Fire Fighting Facilities

(revised SS CP 40, clause 10)

Mr David Ong
Member of Sub-group for the Review of CP 40 &
Risk Management / Fire Protection and Security
Section Head, ExxonMobil Asia Pacific Pte Ltd
10.1 Application
Storage tanks
Package storage
10.2 General Requirements
Mode of activation: manual and/or automatic.
Fixed, semi-fixed or portable fire extinguishing systems.
Fire fighting appliances, equipment to be compatible
with relevant local authorities.
Protection and identification of fire fighting equipment/
facilities.
10.3 Maintenance of Fire Fighting Facilities & Equipment
Portable fire extinguishers.
Periodic testing of protection systems.
Checks on foam conditions in storage.
Proper record keeping.
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10.4 Fire Mains
Installation with higher fire potential
Cater to : Extinguishing of fires
Exposure protection
Supplementary for extinguishing and
exposure protection
Isolation of sections : high hazard areas (100m)
low hazard areas (300m and above
ground)
Fire water tanks
- designed to ensure no interruption of firewater
during maintenance
- 1.5 hrs storage capacity for industrial premises
- 6 hrs for Refineries and bulk storage terminals
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10.5 Fire Pumps
Duty and standby pumps.
Electric, diesel or steam turbine driven.
Continuously pressurized (a) small separate jockey pump
(b) cross over connection from plant
cooling system or process water
(c) low pressure cut-in to activate
main fire pumps
Manual and remote starting at site or control centre.
Suitable for providing total firewater requirement with a
pressure of 1000kN/m
2
at the furthest location and with a
design velocity of not more than 3.5 m/s.
Pump set ...... at least two with one on standby.
Multiple pump set ...... standby to be able to provide minimum
50% back up.
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10.6 Hydrant System
2, 3 or 4 outlets for flammable liquid storage areas.
Distance between hydrants and fire engine access shall not
exceed 5 m.
Spacing between hydrants shall not exceed 80 m.
Cannot be located within a tank compound.
Located at least 10 m from potential fire areas.
Flow rate for each outlet shall not be less than 700 kN/m
2.
Running pressure shall not be less than 1000 kN/m
2.
Fire hose boxes with hoses and nozzles to be installed
near to hydrants.
10.7 Fire Extinguishment
To provide sufficient water and foam for effective
extinguishment of tank fires.
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10.7.1 Fire Fighting Facilities for Extinguishment of Fires
For extinguishment of pool, rim seal, full surface and bund
fires for storage of flammable liquids.
Used of fixed, semi fixed and or mobile/portable equipment.
Requirements depends on class of products stored, tank
size and accessibility.
10.7.2 Foam Systems Design Requirements
Addresses floating and fixed roof tanks for Category 1/2/3
& 4 liquids fire situations.
Fixed and semi fixed foam systems. Use of portable requires
increase rate by 30%.
In house foam capability for up to 60 m diameter tanks.
Use of mutual aid resources for tanks beyond 60 m diameter.
Sufficient for first hour foam application with 100% back up.
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Table 7 Foam Systems
1. To provide fixed or semi-fixed system for tank diameter greater than
45 m and capable of extinguishing a full surface fire for up to 60 m
tank diameter.
2. To provide portable foam systems for full surface extinguishment
through mutual aid resources for any shortfall specified in 1 above.
> 45 m
To provide portable fire extinguishing systems operated by CERT for
full surface fire if accessibility on site is sufficient. Otherwise, to
provide fixed/semi-fixed system.
45 m or less
Fixed roof tanks
for Category 4
Flammable
Liquids
1. To provide fixed or semi-fixed system capable of extinguishing a
rim seal fire or full surface fire of 60 m tank diameter, whichever is
more severe.
2. To provide portable foam systems for full surface extinguishment
through mutual aid resources for any shortfall specified in 1 above.
> 60 m
Floating roof
tanks for
Category
1, 2
and
3
Flammable
Liquids
To provide fixed or semi-fixed system capable of extinguishing a rim
seal and full surface fire.
> 6 m
To provide portable fire extinguishing systems operated by CERT for
full surface fire.
6 m or less
To provide fixed or semi-fixed system for full surface fire. > 6 m
To provide portable fire extinguishing system operated by CERT for full
surface fire.
6 m or less Fixed roof tanks
for Category 1, 2
and 3 Flammable
Liquids
Type of foam systems required Tank
diameter
Type of tanks
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10.7.3 Supplementary Foam for Small Spill Fires
10.7.4 General Requirements for Foam Concentrate
Low expansion foam.
Base injection foam.
Alcohol type foam concentrate.
Compatible with powders.
10.8 Fire Exposure Protection
To provide sufficient water and equipment for exposure
Protection of tanks adjacent to a tank on fire.
Use of fixed water spray system, fixed or portable monitors.
Adequate coverage of both tank roof and side with complete
film of water.
Independent sections of water spray with valves easily
accessible and at least 15/30 m away from protected small
or large tanks respectively.
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10.8 Fire Exposure Protection (contd)
Application rate of 2 litres per min for Category 1, 2 & 3
liquids within 1.5 diameter for spray protection.
Application rate of 1 litre per min for Category 4 liquids
within 0.75 diameter. Fixed water spray is not required
if accessibility is good for use of portable fire monitors.
Minimum pressure of 345 to 440 kN/m
2
gauge shall be
maintained.
Use of portable monitors would require 30% more for water
demand requirement.
2 x 1500 l/mportable monitors required for supplementary use.
Tank bund drain valve shall be designed to ensure that outlet
flow is greater than the worst case of total incoming firewater
when the water level in the bund is at 80% of the bund internal
height.
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10.9 Mobile & Portable Fire Equipment
10.9.1 Mobile & Portable Monitors
Minimum of 4 x 1500 l/mportable monitors to be provided
for all installation except for those with storage capacity less
than 100 m
3
and individual capacity of 20 m
3
.
10.9.2 Mobile & Portable Foam Monitors
At least 2 x 2000 l/mfor each installation.
Sufficient for full surface fire for tanks up to 60 m diameter.
10.9.3 Foam Tenders
Sufficient foam tenders with back up shall be provided for
the semi-fixed foam system.
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10.9.4 Foam Carriers
Sufficient foam carriers shall be provided to supply foam
to the foam tenders for continuous operation up to the
required duration.
10.9.5 Access Ways & Lay Bys
Fire engine access shall be 4 m wide and lay-bys at least
3.5 m wide and 15 m length.
10.9.6 Fire Extinguishers
Fire extinguishers shall comply with Singapore standard
CP 55.
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10.10 Fire Alarm System
Automatic with manual capability.
Distinguished from other signals.
Independent power supply.
Connected to DECAM.
10.11 Fire Fighting Personnel (Company Emergency
Response Team CERT)
To ensure sufficient and competent fire fighting personnel,
whether auxillaries or full timers shall be available on-site
to tackle the largest single risk identified within the
installation.
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Thank you