Solar Power Plants From Abb We Make Solar Power Reliable and Affordable

Steve Hsu, Business Development Manager, 2012-10-26
Solar power plants from ABB We make solar power reliable and affordable
A global leader in power and automation technologies Leading market positions in main businesses
145,000 employees in about 100 countries $38 billion in revenue (2011) Formed in 1988 merger of Swiss and Swedish engineering companies Predecessors founded in 1883 and 1891 Publicly owned company with head office in Switzerland
ABB Group October 15, 2012 | Slide 2
Power and productivity for a better world ABBs vision
As one of the worlds leading engineering companies, we help our customers to use electrical power efficiently, to increase industrial productivity and to lower environmental impact in a sustainable way.
How ABB is organized Five global divisions
Power Products $10.9 billion 36,000 employees
Power Systems $8.1 billion 20,000 employees
Discrete Automation and Motion $8.8 billion 29,000 employees
Low Voltage Products $7.7 billion 31,000 employees
Process Automation $8.3 billion 28,000 employees
(2011 revenues, consolidated; including Thomas & Betts revenue for LP division)
ABBs portfolio covers:
Electricals, automation, controls and instrumentation for power generation and industrial processes Power transmission Distribution solutions Low-voltage products
Motors and drives Intelligent building systems Robots and robot systems Services to improve customers productivity and reliability
ABB offers turnkey solar power plants Reliable execution and guaranteed performance
CSP power plants
CPV power plants
PV power plants
Cost effective direct steam generation
High efficient power generation with steam parameters up to 130 bar, 530C steam
Highest yield per m2 land In cooperation with Novatec Solar
Outstanding solar electrical efficiency with triple junction cell and dual axis tracking. Prefabricated and tested modular plug and play system In cooperation with Greenvolts
Optimized integrated solution Maximal yield at each moment of day Integration into grid Independent from module supplier
ABB Group Month DD, Year
| Slide 5
Three solar technologies for different applications Highest performance for every environment
CSP power plants
CPV power plants
PV power plants
Utility scale power plant from 50 MW to 250 MW
Utility scale power plant 1 to 50 MW Dezentralized power plants from 100 kW
Utility scale power plant 1 to 100 MW Industrial roof top installation from 500 kW
Dispatchable energy from plant with thermal storage

Process heat / steam Solar resource: high DNI area
Solar resource: high DNI area
Solar resource: all level of global irradiation
| Slide 6
Photovoltaic power Integrated solution
PV: offered scope Clients requirement defines ABBs scope
Panels
Trackers
DC cabling protectors
Inverters
Transformat ion center
Grid connection
PV: ABB as turn key contractor Integrated solution for high performance
V V
Tracker
A
DC field
A
Inverters
DC Cables
Panels
Trackers
DC cabling protectors
Inverters
Transformation center
Automation, monitoring and remote control
Integrated plant design, and yield calculation
Turnkey solution project management, site management, H&S, quality control
External partner
PV: different set up according to clients requirement ABB cooperates with module supplier
a) ABB and module partner build a consortium, managed by ABB
Developer client
Turnkey ABB
Power electronics ABB
PV modules partner
Balance of system ABB
Automation ABB
b) Module Partner is sub supplier to ABB, but the PV Module Partner is directly accountable for the extended warranty period of PV Modules
Electrification ABB
Developer client
Turnkey ABB Power electronics ABB Balance of system ABB
Automation ABB
Electrification ABB
PV modules partner
| Slide 10
Photovoltaic power Standard PV plants components & ABB portfolio associated
Standard plant and ABB portfolio Typical layout of a PV solar plant

1 7
Main elements of a Solar Power plant:
1 Solar arrays (fix or solar trackers)
VISTA EN PLANTA DE PARQUE SOLAR 2MW
2 Solar Drives 3 LV distribution and protection cabinets 4 Inverter + transformation center 5 Entrance point
5 3 2 4
6 Supervision and control station 7 Civil engineering (ground preparation, streets, buildings) 8 Safety & Security system (CCTV,etc)
MV net
MV prefabricated Substation
Standard plant and ABB portfolio

Standard 1.000 Mwp Electrical drawing

Products and services Cell and Photovoltaic modules (No ABB) Trackers Inverters Substations Protections Security access control Supervisory control REE dispatching protocol (Partner of ABB) (ABB) (ABB) (ABB) (ABB) (ABB) (ABB)
Solar energy optimization
(ABB)
Installation, erection and commissioning. Integrators alliance
Photovoltaic power The Evolution of PV Interconnection Requirements
PowerTech, 2011 IEEE Trondheim Date of Conference: 19-23 June 2011 Author(s): Marinopoulos, A. ; Corp. Res., ABB AB, Vasteras, Sweden Abstract The current work focuses on two specific issues concerning grid-connected solar PV units, i.e. the fault ride-through capability, also called low voltage ride-through capability, and the voltage support function through reactive power injection during faults. With the first one the PV unit can actually provide some limited grid support, whereas with a defined reactive power characteristic it can give a complete dynamic grid support. These two requirements, already known for wind power generation but new for the PV, have been recently introduced in the German technical guidelines for connection to the MV grid. Scope of the paper is to implement these requirements in a large solar PV plant, modeled in DIgSILENT PowerFactory, in order to understand its operation, and to evaluate its behavior and impact on the grid, in terms of stability and voltage support during grid fault.
PV standards a look to Europe
EU countries (i.e. Germany. France and Italy) have passed new grid interconnection standards for MW installs All are somewhat different, but major trends for static and dynamic grid support can be recognized:

Static active power limitation (curtailment) Dynamic active power reduction
Low Voltage Ride Through (LVRT)

Power factor set point Reactive power generation (VAR compensation)
Grid interconnection - USA
ABB Central Inverters, PVS800 Grid support - Reactive power compensation - Power reduction - Low voltage ride through (LVRT)
ABB Center Inverters PVS800 Overview (1)
ABB Center Inverters PVS800 Overview (2)
ABB megawatt station PVS800-MWS

1. Grid support Substation - Reactive power compensation - Power reduction - Low voltage ride through (LVRT) 2. Comply to IEC 62271-202 High-voltage/low-voltage prefabricated substation standard
ABB junction box with monitoring PVS-JB-8-M

ABB junction box with monitoring
ABB junction box with monitoring Block Diagram

Junction boxes with string monitoring 24 x 8 = 192 modules, 192 x 245 Wp = 47,04 kWp
MODBUS STR MON 230VAC
Solar Array 1.1
PVS800-57-0500kW-A (1000 Vdc)
24 x 8 = 192 modules, 192 x 245 Wp = 47,04 kWp

Solar Array 1.2
. . . 24 x 8 = 192 modules, 192 x 245 Wp = 47,04 kWp

To the transformer (300 Vac)
Solar Array 1.11
24 x 8 = 192 modules, 192 x 245 Wp = 47,04 kWp

ETHERNET/ MODBUS CONV (NETA)
Solar Array 1.12
Ethernet switch 230 Vac supply Modbus

ABB web box
Totally per 500 kW inverter: 24 x 96 = 2304 modules 2304 x 245 Wp = 564,48 kWp
Remote monitoring portal
Internet From other 500 kW inverters
ABB String Inverters, PVS300 for

ABB PVS300 String Inverters
Remote Monitoring Portal (RMP) application
Reactive power kvar display
Photovoltaic power
ABB central inverter PVS800 Preventive maintenance and Reconditioning services
PVS800 Central Inverter Care Contract
PVS800 Central Inverter Maintenance Service Schedule (sample)
Yenfu Cheng, Head of Power Generation Business Unit, 2012-10-26
Solar Power ABB,


Products and services Cell and Photovoltaic modules (No ABB) Trackers Inverters Substations Protections Security access control Supervisory control REE dispatching protocol Solar energy optimization (Partner of ABB) (ABB) (ABB) (ABB) (ABB) (ABB) (ABB) (ABB)
Installation, erection and commissioning. Integrators alliance
Thermosolar Power Plants (CSP)
CSC Technology is based on solar radiation concentration to produce steam or hot air which could then be used on conventional electric plants.
Main Components
Concentrator: Different optics elements as mirrors, concentrate the sun on a point or a line where the receiver is located. Receiver: The receiver collets the concentrated sun rays and transfers the energy to a heat transfer fluid. Heat Exchanger: At the evaporator the heat transfer fluid transfers heat the water that becomes steam. Turbine
There are 4 key CSP technologies: parabolic trough has by far the largest installed fleet
350 MW of parabolic trough capacity installed in the Mojave Desert, US in the 1980s, ABB was a key participant in these projects.
Thermosolar Power Plants (CSP) Parabolic
The parabolic troughs are used to track the sun and concentrate sunlight on to the thermally efficient receiver tubes placed in the trough focal line. In these tubes, a thermal transfer fluid is circulated, such as synthetic thermal oil. This oil is then pumped through a series of heat exchangers to produce steam. The steam is converted to electrical energy in a conventional steam turbine generator. Main components

Reflector Absorber tube Tracking system Structure
CSP simplified scheme
Thermosolar Power Plants (CSP) Power Tower
A circular array of heliostats (2 axis tracking mirror) is used to concentrate sunlight to a central receiver mounted on the top of a tower. A heat transfer medium in this receiver absorbs the highly concentrated radiation and coverts it into thermal energy to be used by a turbine. Main components

Heliostats Tower Receptor
Characteristics:
High temperatures = High yields
Solar power tower
Solar Trees power tower power 17MW currently under construction in Andalucia, Spain, total estimated cost = 200M Euro Key design challenges:
Central receiver high differential thermal stresses & large n Of temp cycles (fatigue)
Pumping molten salt up to the top of the tower

Sensor concept & engineering ACS Cobra construction Saint Gobain heliostat glass Siemens Turbine island
Consortium:

Stirling System

SunCatcher 25 kW 38ft Thermal engine stirling cycle with an asynchronous generator
Hybrid CCPP (ISCC): basics

ISCC = Integrated Solar Combined Cycle
The heat coming from the solar field is used as extra energy for steam production on the combine cycle. Thereby the fuel is partly substituted by the solar resource.
Pablo Astorga, ABB Spain - Power Generation (PSP), 11/03/2009
Solar Power in ABB ABB Thermal Portfolio for STP
Thermosolar power plants
ABB Portfolio for STP eBOP
ABB Portfolio for STP Electrical Balance of Plant (eBOP)
ABB Portfolio for STP Typical ABBs supply

Distributed Control System AC800M/PGP Field Solar Communication System (SCS): 1 x AC800M Solar Field Control System (LOC): 1,250 x AC500 Main transformer: 50/65 MVA, 225/11KV, YNd11, vacuum regulation MV switchgear for 11kV and 6.3 kV Breakers

2xVD4/M-12.12.50ZC+PowerBlock ZS1 4xHD4/P-12.16.25+PBE-2 40xHD4/P-12.06.25+PBE-1
Contactors: 8xV/P-7 (RM)+PBE-1
Fuses: 24x for the contactors

Transformer: DTE1000A8D (100 kVA, 3 winding, 6000/725V) Drive: ACS800-07-1160-7 (953 A, 690 V, IP54R) Motor: AMA400L2L (900 kW, 690 V, 2 poles, IP55, IC411)
STP plant development, integration and subsystems
ABBs Portfolio for STP

ABB substation ( 50 MVA - 100 MVA ) ( 132 KV - 225 KV )

Key deliverables Turnkey substations.

Transformers. Switchgear.
Motorized Breakers.
Automation relays. Associated equipment Repair, spare parts, maintenance, remote monitoring Feasibility and grid studies. Short-circuit calculation, selectivity and protection coordination Transient system stability and dynamic behavior Harmonic analysis, filtering and lining up systems settlement Ground simulation.
ABBs Portfolio for STP Transformer
ABBs Portfolio for STP MV Switchgear
MV Switchgear for 11 kV and 6,3 kV: Breakers: 2xVD4/M-12.12.50ZC+PowerBlock ZS1 4xHD4/P-12.16.25+PBE-2 40xHD4/P-12.06.25+PBE-1 Contactors: 8xV/P-7 (RM)+PBE-1 Fuses: 24x for the contactors
ABBs Portfolio for STP Motors and Drives
Motors and drives
Transformer: DTE1000A8D (100 kVA, 3 winding, 6000/725V) Drive: ACS800-07-1160-7 (953 A, 690 V, IP54R)
Motor: AMA400L2L (900 kW, 690 V, 2 poles, IP55, IC411)

Solar field control : LOC
ABB
ABB
Individual positioning of each collector Calculation of the solar vector Temperature control HTF Autonomous from DCS Internal checking of LOC / PLC
ABBs Portfolio for STP LOC by ABB
Main function of LOC Each LOC calculates the solar cetos, based on NREL algorithms and positioning the solar collector according the operation mode chosen

Solar Control System

LOC interfaces
SCS interface Modbus TCP:
Control and surveillance of Collector position HTF parameters Operational modes
Temperature Collector Monitoring:
Pt100 supervision of HTF
Hydraulic positioning system:

Solenoid valves actuators Pressure control of the hydraulic system
Collector Secure & Stow position:
Limit switches

I/O signal type LOC TOTAL AI(4-20mA) 3 3 RTD 2 2 DI 12 12 DO 8 8 TOTAL 25 25
Vertical LOC cabinet: ABB Gemini 700x460x260 mm
Thermoplastic molding
Robust and resistant to direct exposure to the sun High resistance to chemical and environmental elements Includes PLC, I/O, switch and various LV equipment Complete, independently certified solution Applus

Distributed control system
SCS
DCS
Control Room
AC800M AC800M AC800M AC800M AC800M AC800M Solar Field Modbus RTU MT protection BT analyzer
LOC
BOP I BOP II Electrical system
etc
Communication
HTF
TES
Solar Field
HTF, BOP & POWER ISLAND
TES
Concentrated solar power plant (CSP) Solar field network requirements
Standard Ethernet architecture, independent of plant type

Parabolic trough Power tower Avoid broadcast traffic
Network segmentation depending on the amount of LOCs
Remote programming available Industrial, standardized products

Long lifecycle Long term spares availability
Standard solutions over standard products
Different calculation precision requirements for parabolic trough (10-2) and power tower (10-3)
Contol system of solar field LOC
Main function
Positioning of the solar collector to drive and concentrate the solar radiation into a point Maintenance of the operational modes in an independent way tracking continuously the sun Maximizing the performance of the solar field Maintain the system safe and running Industrial standard products instead of tailor made solutions Easy adaptation to changes International support of standard products
Foto
Andasol 1. Cortesia de COBRA-SENER
Design parameters

Key points

Know-How in power generation

High end PLC Standard communication protocols and networks Solar algorithm of high resolution
ABB Group 15, 2012 | Slide 27
October

Solar Field Network

Solar Field Network

Solar Field Network

Solar Field Network

Solar Field Network
Pablo Astorga, ABB Spain - Power Generation (PSP), 11/03/2009
Solar Powerin inSTP ABB ABB Thermal References
Thermosolar power plants
PSA Solar Power Plant DISS loop

ABBs Supply
Distributed Control System (DCS) for the DISS test loop (1.3 MWt)
Customer benefits
Constitutes an excellent experimental system for investigating the two-phase flow and direct steam generation for electricity production. Autonomous from DCS. High degree of standardization in planning and documentation. Extremely flexible system regarding O&M and future extensions.
Andasol 1 Solar Power Plant

ABBs Supply

Distributed Control System (DCS) MV Switchgear Motors & Drives Unit Transformers
Customer benefits
ABBs flexibility and experience with complex power systems.

High degree of standardization in planning and documentation. Extremely flexible system regarding O&M and future extensions.
Andasol 2 Solar Power Plant

ABBs Supply

Distributed Control System (DCS) MV Switchgear Motors & Drives Unit Transformers
Customer benefits

High degree of standardization in planning and documentation. Extremely flexible system regarding O&M and future extensions.
Extresol 1 Solar Power Plant

ABBs Supply

Distributed Control System (DCS) Solar Field Communications System (SCS) Solar Field System (LOC): 624 units MV Switchgear Motors & Drives Unit Transformers
Customer benefits
High degree of standardization in planning and documentation.

Extremely flexible system regarding O&M and future extensions. Totally integrated and compatible control scope solution. Short installation and commissioning time.
Extresol 2 Solar Power Plant

ABBs Supply

Distributed Control System (DCS) Solar Field Communications System (SCS) Solar Field System (LOC): 624 units MV Switchgear Motors & Drives Unit Transformers
Customer benefits
High degree of standardization in planning and documentation.

Extremely flexible system regarding O&M and future extensions. Totally integrated and compatible control scope solution. Short installation and commissioning time.
Kuraymat Integrated Solar Combined Cycle

ABBs Supply
Distributed Control System (DCS) : Power Block + Solar Field MV Switchgear Motors & Drives
Customer benefits
ABB assumes responsibility for engineering and coordination activities towards control & electrical systems. Extremely flexible system regarding O&M and future extensions.
Hassi RMel Integrated Solar Combined Cycle

ABBs Supply
EBOP concept, including

Transformers MV Switchgear LV Switchgear Complete Electrical System Cabling
Customer benefits

Totally integrated and compatible full scope solution High degree of standardization in planning and documentation Extremely flexible system regarding O&M and future extensions
Martin Integrated Solar Combined Cycle

ABBs Supply
Solar Field Control System (LOC): 1,136 units
Customer benefits

ABBs experience in solar collector positioning Extremely short delivery schedule High degree of standardization in planning and Documentation High degree of flexibility in engineering and LOC design
Manchasol 1 Solar Power Plant

ABBs Supply

Distributed Control System (DCS) Solar Field Communications System (SCS) Solar Field Control System (LOC): 624 units
Customer benefits
ABBs flexibility and experience with complex power systems

High degree of standardization in planning and documentation Extremely flexible system regarding O&M and future extensions Totally integrated and compatible control scope solution Short installation and commissioning time
Manchasol 2 Solar Power Plant

ABBs Supply

Customer benefits

VALLESOL 1 Solar Power Plant

ABBs Supply

Customer benefits

VALLESOL 2 Solar Power Plant

ABBs Supply

Customer benefits

Photovoltaic Plants
Solar Power Plant Types

PV roof plant installation (EPC)

Low/ medium power photovoltaic installation in building. Fix structure. Fix structures, solar panels, inverters, switchgear, low voltage & protection cabinets, automation and transformer. Possibility to get additional fee in tariff due to architectonical integration Typical Power (10kw to 500kw)
PV ground plant installation: Fix structure (EPC)

Medium/ High voltage standard photovoltaic installation in a fix structure Possibility for very high efficiency improve (60%) Fix structures, solar panels, inverters, switchgear, low voltage & protection cabinets, prebuilt transformer center, security, automation, transformer, cabling and small civil work. Typical Power (100kw to 50,000 kw)

PV ground plant installation: 1 / 2 axis trackers (EPC)

Medium/ High power photovoltaic installation in a 1 or 2 axis structure Possibility for very high efficiency improve (60%) 1 or 2 axis structures (multiple or single pole), robots, motors, drives, solar panels Inverters, switchgear, low voltage & protection cabinets, prebuilt transformation center, Security, automation, transformer, cabling, substations and small civil work, Typical Power (100kw to 50,000 kw)
PV concentrated ground plant: 3 sun (EPC)
Medium / high power photovoltaic installation 2 axis structure and 3 sun concentration.
Possibility for very high efficiency improve (60%)

2 axis structures (multiple or single pole), robots, motors, drives, solar panels, inverters, switchgear, low voltage & protection cabinets, prebuilt transformation center, security, automation, transformer, cabling, substations and small civil work. Typical Power (100kw to 50,000 kw)

PV concentrated ground plant : 500 sun (EPC)
Medium/ High power photovoltaic installation 2 axis structure and 500 sun concentration.
Possibility for very high efficiency improve (60%)

2 axis structures (multiple or single pole), robots, motors, drives, solar panels, inverters, switchgear, low voltage & protection cabinets, prebuilt transformation center, security, automation, transformer, cabling, substations and small civil work Typical Power (100kw to 50,000 kw)
HCPV Heliostat concentrated PV power tower (consortium)

High power, heliostat PV tower concentration (1,500 sun) in High efficiency panel. Heliostat trackers, high efficiency panel in tower structure, motors, drives, solar panels Inverters, switchgear, low voltage & protection cabinets, transformation center, security Automation, transformer, cabling, substations and medium civil work. Typical Power (50,000kw to 150,000 kw)
Photovoltaic Plants

Products and services Cell and Photovoltaic modules Trackers Tracker Control System Inverters Transformer & Switching System Containerized CT concrete building Substations Protections Security access control Supervisory control Grid dispatching control Solar energy optimization system (No ABB) (Partner of ABB) (ABB) (ABB) (ABB) (ABB) (ABB) (ABB) (ABB) (ABB) (ABB) (ABB)
Containerized inverter concrete building (ABB)
Installation, erection and commissioning (ABB) Integrators alliance

O&M (from 5 years to 20 years)
(ABB)
ABBs Portfolio for PV Electrical Balance of Plant (eBOP or EPC)

Product and System Concept eBOP or EPC Concept
Advanced solutions for automation in solar plants

ABB 15.10.2012 Enter filename via "View - Header and Footer...". Apply to all. | 55
PV Plant Scheme
Panels
Structures
- DC Cabling
-
Inverters
CT
Protection String Control Tracker Control
Standard PV Plant Design
High efficiency equipment selection

Panels Trackers Inverters
Switchgear Transformer Cable Selection
Standard Design (Standard module type 1Mw Design)

Engineering Works Electrical Calculation
Electrical Cabinets Concrete prebuilt CT all in it
Looses Calculation
Automation & Supervision PR Calculations
Concrete prebuilt Inverters all in it

Communications Operation & Maintenance
Optimized System Design Panels classifications

Switching System None assistant plant operation
Electrical looses
Optimal Power Peak Calculation
Lower total cost.

No coordination for partners scope Reduced installation cost Reduced commercial risk
Added value to client

Increase availability Greater flexibility Reduced operation cost
Support fast track project

Sharing of responsibilities Guaranteed delivery Access to a complete product range Using ABB project experience Reduced technical risk
Feasibility and grid studies

Short-circuit calculation, selectivity and protection coordination Load flow calculation, components design Transient system stability and dynamic behavior Harmonic analysis, filtering and lining up system settlement Economical convenience and lifecycle analysis (LCC inverters)
Strong competence for personalized solutions planning thanks to our local resources support
The experience and innovative solutions ABB can offer are studied and tested all over the world, this is why we will always be able to meet the customers requirements.
Panels Right technology selection

Concentrator PV CPV Photovoltaics Conventional Si Thin Film Others (Nanosolar, Multi-spectrum)
Lowest LCOE potential Highest energy density Matches peak load demand Best in hot climates
Mature technology Indirect sunlight acceptable Tracking optional Efficiency approaching limits of technology Performance degrades at high temperatures
Indirect sunlight acceptable Less temperature degradation than silicon PV Suited to rooftops/ construction Lowest Efficiency
Low cost effective Technology immature Low efficiency & stability No bankability criteria
Readily scalable to GW
Tracking Mandatory Requires Direct Sunlight
Photovoltaic plant automation Architecture
The system will manage, among traditional automation functions/features
Solar tracking system, when available, for production maximization Performance calculation of the different stages ABB patented switching system for optimizing inverter efficiency Troubleshooting management of strings Integration of plant security and surveillance system Production automatic reporting system
Solar standard solution Technology highlights
High precision shadowing control algorithm for solar tracking Extensible and scalable solution for any plant size Switching system for optimizing inverter efficiency Performance/efficiency oriented supervision system

High precision shadowing control algorithm for solar tracking
Shadowing prevention according to tracker dimensions and plant layout Other systems use backtracking correction, thus preventing unnecessary movements and efficiency losses
High precision shadowing control algorithm for solar tracking
ABB algorithm calculates the optimal position modeling panels and tracker structure geometry
Photovoltaic plant automation Local algorithm

Standard PLC program IEC based Program code opened an easy to export Trigonometric function calculations: SIN, COS, ARCSEN and ARCOS Position accuracy from >0.2 up to >1.5 (real sun position) Automatic order for trackers security position in case of wind and hail PLC software already programmed Easy and fast commissioning
Photovoltaic plant automation Architecture

LAN 2 Local Automation LAN 1 Solar Tracker OPERATOR WORKPLACE DCS Inverters
MV an LV Switchgears
Internet
eMail
Remote Access Transformers
Remote Office

Inversor Inversor Celdas Transformador RS-485 AC800M Estacin Metereolgica AC500 AC500 AC500 AC500 RS-485 AC800M AC500 AC500 AC500 AC500 Estacin Metereolgica
1 MW
Inversor
Inversor Celdas Transformador
1 MW
Switch TCP/IP
Switch TCP/IP
Extensible and scalable solution for any plant sizes
All HW and SW components apply scalable architecture Easy systematical re-usable pattern
Photovoltaic plant automation Function allocation
At the DCS level is controlled

Solar plant power electronics device controls Optimization - switching Neural networks - intelligent forecast and approximation Alarms and events handling Trackers

At local automation is performed
Accurate solar tracking algorithm One and two axis movement control implementation Power connection box management Current per line current control to detect strings failures
Power connection box

Photovoltaic plant automation Tracker control cubicle
Breakers
Power supplies (motors and PLC)

Inverter relays PLC AC 500 (8 D/I, 8 D/O, 4 A/I) Sun position algorithm (0,02 accuracy) F.O. Switch. (Modbus TCP/IP network) Enclosure Geminis type
Relays and terminal blocks
Photovoltaic plant automation PLC for local automation
Communicatio ns modules
CPUs
I/Os + Bases
Cabecer a FBP + Base
Bases CPUs
Photovoltaic plant automation Local automation architecture

Supervision and control systems
6PLC5 6PLC2 4PLC4
8PLC3
7PLC4
6PLC4
6PLC1
4PLC3
4PLC2
3PLC3
2PLC5
1PLC4
9PLC5
9PLC3
9PLC1
8PLC2
7PLC3
6PLC3
5PLC4
5PLC2
4PLC1
3PLC2
2PLC4
2PLC2
1PLC3
Cable Cat5+
9PLC4
9PLC2
9PLC4
8PLC1
7PLC2
7PLC1
5PLC3
5PLC1
3PLC4
3PLC1
2PLC3
2PLC1
1PLC2
1PLC1
Cable
interior armari o
Spider
RS20-0400
5Tx
Fibra
ptica
Master
Multimodo
RS20-0800
RS20-0800
Master
ADSL SAI ON-LINE
Photovoltaic plant automation Operator mimics
Photovoltaic plant automation Operator mimics

Switching system for optimizing inverter efficiency

Input power distribution for optimizing inverter efficiency Switching principles

Inverter low performance at low loads Inverter high performance at medium-high loads One inverter working at medium load, better than two inverters working at low load Load balancing among inverters

Low performance
High performance
Photovoltaic plant automation Advanced optimization
DCS advanced control functions

Operation of the switch over cabinet Optimization based theoretical calculations Neural networks analysis
ABB system optimization Automatic switching system

Maintenance / damages inverters Protection faults
Improving production by optimizing the light capture during dawn and nightfall Improving production during high cloudiness Improving production in emergency situation (hail, high wind)
Energy optimization drawing
Automatic switching system to optimize:

Energy during dawn and nightfall
Cleaning and maintenance of panels / trackers Damages or maintenance of inverters Hail and high wind
Photovoltaic plant automation Advanced optimization
Over the Maximum Power Point Tracking algorithm (MPPT) to increase performance in operational points like low sun conditions it has been developed a set of algorithms based on Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and designed to adapt themselves to the particular conditions of every PV plant

PI nv1
PI nv1
PI nv2
PI nv3
PI nv3
The difference is in the PV turbine equivalent I-V curve (affected by panel degradation, dirtiness, etc..) Neuronal network learns from real values to get progressively a better PI
PI nv1
PI nv2 PI nv3
PI nv1
PI nv3
ABB system optimization Repower concept 55% to 70% total production increase
V A
Maximun
DC Voltage input !
Maximum
DC current input !
Standard series and parallel arrays of panels
Cases of optimization :
Low irradiance months Cloudiness days Lost due to panels dirt Lost due to panels efficiency decrease
Advantages
optimization
system
A
Additional individual series
Old installation. Repower with same tariff New installations: 10 to 15% total price decrease over normal installation (no CT , no inverters, no HV installation)
Master PLC control system

ABB system optimization Production optimization
1 / 2 Axis sun Trackers Panel flash report classification Dawn Nightfall Cloudiness Wind + Hail Damages + Maintenance Transformer + electrical Adding Panels Dirt
+ 25 % to + 35 % - 3,2 % to + 0,8 % + 1,1 % to + 1,4 % + 0,7 % to + 1,1 % + 0,05 % to + 0,1 % + 0,2 % to + 0,3 % + 0,4 % to + 0,6 % + 30 % to + 70 % additional power) Will affect all parameters before.
When solar panels efficiency decrease by year this data become more relevant.

Performance/efficiency oriented supervision system
Real time plant performance ratio calculation based on:

Irradiation Panels strings Inverters Transformers
New advanced features Oriented to performance
Efficiency calculation

For individual elements (strings, trackers, inverters) For stages For the whole plant
To allocate malfunctions in the shortest time Alarms for deviation in real time (alarms) Reports
Performance calculation Stages

Modules DC cabling Inverters and swicthing Trasnformers
Tracking
Stages for performance Real time PR Calculations

Modules Characteristics
(Fresh Data)
V
Tracking
-
Perfect Optimal distribution
DC cable design charactericits
Inverter characteristics
Swicthing scheme Inverters
V
Transformers characteristics
Trafo
Inverters output
V
Counter
V
DC field
A A
Inverters
A
Transformer
DC Cables
Panel String:
Temperature Sun
Tracker:
Tracking Tracking Tracking Control Sun
DC Cabling:
DC
Inverter:
Control
Transformation Center:
CT
efficiency accuracy gain
cable losses for: DC input DC Input status
for:
control for:
Irradiation
Control Voltage Current
Temperature Voltage Current AC
Temperature AC AC AC
Current
String Monitoring
Panel
DC/AC DC/AC
Voltage Current Power counter Kwh / Disconnect
for:
location for:
position position
Protection PR DC cable
Power
Algorithm Panel Panel Dirt
Tracker Motor 2
Restarting MPPT
Energy
degradation failure
movements
analysis system
Connect
Axis tilt sensors calculation
Switching Neuranal
Restarting Protection
Shadows
algorithm
status
PR panel
Backtracking
Emergency
Inverter
efficiency
Transformer
PR transformer
efficiency
position
PR inverter
Maintenance PR tracker
Real performance Devices for measuring
Measurements devices
Weather station

Pyranometers Reference cells
Inclinometers Strings measurements Inverters measurement

Input DC Output ac
Transformers
Electrical metering
Theoretical performance Calculation methods
Equipment characteristics

Modules behavior Tracking models

Perfect Optimal
Cabling design Switching, inverter curves Transformers performance curves
Control system strategy and features
PLCs, SCADA, databases
Energy balance reports

18/12/2009 Plant P1 Modules L ne P1-L1 String P1-L1-S1 P1-L1-S2 P1-L1-S3 P1-L1 Radiation 8 KWh 8 KWh 8 KWh 24 KWh Output Measured 1,2 KWh 1,2 KWh 1,2 KWh 3,6 KWh Output Eff. Calculated Eff. Measured Calculated 1,22 KWh 1,22 KWh 1,22 KWh 3,66 Kwh 14% 14% 14% 14% 14,5% 14,5% 14,5% 14,5% Ratio 96,6% 96,6 % 96,6 % 96,6 %
P1-L2
P1-L2-S1 P1-L2-S2 P1-L2-S3 P1-L2
8 KWh 8 KWh 8 KWh 24 KWh
1,2 KWh 0,9 KWh 1,2 KWh 3,3 KWh
1,22 KWh 1,22 KWh 1,22 KWh 3,66 Kwh
14% 11,25% 14% 12,5%
14,5% 14,5% 14,5% 14,5%
96,6 % 77,58% 96,6% 90,26%
P1
--
48 KWh
6,9 KWh
7,32 Kwh
13,78%
14,5%
93,52%
P2
P2-L1
P2-L1-S1 P2-L1-S2
8 KWh 8 KWh
1,2 KWh 1,2 KWh
1,22 KWh 1,22 KWh
14% 14%
14,5% 14,5%
96,6 % 96,6 %
P2-L1-S3
P2-L1
8 KWh
24 KWh
1,1 KWh
3,5 KWh
1,22 KWh
3,66 Kwh
13%
13,64%
14,5%
14,5%
90,11 %
94,35%
P2
--
24 KWh
3,5 KWh
3,66 Kwh
13,64%
14,5%
94,35%
Summary
--
--
72 KWh
10,4 KWh
10,98 Kwh
13,71%
14,5%
93,80%
Power Generation Service Our portfolio
Operation and Maintenance PV
ABB offers technical services and consulting for the plants optimization, providing our professionals experience to the customer for: Inefficiency elimination and out of service limitation Development of customized solutions for:

Costs reduction Productivity and profitability increase Out-of-date units enhancement Residual activity incremented Works in line with regulations Quick intervention Safe and effectiveness The best care for any application (protections, control, supervision, and tele-diagnostics) Environmentally friendly
Asking ABB means granting:

Photovoltaic power Reference Sites
Global power generation ABB delivers EPC / BoS Photovoltaic plants
PV Reference: La Robla, Spain 13.3 MWp in operation since 2010

Customer need

Maximize the performance and reliability of the solar plant Get the plant in operation in 3months
ABB response
Customer: GA Solar Type of Project: ERCAM 1 axis Tracker Turnkey 13,3 MW PV solar plant. Year of Commissioning: 2010

ABB delivers the complete solar plant in consortium with a solar manufacturer ABB applied an efficiency improvement system to maximize the overall performance of the PV solar plant
ABB scope:
Commissioning
Supply: Substation, DC cabinets, AC cabinets, unit transformers, switchgears, equipment housing, system optimization, control and SCADA. Turn key installation, ground & civil works: Inverters, trackers, PV modules, transformers and switchgears, cabinets, housing, system optimization, control, SCADA, security system, cabling, etc
Partner scope: PV modules.
Customer benefit

Reliable and efficient PV solar plant. Performance Ratio (PR) > 80% Optimized operation, control and maintenance of PV solar plant (sun tracking, system optimization, control and protection, etc.) La Robla produces 22.6 GWh per year displaces 11,500 tons of greenhouse gas emissions annually
| Slide 3
Client kept the deadline and qualified for Spanish feed-in tariff for solar plant
PV Reference: La Sugarella, Italy 24.2 MWp in operation since 2010

Customer needs

First class automation and electrical systems Maximize plant performance and reliability
Size: 24.2 MWp, 1 axis tracker Customer: Phenix Renewable ABB Scope: EPC
ABB response

ABB delivers the complete solar plant in consortium with a solar manufacturer ABB applied an efficiency improvement system to maximize the overall performance of the PV solar plant ABB scope:
Year of commissioning:
EPC:2010
Supply: Substation, DC cabinets, AC cabinets, unit transformers, switchgears, equipment housing, system optimization, control and SCADA. Turn key installation, ground & civil works: Inverters, trackers, PV modules, transformers and switchgears, cabinets, housing, system optimization, control, SCADA, security system, cabling, etc
| Slide 4
PV Reference: Spinasanta, Italy 6 MWp, in operation since 2010

Customer needs

First class automation and electrical systems Maximize plant performance and reliability
ABB response
Size: 6 MWp, fixed installation Customer: Actelios Solar ABB Scope: EPC

ABB delivers a complete EPC. ABB applies an efficiency improvement system to maximize the overall performance of the PV solar plant
Year of commissioning:
EPC:2010 Status:
ABB scope: Supply: Panels, structure, inverter centers, DC & AC cabinets, transformers, switchgears, cabling, equipment housing, protection equipment, MV connection line Installation: Panels, structure, inverter centers, DC & AC cabinets, transformers, switchgears, cabling, equipment housing, protection equipment, MV connection line, PV modules electrical connection
Connected to the grid
| Slide 5
ABB solar inverter example cases Bulgaria: 5,88 MWp PV plant
System description

PV plant: 5,88 MWp Application: ground mounted power plant Grid connection: 20 kV Solar modules: poly-csi
Customer: A investor for photovoltaic plants looking for reliable supplier with local presence
Solution 5 pcs of PVS800-MWS-1000-A ABB string monitoring junction boxes ABB monitoring system Commissioning: May 2012
ABB solar inverter example cases UK: 4,99 MWp PV plant
System description

PV plant: 4,99 MWp Application: ground mounted system on an old World War II RAF airfield Grid connection: 33 kV Solar modules: mono-csi, HEE 250 Wp
Customer: Experienced solar developer, builder and operator focused on security, plant efficiency and profitability.
Solution PVS800: 10 x 500 kW ABB integrated inverter and MV components housing ABB switchgear ABB MV main substation Commissioning: July 2011
ABB solar inverter reference cases Slovakia, Sirkovce: 1 MWp PV plant
System description

PV plant: 1 MWp Application: ground mounted power plant Grid connection: MV grid, 22 kV Solar modules: poly-cSi
Customer: Investor wanting reliable supplier with full offering to guarantee return of investment
Solution PVS800: 4 x 250 kW Transformer: ABB, oil Switchgear: ABB Commissioning: Aug 2010
ABB solar inverter example cases Italy, Borgo Montello: 3 MWp PV plant
System description

PV plant: 3 MWp kWp Application: ground mounted power plant Grid connection: MV grid Solar modules: poly-csi
Customer: Investor looking for secured return of investment and one-stop shopping
Solution PVS800: 12 x 250 kW ABB transformer and switchgear ABB Inverter and MV housing ABB monitoring system Commissioning: May 2011
ABB solar inverter example cases Germany: 13,1 MWp PV plant
System description
PV plant: 13,1 MWp section of 91 MWp plant Application: ground mounted power plant Grid connection: 20 kV Solar modules: poly-csi
Customer: a large plant developer and system integrators looking for reliable supplier with rapid response and local presence
Solution 9 pcs of PVS800-MWS-1250kW-20 Skytron monitoring system Commissioning: Dec 2011
System description

PV plant: 2,75 MWp Application: ground mounted power plant Grid connection: MV grid Solar modules: CdTe thinfilm
Customer: Investor looking for secured return of investment
Solution PVS800: 10 x 250 kW Transformer: ABB 2,5 MW Commissioning: Dec 2009
System description

PV plant: 1,2 MWp Application: ground mounted power plant Grid connection: 20 kV Solar modules: poly-csi (Eging PV)
Customer: A system integrator for photovoltaic plants and planning company for large turnkey plants
Solution PVS800-MWS-1000kW-20 Skytron monitoring system Commissioning: May 2011
ABB solar inverter example cases India, Delhi: 1 MWp PV plant
System description

PV plant: 1 MWp Application: warehouse flat roof system Grid connection: MV grid, 11 kV Solar modules: poly-cSi
Customer: Owner of warehouse
Solution PVS800: 4 x 250 kW Commissioning: Oct 2010
ABB solar inverter example cases Italy, Modena: 750 kWp PV plant
System description

PV plant: 750 kWp Application: machinery workshop flat roof Grid connection: MV grid Solar modules: poly-csi
Customer: Owner of mechanical workshop looking for green image and safe return of investment
Solution PVS800: 2 x 250 kW + 100 kW Commissioning: June 2010
ABB solar inverter example cases Taiwan: 238 kWp PV plant
System description

PV plant: 238 kWp Application: factory roof Grid connection: MV grid, 22 kV Solar modules: poly-cSi
Customer: Investor looking for reliable SI with proven components
Solution PVS800: 1 x 250 kW Commissioning: April 2011
ABB solar inverter example cases Taiwan: 475 kWp PV plant
System description

PV plant: 475,2 kWp Application: factory roof Grid connection: MV grid, 22 kV Solar modules: poly-cSi
Solution PVS800: 2 x 250 kW Commissioning: May 2011
ABB solar inverter example cases Thailand: 1,4 MWp PV plant
System description

PV plant: 1,4 MWp Application: ground mounted Grid connection: MV grid, 22 kV Solar modules: a-Si single junction
Solution PVS800: 2 x 500 kW + 250 kW (negative grounding, 1000 Vdc) Solar inverter complete care, 10 years Commissioning: November 2011
ABB solar inverter reference cases Finland, Pitjnmki: 181 kWp PV plant
System description

PV plant: 181 kWp Application: factory flat roof Grid connection: LV grid, 400 V Solar modules: poly-cSi
Customer: Property management of ABB factory in Helsinki
Solution PVS800: 1 x 120 kW PVS300: 7 pcs Commissioning: June 2010
ABB solar inverter reference cases Switzerland: 141 kWp PV plant
System description

PV plant: 141,12 kWp Application: office flat roof Grid connection: LV grid, 230/400 V Solar modules: mono-cSi, 245 Wp
Customer: Local utility investing in green power
Solution PVS300: 15 x 8 kW with power balancing (group of 3 inverters) Remote monitoring with 2 pcs SREA-50 and ABB remote monitoring portal Commissioning: March 2012
ABB solar inverter example cases Sweden: 80 kWp PV plant
System description

PV plant: 80 kWp Application: ground mounted power plant Grid connection: LV grid, 400 V Solar modules: poly-cSi
Customer: Solar educational center
Solution PVS800: 100 kW Transformer: ABB 90 kVA Commissioning: Aug 2009
ABB solar inverter example cases China: 75 kWp PV plant
System description

PV plant: 75 kWp Application: flat roof installation on a factory roof Grid connection: LV grid, 230/400 V Solar modules: poly-cSi, 235 Wp
Customer: Property management of ABB Beijing drives factory and office
Solution Solar inverters:

3 x PVS300: 8 kW PVS800: 100 kW
ABB junction boxes Commissioning: March 2012
ABB solar inverter example cases Germany: 94 kWp PV plant
System description

PV plant: 94 kWp Application: sloping roof system on industrial building Grid connection: LV grid, 400 V Solar modules: poly-cSi, 235 Wp
Customer: Property management of ABB Ladenburg premises
Solution PVS800: 100 kW ABB junction boxes ABB Low voltage transformer dry type 300V/400V AC500 PLC for plant monitoring for Inverter Monitoring Commissioning: December 2011
ABB solar inverter example cases France: 90 kWp PV plant
System description

PV plant: 90 kWp Application: roof-top system on light aircraft hangar Grid connection: LV grid, 230/400 V Solar modules: poly-cSi
Customer: Owner of the light aircraft hangar looking for reliable solar inverters
Solution PVS300: 9 x 8 kW + 3 x 4.6 kW, with power balancing (3 inverters) Commissioning: May 2011
ABB solar inverter example cases Italy: 96 kWp PV plant
System description

PV plant: 96 kWp Application: roof-top system on tilted factory roof Grid connection: LV grid, 230/400 V Solar modules: poly-cSi
Customer: Office furniture factory owner wanting to improve their image and taking advantage of the FIT
Solution PVS300: 12 x 8 kW, with power balancing (3 inverters) Commissioning: January 2012
ABB solar inverter example cases Italy: 82 kWp PV plant
System description

PV plant: 82 kWp Application: roof and canopy for car parking Grid connection: LV grid, 230/400 V Solar modules: poly-cSi
Customer: Property management of ABB Dalmine factory site. The PV plant is part of the activities for reducing the environmental impact of the facility.
Solution PVS300: 9 x 8 kW, with power balancing (3 inverters) Commissioning: March 2012
ABB solar inverter example cases Greece: 72 kWp PV plant
System description

PV plant: 72 kWp Application: office flat roof system Grid connection: LV grid, 230/400 V Solar modules: poly cSi
Customer: Property management of ABB offices in Metamorphossis Athens
Solution PVS300: 9 x 8 kW, with power balancing (3 inverters) ABB plant design, AC distribution panel, AC500 PLC for plant and SREA-50 for inverter monitoring Commissioning: December 2011
ABB solar inverter example cases UK: 50 kWp PV plant
System description

PV plant: 50 kWp Application: clothing factory flat roof system Grid connection: LV grid, 230/400V Solar modules: cSi
Customer: Clothing factory owner looking to improve their image and reduce the net energy cost in longer run
Solution PVS300: 6 x 8 kW, with power balancing (3 inverters) ABB LV ac distribution cabinet with isolator and meter and RCD's also supplied Commissioning: October 2011
ABB solar inverter example cases Argentina: 26 kWp PV plant
System description

PV plant: 26 kWp Application: office flat roof system Grid connection: LV grid, 230/400 V Solar modules: mono - cSi
Customer: ABB real estate office
Solution 3 x PVS300 8 kW Commissioning: June 2011
ABB solar inverter example cases Estonia, Tallinn: 25,2 kWp PV plant
System description

PV plant: 25,2 kWp Application: factory flat roof Grid connection: LV grid, 230 V/400 Solar modules: poly-cSi
Customer: Property management of ABB drives and inverter factory
Solution 3 pcs of PVS300, 8 kW, with power balancing (3 inverters) SREA monitoring system Commissioning: September 2011
ABB solar inverter example cases India, Bangalore: 10 kW kWp PV plant
System description

PV plant: 10 kWp Application: ground mounted special rack installation Grid connection: LV grid, 230/400 V Solar modules: poly-cSi
Customer: Property management of ABB drives
Solution 3 pcs of PVS300, 3,3 kW, with power balancing (3 inverters) Commissioning: June 2011
ABB solar inverter example cases Taiwan: 9,68 kWp PV plant
System description

PV plant: 9,68 kWp Application: sloping roof system on office building Grid connection: LV grid, 230/400 V Solar modules: cSi
Customer: Company investing on solar for green image
Solution PVS300: 3 x 3,3 kW, with power balancing (3 inverters) Commissioning: November 2011
ABB solar inverter example cases Belgium: 4,59 kWp PV plant
System description

PV plant: 4,59 kWp Application: roof-top system on single family house Grid connection: LV grid, 230 V Solar modules: cSi, 18 x 255 Wp
Customer: Private single family house owner
Solution PVS300: 1 pcs 4,6 kW Commissioning: November 2011
ABB solar inverter example cases Italy: 4,6 kWp PV plant
System description

PV plant: 4,6 kWp Application: roof-top system on single family house Grid connection: LV grid, 230 V Solar modules: cSi
Customer: Private single family house owner
Solution PVS300: 1 pcs 4 kW Commissioning: January 2012

Solar Power Plants From Abb We Make Solar Power Reliable and Affordable

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Steve Hsu, Business Development Manager, 2012-10-26

ABB Group October 15, 2012 | Slide 2

Power and productivity for a better world ABBs vision

ABB Group October 15, 2012 | Slide 3

How ABB is organized Five global divisions

Power Products $10.9 billion 36,000 employees

Power Systems $8.1 billion 20,000 employees

Discrete Automation and Motion $8.8 billion 29,000 employees

Low Voltage Products $7.7 billion 31,000 employees

Process Automation $8.3 billion 28,000 employees

ABBs portfolio covers:

ABB Group October 15, 2012 | Slide 4

CPV power plants

Cost effective direct steam generation

ABB Group Month DD, Year

CPV power plants

Utility scale power plant from 50 MW to 250 MW

Utility scale power plant 1 to 50 MW Dezentralized power plants from 100 kW

Dispatchable energy from plant with thermal storage

Solar resource: high DNI area

Solar resource: all level of global irradiation

ABB Group Month DD, Year

Photovoltaic power Integrated solution

ABB Group October 15, 2012 | Slide 7

PV: offered scope Clients requirement defines ABBs scope

Transformat ion center

Automation, monitoring and remote control

Integrated plant design, and yield calculation

Turnkey solution project management, site management, H&S, quality control

Turnkey ABB Power electronics ABB Balance of system ABB

ABB Group Month DD, Year

Photovoltaic power Standard PV plants components & ABB portfolio associated

ABB Group October 15, 2012 | Slide 11

Standard plant and ABB portfolio Typical layout of a PV solar plant

VISTA EN PLANTA DE PARQUE SOLAR 2MW

ABB Group October 15, 2012 | Slide 12

Standard plant and ABB portfolio

ABB Group October 15, 2012 | Slide 13

Standard plant and ABB portfolio

Solar energy optimization

Installation, erection and commissioning. Integrators alliance

ABB Group October 15, 2012 | Slide 14

Photovoltaic power The Evolution of PV Interconnection Requirements

ABB Group October 15, 2012 | Slide 15

PV standards a look to Europe

Static active power limitation (curtailment) Dynamic active power reduction

Low Voltage Ride Through (LVRT)

ABB Group October 15, 2012 | Slide 17

Grid interconnection - USA

ABB Group October 15, 2012 | Slide 18

Grid interconnection - USA

ABB Group October 15, 2012 | Slide 19

Grid interconnection - USA

ABB Group October 15, 2012 | Slide 20

ABB Center Inverters PVS800 Overview (1)

ABB Group October 15, 2012 | Slide 22

ABB Center Inverters PVS800 Overview (2)

ABB Group October 15, 2012 | Slide 23

ABB megawatt station PVS800-MWS

ABB junction box with monitoring PVS-JB-8-M

ABB junction box with monitoring

ABB junction box with monitoring Block Diagram

Solar Array 1.1