Lesson 21: Influence of Other Cultures on Philippines Art and Culture.

Geographically , the Philippines is part of the East but in culture, it is believed to be strongly western. Nearly four centuries of western rule left indelible prints on the way of life of the Filipino people. The influence of other cultures may be seen in the various forms of Philippine art.

Painting
We have learned from the previous lessons that during the Spanish Rule(1521-1898) the first teachers of the Filipinos in painting were the Spanish friars. The reproduced paintings were needed for wall fittings and altar decorations in churches, convents, and more monasteries. The Americans influence is evident in the shift of paintings from religious pictures to painting portrait

and landscapes. As stated earlier in the history of Philippine art, the American colonial officials, merchants, and tourists showed great interest in these types of paintings. Filipino artist who studied in the United States came back with the latest styles, such as abstract expressionism and geometric abstraction. Some of these artist scholars were Jose Joya, Constancio Brnardo, and Lee Aguinaldo. The Paris School had its own influence on Philippine painting. Filipino artist who were trained in the Paris School learned the techniques of cubism and expressionism. These artist were Cesar Legaspi, Vicente Manansala, and Romeo Tabuena.

Sculpture
The Father of Philippine Sculpture was Guillermo Tolentino. He is Known for the monument of Andres Bonifacio that he built in Caloocan city. The Americn influence on Philippine sculpture may also be seen

in the works of other Filipino sculptors are Napoleon Abueva, Eduardo Castrillo. Abdul Imao, and Lamberto Hechanova.

Architecture
Philippine architecture is believed to be a mixture of imitation and adaption. The Filipinos learned architectural techniques and styles from the Americans. Modern houses in the Philippines appeared to have been patterned after Hollywood ranch houses. They had elegant porches and terraces, as well as elaborate fences of stone and metalwork. The posts in some Filipinos homes and buildings. However, the sliding doors and well were patterned after Japanese architecture. The mosque, a place of worship of the Muslims, reflects Islamic architecture. Its prayer hall, which is intended for communal worship, is

patterned after mosques in the Spain and other Islamic countries. Most government buildings, such as the Post office and the former Congress of the Philippines on Taft Avenue, have Ionic Corinthian columns. They were patterned after the Greek buildings.

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Quiz
Name:_____________________________________ Score:______/_____ , ______% Identification:1.Who is the Father of Philippine Sculpture?

Fill in the blanks 2.Philippine architecture is believed to be a mixture of _________________and____________________. 3.The Filipinos learned architectural techniques and styles from the_______________________. 4.Modern houses in the Philippines appeared to have been patterened after____________________________________. True or False:5.The Philippines is part of the East but in culture, it is belivied to be strongly Southern. TRUE FALSE

6.Filipino artist who studied in the United States came back with the latest styles. TRUE FALSE

Identification:7.Wo are the artist scholars that studied in United States? __________________________,________________ ______________________,____________________ _______________________. 8.Who are the artist that is trained in Paris? _____________________________,_____________ __________________________,________________ __________________________. Essay:9-10.Why is the Philippines strongly western but the Philippine is in the east?______________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________.