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(he 4arch report a!so o#serves that si nificant pro ress has #een made in each of these areas, and that the most critica! impediment to f"rther pro ress is not so m"ch contin"ed research in these individ"a! areas, #"t rather fi "rin o"t how the components of a co nitive networ& fit to ether and can wor& to ether "nder rea!istic conditions$ =n!y #y eva!"atin the performance of comp!ete co nitive networ&s at reasona#!e sca!e wi!! it #e possi#!e to *"stify the necessary spectr"m po!icy chan es or to convince ind"stry to ma&e the necessary investments$ (o that end, the 4arch report E3>B1F emphasi6es the need for shared wire!ess test#ed that can s"pport co nitive networ&in e,periments$ % more detai!ed disc"ssion on the a#ove topics can #e fo"nd in E3>B1F$ ="r #rea& o"t session did not try to f"rther e!a#orate on the a#ove topics, #"t instead foc"sed on the often comp!e, interactions #etween the topics$ (hese interactions !ead to research cha!!en es that are "ni9"e to co nitive networ&s #"t need to #e addressed #efore co nitive networ&s can #e dep!oyed$ 8e e!a#orate on some &ey areas: movin from components to networ&s, interactions #etween po!icy and techno!o y, co nitive networ&in #eyond D2%, and eva!"ation of co nitive networ&s$ . !rom Components to Networks % !ot of research has foc"sed on f"nctions :2ection 2; and radios, #"t what is missin is a ho!istic approach that deve!ops and eva!"ates so!"tions to spectr"m sensin , coordinatin spectr"m access, optimi6ation of comm"nication and networ&in f"nctions, dea!in with mo#i!ity and sec"rity, and spectr"m po!icy in the conte,t of a comp!ete networ&$ 8e disc"ss some cha!!en es and opport"nities associated with ma&in the step to networ&s$ A Network"level #iew $ H"i!din a networ& raises 9"estions on how partition the networ& f"nctiona!ity in a set of components so the res"!tin system has ood performance :e$ $ hi h thro" hp"t, !ow overhead, fast adaptation, sec"re, and ro#"st$;, can #e maintained and dep!oyed iven the different sta&eho!ders and their re!ationships, and can evo!ve over time$ (his is cha!!en in #eca"se the desi n decisions for individ"a! f"nctions wi!! often depend on how other f"nctions are s"pported$ In fact, f"nctions often have conf!ictin re9"irements that m"st #e addressed at the system !eve!$ 4oreover, many D2% spectr"m sharin mode!s com#ine e!ements from traditiona! !icensed and "n!icensed spectr"m "se$ 5owever, most academic research has foc"sed on the "n!icensed spectr"m, in part #eca"se it is easier to et access to e9"ipment and r"n e,periment$ Betwor&in research in D2% conte,t wi!! need to consider the operative perspective since it differs s"#stantia!!y from "sin the "n!icensed spectr"m, for e,amp!e with respect to re "!atory, economic, networ& mana ement, and service 9"a!ity re9"irements$ >esearch in co nitive networ&s has sometimes a!so i nored some iss"es that are very important in practice$ =ne e,amp!e is ener y efficiency, which has si nificant practica! importance for mo#i!e "sers$ 8hi!e ear!y wor& has considered ener y efficiency in spectr"m sensin :i$e, the tradeoff #etween s!eepin and sensin ;, ener y efficiency needs to #e considered in a!! aspects of co nitive networ&s, inc!"din contro! channe! esta#!ishment :e$ $, the simp!icity of a separate contro! channe! at a hi her ener y cost;, contro! messa e passin , channe! se!ection :e$ $, se!ectin channe!s with #etter propa ation characteristics;, and transmission confi "ration :e$ $, the tradeoff #etween data rate and ener y cons"mption per "nit data;, networ& architect"re, sec"rity imp!ication :e$ $, ener y dep!etion attac&s;$ It is indeed a networ& iss"e to findin spectr"m opport"nities in a fast and ener y efficient manner$ %nother important area is networ& mana ement inc!"din iss"es s"ch as 2@%s, #i!!in , service adaptation, sec"rity, monitorin , etc$$ Near"term %pportunities " (his is an opport"ne time to move the research a enda for D2% forward, #eca"se of some "ni9"e rea!0wor!d opport"nities, name!y (? white spaces and @(A0%$ (? white space has received si nificant attention, from re "!ators, ind"stry, and academia a!i&e$ %fter five years of de#ates, st"dies, and prototype testin , the '33 made the historica! decision in Bov$ 2008 of a!!owin "n!icensed wire!ess devices to access "n"sed (? #ands$ (? #ands are very attractive for wire!ess comm"nication$ (hey are in the !ower fre9"encies and have !ar e #andwidth$ (? transmitters have fi,ed !ocations, transmission power, and &nown mod"!ation schemes, with predetermined (? #roadcastin sched"!es$ %s s"ch, they provide a perfect environment for research in co nitive networ&s and any res"!ts can have an immediate impact on ind"stry$ @(A0% :@on 0term0evo!"tion %dvanced; is receivin a !ot of attention from the ce!!"!ar ind"stry$ (he o#*ective is to a!!ow "sers to "ti!i6e potentia!!y se mented spectr"m #ands more efficient!y and with f!e,i#!e "p/down #andwidth$ %!tho" h this is not a enera! case of D2%, it offers a reat opport"nity to demonstrate the concept and #enefit of