Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
Year 2002
Aurindam Ghatak
University of Pennsylvania
University of Pennsylvania
Claire Pinto
University of Pennsylvania
Authors:
Calvin daRosa
Aurindam Ghatak
Claire Pinto
Faculty Advisor
April 9, 2002
University of Pennsylvania
/,.,
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09 April 2002
Dr. John Vohs
Prof. Leonard Fabiano
Department of Chemical Engineering
University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, P A 19104
Enclosed in this report is the completed economic analysis of our proposed process. The
process is designed to produce and recover acetaldehyde at high purity from acetic acid.
This process design recovers 12,818 lblhr of acetaldehyde by extractive distillation at
99.6 % weight purity. A second commodity chemical, ethyl acetate, is produced as a
byproduct in this process and is purified by a series of distillation columns. Ethyl acetate
is produced at a rate of 1,139 lblhr and purity of 99.6 weight percent.
Capital cost estimations and profitability analysis have been completed for our process.
Financial modeling of our process assuming the price of acetic acid to be 0.16/lb yielded
an Investors Rate of Return (IRR) of 11.4 % and a Total Capital Investment (TCI) of
$47,242,990. This scenario is not economically feasible. However, when the price of
acetic acid is taken to be $0.12/lb, the IRR and TCI are 18.5 % and $47,224,990
respectively. In the light of that fact that the possible legislation ofMTBE out of gasoline
might make this process more economically attractive, the group recommends further
research into the feasibility of such a plant and the possible future construction of the
facility given the realization of the second scenario.
Sincerely,
~0?d4--Calvin P. daRosa
Aurindam K. Ghatak
{)jJaU~~
CO'
Claire L. Pinto
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Condensers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Tanks . . .. . .................................................. 67
Equipment Cost Summary......... . ..... . ..... ...... . .. . .. . ...... . .... . ... . ........ 135
Fixed-Capital Investment Summary.................... ...... . ..... ... ... .... . .... 137
Important Considerations ...... , .... . ... . .. . .... .. ... '" .... .. ..... . ..... . .. ........ .141
Operating Cost and Economic Analysis ................. ...... . ..... .......... .. . 145
Bibliography.... ........ , .. .. ..... . ....... . .......... . , ...... . .... .. ... ....... . ....... 162
Appendix A: Unit Cost Calculations . . ........ ... ..... .. .... . ..... . ..... ...... . .. .163
Appendix B: Utility Cost Calculations ... .. .................... . ... .... .......... .201
Appendix C: Aspen Plus Results ... . ... . .... . . .. ........ .. ... . ... . ........ . ..... ...207
Appendix D: Problem Statement. ... . .......... . ........... .. ........... ....... .... 269
Appendix E: Patent. .... . ....................... .. ... . ..... . , ..... ............. , ..... .273
Abstract
Our group has designed a process to manufacture 101,520,000 lb/yr of
acetaldehyde by hydrogenation ofacetic acid over a 20% wt. palladium on iron oxide
catalyst. The reaction conditions used are the optimum according to a patent filed by
Eastman Chemical (Tustin, et.al., U.S . Patent No. 6,121,498): temperature is range is
from 557-599 of at a pressure of254 psi. The conversion of acetic acid in the reactor is
46 %, with selectivity of 86% to acetaldehyde. Major by-products are ethanol, acetone,
carbon dioxide, and the light hydrocarbons methane, ethane, and ethylene. Acetaldehyde
is purified in a series of steps: it is first absorbed with an acetic-acid rich solvent, then
distilled to separate acetaldehyde from heavier components. A refrigerated condenser is
then used to recover additional acetaldehyde from the vapor distillate of the main
separation. Acetic acid is purified and recycled to the reactor to limit the amount of
feedstock required. Ethyl acetate is produced as a by-product in the acetaldehyde
distillation column and is purified and sold.
The economics of the process is strongly dependent on the price of acetic acid,
and we examined scenarios under which acetic acid was available at either $0.16/Ib or
$0.12/Ib. The total capital investment in either situation is approximately $47,000,000.
If acetic acid is available at $0. 16/1b, we estimate an IRR of 11.3 %, but if acetic acid can
be purchased for $0.12/Ib the IRR is 18.5% after 20 years. It is our recommendation to
pursue more research into projecting both the cost of acetic acid and the market for
acetaldehyde. If acetic acid will be available at the lower price, the company should
pursue production of acetaldehyde.
Introduction
The main product manufactured in this process is acetaldehyde. Acetaldehyde
was chosen as the primary product because of its wide use in industry and the
profitability of its sale as a chemical of given purity. In addition to acetaldehyde, ethyl
acetate is produced as a side product. Table 1 below shows basic chemical information
concerning the products.
Table 1: P
Synonym
Molecular Formula
Molecular Weight
CAS No.
Melting point
Boiling point
Density
f
f
duct
Acetaldehyde
(grimary product)
Ethanal
C 2H 4O
44.05
75-07-0
-190.3 OF
69.6 OF
0.6149 g/cm J
-
Ethyl Acetate
{side product)
Acetic acid ethyl ester
CH 3COOC 2H s
88.0
141-78-6
-117 OF
171F
1.108 g/cm J
I. Uses
Acetaldehyde is primarily used in industry as a chemical intermediate, principally for
the production of pyridine and pyridine bases, peracetic acid, pentaerithritol, butylene
glycol and chloral. It is used in the production of esters, particularly ethyl acetate and
isobutyl acetate (lARC V.36 1985; Chern. Prod. Synopsis, 1985). It is also used in the
synthesis of crotonaldehyde as well as flavor and fragrance acetals, acetaldehyde 1,1
dimethylhydrazone, acetaldehyde cyanohydrin, acetaldehyde oxime and various acetic
esters, paraldehyde halogenated derivatives (lARC V.36, 1985). Acetaldehyde has been
used in the manufacture of aniline dyes and synthetic rubber, to silver mirrors and to
harden gelatin fibers (Merck, 1989). It has been used in the production of polyvinyl acetal
resins, in fuel compositions and to inhibit mold growth on leather (lARC V.36, 1985).
Acetaldehyde is also used in the manufacture of disinfectants, drugs, perfumes,
explosives, lacquers and varnishes, photographic chemicals, phenolic and urea resins,
rubber accelerators and antioxidants, and room air deodorizers; acetaldehyde is a
pesticide intermediate (Sittig, 1985; Gosselin, 1984).
Acetaldehyde, an alcohol denaturant, is a GRAS (generally recognized as safe)
compound for the intended use as a flavoring agent (Furia and Bellanca, 1975; HSDB,
1997). It is an important component of food flavorings added to milk products, baked
goods, fruit juices, candy, desserts, and soft drinks. In 1976, approximately 19,000 Ib of
acetaldehyde were used as food additives, primarily as fruit and fish preservatives and as
a synthetic flavoring agent to impart orange, apple and butter flavors.
Ethyl acetate, the side product of this process, is widely used in printing inks, paints
and coatings, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, laminations and flexible packaging.
II. Production
i.
Acetaldehyde was first produced commercially in the United States in 1916. U.S.
Production of acetaldehyde reached its peak in 1969 at approximately 1.65 billion lb
(lARC V.36, 1985). There has been an overall decline in the demand for acetaldehyde
due to the use of more economical starting materials for principal derivatives and a lower
demand for some acetal derivatives (Chern. Prod., 1985). However, in recent times due to
a decline in the number of suppliers and an increase in potential U.S. acetaldehyde
exports, there is a vast potential for profitability in manufacturing acetaldehyde. In 1985,
estimated U.S. exports of acetaldehyde were 1.2 billion lb (Chemical Products Synopsis,
1985).
ii.
Acetaldehyde can be made commercially via the Wacker process, the partial
oxidation of ethylene. The major disadvantage of that process is that it is very corrosive
requiring very expensive materials of construction. Another major disadvantage is that
the reaction is prone to over-oxidation of the ingredient, the products of which are
thermodynamically more stable than acetaldehyde which is the partial oxidation product.
This over oxidation of the ingredient reduces the yield of acetaldehyde produced and
converts expensive ethylene into carbon oxides (Tustin, et al.).
Acetaldehyde is also manufactured by oxidizing ethanol using air. A mixture of
air and ethanol vapor is fed into a multi-tubular reactor. Temperature is maintained
between 750-932 of (400-500 C), and the pressure at 29.4 psi. The catalyst used is
chromium activated copper. Vapor coming out of the reactor is passed through a scrubber
and unreacted ethanol is separated and recycled. However, this process gives a relatively
poor yield of acetaldehyde
The process investigated in this report converts acetic acid into acetaldehyde.
Acetic acid is relatively inexpensive and is available at $0.12-$0.16/lb. It can be
generated from inexpensive methanol. Due to the possible legislation ofMTBE out of
gasoline, there may be a worldwide glut of methanol, so any chemicals that use methanol
may become much more economically attractive. That is why acetic acid is our starting
material of choice.
The catalyst used in this process is 20% palladium on an iron oxide support. This
catalyst gives a selectivity of 86% to the desired reaction at 46% acetic acid conversion.
Though this process can also be effectively catalyzed by mercury compounds, the toxic
nature of mercury makes it unfeasible.
iii.
The reaction is carried out in a packed bed reactor at a temperature range between
557 and 599 of. The following reactions occur in the reactor:
CH)COOH + H2 -> CH)CHO + H 20 (main reaction)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Under reaction conditions, the selectivity to reaction (1) is 86%. This facilitates a good
yield of acetaldehyde and further justifies the cost of the reactor conditions. The product
is then passed through an absorber and then separated as the distillate using a fractional
distillation column. The following reaction occurs in the distillation column to produce
ethyl acetate:
CH)COOH + CH 3CH20H -> CH3COOCH2CH3 + H 20
(5)
10
The Gulf Coast is the location of choice for this plant. This is primarily due the region
being an industrial belt. As a consequence, storage facilities as well as raw materials are
readily available and cheap. As mentioned in the problem statement, due to this choice of
location, it is assumed that hydrogen can be purchased over the plant fence for $0.50Ilb at
200 psig. Additionally, the prices of utilities are relatively inexpensive. Natural gas is
available at $2.30IMMBTU, cooling water is purchased at $0.33IMGal and steam at 35
psi at $2.46IMLbs.
11
risk of exposure need to be worn. Decontamination facilities such as eye bath, washing
facilities and safety shower must be provided.
Ethyl acetate, on the other hand, is not subject to EPA emergency planning
requirements under the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA) (Title
III) in 42 USC 11022. However, ethyl acetate is an irritant of the eyes and upper
respiratory tract at concentrations above 400 ppm [NLM 1992]. Ethyl acetate
occasionally causes sensitization, with inflammation of the mucous membranes and
eczema of the skin [Hathaway et al. 1991]. As a consequence, ethyl acetate is stored in a
cool, dry, well-ventilated area in tightly sealed containers. Splash-proof chemical safety
goggles or face shields and coveralls should be worn during any operation involving
potential exposure to ethyl acetate.
12
PURGE2
TO
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~
:s::
.....
JJ
LEGENDS
9
Y
Temperature
Pressure
;, FEED TODC-SOO)
F-230
LEGENDS
OFFGAS
Temperature
Pressure
COOLANT
"
iY2
GJ
HAC PRODUCT2
DC-10
HAC PRODUCT1
...l-
SOLVENT FOR
AB-320
40
TO P-620
28
STEAM __
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cw
~
~
~
u.
y
y
LEGENDS
STEAM
-~
Temperature
Pressure
~WASTEWATER
MATERIAL BALANCE
<f
Item Number:
S-101
Temperature (oF)
Pressure (psia)
Total Mass Flow (Ib/hr)
Components (Ib/hr):
HYDROGEN
CO2
METHANE
ETHYLENE
ETHANE
ACETALD
ACETONE
ETHYLACE
ETHANOL
WATER
HOAC
77
14.7
21,447.80
S-102
263.2
20.1
438.03
S-103
369.9
98 .6
20,743.76
trace
trace
21,447.80
trace
trace
1.47
< 0.001
0.001
436.55
trace
0.006
0.016
< 0.001
366.13
20,377 .61
S-103b
S-104
369.9
238
98 .6
14.7
20,686 .08 42,571.91
trace
trace
trace
trace
trace
trace
0.006
0.006
0.016
1.49
< 0.001
0.001
365.11
365.11
20,320.95 42,205.31
S-201
241 .9
263 .0
42,571 .91
trace
trace
trace
0.006
1.49
0.001
365.11
42,205.31
S-202
930.46
0.36
16.94
835.12
0.23
14.09
835 .12
0.23
14.09
947.66
0.40
19.33
960 .79
0.43
20.47
S-204
S-205
280.10
464.7
477.6
599
245 .9
255.0
254.8
252.0
20,783.29 42,571.91 20,402.42 62,974.33
2,339 .05
trace
1,790.54
trace
516.52
302.49
303 .96
4,445.69
trace
219.70
0.006
299.41
1.49
254 .71
0.001
2,376.36
365 .11
7,934.87 42,205 .31
6.35
0.02
1,073.48
1.12
27 .04
S-203
28.80
0.016
7,781.47 7,781.47
5,137.53 5,137 .53
1,495.12 1,495.12
855.34
855.34
855.42
855.42
621.46
621.46
285.40
285.40
906.51
908 .00
17.25
17.25
933.97 1,299.08
1,512.96 43,718 .26
2.10
0.015
726.98
0.17
6.81
-
Item Number:
..J
Temperature (oF)
Pressure (psia)
Total Mass Flow (Ib/hr)
Components (Ib/hr):
HYDROGEN
CO2
METHANE
ETHYLENE
ETHANE
ACETALD
ACETONE
ETHYLACE
ETHANOL
WATER
HOAC
*** VAPOR PHA5E ***
Density kg/cum
Viscosity cP
*** LIQUID PHA5E ***
Density kg/cum
Viscosity cP
5urface Ten dyne/cm
5206
5206a
5206b
5207
5208
5301
5302
5303
5304
5305
556.8
556.8
250.9
250.9
62,977.88 42,195.18
556.8
250 .9
20,782 .70
202.6
268
262 .8
245.92
20,402.42 42,195.18
280.1
245.7
62,979.67
113
113
159.2
126.4
244.7
244.7
235.0
234 .9
62,979 .67 23,469.70 62,277.91 65,870.50
2,339.05
1,790.54
516.52
302.48
303 .96
4,444.64
219.77
299.65
254.71
2,376.51
7,934 .86
7,781.47 4,748.99
5,137.53 3,635.35
1,495.12 1,048.68
855 .34
614.13
855.42
617.13
621.46 9,023.96
285.40
446 .20
906.51
608 .38
17.25
517.15
933.97 4,825.03
1,512.96 16,110.18
7,088.04
5,425.88
1,565.20
916.63
921.10
13,471 .78
665.76
907.31
771 .84
7,201 .08
24,045.05
7,088.04
5,425.88
1,565.20
916.63
921.10
13,471.78
665.76
907.31
771.84
7,201.08
24,045.05
6.34
0.015
6.34
0.015
4.69
0.02
4,685.00
0.02
4.69
0.02
2.83
0.012
5.90
0.015
869.51
0.28
26 .59
7,088.02
trace
0.02
5,328.15
trace
122.96
1,543.27
trace
28.45
893.76
trace
27.13
898.61
trace
31 .92
6,792.88
6.47 6,167.54
119.04
785.89
615.79
126.56 2,775.68 1,983.88
33.52
110.70
126.75
266.36 13,552.93 12,873.06
379.53 45,046.25 43,892.99
3.74
0.012
944.18
941.97
0.49
0.55
42.46 L...... 42.39
Item Number:
.g
Temperature (oF)
Pressure (psia)
Total Mass Flow (Ib/hr)
Components (Ib/hr):
HYDROGEN
CO2
METHANE
ETHYLENE
ETHANE
ACETALD
ACETONE
ETHYLACE
ETHANOL
WATER
HOAC
5-306
5-401
159.4
113
244 .7
233.5
39,509.77 19,877.11
0.02
97.73
21.93
22.87
22.49
6,677.43
546.90
781 .38
738.33
6,935.17
23,665.52
7,088.00
5,205.19
1,514.82
866 .63
866.69
631.81 .
289.14
918 .35
17.47
946.23
1,532.78
2.85
0.012
5-401a
5-402
5-501
5-501 a
5-502
5-503
5-504
121 .8
101.8
77
152.3
120.9
214.7
43 .5
212.7
229.9
32.0
785.61 20,404.31 105,380.47 105,379.58 10,354.66
98.3
30.1
2,463.56
101.81
32 .0,
2,885.40
6,995.85
5,137 .53
1,495.13
855 .36
855.42
623.59
285.38
906.41
17.24
933 .93
1,512 .85
785.61
trace
1.30
0.54
1.88
1.09
2,455.29
trace
0.04
215.16
47 .99
41 .93
49 .63
2,527.19
trace
trace
trace
3.46
trace
2.85
0.012
1.19
0.009
159.4
233.0
19,618.71
5-403
7,781.46
5,137.53
1,495.13
855.36
855.42
623 .59
285.38
906.41
17.24
933.93
1,512.85
0.04
220.69
50.38
50 .01
54.41
12,846.44
1,162.51
2,764.63
865.07
19,807.78
67,558 .51
0.04
trace
220.69
5.53
50.38
2.39
50.00
8.07
54.41
4.78
12,843.29 10,306.52
1,162.71
trace
2,765.36
trace
865.08
trace
19,808.00
27.372
67,559.63
trace
2.48
0.012
3.48
0.012
2.48
0.013
936.37
0.56
41 .92
935.77
0.55
41.85
3.456
3.71
0.0098
Density kg/cum
Viscosity cP
Surface Ten dyne/cm
926.34
0.56
41 .01
747.63
0.19
18.96
750.34
0.19
19.10
Item Number:
::0
Temperature (oF)
Pressure (psia)
Total Mass Flow (Ib/hr)
Components (Ib/hr):
HYDROGEN
CO2
METHANE
ETHYLENE
ETHANE
ACETALD
ACETONE
ETHYLACE
ETHANOL
WATER
HOAC
*** VAPOR PHASE ***
Density
kg/cum
Viscosity cP
*** LIQUID PHASE ***
Density
kg/cum
Viscosity cP
Surface Ten dyne/cm
5-505
5-506
10
262 .7
28.0
37.8
421 .84 92,139.53
0.041
213.86
47.45
40.05
48.54
71.90
trace
< 0.001
5 -506a
5 -507
5-601
5-602
5-603
5 -604
5 -701
5-702
262 .6
37 .8
62,277 .57
158
262 .7
31.8
37 .8
62,277 .91 29,861 .62
263.2
100.0
29,861.62
117.5
118.1
275.2
35.0
98 .0
95.0
22,326 .31 22,326.31 31,444 .17
182.5
40 .0
5,111 .13
trace
trace
trace
trace
trace
9.57
1,162.71
4,106.58
163.78
20,051.42
66,645.46
trace
trace
trace
trace
trace
4.87
785.95
2,775.97
110.71
13,553.36
45,046.71
trace
trace
trace
trace
trace
trace
trace
trace
trace
trace
6.47
3.10
785.89
376.83
2,775.68
1,330.91
110.70
53 .08
13,552 .93
6,498.49
45,046.25 21,599 .21
trace
trace
trace
trace
trace
3.10
376.83
1,330.91
53.08
6,498.49
21,599.21
< 0.001
trace
< 0.001
trace
868.23
0.27
34.14
868 .12
0 .27
34 .23
< 0.001
. trace
< 0.001
trace
17.83
17.83
20.93
1,598.79 1,598.79 1,975.61
17,200.99 17,200.99 18,531 .88
110.58
110.58
163.66
1,746.22 1,746.22 7,878.58
1,651.91
1,651.91
2,873 .51
4.82
487.45
4,044 .88
31.88
540 .20
1.90
3.05
0.011
945 .04
0.49
42 .56
868.23
0.27
34.14
867.80
0.27
34 .10
895.15
0.41
34 .16
894.70
0.41
34 .11
784 .92
834 .37
0.27
32.29
Item Number:
Temperature (oF)
Pressure (psia)
Total Mass Flow (Ib/hr)
Components (Ib/hr):
HYDROGEN
CO2
METHANE
ETHYLENE
ETHANE
ACETALD
ACETONE
ETHYLACE
ETHANOL
WATER
HOAC
5-703
5-704
214 .1
113
36 .0
39 .0
36,555.16 36,555.16
< 0.001
trace
< 0.001
trace
5-705
5-706
182.3
24 .7
5,111.13
181.9
25.0
4,356.10
< 0.001
trace
< 0.001
trace
5-707
184.3
24 .9
755 .20
trace
5-801
5-802
5-803
5-804
117.5
35.5
8,295.16
259.4
35 .0
2,161 .83
234.1
27.4
9,262 .68
182.1
25.0
1,194.31
trace
trace
5-805
167.6
22 .0
439 .28
trace
I
25.83
25.83
2,463 .10 2,463.10
22,576.48 22,576.48
195.55
195.55
8,418 .79 8,418.79
2,875.41 2,875.41
5.02
0.011
834 .76
0.25
40.45
4.82
487.45
4,044.88
31.88
540.20
1.90
4.66
424 .01
3,434.98
29 .15
462.28
1.02
0.17
63 .50
610 .00
2.74
77.92
0.88
3.63
439 .38
803 .75
55 .58
6,208 .52
784 .29
2,161.83
0.32
145.94
19.51
50.45
8,263 .04
783.42
1.33
0.014
910 .22
0.50
48.51
834 .57
0.27
32 .31
834.49
0.27
32 .37
835.00
0.26
31 .98
943 .08
0.57
64 .57
891 .97
0.25
54.45
3.31
293.44
784 .24
5.13
107.31
0.88
3.16
229 .99
174.35
2.39
29.39
trace
3.56
0.01
3.08
0.0096
Item Number:
t:
Temperature (oF)
Pressure (psia)
Total Mass Flow (Ib/hr)
Components (Ib/hr) :
HYDROGEN
CO2
METHANE
ETHYLENE
ETHANE
ACETALD
ACETONE
ETHYLACE
ETHANOL
WATER
HOAC
*** VAPOR PHASE ***
Density
kg/cum
Viscosity cP
*** LIQUID PHASE ***
Density
kg/cum
Viscosity cP
Surface Ten dyne/cm
5-901
5-901a
5-902
117.5
35.0
5,933.43
221
28 .0
1,577.33
trace
< 0.001
trace
trace
trace
3.16
229.99
174.35
2.39
29.39
trace
4.66
424.90
4,571.37
29.39
464.07
439.05
< 0.001
0.89
1,136.39
0.24
1.79
438.03
< 0.001
0 .89
1,134.92
0.24
1.79
1.48
895.16
0.41
34.16
853.48
0.26
16.21
838.96
0 .25
17.39
167.6
22 .0
439.28
5-903
175
16.0
1,139.31
3.08
0.0096
22
Process Description
1. Reaction Section
The feedstocks for the reaction of interest are acetic acid and hydrogen.
Hydrogen gas is available at 200 psig, and the acetic is available as a liquid. We assumed
both starting materials to be at 77 OF. These starting materials are each mixed with
recycle streams composed primarily of the respective reactant before proceeding to the
reactor. The pure acetic acid feed stream S-101 is combined with recycle streams S-102
and S-1 03, which originated at the ethyl acetate distillation column DC-91 0 and the
acetic acid distillation column DC-61 0, respectively. In preparation for the high
pressures required for reaction, the acetic acid feed is pumped to 263 psi by the acetic
acid feed pump, P-110 (see Unit Description on p. 54). The pure hydrogen feed, S-402,
is mixed with the mostly-hydrogen recycle stream S-40 1, and this combined stream is
compressed from 213 psi to 263 psi in the compressor CP-410 (see Unit Description on p.
40). This is a very expensive part of the process because of the price of both the
. compressor itself and the high electricity requirement.
The combined acetic acid stream S-201 is passed through heat exchanger HX-200
(see Unit Description on p. 50), where hot reactor effluent in stream S-206b, heats the
acetic acid from a liquid at 242 OF to a partial vapor at 465 OF. In the process, the reactor
effluent is cooled to its dew point of280 OF. A different portion of the reactor effluent,
stream S-206a, is used to heat the hydrogen feed S-207 from 203 OF to 478 OF in the heat
exchanger HX-21 0 (see Unit Description on p. 51). The cooled reactor effluent S-208
exiting HX-21O is also at its dew point of280 OF and 246 psi, this was done for ease of
mixing when two reactor effluent streams are reunited. The hot acetic acid and hydrogen
23
streams, S-203 and S-204 respectively, are both fed to the fired heater F-230 (see Unit
Description on p. 49), which raises their temperature to 599F. Optimal reaction
conditions occur at approximately 570 of, but the reaction is endothermic, so heat would
have to be supplied in order to maintain a constant temperature. Instead, we decided to
heat the reactants to a higher temperature rather than attempt to insulate the reactor. The
feed temperature of 599 of is well within the range of suggested temperatures for this
reaction (Testin, et al.). F-230 is designed to operate on natural gas, but waste material
streams OFFGAS and ACETONE WASTE are rich in hydrogen and hydrocarbons and
are also burned in F-230. These streams are used to furnish 8,547,300 Btu/hr of the
15,291,600 Btu/hr required to operate the furnace . More energy could be taken from
these streams as well as the purge streams, but limiting the amount of energy derived
from waste streams to approximately 55% makes controlling the heating rate of the
furnace more reliable. Any portion ofthese streams that is not used in the furnace is sent
to the flare stack to be burned.
The reactor RX-240 (see Unit Description on p. 59) is a cylindrical vessel
containing a packed bed of20% wt. Pd- Fe203 catalyst pellets. In order to ensure the
proper oxidation state for the desired conversion, the hydrogen and acetic acid are fed in
a 5/1 molar ratio. Conversion of acetic acid is only 46 %; this is in order to improve the
selectivity to acetaldehyde, which is 86 % under the given conditions. Side products
formed in the reactor include ethanol, acetone, carbon dioxide, and light hydrocarbons.
The reactor effluent S-206 is at 557F, and contains, by mass, 11 % hydrogen, 21 %
acetaldehyde, and 38 % acetic acid.
24
2. Acetaldehyde Purification
The reactor effluent S-206 is then split into two streams and used to preheat the
acetic acid and hydrogen feeds. It is split instead of passing sequentially into the heat
exchangers so that both the hydrogen and acetic acid feeds can be heated to higher
temperatures. After passing through the heat exchangers, the temperature of the
combined stream is 280 of, its dew point. This is hot enough to supply energy
sequentially to the reboilers of the azeotropic distillation column (DC-900) and the
acetone waste column (DC-81 0), but the amount of steam and cooling water utilities
saved would not counteract the need to move the hot fluid over long distances and the
associated control complications.
After passing through the acetic acid heat exchanger HX-200 and the hydrogen
heat exchanger HX -210, the separate reactor effluent streams are mixed together, forming
stream S-301. This stream must be cooled further in order to achieve high recovery in the
absorber column; cooling water is used to cool the stream to 113 of in HX-300 (see Unit
Description on p. 51). This partially condenses the stream, and the cool effluent, S-302 is
fed to the flash vessel FV -310 (see Unit Description on p. 50) to separate the liquid and
vapor phases. Only the vapor stream S-303 exiting the flash vessel is sent to the absorber
AB-320 (see Unit Description on p. 39), which it enters on the bottom stage. The solvent
fed to the top stage of the absorber is the acetic acid-rich bottoms product from
acetaldehyde distillation column DC-500 (see Unit Description on p. 44). Under the
conditions of high pressure (the top stage operates at 233.5 psi), this solvent
preferentially absorbs the acetaldehyde, allowing hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and other
25
light materials to escape: 85 % of the acetaldehyde is recovered, but only 3.5% of the
ethane (the next-heaviest component) is recovered.
The amount of material recycled to the absorber is an important variable in the
economics of the process. As the recycle amount increases, the recovery of acetaldehyde
increases, but at the expense of larger diameters for both the absorber and the distillation
column, as well as a more difficult separation of the acetaldehyde from the water and
acetic acid. The selected solvent recycle allows recovery of 95% of the acetaldehyde,
while also leaving a feasible separation and relatively low column costs. The pressure of
the absorber is also as high as possible in order to improve acetaldehyde recover and limit
the amount of work the compressor CP-410 must do. The mainly-hydrogen vapor exiting
AB-320 is recycled to the reactor, with a 1.3% purge taken to prevent excessive buildup
of light components. This purge stream PURGE2 is burned in the flare stack. The
bottoms product from the absorber, S-305, is combined with S-306, the liquid exiting the
flash vessel FV-310. S-305 and S-306 contain 10% and 17% acetaldehyde by mass,
respectively. At the time of mixing, the pressure is still high, 230 psi. The combined
stream S-50 1 is passed through a valve to reduce the pressure to 43 psi before being fed
to the acetaldehyde distillation column DC-500.
Design of the distillation column to recover acetaldehyde was complicated by
several factors. The boiling point of acetaldehyde at atmospheric pressure is 70 OF, so it
is preferred to keep the pressure elevated to reduce the need for refrigerants to condense
the vapor. However, acetaldehyde fonns an azeotrope with water at pressures higher
than 30 psi, and this becomes more water-rich with increasing pressure. In addition, the
presence oflight components such as carbon dioxide and methane require adjustments to
26
be made in the distillation. First, they lower the boiling point ofthe mixture further,
making it more difficult to use cooling water to condense the distillate. Second, their
concentration is high enough that even if the acetaldehyde is completely separated from
the heavier components, its purity will still be only 97.2% wt., which is not high enough
to be sold. Thus, this column requires a partial condenser with both liquid and vapor
distillate: the liquid is taken as the acetaldehyde product, while the vapor distillate is fed
to another column where additional acetaldehyde can be removed from the lighter
components. Several alternatives were considered before choosing to operate the
condenser at 32 psi. Since the liquid-liquid separation of acetaldehyde and water actually
increases with temperature, one alternative examined carrying the high pressure from the
absorber into the distillation column, then allowing the two liquid phases to separate in a
decanter. This method did not produce acetaldehyde at the required purity, was difficult
to control, and required very high reboiler temperatures. A second alternative involved
using the main column as selected, but also adding an absorbing column, in which the
acetic acid-rich bottoms product would be used to absorb acetaldehyde. This did not
produce sufficient separation, and the added flow into the distillation column increased
the column's cost.
The selected design involves operating the condenser of the acetaldehyde
distillation column at 32 psi. The distillate vapor fraction was varied to keep the
temperature of the distillate at 102 OF, which can be cooled using cooling water. The
liquid product, HAC PRODUCT, contains 10,355 Iblhr (82,012,000 Ib/yr) of99.5% wt
acetaldehyde. The vapor distillate S-504 is 22 % by mole of the total distillate and
contains 2,527 Iblhr of acetaldehyde. Since this is a significant portion of the product, it
27
was necessary to recover as much of this stream as possible. The vapor distillate is then
sent to the bottom stage of a small secondary column, DC-51 0 (see Unit Description on
p. 46), which has a refrigerated condenser at 10 of. A second product stream, HAC
PRODUCT, exits the bottom stage ofDC-510 and contains 24641blhr (19,515,000 lb/yr)
of99.7 wt% acetaldehyde. Sixty tons of refrigeration is required at the condenser, and
because of the temperature of 10F is fairly moderate, this can be provided by an
ammonia absorption system RF-520 (see Unit Description on p. 64). Decreasing the
temperature further would increase the yield of acetaldehyde, but at the expense of more
expensive equipment and a larger heat duty. In this design, 71.9 Iblhr (569,000 lb/yr) of
acetaldehyde is lost to the stream OFFGAS . This stream, with its high levels of methane,
ethane, and ethylene is burned in the fired heater, F-230, to reduce natural gas costs.
The acetaldehyde distillation column is also the location of an esterification
reaction between ethanol and acetic acid, which forms ethyl acetate and water.
Equilibrium for this reaction is achieved wherever acetic acid and ethanol are present
together, but for the purposes of this design, it was assumed this reaction occurs only in
the bottom stage ofDC-500, where the high temperatures and the presence of acetic acid
and ethanol in the liquid phase especially favor this reaction. When equilibrium is
reached, over 80% of the ethanol has been reacted. The presence of ethyl acetate is very
important in the acetic acid separations section of the process, where ethyl-acetate forms
an azeotrope with water, easing the separation of water from acetic acid. The bottoms
product S-506 from the acetaldehyde distillation column is split, with part proceeding to
the acetic acid separation sequence, and the remainder being cooled by cooling water in
the heat exchanger HX-530 (see Unit Description on p. 52) and then recycled to the top
28
stage of the absorber AB-320, where it acts as the solvent to preferentially absorb
acetaldehyde.
3.
The main goal of the acetic acid separation column DC-610 (see Unit Description on
p. 46) is to obtain a pure stream of acetic acid, which can be recycled to the reactor feed.
The reasons for this are twofold. The primary reason is that the high cost of acetic acid
makes it economically feasible for us to reuse the unreacted acetic acid rather than
dispose of it. This is particularly relevant because of the low conversion in the reactor,
which results in a significant amount of unreacted acetic acid in the system. The second
reason is that acetic acid is an impurity in water and its substantial presence in the
wasteYv'ater stream will increase costs of wastewater treatment.
There are two streams entering the acetic acid distillation column. The feed stream, S
602, is the bottoms from the acetaldehyde separation columns and enters DC-61 0 at the
1i
of 30 actual trays. It primarily consists of the unreacted acetic acid and the products
of side reactions such as water, ethyl acetate, acetone, and ethanol. The recycle stream S
603 fed to the second stage is rich in ethyl acetate and is used to facilitate the low boiling
water - ethyl acetate azeotrope, which makes the separation of acetic acid in the bottoms
easier. The feeds S-602 and S-603 are pumped to 100 psi and 98 psi, respectively, before
entering the column. The condenser is operated at 95 psi because as pressure increases,
the water-ethyl acetate azeotrope becomes more water-rich, easing the separation from
acetic acid. This significantly increases the purity of acetic acid that is collected at the
bottoms. lfthe same process were operated at 37.8 psi (the pressure of the feed stream),
then the mass fraction is only .92-.93 as opposed to .982 at this pressure. Though the
29
higher pressure increases the cost, it is a cost that is well incurred since the acetic acid
increase in the bottoms is critical as it lowers the acetic acid that is lost in the wastewater
stream. Further increases in pressure beyond 95 psi cause very marginal increases in the
acetic acid mole fraction and do not justify the additional costs.
The nwnber of equilibrium stages calculated is 18. The increased separation with
additional stages is minimal after 18 stages and does not justify the increasing cost. The
calculated tray efficiency is 61 %, meaning 30 actual trays are required. We use a kettle
reboiler in this process and a total condenser. A total condenser is used because the
distillate must be fed to the decanter DE-720 (see Unit Description on p. 44) as a liquid.
Before the distillate enters the decanter, it goes into a mixer, M-700. The mixer
incorporates the distillate stream of the acetic acid separation colwnn with the distillate
stream of the DC-900 col umn, whiCh primarily consists of ethyl acetate and water, and
the bottoms of the acetone separation column, DC-81 0, which contains ethyl acetate that
was contained in the water-rich stream coming out of the decanter and water and acetone
impurities. The pressure across the mixer drops to 39 psi. This is done because operating
the remaining distillation columns in the separation sequence at higher pressure does not
produce results that are significantly favorable enough to account for incurring the higher
cost when the separating columns were operated at a higher pressure. In addition, this
places less of a load on the pump P-730 (see Unit Description on p. 56), which must
increase the pressure of recycle stream S-705 to only 40 psi before sending it to the
mIxer.
The exit stream from the mixer has a temperature of214 of and is cooled to 113 of
by passing it through the heat exchanger HX-71 0 (see Unit Description on p. 52). The
30
exit stream from this heat exchanger is fed to the decanter DE-720, which is used to
separate the water from the ethyl acetate in the feed stream. The water rich stream S-801
contains 74.8% by mass of water and S-901 contains 77.0% ethyl acetate.
The ethyl acetate-rich organic layer exiting the decanter in stream S-90 1 is sent to the
ethyl acetate splitter, which recycles 78.9% of the stream to the acetic acid distillation
column where it enhances the separation of water from acetic acid. The rest of the stream
is fed into the distillation column DC-900 (see Unit Description on p. 48).
Column DC-900 is used to separate water from the acetic acid and ethyl acetate in
S-90 1. The low-boiling azeotrope of water and ethyl acetate is taken in the distillate
along with acetone and acetaldehyde, leaving a bottoms product that is primarily ethyl
acetate and acetic acid. The acetic acid is purified and recycled to the reactor, and the
ethyl acetate is sold as a product. The distillate stream of this distillation, S-706, is
recycled to the decanter DE-720. This is to separate the water from the ethyl acetate,
which is then either recycled to the acetic acid distillation column, or purified for sale.
The separation in DC-900 was achieved by using a condenser pressure of 30 psi and 12
equilibrium stages (20 actual trays). A total condenser and kettle reboiler are used in this
process.
The bottoms product of DC-900, S-902, is 72% ethyl acetate by mass, with acetic
acid composing most of the balance. This stream enters the ethyl acetate distillation
column, DC-91 0 (see Unit Description on p. 48), at stage 13 of23 (tray 25 of 43). The
main purpose of this column is to separate the ethyl acetate from the acetic acid at a level
31
of purity whereby the ethyl acetate can be sold. This column is operated at a condenser
pressure of 16 psi and the distillate contains 99.6% mass of ethyl acetate. The bottoms
product contains 99.7% by mass of acetic acid and is recycled back to the reactor via the
stream S-1 02. Ethyl acetate is stored in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area with a holding
capacity of 7300 ft3 (enough capacity to hold 14 days worth of ethyl acetate production)
in tightly sealed containers.
32
and is pumped to 40 psi before being fed to the mixer M-700 where it is mixed with the
acetic acid separator distillate to be fed into the decanter.
33
34
35
optimal temperature we allow the temperature in the reactor to decrease as the reaction
progresses. This method was used because it was suggested that this would be more
efficient than attempting to insulate the reactor at the high temperature required. The
reaction consumes 2,677,000 Btu/hr, and the effluent is a total vapor at 557 OF. The hot
reactor effluent is split and sent to separate heat exchangers to heat the hydrogen and
acetic acid feed streams. The rate of energy transferred to the acetic acid in HX-200 is
4,305,300 Btu/hr, and 8,741,000 Btulhr is transferred to the hydrogen stream in HX-21 O.
Following this, the hydrogen and acetic acid feed streams still require 12,692,000 Btu/hr
to reach 599 OF; this is accomplished in the fired heater, F-230. Waste streams OFFGAS
and ACETONE WASTE are burned to produce 8,547,300 Btulhr, and natural gas is
required for the rest of the duty, which because of inefficient heat transfer is 15,291,600
Btulhr total. After being cooled to its dew point by the reactor feeds, the reaction product
S-401 is cooled further, to 113 OF by transferring 20,300,000 Btulhr to cooling water in
HX-300.
The option of using heat from the reactor effluent stream S-401 at 280 OF to heat
the reboilers ofDC-900 and DC-810 was examined, but ultimately rejected. There is
sufficient energy in S-401 to maintain a 45 OF driving force with the bottoms, but
substituting this method for steam heating did not justify the need to pump the hot fluid
over long distances and the more complicated control aspects. Heat integration among
the condensers and reboilers in the separation section was not attempted because the
operating pressures needed to optimize product composition and column costs does not
allow for productive stream matching.
36
S-201
S-207
Cold Stream
Temperature
Change
242F to 465F
203F to 478F
Hot Stream
Hot Stream
Temperature
Change
557F to 280F
557F to 280F
S-206b
S-206a
Energy
Transferred
(BtU/hr)
4,305 ,300
8,741,000
Temperature
C-500
102 of
C-610
275.2 of
C-800
182F
C-810
184 of
C-900
182F
C-910
175F
RF-520
S-301
280 of to 113 of
S-506a
263F to 158F
S-703
259 of to 113 of
TOTAL REQUIREMENTS
Amount of
Cost
Cooling
Water Duty Cooling Water
($/ru:)
(Btu/hr)
Required (Gallhr)
10,559,800
85,332
36,586,600
147,824
994,200
4,020
428,700
1,732
2,911,400
11,763
2,059
509,600
24,300
1,503,600
20,300,000
82,020
2,736,000
11,050
3,689,100
14,906
80,219,000
385 ,006
$127.06
28.16
48.78
1.33
0.57
3.88
0.68
8.02
27.07
3.65
4.92
Temperature
of Stream
R-500
262.7 of
R-610
369.9 of
R-810
184.2 of
R-900
221.2 of
R-910
262.9 of
RF-520
300 of
TOT AL REQUIREMENTS
Pressure of
Purchased
Steam (psig)
Steam Heat
Duty
(Btulhr)
75
16,892,000
600
39,534,800
35
252,312
3,150,280
35
75
486,919
75
2,497,500
\62,813,911
37
Amount
of Steam
Required
(lblhr)
14,195
29,636
215
2,683
409
2,099
~238
Cost
($Ihr)
35.49
82.98
0.53
6.60
1.02
5.25
$132.00
15,291,600
3,604,800
WASTE ACETONE
4,942,500
6,744,300
Electrici ty
Required (kW)
459.6
18.7
20.5
3.8
3.1
0.3
Cost
($/hr)
16.086
0.654
0.718
0.134
0.109
0.010
0.262
0.392
0.003
0.013
0.010
7.S
1l.2
0.1
0.4
0.3
l.5
0.2
5.6
0.3
0.1
1.1
0.1
PR-SOO
PR-SlO
PR-610
PR-800
PR-810
PR-900
PR-9l0
Total Requirements
534.1
0.OS2
0.008
0.196
0.011
0.003
0.039
0.003
$18.69
The costs listed are what would be paid if these utilities were purchased from an
outside source. This was not done for steam and cooling water, because it was
determined that building allocated facilities would be more profitable (see Appendix, p.).
38
Unit Descriptions
Absorber
The absorber unit AB-320 is a trayed tower used to separate the acetaldehyde
from light hydrocarbons, carbon dioxide, and the unreacted hydrogen that results from
feeding that material in large excess. The primary objective of this unit is to recover as
much acetaldehyde as possible because 1.3 % of the material leaving through the top of
the column leaves the system as PURGE. 23,470 Iblhr of the vapor stream S-303 is fed
to the bottom stage of the column, and 62,278 lb/hr of S-304, the solvent recycled from
the bottoms of the acetaldehyde distillation column, is introduced on the top stage. This
solvent level was chosen to balance the amount of acetaldehyde recovered in the absorber
with the ease of separation of the acetaldehyde from the remaining liquid, which contains
a lower fraction of acetaldehyde as solvent flow increases. The recovery stream S-305
exits as a liquid from the bottom stage, and has a total flow of 65,871 lb/hr with an
acetaldehyde mass fraction of 0.094. S-401 exits the top of the column and contains
mostly unreacted hydrogen and light gas side products; 98.7% of this stream is recycled
to the reactor, the remainder is purged and burned in the flare stack.
The top stage pressure in the absorber is 233.5 psi, with the intention of keeping
the pressure as high as possible without resorting to compressing the reactor effluent.
The absorber was designed to recover over 85 % of acetaldehyde fed to it, so that the
resulting loss to purge would be only approximately 0.15 % of acetaldehyde. This design
led to a column containing 15 theoretical trays; the O'Connell correlation was used to
calculate the stage efficiency (Seader). This was found to be 51 %, requiring 30 actual
39
trays. Using equations and tables found in Seider, the calculated dimensions were 2.5 ft
diameter and a height of 74 ft; the associated bare module cost of the tower and trays is
$117,300. IPE calculated a 3 ft diameter, 76 ft. height, and an equipment cost of
$120,000. The material used for both the column and the trays is stainless steel because
of the concern of corrosion caused by acetic acid.
Compressor
Condensers
40
single disti llate stream was taken. Second, condensing those light gases and all of the
acetaldehyde would require very low temperatures and a large amount of refrigeration.
Instead, the fraction of vapor distillate was set in order to have a distillate temperature of
102 of, which can be achieved with cooling water. To accomplish this, 22% of the
distillate remains vapor; this stream (S-504) contains approximately 20% of the
acetaldehyde produced, and this is recovered in the DC-51 0 column. The condenser is
made of stainless steel, and has a heat duty of 10,559,800 Btulhr. Using a heat transfer
coefficient of97.6 BtU/(hr-ft2-0F), B-JAC estimates a surface area of 13,109 ft2; because
of this large size and the temperature crossover of the hot and cold stream temperatures,
B-JAC split this exchanger into two in series. A 1-8 shell-and-tube heat exchanger was
designed, with a length of 8 ft., and shell size of 70 in. The estimated installed cost from
B-JAC is $209,960.
41
crossover, two condensers, both 1-2, are required in series. The length ofthe tube is 14
ft., and the shel1 width is 10.75 in. The material used was stainless steel. The estimated
installed cost reported by B-JAC was $16,600.
42
43
Btulhr. The effective surface area based on an estimated heat transfer coefficient of72.6
Btul(hr-ft 2_OF) is 473 ft2. The tube length is 6 ft., and the shell diameter is 24 in. The
installed cost is $18,470.
Decanter
The purpose of the decanter is to separate water from the ethyl acetate in the inlet
stream
S ~ 704.
74.8% by mass of water and an ethyl acetate rich stream, S-901 with 77 .0% by mass of
ethyl acetate. The outlet temperature of the decanter is 117 .5F and its outlet pressure is
35.5 psi . The capacity of the decanter is based on a 10 minute residence time at half full
and equals 214 ft3. The decanter is a horizontal, stainless steel vessel, with a diameter of
4.5 ft. and length of 13.5 ft; using cost charts, we determined its bare module cost to be
$63,000.
Distillation Columns
DC-500 is the major unit for separating acetaldehyde from the heavier
components in the reactor effluent: acetic acid, water, acetone, ethyl acetate, and ethanol.
Even though acetone's boiling point is closest to acetaldehyde's, the key heavy
component in this separation is water because of its high concentration. At pressures as
low as 30 psi, water forms an azeotrope with acetaldehyde, which becomes richer in
water as pressure increases. As a result of this, the pressure of the condenser was set at
32 psi to limit the recovery ofthis azeotrope. Acetaldehyde's relatively low boiling point
44
(10F) makes this low pressure undesirable because of difficulties in condensing the
material, but attempted higher pressure methods such as liquid-liquid separation from
water could not produce acetaldehyde in the needed purity. Fenske-Underwood-Gilliland
calculations provided the minimum number of stages as 20 and the minimum reflux ratio
as 1.61. At 1.3 times the minimum reflux (LID = 2.09), the Gilliland correlation yields
the estimated number of stages as 40. This actual conditions used in the simulation were
a reflux ratio of 2.40, and 40 equilibrium stages. The tray efficiency is 56%, necessitating
71 actual trays. Stream S-501 enters above the 50 th stage to provide a larger rectifying
section, allowing better purification of the acetaldehyde distillate. Using cost charts
available in Seider, the distillation column dimensions are 4.5 ft in diameter, and 157 ft.
taB; the estimated cost of the column and trays was $1,013,500. IPE estimated the
column dimensions as a 4 ft. diameter and 171 ft. height. The material and labor cost
using lPE was estimated as $1,087,000. The height was determined by taking a 2-f1. tray
spacing, a 4-ft. disengagement height for the condenser, and a 10-ft. bottoms sump.
DC-500 also has the esterification reaction in which acetic acid and ethanol react
to form water and ethyl acetate (Reaction 5, p. 10). This reaction is very important to the
process, and the patent describes adding sulfuric acid to catalyze this reaction if it does
not occur in sufficient yield. Under the conditions of this column, that step was not
necessary. This reaction is important because ethyl acetate is needed in the acetic acid
separation section to form a low-boiling azeotrope with water in order to facilitate the
separation of water from acetic acid. The ethyl acetate-water product is favored
thermodynamically, and under the reaction conditions over 80% of the ethanol reacts.
45
The ethyl acetate can then be purified, and we are able to purify and sell 1,139 Ib/hr of
ethyl acetate.
HAC PRODUCT, the liquid distillate, contains 99.5 % acetaldehyde by mass at a
flow of 10,355 Ib/hr. The bottoms product, S-506, contains 92,140 Iblhr of 72.4 %wt
acetic acid, with water being the other major component. Only 9.6 Ib/hr of acetaldehyde
is in this stream. S-506 is split, with part returning to the absorber AB-320 as the solvent,
and the remainder proceeding to the acetic acid separations section, where pure acetic
acid is recycled to the reactor and ethyl acetate is purified for sale.
46
well as the sump and disengagement heights, the height ofthe column is 74 ft., and the
diameter is 10.5 ft. The acetic acid-rich stream recovered as the bottoms of the
acetaldehyde distillation column enters DC-610 at tray 17. The ethyl acetate-rich recycle
stream S-603 enters the colurrm on the second tray and is used to form the ethyl acetate
water azeotrope, which makes the separation of acetic acid from water simpler. The
bottoms rate is 20,744 lblhr, the molar reflux ratio is 2.5 and the condenser pressure is 95
psi. On the recommendation of the industrial consultants, stainless steel was the material
chosen for the tower and the trays. This is because acetic acid has a corrosive effect on
carbon steel and stainless steel is sufficiently corrosion resistant. The bare module cost of
this column with trays is calculated to be $1,491,200.
ft. total for the sump and disengagement heights, the column is 52 ft. tall, with a 1.5 ft.
diameter. Based on the flow rates a smaller diameter is necessary to avoid flooding, but
the 1.5-ft. diameter produces an aspect ratio of 35, which is much more reasonable. The
stripper distillate stream S-804 enters the column at tray 13. The distillate rate is 439
lblhr, the molar reflux ratio is 4 and the condenser pressure is 22 psi. Stainless steel was
also the material of choice for this column. Its bare module cost is $103,600.
47
....
48
Fired Heater
49
Flash Vessel
The flash vessel FY -310 is used to separate the liquid and vapor portions of the
reactor effluent leaving the heat exchanger HX-300. The volumetric flow rate into the
flash vessel is 101,146 ft 3lhr. The required volume, determined by considering a 5
minute holdup time at half full, is 16,860 ft3. This is a large process vessel, and the
diameter was set at 17 ft., so that it would not have to be fabricated on the site. The
length height is 76.5 ft. This is made of stainless steel because of the corrosion caused by
acetaldehyde and acetic acid. The bare module cost for the flash vessel is $1,832,000.
Heat Exchangers
HX-200 (see spec. sheet p. 90)
HX-200 is used to increase the temperature of the acetic acid feed stream S-20 1
from 242 OF to 465 OF, where it is a partial vapor. To do this, 20,783 lb/hr of reactor
effluent S-206b is cooled from 557F to 280F, its dew point. The amount of heat
transferred is 4,305,300 Btulhr, and the estimated heat transfer coefficient between the
vapor and liquid was 10.8 BtU/(hr_ft2 _OF). This is relatively low for what is primarily
liquid-vapor heat exchange. It is a 1-1 shell-and-tube heat exchanger made of stainless
steel. The surface area is 8,343 fe, the tube length is 20 ft., and the shell diameter is 48
in. The cost estimated by B-JAC was $194,840.
so
51
52
Mixers
M-220, M-310
Both M -220 and M-31 0 are used to mix reactor effluent, and a small pressure
drop is assumed across each. M-220 mixes 20,783 lb/lrr ofS-202 and 42,196 lb/hr ofS
208, both at 280 OF and 246 psi, the dew point of the vapors. These streams had been
used to heat the acetic acid and hydrogen feeds . These streams are mixed to allow a
single heat exchanger, HX-300, to cool the streams before feeding the resulting vapor
stream to the absorber AB-320. M-310 mixes 65,871 lblhr of the recovered absorber
bottoms S-305 and 39,510 lblhr of the liquid stream S-306 exiting the flash vessel. There
is a pressure drop of 5 psi across the mixer; this pressure drop can be almost arbitrarily
large, because the mixed stream is then passed into the valve V-50 1 to decrease its
pressure to 45 psi before entering the acetaldehyde distillation column DC-500.
M-400
Mixer M-400 combines the pure hydrogen gas feed at 215 psi a and 77 OF with the
hydrogen-rich stream S-402a at 159 OF and 233 psi. The pressure of the combined
stream is decreased to 213 psia. This pressure is low enough to ensure that the vapor is
above its dew point and no liquid will be fed to the compressor. The outlet temperature is
152 OF.
M-700
M-700 combines the 31,444 Iblhr liquid distillate from the ace6c acid distillation
column at 275.2F and 95 psi with the recycle stream S-702 which is at 182.5 F and 40
53
psi and has a flow rate of 5, 111 Ib/hr. It integrates the two streams to liquid stream S-703
and lowers the pressure to 39 psi, with the corresponding temperature of214.1 of.
M-740
M-740 combines the 43561blhr liquid stream S-706 (distillate from the near
azeotrope distillation column) at 181.9 of and 25 psi with liquid stream S-707 (the
bottoms from the acetone distillation column) which is at 184.3F and 24.9 psi and has a
flow rate of755 lb/hr. The combined stream is a liquid with a flow rate of 5,111 Ib/hr at
182.3 OF and 24.7 psi.
Pumps
Pump P-ll 0 is used to increase the pressure of the combined acetic acid feed
stream S-1 04 to 263 psi, so that it will be at the proper pressure for reaction. The
entering stream is at ambient pressure because it includes the pure acetic acid feedstock
S-101, assumed to be at 14.7 psi. The net required power is 9.7 kW, but since the
efficiency is only 0.52 the total power supplied is 18.6 kW. This result from the
simulation agrees well with the hand-calculation for required power included in the
appendix. This is a centrifugal pump made of stainless steel. The purchase cost,
determined from cost charts, is $11,570 and the bare module cost is $57,860.
54
requirement is 3.1 kW. The volumetric flow rate is 400 ft 1hr. The estimated bare
module cost is $28,930.
55
56
It has a design pressure of 15.00 psig, a design temperature of 231.94F and a driver
power of 0.37 kW. It is a centrifugal pump, and the bare module cost for this pump is
$14,410.
57
58
Since the purchase cost for each of the pumps listed above is relatively small compared to
the total capital investment of this process, a spare for each pump was purchased to avoid
long delays if a pump goes out of service.
Reactor
(1)
(2)
In process simulations, reaction (2) was not modeled as a sequential reaction, but instead
the following direct hydrogenation of acetic acid was used:
59
(2a)
A major factor in the design of the catalyst for this process was to promote (1), while
suppressing (2). This can also be accomplished by lowering the acetic acid conversion:
at higher space velocity (low conversion) the selectivity to acetaldehyde is enhanced.
Other side reactions that were considered in designing the reactor were the production of
acetone from acetic acid (3), as well as the formation of light hydrocarbons (4).
Reaction (4) is used merely as a material balance to account for side products listed in the
patent. Selectivity to methane and C2 hydrocarbons (ethylene and ethane) was presented
as 2% total, so we assumed 1 % to methane and 0.5% for each ethylene and ethane.
The reaction conditions allow 46% conversion of acetic with reaction selectivities listed
in Table 7.
Reaction
CH 3 COOH + H2 ~ CH 3CHO + H 2O
CH 3COOH + 2 H2 ~ CH 3 CH 20H + 2 H 2O
2 CH 3COOH ~ CH 3 COCH 3 + CO 2 + H 2O
3 CH 3 COOH + 9 Hz ~ 2 CH 4 + C2~ + C 2H 6 + 6 H 2O
Selectivity
(Acetic Acid
Conversion)
89%
5%
4%
2%
The gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) for volumes of gas per volume of catalyst was
reported as 2600 hr- 1 under the reaction conditions. The catalyst consists of 20%
palladium on iron oxide pellets. Based on a feed gas flow rate into the reactor of
224,307 ft 3/hr, this implies a catalyst bed volume 0[86.3 ft 3 (see Appendix for
Calculations). The reactor diameter is 4 ft., and the height of the catalyst bed is 6.9 ft. In
60
addition, the reactor has a 6 ft. footer, O.S ft. distributor, O.S ft. catalyst support, and a 3 ft.
header. The total height of the reactor is 17 ft. The bare module cost ofthe reactor, a
vertical vessel, is $267,400. A catalyst density of 42 lb/ ft3 was assumed, producing 3623
lb of catalyst in the reactor. At a price of $1 ,6S0/lb (Dr. Rob Becker), the cost for a
charge of catalyst is $S,979,000.
The operating conditions for the reactor are based on the optimal conditions
described in the patent: the feed enters at S99 of and 2S2 psia, with a hydrogen to acetic
acid ratio of SI1 by mole. Under the conditions of the patent, the catalyst does not show
significant degradation in perfonnance with time on stream, and because coking is not
considered a risk, we assumed a catalyst replacement of20 % per year (Vrana), or
complete replacement once every five years. The material of construction for the reactor
is stainless steel. One benefit of the catalyst described in the patent for the process is the
ability to use relatively inexpensive materials of construction compared to more corrosive
methods employed earlier. It was suggested that carbon steel may be satisfactory for the
material, since gaseous acetic acid is not expected to be corrosive. However, on the
suggestion of Bruce Vrana to limit possible sources of corrosion throughout the process,
we decided to use stainless steel for this vessel. Stainless steel is also stable at the
reaction temperature; it is classified as suitable up to SOO C (932 OF) (Perry).
Reboilers
R-SOO (see spec. sheet p. 113)
The reboiler for the acetaldehyde distillation column DC-SOO is a kettle reboiler
constructed from stainless steel. The heat duty is 16,892,000 BtU/hr at a bottoms
61
temperature of262.7 of. Steam purchased at 75 psig is used to provide the energy. Two
reboilers in parallel are used, and the effective heat transfer area is 8,108 ft2. The
estimated heat transfer coefficient is 105 Btu/(hr-ft 2_OF). The installed cost calculated by
B-JAC is $153,460.
The reboiler for the acetone distillation column, constructed of stainless steel,
employs 35 psig steam for the 252,310 Btu/hr heat duty. It is a kettle reboiler. The
process fluid is at a pressure of 22 psi. The heat transfer area required is calculated to be
120.2 ft2 assuming a heat transfer coefficient ofl 02 BtU/(hr_ft2 _OF) . Its installed cost is
$10,620.
62
ft? assuming a
heat transfer coefficient ofl 0 l.5 Btu/(hr-ft2 _OF). The installed cost for this kettle reboiler
is $15,520.
Reflux Accumulators
Liquid reflux from the top stage of the acetaldehyde distillation column DC-500 is
returned to the reflux accumulator D-500. The vessel is stainless steel to prevent
corrosion from acetic acid or acetaldehyde. It is a horizontal vessel with diameter equal
to 3.5 ft. and a height of 10ft. The capacity of the accumulator is 852 gallons, and the
estimated bare module cost is $41,600.
63
This reflux accumulator for the stripper, constructed of SS304, has a capacity of
66 gallons. The dimensions of the vessel are 1.5 ft in diameter and 6.0 ft in length. Its
bare module cost is $17,350.
64
Refrigeration System
RF-520 (see spec. sheet p. 125)
The refrigeration unit was not rigorously designed, but the estimated costs of
purchasing and operating a packaged unit were analyzed. This refrigeration unit cools an
ethylene glycol solution, which in turn is used to provide a heat duty of 612,900 Btu/hr to
the condenser C-520 at 10F. Assuming "heat leak" of 30% of refrigeration produced,
the refrigeration unit was designed to operate at 900,000 Btu/hr (75 tons). Since heat
would be transferred indirectly through a glycol solution, the refrigeration unit itself was
designed to operate at -10F. Lower temperature refrigeration could be achieved to
recover a larger fraction of acetaldehyde, but at lower temperatures refrigeration becomes
considerably more expensive and more heat loss is expected. According to costing
estimates, a refrigeration unit this size costs $356,800 installed (Walas). Because of
uncertainties regarding how complete this quoted system is, and factoring in costs for the
glycol solution and holding tanks, we set the installed cost at $500,000 for this unit.
Operating costs were estimated based on the amount of steam and cooling water required
to generate and condense ammonia vapor (McKetta) .
Splitters
SPLIT, SPLIT2, PRODSPL
PRODSPL is used to split the reactor product S-206 into two separate streams to
heat the acetic acid and hydrogen feeds. This is done rather than introduce S-206 to the
heat exchangers sequentially because it allows the temperature of both S-201 and S-207
65
iIii
to be raised to nearly the same value. Because of the difference in the calculated heat
duties in HX-210 and HX-200, one third of the S-206 is sent to HX-200, with the
remainder passing to HX-21 O.
SPLIT splits the hydrogen rich gas stream exiting the absorber AB-320 into a
recycle to the reactor, and PURGE, which is flared. The flow rate into SPLIT is 19,877
Ib/hr, and 98.7 % is recycled to the reactor. This split fraction is as high as could be
practically designed without causing excessive buildup of light components in the
process. SPLIT2 splits 92,140 lblhr of S-506 into the solvent for the absorber AB-320 at
62,277 lb/hr and the balance to the acetic acid distillation column. SPLIT2's role is to
recycle acetic-acid rich solvent back to AB-320 where it absorbs acetaldehyde. The split
fraction was set by the interest of maximizing recover of acetaldehyde without causing
undue difficulty in the resultant distillation.
Stripper
66
The main impurities in this stream are acetic acid (8.5%) and acetone (1.6%). The
distillate stream, S-804, primarily contains ethyl acetate and acetone. The stripper was
designed using 4 equilibrium stages; the tray efficiency is 34.8%, so the actual number of
trays is 12. Since there is no reboiler in this column, there is not a bottoms sump, but
there is a 4-ft. disengagement height for the condenser. To that end, this separation
column is 28 ft. in height and has a diameter of 1 ft.; both the trays and the column itself
are constructed out of stainless steel. The water-rich decanter product stream S-80 1
enters the column at tray 2. Steam is introduced into the stripper at 2161 lb/hr at the
bottom tray. The distillate rate is 1194 lb/hr and the operating pressure is 22 psi. The
bare module cost of this column is $287,800.
Tanks
Storage tank T -1 is used to hold a one-day supply of acetic acid feed. It holds
only this much because our facility is on the site of a major chemical company, so there is
no need for us to maintain a large inventory. At steady state, the volumetric flow rate of
pure acetic acid feed is 320 ft 31hr, which would imply the need for a 7,680 ft3 holding
tank for the reactant. The tank is made from stainless steel to resist corrosion. The bare
module cost estimate, from Ulrich, is $115,700.
67
necessary volume for the holding tank is 4824 ft3. The material of construction is
stainless steel, and the bare module cost is $52,100.
Tank T -4 is used to hold a fourteen day supply of ethyl acetate product. The
volumetric flowrate of the product stream is 21.8 ft3 1hr, so a tank with a volume of7,309
ft3
(207 m 3) is required. This is a stainless steel vessel, and the bare module cost is
$115,700.
68
bare module cost, as the purchase cost was multiphed by a factor of two (in addition to
the bare module factor) to account for refrigeration. The purchase cost is $66,860, and
the bare module cost of the tank is $601)700.
69
Valve
The valve V-SOl is used to decrease the pressure of the feed to the acetaldehyde
distillation column from 230 psi to 43.5 psi. The flow rate of the stream is l05,380 lblhr.
The pressure of this liquid stream is decreased because the acetaldehyde distillation
column operates using a condenser pressure of 32 psi.
70
lL
ABSORBER
Identification Item
Item #
Absorber
AB-320
Date:
4/9/02
cp
By:
No. Required
Principal Function: To separate acetaldehyde from the side products and
unreacted acetic acid.
Operation: Continuous
Materials handled:
Quantity (lblbr)
Composition (lblbr)
Hydrogen
Carbon Dioxide
Methane
Ethylene
Ethane
Acetaldehyde
Acetone
Ethyl Acetate
Ethanol
Water
Acetic Acid
OUTLET STREAMS
INLET STREAMS
S-305
S-401
S-303
S-304
62,277.9165,870.5019,877 .11
23,469.70
trace
0.02
trace
122.96
trace
28.45
trace
27.13
trace
3l.92
6.47 6,167.54
615 .79
785.89
2,775.68 1,983.88
110.70
126.75
13,552.9312,873.06
45,046.2543,892.99
7,088.02
5,328.15
1,543.27
893.76
898.61
6,792.88
119.04
126.56
33.52
266.36
379.53
159.2
235.0
113
244.7
126.4
234.9
7,088.00
5,205.19
1,514.82
866.63
866.69
63l.81
289.14
918 .35
] 7.47
946.23
1,532.78
159.4
233.5
34 Average
Pressure
2 (psia):
Diameter (ft):
Height (ft):
233.5
Comments & Drawings: See process flowsheet pg. 13 and Appendix A p. 177.
72
Compressor
Identification
Item
Item #
Compressor
CP-410
No. Required
4/8/02
akg
Date:
By:
Principal Function: To increase the pressure of the hydrogen feed into the furnace
Operation: Continuous
Materials
handled:
Inlet Stream
Quantity (lblhr):
Composition (lblhr):
Hydrogen
Carbon Dioxide
Methane
Ethylene
Ethane
Acetaldehyde
Acetone
Ethyl Acetate
Ethanol
Water
Acetic Acid
Temperature (oF):
Pressure (psia):
Design Data:
Utilities:
S-403
20,404.31
Outlet Stream
S-207
20,402.42
7,781.46
5,137.53
1,495.13
855.36
855.42
623 .59
285 .38
906.41
17.24
933.93
1,512.85
7,781.47
5,137 .53
1,495.12
855.34
855.42
621.46
285.40
906.51
17.25
933 .97
1,512.96
152.3
212.7
202.6
262.8
Motor driver
73
1 ~c.>rT1P?E1Y:.
2 Location :
---
_._-'"
Our Reference:
3 Service of Unit:
C-500
4 Item No.:
5 Date:
6 Size
7 Surf/unitteff.)
Your Reference:
Rev No.:
4/3/02
Job No.:
ir:J.._. _.~.!lor
Shells/unit 2
ft2
69--96
13109.2
8
9 Fluid allocation
-_....._.._
f!~.i.s!.guantitY-,-Jotal
..
Vapor Un/Out)
13
Liquid
14
Noncondensable
Ib/h
15
__._-
21 Molecular wt , NC
749473
6897
42286
749473
749473
101.8
90
105
~
Latent
........_...heat
_-....
~ _._
JElI~. ~. pre~sLJ.rE:!.(abs~l,!,~)
~
26 Velocity
27 Pressure dro p, allow./calc.
29 Heat exchanged
10530000
86.34
31
46.676 -_ ..
0 .009
43.84
0.186
43.83
0.783
. ..
44.01
0.9302
0.9432
BTU/{Wh~F)
0.008
0 .101
0.356
0.362
BTUllb
187.8
192.7
~i
32
80
ftls
9.8
2.96
1.412
[ '
20
0.003
97.6
9.3
psi
Sketch
Sizelrating
._-
Out
Intermediate
39
in /
40 Tube No. 4378
00 0.75
41 Tube type
42 Shell
10
CS
Tubesheet-stationa~
46 Baffle-crossing
! i
oX=n=;.tl
i
-- . ~- .
Shell cover
in
Pitch 0.9375
ft
I Tube !2attem
in
3..0
-- _._-
_-
Channel cover
...........
_ _ ..I!:!~~?_~.eet-floating
..
Type
_
single seg
J.m!2ingen:l~l p.~<?tection
Cut(%~1_4?
Seal'!y..Q~.
Tl:!2 e
Bundle .entrance
440
- _.
52 -Gaske
. ls - Shell side ._... _
53
... Floating head
Inlet
.-.................
T~Re
-ILJ.be-tubesheet joint
1319
vert
--
U-bend
.. _
49 Bypass seal
55 WeighUShell
56 Remarks
0.0625
..
CS
48 Supports-tube
54 ...<:'9.ge requirements
0 .0625
0070
47 Baffle-long
50 Expansion ioint
51 RhoV2-lnlet nozzle
CS
I Code
170
-.
C$
43 Channel or bonnet
751
180
in
In
37 Connections
Tube Side
- .- ! Code
75/
F
BTu/(h*ft2*F)
Clean 276.49
34 J)~..slg~ temperature
r-
35 Numb_~e?!>?es per shell
Corrosion allowance
4.987
0.003
MTD corrected
J3TU/h
Dirty
.-
.-.
~ ~2.gnfTesl pressure
0.664
0.6173
..
32
61 . 07~_ _
61.587
44.01
Q.~i
ft2*h*F/BTU
. ..
.- -
0.235
0.3206
BTUI(lb*F)
I~_~. f!11.?l.~.!:1.c:!lJctivity__
58
-r
115
Ib/ft3
cp
22 Specific heat
57
CW
..
110.55 --.-
44
Tube Side
__
584
18 Density
19 Viscosity
---
ft2
..
16 Temperature (In/Out)
38
2series
6554.6
49767
_._. Ib/h
Ib/h ._. 49183
Ib/h _...... -....
17
Surf/shell (eft.)
10 Fluid name
r11
12
1 ~arallel
Connected in
Tube Side
9!oove/ex!2and
-.- .-
Bundle exit 22
in
- - .- - -
-
..-..
.-
- -
~,.- -
- -- m
lg!(!t*s2)
.....
..
..
TEMA class
Bundle
..
-
B -- _-
...
23728.2
Ib
-..
.- -
3 _~ic~.Qf. Unit:
4 Item No .:
C-520
51 Date:
Our Reference:
Your Reference:
Rev No.:
61 Size
Job No.:
10--168
in
ft2
403.2
71 Surf/unit(eft.)
Type BEM
Shells/unit 2
hor
1 parallel
Connected in
Surf/shell (eft.)
Shell Side
8
91 Fluid allocation
10 Fluid name
!..!.~quantity. Total
12
Vapor (In/Out)
113
liquid____
Noncondensa_~__.__ ___
14
Ib/h
Ib/h
Ib/h
2607
Ib/h
54
2series
201.6
ft2
Tube Side
21775
2661
342
__ 2265
__ _ ___.l1?75,
21775
___ __ ______ _ _
303
0.108
0.8165
0.258
.....l06.6
ftls
psi I
261 Velocity
27 Pressure drop, allow./calc.
281 Fouling resist. (min)
291 Heat exchanged
301 Transfer rate, Service
8
9.98
ft2*h*F/BTU
BTu/h
Dirty
612890
31.43
- -0.89
-
20
0.003
MTD corrected
32.18
1.156
0.003
48.37
Clean 40 .9
Shell Side
33 OesignlTest pressure
psi
751
I Code
34 Design temperature
F
160
311
Sketch
.;g
I In
37 Connections
38
Size/rating ___
in!
39
40 Tube No. 74
__ _
lOut
I Intermediate
OD 0.75
41 Tube !}:pe
42 Shell __ ~_S3Q~
ID
43 Channel or bonnet
~ TUb~~h~~t:;~uonarv
__ _
Tube Side
751
I Code
_
90
O.Q?'?~
Baffle-=-crossiniL- SS304
Impingement j)rotection
Type
47 Baffle:long
single seg
Seal !}:pe
U-bend
Cut(%d)
_______
in
_ _ __
SS304
4~
ft Pitch 0.9375
J_ Tube pattern 30
._
Channel cover
1 !
____ . .
CS
5?
o!t~
_ _ _ ___
OD 10.75
F
BTu/(h*ft2*F)
42
vert
Plate on bundle
Spacing : dc 21 .25
in
1 Inlet 9.625
in
__TYRe,_ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ __
IE
__A
M _c_I~S~s~~~
B _
Buncj!~_~_)(it
1542.7
~~l Remarks
57
58
,,=
Bundle
591.7
Ib/(ft*s2) 1
_ __ _ __
Ib
_____________________________________________________________ _____________
2 Location:....
-- --------- -------------------- -------------- - - - - - -
3 Service_. _......_
of Unit:
_-=-=c.....:...:=.::::.:...::..:.:..=-'--________________._
Our Reference:
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .__ _ _ _ _ __
4 Item No.:
C-610
Your Reference :
~~~~~----~~-..----~~~~~~--------------------------------
5 Date:
Rev No.:
Job No.:
1series
ft2
, je;
CW
... ----------+-----~--'-'=-'---------+-------=-.:..::....--.- . -
46,3=-4:...::9.-:.4__ __..__
_......_________._-=-=-=-+_ ____1:....:1..:,7.:...79::.;8=--______t -______.-:.1....:.
308.23
270
88
f-'1-=6+-T;:.;emc..:1J::.p~e;:.;r-=a.:.:tu:.:r.e::....>.:
(I'-"
n/-=O:...::u"'t)'___ _ _._ ______ - ----=-+---=-=-=-=---1--=-'-~.-~--=-"---_+_-:....:
17
Dew / Bubble ~oint
308.23
235.31
18 Density
0.421
51.55
62.241
..... _...
0.014
0.213
0.781
:~ Yiscosity
37.88
._._ - 55.12
20 Molecular wt.!. ~,<.lc:..
~ - - - - - --------.-----+-- ::.:..:.=-=----1
,
BTUI{lb*F)
BTUI(ft*h*F)
0.4139
0.015
-~
____._________+_- - - - - 0.781_L
__..:.:1.c: .O. : .OO:. ;_
7 _-+____-'--____
0.091
0.352 _ --+_--=--'=c-::_ _
24 Latent he
::::a::..:t_ _ _ ____________--....!B:::..T!..!U~/.!!lb~__-'-4"_84-'--__-"-__....:4!.>5!-"8"_.1'____+-- -_... ___-L-_ __ ___
25 Inle~pressure _(absolute)
psi
87 .023
26 Velocity
._ __
8.7
ftls
BTU/h
Dirty
129.13
MTD corrected
Clean 263.63
190.6 2 - - - - - . . . .
BTUI{h*ft2*F)
Sketch
Tube Side
Pls.,.i_ -=
80;:.;/_ _--'-I-=C..::o.:;.de=--f-----'7..::5-'-.1_ _-'I-=C:...:o..::d..::.e-l
33 Desi9nlT~3.!..~u=r..::.e___ _ .__ _ -=
_-'F-+-_ _ __3=_7:...:0'--___-t-_ _ _ _....:.1.:;.80-'---_____
35 Number passes per shell
1
4
li~esign tem~erature
I
rr
L!
Q .. ~' :".:........o
(P
ut :::
t
\..
h,
J~jlnh
~I)J
~3~6~C:.:::o::.:.rr-=
os::::i.::::
on~
al:.:.:lo~w.:.::a::.;n:.:::
c"e _r---------i.!l.-------------_I_------------1
37 Connections
_I ,,
n _____.._. _____..,;"18=1_1,;"":5:..:;0..,;"A..c..N,;,,,,:S'-I_t_-----'1-=.8:....
1 -'-'15'-'0.-:.A..c.N,;,,,,:S'--1 1
Size/rating
8/'---'...15:...:0:...:A...::N..:.,:S=-I-t-___ _1""8:.<...
F38-f-...o::.:::=-::=-"'--___
+-"O'-"u~t______-t--_...__ .......:::.
/ ...:.,;
15
=.,:0:...,:A
...::N,.:.:S"-'I-j
in/
39
Intermed:::ia::,:t"'-.
e -'-____-"6'-'.1....:1""5_0:....:A...::Nc:.S"-'-1-'--____-"-1150 AN St
40
Tube
No.
1296
1 ~+_'_~~~~~---0
==
D'-=0~
.7~5'-- ~T~k~
s~
..::c::.
vg~-=0~.0~4~9----~i~n~L~e~n~gt~h~
10
~____-,rft~P~i ~
tc~
h~0~.9
~3~7~5'--___ in
1-'-'-t--'-~:....:J..c.:::.
M=aterial SS304
Tube pattern 30
41 Tube type __ _ _ _________ _ ________.:..:
SS304
10
42 Shell
00 3c_8c'--__--'-in:..:.....___I_..::S"-'h~
e:.:..
l1 ..::.
co=-v:...:e:.:..r-----------------..--. - - - - - - --
43 Channel or bonnet
SS304
Channel cover
44 Tubesheet-stationarv S..::
F~==:=.:=~:::..L--=
S.=.
30=-4:.-...------.------_t_T
-'-'uo..::bc=e=sh-'-=e.e.~~.~ .g?!!.0.fl-. ___._______ ______ _ _ _
_____________
Impingement protection
None
45 Floating head cover
TYDe
single seg
Cut(%d) 46
vert_~~acing: clcl..Q._ _ _ _ __
in
46 Baffle-crossin ~ .. SS304
Inlet
11
in
47 Baffle-Ion
_
Seal ty~e _____________________.
48 Supports-tube _ ___ ~________=
U_=b:;,,;:e:.:..n;.:;;d_ _ _ ________________'Ty2e
_ ______..._ ____ _
__
51 RhoV2-lnlet nozzle
967
Bundle entrance -_._- - - - - - - _._.._.Bundle.. --
exit ..--
Ib/(ft*s2)
Gaskets .. Shell side
Tube Side .____ _______ ._._ .._............_ _ ______
53
Floatin.9.he.a:::,:d"--_ __ _ ______________ _ _ ___.____ _______ ________ ...._ __
54 Code requireme!!ts
_ _
~. ~E
55 WeighVShell
8955.7
TEMA class
13282.5
Bundle
6385.1
-Ib
56 Remarks
57 f--- -- -- -- - - - - - - -- - - -- - - - ------- ------------------- - ____________ ...... _____
58
3 _~ervice of Unit:
4 Item No.:
Our Reference:
Your Reference:
C-800
5 1Date:
Job No. :
Rev No.:
8--192
61 Size
TY2.e BEM
in
112.2
71 Surf/unit(elf.)
hor
Shell Side
10 Fluid name
11 1Fluid quantity, Total
ft2
.. . _ .. !~'-I!
Ib/h
_.
Noncondensable
- - - - ---.
C. W
10586
32660
4160
6427
. j
.1
184.8
0.01
cp
BTU/(lb*F~
BTU/(ft*h*F
22 Specific heat
23 Therma.Lconductivity
24 Latent heat
psi I
26. Velocity
27 Pressure drop. ,?lIow.lcalc.
ftls_1
50~~~8 __ J.__~~;:24
--
29 I Heat exchanged
97 9980
111.78
397.7
27
38 42
2.855
0 .(
~
ft2*h*F/BTU
BTU/h
Dirty
112.22
Clean 438.22
31
Sketch
Shell Side
32
331 OesignlTest
,,,on pressur~
'''J J U'~
si
34 Design temperature
Tube Side
75/
250
~~ ~~~~~~:
I'"
lin
Size/rating
lOut
in/
~~
_ __.9,Q..?;,.:".5
in
..
37 Connections
/ Code
180
--1
. t~~~-~~~:
Ilntermediale.J__ _ _/_1.5.QAr:i?:.;.I-L
I _ _ _ _/'--.:..:
15"-'0:...:Ac..:N
:...:.:::c
S'-1L..._ _ __
._ 00 0.75 _
41 Tube t y p e .
Tks-avg
_ ____ _...._
61 .864
0.561
60.93
391.5
psi
120
0.36.----.-- 0.6136
-
0.01
0.076
BTUllb
90
183.65
62.27
211'0<?Lecular wt, NC
32660
181.7
1QA Q
FI
Ib/ft3 1__ --
0.238
- -""-_._
19 Viscosity
32660
'
17
~~J3_ubble point
______ ..____ __._ _ _
18 Densi
10586
Ib/h
Tube Side
S- ~a.t
Ib/h
f-=--I----,-",,,-=->.:.n/Out)
381
] ~.
1 series
112.2
Surflshell (elf.)
14
1
15
1 garallel
Connected in
Shell s/unit 1
ft2
0 .065_
.!!!Length 16
ft
_ _ __
Pitch 0.9375
in
1 Tube pattern 30
E~ll_
SS304
10
~ g,~Cl.Qnel
or bonnet
CS
+-C,-,h-,-,acc..nC'ncoe.;".1c.=..o'
-
--v...:e"-r_ _ _ __ __ _ _ ________
SS304
+-T_u-'-b"'e'-'s'-hco
e-=
e-'
t-f1_0o.:a;;.:u;.c.
n""_ _ __ __ __ __ _ ___ 1
00 8.625
..:cin
'-!.-_+--'S:o:h-'-'e'-"II--'c~
o:..:
v::::.er:...._ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ __
1
~ .I.ubesheet-stationary
-4-~
.-4-6..l?alfle-crossing
.__
__ ~? 3 04
.....
Typ.~ 2i.Qgle seg
47.Cl!f!~-lon g
vert
Plate on bundle
Spacing: d c 5. 5
11.5
in
in
Type
Tube-tll~_e~~E'::.~tj<?i!:l.t ___ _ .._gr{){)y~L~ ~PClIl9. _ _
T~
1672 . ..
Tube Side
Floating head
54 1Code requirements
551 WeighUShell
156 1 Remarks
57
58
1 '1
41
[Inlet
U-bend
49 By~ass seal
50 Expansion joint
153
Cut(%d)
Seal type
~? Supports-tube
51 RhoV2lnlet nozzle
IIl]J2ingemenl protection
TEMA class
1147.6
Bundle
366.2
B
Ib
__.._._ ---_
1 Company:
2 Location:
r
............. __ .. __ .of Unit:
---3.. Service
4 Item No.:
--_.
- - - -
5 Date:
6 Size
7 Surf/unit(eff.)
-----
C-810
Our Reference:
Your Reference:
Job No.:
----
Rev No.:
8 --120
Type BEM
Shells/unit 1
in
ft2
77.6
Connected in
hor
Ib/h
Ib/h
Ib/h
1714
F
F
Ib/ft3
cp
174 .5
170.2
0.185
0.042
BTU/(lb"F)
BTU/(ft*h"F)
BTU/lb
psi
ftls
psi
ft2*h*F/BTU
BTu/h
Dirty
0.3426
0.01
246.2
Liquid
Noncondensable
15
16 Temperature (In/Out)
17
Dew / Bubble Q.oint
18 Density
19 Viscosity
20 MQIEi..~!ar wt, Va ~
~J Molecular wt, NC
22 Specific heat
._ - - - --_.._._ .. _..
23 Thermal conductivity
~ ~~ ntheat
in /
Tube No. 40
Tube type
14289
1714
14289
14289
-- - 167.6
49.348
- _ .". 0.261
0.567 1
0.099
22
9.66
._.....
90
120
62.224
0.762
61.864
0.561
1.0006
0.9998
247.9
~Q~~~~ I ~~~:==
2.76
0.363
15
0.003
MTD corrected
._-_._-_
.. _... _....
Clean 245.66
95.04
CONSTRUCTION OF ONE SHELL
31
SheIlSid~ __ '--__ I'=!Q~..lcli!__ _
32
psi
751
I Code
75i
! Code .
~~. ~g nlTest pressure
180
240
34 Design temperature
F
4
1
35 Number ~ assesp_er shell
Corrosion allowance
Connections
Size/ratinq
ft2
CW
r--
1714
- - - ---
Ib/h
1series
77.6
Tube Side
S-!/ll';
36
37
38
39
40
41
~arallel
Surf/shell (eff.)
8
9 Fluid allocation
10 Fluid name
11 Fluid quantiY. Total
13
14
.... _ - - - --
1.206
_.
0.003
62.71
F
BTu/(h*ft2*F)
Sketch
-;==t]D
.
.
,
I
in
In
Out
Intermediate
0.75
....... ,-_. __aD
... _-_.._
2/150 ANSI
2/150 ANSI
/ 150 ANSI
/ 150 ANSI
0.049
in Length 10
Material SS304
Shell cover
in
Channel cover
Tubesheet-floating
3/ 150 ANSI
1/ 150ANSI
Tks-avg
-- -
ft Pitch 0.9375
30
in
I Tube pattem
10
OD 8.625
.~ ~~~_$_3.94
or
bonnet
43 .Channel
SS304
..... .. .. _._ ....... _..
---..
44 _::Ll! \) ~~~.~.t-stationary SS304
---- -------_...._-_...
Impingement protection
Plate on bundle
45 Floating head CO,(.!'!f -.
..
Type
vert
single seg
S~acing: C/C 25.625
in
Cut(%d) 41
46 Baffle-crossin ~ ~ }.94
in
Inlet
9.5
47 Baffle-long
Seal
ty~e
..
.
I
-. _____.____. ________ ..Type
48 Supports-tube
.. ._U-bend
....... _..... ......... ._._ .. _... .. ....
49 Bypass sei!.!._
__._..____._____..._._ _ Iy\)E!::tLJtJE!.~.tl.E!.E:)_tj.~
_ gr9<?v~Ce~and
50 Expansiq.0j<2ln..t
TypE:)
, ......-. __ .__._-_ ...RhoV2-lnlet nozzle - - 509
Bundle
entrance 81
Bundle exit 1
Ib/(ft*s2)
.....
....... - .....................................
~!. f-'--"-"----..--...-
- Gaskets
Shell
side
Tube
Side
52 --_
..
_
._---_._
..
_.
_- - - .. .....
. .......
-'- -"-'-" - 53 ___ Eloating head
-_.
ASME Code Sec VIII Div 1
TEMA class ._B 54 <::()cjE:)_~E!..quirements
.- .. ...- -.519.7
Filled with water 761 .8
Bundle 212
55 WeiqhVShell
Ib
56 Remarks
..... __ .
- -_..
57
._-
58
_
.~-.------. --. -
Size ....--
-~ ----_
"'''" . _,.
__ .___
Our Reference:
Your Reference:
Job No.:
12--168
in
275.2
7 Surf/unit(eff.)
8
9 Fluid allocation
10 Fluid name
11 Fluidquantitv, Total
~ _Vapor (In/Out)
13
Liquid
Noncondensable
14
ft2
__ _____ ___M_.____ __
. ----.-.- - - ~ . - -. - -.---
_._-_.-
- "- _ ....
__
Type BEM
hor Connected in
1 parallel
1series
-.
.. _.,------
Surf/shell (eff.)
Shells/unit 1
275.2
ft2
PERFORMANCE OF ONE UNIT
Shell Side
Tube Side
.. _ .-._-----
Ib/h
Ib/h
Ib/h
Ib/h
15
16 Temperature (In~Out)
Dew / Bubble point
17
F
F
Iblft3
,.:L~ ~J2Q~!Y.
:) - 7<,.\
cw
24205
97030
_... _-
11501
12704
24205
97030
97030
215
215
0.225
0.071
56.19
183.9
210.56
51.137
0.266
60.08
90
120
62.224
0.762
61.862
0.561
cQ
..1~ '{iscosity
20 Molecular wi, Va~ ______
...
21 Molecular wi, NC_.
0.3434
0.5658
22 p.ecific heat
1.0096
0.9998
BTlJ{lb*F)
1
0.352
BTUt(ft*h*F)
0.364
23 Thermal conductivity ._. _
..
OL.
24 Latent heat
BTUflb
25 Inlet pressure (absolutel.
psi
80
--_ .. _" - - - , ,25
43.03
26 Velocity
4.1
ftls
_.
-'1 . ~~8___ ._ _15
27 Pressure drop, allow./calc.
psi
2
._---._ I 1.634
0.003
28 Fouling resist. (mini
ft2*h*F/BTU
0.003
2911400
MTD corrected
103.64
29 Heat exchanged
BTUth
.___ ..L
102.09
Clean 347.79
Dirty 105.21
30 Transfer rate , Service
BTUl{h*ft2*F)
CONSTRUCTION OF ONE SHELL
31
Sketch
Shell Side
Tube Side
32 --_ ..
psi
751
I Code
33 ~gnlTestpressure
75L_ _ ~Qg~ .
t
!
280
180
34 Design temperature
F
rr
11
1
-2 - -.
f !
~ ~_mber passes per shell
in
0.0625
36 Corrosion allowance
In
6/ 150ANSI
6/150 ANSI
37 Connections
3/150 ANSI
6 / 150 ANSI
38
Size/ratinL - - ._ ' Out
Intermediate .
/150 ANSI
/ 150ANSI
39
in!
00 0.75
ft Pitch 0.9375
in Length 14
40 Tube No. 101
Tks~ 0.065
in
Material
CS
I
Tube
pattern
30
~ _T_~_t?~_!Y.P.~.
10
00 12.75
Shell cover
42 Shell
SS304
in
Channel cover
43 Channel or bonn..L__ Q____ _.
-- - " - ' -"""
44 Tubesheet-statio~ _.~_~.2.~,.
Tubesheet-floatin~L _
Impinqement protection
Plate on bundle
.. _ .__._ .
.. _r~ rE~Q.9~n.R)l~Cl~ _c;over
SS304
vert
inl
Cut(%d) 43
S29cin.9: clc 13
. __IY~__ _?l~gle seg
-'. !3affle-c~~~?ing
_~~~1.~
"'
--C
I
tI;
4J---aL-~
__
~ ~Cl.!f~:!<?_n.9
48 ~PP()r:t.? : tu. .g.e. .
49 ~Y.R?~s?E'!?1
50 _~.~p.Clrl~~()rl19i nt
51 ._RhoV2-lnlet
........._...
..-.... _
-_nozzle
.. -
52 Gaskets - Shell sig.e.
~~Uype
U-bend
Type
Ilnle!_ 14
groove/e~_~_
._._l)~
2596
.TI. r---._
_ ._JQ.a_t:.rlg head
54 Code requi!~f'!:I.~!1Js______~ME Code Sec VIII Div 1
1434.1
Filled with water 2197.3
55 WeiqhVShel1
Remarks
56 -_._
.. __ .... _._
.
57
58
1'1
__
Bundle exit 32
......
-- -
inl
..
TEMA class B
Bundle 827.7
Ib/(ft*s2) I
'--1
Ib
I
- ...---
-.-
2 Location:
3 Service of Unit:
...
C-910
4 Item No.:
Rev No.:
5 Date:
6 Size
7 Surf/unit(eff.)
Type BEM
in
473
14
F
F
Ib/ft3
cp
-- ...
Tube Side
........
BTU/(lb*F)
16983
16983
181.6
175.4
175
90
120
0.203
0.091
51.497
62.224
0.255
0.762
61.864
0.561
0.3126
0.009
BTUJ(ft*h*F)
15.59
157.1
16
ftls
9.9
ID
50 Expansion joint
51 RhoV2-lnlet nozzle
52 Gaskets - Shell side
751
ICode
1
8
0.0625
BTUJ(h*ft2*F)
..
'
2/150 ANSI
2/150ANSI
/150 ANSI
ft Pitch 0.9375
Tube pattern 30
in
I
.. -
--- -
Channel cover
Tub~~heet-floating
Impinqem~PE()t~ction
_single seg
Seal type
Cut(%d}
43
-~ - .
vert
Plate on bundle
Spacing: dc 30
U-bend
Inlet
__. _ -in
in
20.25
--
lYJ:>e__.
_.gr()ove/~_x"pand
Tube-tubesheet joint
Type
Bundle entrance 99
Tube Side
----.. _-,...... _.
.~
.
-- - .
Bundle exit 36
.. - .. _--_ ...... ...
Floating head
54 Code requirements
55 Weight/Shell
_....E...
69.13
0.065
in Length 6
Material CS
Shell cover
in
Type
757
0.22
0.003
ICode
180
CS
1--
44 Tubesheet-.~tational.. SS304 __.
1-._.
45 Floating head cover _
48 Supports-tube
49 Bypass seal
..___J
Sketch
250
Channel
43 -_.. _--or bonnet
SS304
15
Tube Side
1/150 ANSI
OD 24
----
80
0.71
Clean 139.86
72.57
6/150 ANSI
6/150 ANSI
Tks-avg
_._-_ ... _
0.315
in
Intermediate
OD 0.75
~~
751
0.9998
0.364
-----_.... _-_.
0.003
MTD corrected
..
..
psi
1.0006
.__ .. 0.352
0.074
psi
ft2*h*F/BTU
BTu/h
Dirty
509570
0.505
..
156
BTUlib
26 Velocity
27 Pressure drop, allow.lcalc.
31
5634
3129
..
24 Latent heat
25 Inlet pressure (absolute)
32
33 DesiqnlTestEessure
34 Design temp_erature
8763
- - -
21 Molecular wt, NC
22 Specific heat
23 Thermal conductivity
58
ft2
16983
Ib/h
Ib/h
15
57
1series
._--_._
--
473
8763
Ib/h
16 Temperature (In~Q.l!!)
17
Dew / Bubble J!9J.rlL
Density
18
._--.-
. . - - .
19 Viscosity
20 Molecular wt, Vap
56 Remarks
1 parallel
C. W
Noncondensable
53
Connected in
Surf/shell (eff.)
Ib/h
Vapor (In/OutL-.._..
Liquid
46 Baffle-crossing
47 Baffle-long
hor
Shells/unit 1
ft2
.. .....
Job No.:
23--72
8
9 Fluid allocation
10 Fluid name
12
Ib/(ft*s21
_-_.
.".-,--- _ ..
_----.
TEMA class
4020.3
Bundle
..
-~,, -
..-
1640.9
Ib
__ .. _
-- ..
---"
DECANTER
Identification
Item
Decanter
Date:
Item #
DE-nO
By:
No. Required
4/9/02
akg
Principal Function: Separating out all of the water from the ethyl acetate
Operation: Continuous
Materials
handled:
Inlet Stream
Quantity (lbmollhr):
Composition (lbmollhr):
Hydrogen
Carbon Dioxide
Acetaldehyde
Acetone
Ethyl Acetate
Ethanol
Water
Acetic Acid
Outlet Streams
S-704
36,555.16
S-801
8,295.16
S-901
439.28
< 0.001
trace
trace
0
3.63
439.38
803.75
55.58
6,208 .52
784.29
trace
0
3.16
229.99
174.35
2.39
29.39
trace
25.83
2,463.10
22,576.48
195.55
8,418.79
2,875.41
Temperature (oF):
Pressure (psia):
113
36.0
Diameter (ft):
Volume (ft\
Heat Duty (MMBtulhr):
Design Data:
117.5
35.5
167.6
22.0
Stainless Steel
14.5 Material of
12165.78 Constmction:
0.00288
81
Distillation Column
Identification Item
Item #
Distillation Column
DC-500
No. Required
4/1/02
cp
Date:
By:
Materials handled:
S-501a
Quantity (lb/hr): 105,379.58
Composition (lblhr):
Hydrogen
0.04
220.69
Carbon Dioxide
Methane
50.38
Ethylene
50.00
Ethane
54.41
Acetaldehyde
12,843.29
Acetone
1,162.71
Ethyl Acetate
2,765.36
Ethanol
865.08
Water
19,808.00
Acetic Acid
67,559.63
Temperature (oF):
Pressure (psi):
Design Data: No. of Trays:
Feed Tray:
S-504
2,885.40
S-506
92,139.53
trace
0.04
215.16
47.99
41.93
49.63
2,527.19
trace
trace
trace
0.19
trace
trace
trace
trace
trace
trace
9.57
1,162.71
4,106.58
163.78
20,051.42
66,645.46
101.8
32
262.7
37.8
5.53
2.39
8.07
4.78
10,306.52
trace
trace
trace
27.372
trace
121.8
43.5
71
28
2
4.5
156
S-502
10,354.66
101.8
32
Comments and Drawings: See process flowsheet pg. 14 and Appendix A p. 165
82
Identification
CONDENSER COLUMN
Item
Condenser column
Item #
DC-510
No. Required
1
Date:
By:
4/9/02
cp
Principal Function:
Operation:
Continuous
Materials handled:
Outlet Streams
S-503
Inlet Stream
S-504
Quantity (lbmol/hr):
Composition (Ibmol/hr):
Hydrogen
Carbon Dioxide
Methane
Ethylene
Ethane
Acetaldehyde
Acetone
Ethyl Acetate
Ethanol
Water
Acetic Acid
62,277.57
Design Data:
Utilities:
~
1.30
0.54
1.88
1.09
2,455.29
trace
3.456
0.041
213.86
47.45
40.05
48.54
71.90
trace
< 0.001
98.3
30.1
421.84
trace
101.80
32
No. of Trays:
Feed Tray:
Tray Spacing (ft):
Diameter (ft):
Volume (ft3):
S-505
2,463.56
trace
trace
trace
trace
trace
4.87
785 .95
2,775.97
110.71
13,553.36
45,046 .71
Temperature (oF):
Pressure (psia):
83
10
28
28
3.79
Distillation Column
Identification
Item
Distillation Column
Date:
Item #
No. Required
DC-610
By:
4/9/02
cp
Principal Function:
Operation:
Continuous
Materials handled:
S-602
Quantity (Ib/hr):
Composition (Ib/hr):
Hydrogen
Carbon Dioxide
Methane
Ethylene
Ethane
Acetaldehyde
Acetone
Ethyl Acetate
Ethanol
Water
Acetic Acid
Temperature (oF):
Pressure (psia):
S-603
29,861.62
22,326.31
20,743.76
trace
trace
trace
trace
trace
3.10
376.83
1,330.91
53.08
6,498.49
21,599.21
< 0.001
trace
0
0
0
17.83
1,598.79
17,200.99
110.58
1,746.22
1,651.91
trace
trace
0
0
0
trace
0.006
0.016
< 0.001
366.13
20,377.61
117.9
98
263.2
100
Design Data:
No. of Trays :
Feed Tray:
Ethyl Acetate Tray:
Tray Spacing (ft):
Diameter (ft):
Height (ft):
Utilities:
30
17
2
2
10.5
74
84
S-103
369.9
98.6
S-801
8,295.16
trace
0
0
0
0
3.63
439 .38
803 .75
55 .58
6,208.52
784.29
117.5
35.5
95
2.5
Stainless Steel
Item
Item #
No . Required
Principal Function:
Operation:
Continuous
Distillation Column
DC-8l0
1
Date:
By:
4/9/02
cp
S-804
S-805
S-707
Quantity (lb/hr):
Composition (lb/hr):
Hydrogen
Acetaldehyde
Acetone
Ethyl Acetate
Ethanol
Water
Acetic Acid
1,194.31
439.28
755.2
trace
trace
Temperature (oF):
Pressure (psia):
18l.7
25
Materials handled:
trace
3.31
3.16
0.17
293.44
229.99
63 .50
784.24
174.35
610.00
5.13
2.39
2.74
29 .39
77 .92
107.31
0.88
trace
167.6
22
Design Data:
No. of Trays:
Feed Tray:
Tray Spacing (ft):
Diameter (ft):
Height (ft):
Utilities:
19
14
2
1.5
52
0.88
18l.9
25
85
--"
DISTILLATION COLUMN
Identification
Item
Item #
No. Required
Principal Function:
Operation:
Continuous
Distillation Column
DC-900
1
Materials handled:
Quantity (lblhr):
Composition (lb/hr):
Hydrogen
Carbon Dioxide
Acetaldehyde
Acetone
Ethyl Acetate
Ethanol
Water
Acetic Acid
S-901
S-902
5,933.43
1,577.33
< 0.001
trace
trace
trace
4 .66
Temperature (oF):
Pressure (psia):
< 0.001
4/1/02
cp
S-706
4,356.10
< 0.001
trace
4.66
424.90
0.89
424.01
4,571.37
1,136.39
3,434.98
29.39
0.24
29.15
464.07
1.79
462.28
439 .05
438.03
1.02
117.5
35
221
28
Design Data:
No. of Trays:
Feed Tray:
Tray Spacing (ft):
Diameter (ft):
Height (ft):
Utilities:
20
10
2
2
54.5
86
Date:
By:
181.9
25
DISTILLATION COLUMN
Identification
Item
Item #
No. Required
Distillation Column
DC-910
1
Principal Function:
411102
cp
Date:
By:
Continuous
Operation:
Materials handled:
Quantity (lblhr):
Composition (lb/hr):
Hydrogen
Carbon Dioxide
Acetaldehyde
Acetone
Ethyl Acetate
Ethanol
Water
Acetic Acid
S-902
S-903
S-102
1,577.33
1,139.31
438.03
trace
trace
0
0
0
0
< 0.001
Temperature (oF):
Pressure (psia):
< 0.001
trace
0.89
1,136.39
1,134.92
0.24
0.24
1.79
1.79
0.001
438.03
1.48
436.55
221
28
175
16
No. of Trays:
Feed Tray:
Tray Spacing (ft):
Diameter (ft):
Height (ft):
Utilities:
I
I
0.89
Design Data:
trace
1.47
< 0.001
263.2
20.1
- - -
87
- -
.......
FIRED HEATER
Identification Item
Item #
Furnace
F-230
No. Required
Principal Function:
conditions
4/8/02
Date:
akg
By:
Operation: Continuous
Materials handled:
Quantity (lb/hr):
Composition (lblhr):
Hydrogen
Carbon Dioxide
Methane
Ethylene
Ethane
Acetaldehyde
Acetone
Ethyl Acetate
Ethanol
Water
Acetic Acid
Temperature (oF):
Pressure (psia):
Design Data:
Inlet Streams
S-203
42,57l.91
trace
trace
Outlet Stream
S-204
20,402.42
S-205
62,974.33
trace
0.006
1.49
0.001
365.11
42,205.31
7,781.47
5,137.53
1,495.12
855.34
855.42
621.46
285.40
906.51
17.25
933.97
1,512.96
7,781.47
5,137.53
1,495.12
855.34
855.42
621.46
285.40
908.00
17.25
1,299.08
43,718.26
464.7
255 .0
477.6
254.8
599
252
Comments and Drawings: See process flowsheet pg. 13 and Appendix A p. 180.
88
FLASH VESSEL
Identification Item
Item #
4/9102
cp
No. Required
Principal Function: Separates the S-302 stream into a vapor and liquid
Operation: Continuous
Materials handled:
Inlet Stream
S-302
Quantity (lblhr):
Composition (Iblhr):
Hydrogen
Carbon Dioxide
Methane
Ethylene
Ethane
Acetaldehyde
Acetone
Ethyl Acetate
Ethanol
Water
Acetic Acid
Temperature (oF):
Pressure (psia):
Outlet Streams
S-303
S-306
39,509.77
23,469.70
62,979.67
7,088.04
7,088 .02
5,425.88
5,328 .15
1,565.20
1,543.27
916 .63
893.76
921.10
898.61
13,471 .78
6,792 .88
665.76
119.04
907.31
126.56
771 .84
33.52
7,201 .08
266.36
24,045.05
379.53
0.02
97.73
21.93
22.87
22.49
6,677.43
546.90
78l.38
738.33
6,935.17
23,665.52
113
113
244.7
113
244.7
244.7
Design Data:
Vapor Fraction:
Diameter (ft):
Volume([t'"'3):
89
~ - ----.-
2 Locauon :
- --
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - _._ - - - -
Our Reference:
- - -=-=::.....:...
= .::.:.=.="---- - - - - - - - - - - - - -._._ - - -
3 Service of Unit:
HX-200
4 Item No .:
Your Reference:
Rev No.:
5 Date:
Job No.:
47 --240
6 Size
Type BEM
in
7 Surf/unit{eff.)
8343.1
vert
Connected in
Shells/unit 1
ft2
1 parallel
Surf/shell (eff.)
1 series
8343.1
tt2
Fluid allocation
9 --==-=:.::..::;::..::..::.:..:.....f-=+
_
10 Fluid name
1--'
---
Shell Side
- + - ----=.:..;.::.:c....::;=.::;-
---
=-_ _ __
11 Fluid quantity. Total
12
Tube Side
-..----'--'=-=-==-=--
_+
20322
- -
,, - .261
-=27:..r6:..::5:.::2e-_
-.-
20322
3733
--27652
23919
-,~----+-~~~-~-~~~
Liquid
13
~+-~~~--------------~I~b/~h
_ _ _ __
14
Noncondensable _ __ _ ___ __ ---'-''lb''''/h'_'+_-.--- - -_ t _ - - --_t_
l--"-'-i_--'-'-'''-====~
.- -
15
241.9
16 Temperature (In/Out)
~+__'_'=:J"--e.:.;=c:::..l"-"-'::.=L---------------'-F+_-~55"-'6"".9~--I- -~~-+--..::..:....:..:=
-
17
Dew / Bubble point
F
~
0.406=--__+
Density_ __ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ _~lb~/~tt=_3~-~~-_+-~~
0.294
19 Viscosity
0.017
cp
~2c:c0-t-'-'-Mc:cO-,-,le",c.=.
ul:.::
a.;....
r "'-'-".
wt.-'-'V a-'p_ ___.. .___ _ _ __
_ _ _ _--t_ _ _ _ ___t_-
~2c.:.
1-t-'-'-Mc:co-'-'le'-=c.=.
ul:.::
a.;...."'-'-".
r wt . _--=~
N C __ _._..__
. _ __ ____
22 Specific heat
0.013
+-_ _____t_.I
_ _
BTUI(lb'F)
0.7755
........
-.-
...
463.45
58_042
1.925
0.375
0.015
---
--
464.7
~-.
0.7328
0.5679
0.4608
0 .073
0.085 _-+_ - -0'.02
0.089
23 I~ermal conductivity_ _ _ _ _ _---=B=-T:....:U""/->.:(tt.=....:..:h'-'FC..l=)+ -_ -===_-+_
-=-:..::..:.-=---_+_
_ -=-:"::=
= .... _--
182.3
141 .5 .....
24 Latent heat
_.... _ __ __ _ _ _ --=B=-T-'--U::.:/c.:..:lb=-t-_ _ _ _--<~----+---"-==~-----'-_'_"_'-'-"
25 ~~p!essure (absolute)
2si
250.915
263
_.. _._--
26 Velocity
_ _ __
_ _<=_
p~si=-t __ _ =--_--'_--=2"-'
5
.0:..::83
"'_ _ t--
ft2'h'F/BTU
31
10.11
Dirty
10.8
BTU/(hft2'FJ
Sketch
Shell Side
33 DesignlTest pressure ..
psi
260/
. _ _T:....:u:.::b..::.e...=S:..:.:id:..:e:...-._
/ Code
280/
/ Code
-+-___-=5~Q. __ _ _
62..:..0_ __
34 ..!?esign temperature
._-----L
51.03
Clean 11.61
32
0.138
0.003
=2.:::.9FH
:..:.e"-'a::..:t-"e:.:.:xcha:.:.n=qled
"'.:::
:::..-_ __-"3
4 ::..:0~o5:..:1.=.2...:..4_ _ __.__ .J~I:::c/h,-U,-,_ _ _ _.:.:.
MTD corrected
30 Transfer rate . Service
8
-=-
0 .003
f-"'-"'+-...::=:.::::..:.:=-"'-_ _ ~=..:..---+----=.:8/
-'3--'0:...:0-AN---'S"-I-t- .
f-"'-"'-l-_ _""-"-___ _ _--'-.:..:..:..:c="'-==........L_ ._ _....:/_ 3
::.;;0.0 ANSI
--'3::..:,/....::3::::.0-"-0.:...:A::...:N=-S,-I
3 / 300 ANSI
/ 30Q1\NSI. . __
_ _ _.._
~:.t_:_=~~~'-.:.....---=~.:.:....:::--T.!...!k.!::s:..::
-a::..!v;;L.
g ....:0::.;..0~-~='----i:!.Cn~L~e::!.n~g~th:....=.2c~0
49
__ ..__.._ _ . _ tt
OD 48
,~=
_
in
Material SS304
..
Tube pattern. ..:::.=-30 _ _ _ 1
Shell co'-"v.:;::
er:..........._ __ _ __ .._... .... _ _ __ ____
in
_ _ ________+_-"C'"'-h::::nn
a.:..::..::e::..:I=cov.e:.:...
.c: r - --
- -- - --
- - - - -- - -.. .
____ _ __.. ___
.= ==-'--..:....:.-"-_ __ _ _ _ __ _-j----'Tu
:::.:b::..:e~s::..:
h=-ee=..:t=~_<:J.Cl!i!1g
r---:-o:+--=~L:..:.:='-'=...:..::.:
_ __
Pitch 0 .9375
_ _ _________ __...L.:I.:..:m.:r:..:.:piin"g;<=e.:..:m.:.::e::..:n.:..tr::pr-=o..:ote~cc=tio!1
None
._______
_ _~t..=
Type'___=s::..:.ln:.;;gc..:
le:...:s::..:e:;;g'___...::C:..:u'""t(...:.od
i<::..::.L)_.::.25
=___ J:!.()f__pacing: clc 9, ? ._ _
49 ..~..1'P.ilss seal
_ ._ _ _ ---=::....::.en
U -b= c.:.:d=___ _ _____ __
891
_ _ .. .._._ __
F'loati!1_9...b.~_~...._.______
- - - - -- - _
_
_ __
__ __ __ _.-=B~~d.le_. e
.>.<it 601
Tube Side
......;..:;;..;;;..::.-.::..:.=__
_ _
- ......
_ __ ._ _ __ _
46721.4
Ib/(ft*s2)
_ __
.._
_....____
Ib
23819.6
_ - - - - - - ----- - - - -- _._-
_ _._____ .............- - - -- --
..__
_ _ _ __ T
:_:E"'M"'-'-'A:....:c:.:.:
la:::s::;:s_.::
B_ _.._ ___ __
Bundle
_ __
_ __ __ _ _ __ ._ _ _ _ __ ____ __ _ __ _ __
32081.7
. _.________._
52 Gaskets
- Shell side
......................
.........._...... ......::c.=;.;...=.---'-'_
_ __ _ __ _ _ _._....._
571-._ ____
58
___--"T.LJy~~__ _._
Type
~r-Remarks
in
_ llnlet_..11:l:Q~ _ _Ln
_ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ ~Tu
=::..;:....tuc=
b e -;.:: b.=.
es=hc.;:..::
e e:.:..tL:joint
"'""'_ _---'g<.:....::roQy.!'!le~p~
.
__ . __
50 Expansion jOint
53
- _
...
_---
_Company:
Location:
Our Reference:
Service of Unit:
HX-210
Your Reference:
Item No.:
Job No.:
Rev No.:
51 Date:
58--120
in
Type BEM
hor Connected in
6 Size
19261.5
ft2
Shells/unit 3
Surflshell (eft.)
7 Surf/unit eft.
PERFORMANCE OF ONE UNIT
8
9 Fluid allocatio~
"'v~..v"
Shell Side
)-1~u.
10
Ib/h
41237
11
Ib/h
41237
41237
12
13
Nonconde~c~hlo
14
V' 'VV'
.~
VV'.~__
1"
16 TemR~@_~re (In/Out)
17 _Dew I By'p_ble point
18 Densi
_ ____
!Q. Viscosi
556.8
280.1
0.405
0.013
BTU/(lbF~
BTU/(ft*h*F
BTUllb
24 Latent heat
- -
Tube Side
:)-107
20402
20402
20402
202.6
475.51
--._-=
E-
ft2
b:-; /h~I===='1----~---==+===~~=
F
F
3series
==I~:h!1===il
------t--=-==~==
-+1- - - - +------+-----+-----
._ _ _ _ _ _
- - - - -.
1 parallel
6420.5
0.7339
0.073
0.7766
0.09
I
I
25
8.
0.386
psi
5
3.16
8
281 Fouling resist. (min)
ft2*h*F/BTU
0.003
0.003
29 Heat exchanged
8740987
BTu/h
MTD
- cc-Irrected
-
30 Transfer rate , Service
5.72
Dirty 16.7
Clean 18.72
31 1
CONSTRUCTION OF ONE SHELL
Sketch
32
Shell Side
Tube Side
331 DesignlTest pressure
psi
260/
! Code
280/
/ Code
620
34 Design temperature
F
540
35 Number passes per shell
I I
36 1Corrosion allowance
.____.. _i.~!. ____.__
37 Connections
In
10 / 300 ANSI
81300 ANSI .I
~_~_J3ize/rating
Out
10 / 300 A_~SI
10 / 300 ANSI I
39
inl
Intermediate
/ 300 ANSI
___
1 300 ANSI I
40 Tube No. 3427
_
00 0.75
Tks-avg 0.049
in LenRth 10 _ ______ ft Pitch 0.9375
41 Tube type
__._...________
Material SS304
[ Tube pattern 30
42 Shell
SS304
10
00 60
in . ._ Shell cover
.-.:::.
-'
w-~
~ 'yJl_<l.r1IlE!L.Qr bonnet
~l.l!~E!he.E!!:~tationary
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
Impingeme..f!!J~ rotec!Q_
n _ . _~one
Type
single seg
Seal type
_ _ .. _
1506
-:~~.. _~~s_k_e_ts-~:~~,-,d;.:.::e",a""d__
~ 9.o.cJ!'!J.equirements
55 WeiqhUShell
561 Remarks
57
1
1
58
.. ~hannel cover
___ _Iu_be.sheet-f1oating
SS304
SS304
in
Cut(%d) ~_'2.<?I.
in
in
U-bend
.... ._ _._....
__.._.--.!YP.e
_ _ __
Tube-tubesheet joint
groove/expand_
Type
__ _._.___._.____...__
Bundle entrance
1732
Bundle
exit
b/tf!':~~
..-- . ...... _
._-_._-..........
__ . 1256 .._ _I_
Tube Side
TEMA class B
Bundle 22316.9
Ib
________I ----'--S7h..:.:e:::,":_:S::.::ide
"'=---- -_j-------'Tc.::u:.:::bc::e_S,,,,,id,,,,,eoC-.__ .____
.
S -301
C Wo.
~ Q~..!l~_
---1--- - - - - 1 - --
- ,,
_ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.__'~,.
19 Vis~~l'_ __ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _...::=.I-----":.:.=...=--
+_-...::.:.::.='---t- _ ::.:
0 ."-.::::
78 3 =----1_---"..:.:
.5::.:.7...:.1_ _
1
!-"2:.-:0_f-'-'
Mo:.:,::.:
.:.:: lec:..::""
ula:.;,.r..:.;"".
wt ' -V:...:a:;<
IP'___ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ __ -t-_....:.::..:.:::.:._ __._f-- .:.=.:.:...::...--t----- - -t----.- -
I-c2:. :1--1-'-'
M.:.::o:.:,:le:..:c:..::u.:..:
la:.;,.r..:.;
wt
c;J.""N
.;:..C
=--_ _ __ _ _ _____ _-+_--..:4c.:4..:.:.0::.:1_.._ _".._..:.44..:.;.'-=-0..:...1_-+_ ____ --1_ _ _ __ _ 1
1-"'2=2+-=,-pe
S",::.;c""ifi.:.:;
lc:..oh.:.::ec=t
a.:..._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _-=B::.:T:..::U:..;./(>.::lb::-_*r:l_-=-0.'-'..7..:..::..
184-=----1-_-=0.c=.91
5.::..-=-----1f-_=_0:.::
.9..::.30=-:2=----1-_ __ 0.9567
~2~3+"T::.:.~~~~-=~n
he rma l co c:.:d::.::u:..::c:::.-'-'
tiv i~tty_ _ _ _ _ _____'B::<.T.:..:U~""'(1ft"--'-h'-*F'__":)4-_...:0
:::.:.-=7
0'__ _+-.......::0:.:.:
.0::.::9::.::9'--_+-_.0.0.:._30.5.::..6=--_ 1--_0..::..::..8
::.:36 =--_1
~2:.::'4+=-~te-,-,
La ~ n.:..:
th
c:.:e::.::::,_
at
__ __ _ _ _ _ _ _.......::B""'Tc.::U<'-/"'
lb'-l____ _---+_ _ _ _ _+_- -""".----"'-- -____ I
_ __ _ _ __
_ _ _--'-'W:..::s'-l-_
~2~7+_re:::=-u
P:...: ss=-:r-=e-=d::..=-'
ro p~.-=a-'.:..
"0w-'.-/ca
':..:...;lc:.:.. --------=psii'-l-_
28 Foulinq resist (min)
ft2*h*F/BTU
29 Heat exchan9..ed
30 Transfer rate. Service
_ _ _.:.::~:::.:
9 . 6 7----_+------~
4 .2~7------ 1
J
0.837
20 ___-'1_ ........;6:..;..1-'-'9c.::2=--_1
0.003
0.003
_ 2
==--_
31
CONSTRUCTION OF ONE SHELL
32
Shell Side
33 DesiqnlTest pressure
psi
2601
ICode
34 Desiqn temperature
35 Number passes per shell
Sketch
Tube Side
751
I Code
.
.
~
;
41
42
--43
44
Tube type
Shell
SS304
Channel or bonnet
Tubesheet-stationary
f.=4":'5~F-~
lo::.::a:.::ti:.:J
ng:L:.:.
he~a""'d::....c
:::;o:o.:vc:::
e'-r_ _ _ _ __ __
46 8affle-crossino
SS304
Type
Impingem~.n!.pr();~ction
___ __
single=-~se-"'g"--_
_C
=_u=-t"-'-(o/~d)
44
vert
Plate on b.LJQ_d_le__ __ __
Spacing: clc 30
in
4:::7:...~B~aff
~c:.:le:.-::.::
. lo~n.:;z.g----------.-;::S-=al
e"-'-~Q.e=--_._ _ ___._ _ _......"..... _ _ ___'_I""lnc:.:leL_?B.125
4.~8~S.:::
u ~~"'
pP(O rts:..:
-t:.::
u.:::::::_..
be _ _ _ __ __
,~~)'P.ass
____'U
::<.-_"b_=
e::.:.:::_.._
nd
... _
_. _ _i_n
seal
5~0_+=-~~~~
Ex p a n s::.::
io::.:
n..J;joi
:::;::.:.
nt:..-_
. ~5::!..3j---......:.F..:.:=o
lo a'-"ti.:..:
n-"g--'-'h-=ad
e=:::.....-.-------- . - - - . - _._...........__.__ _ __ ___. . _-- -- - - -
54 Code reg uiremen~.._ ._ _-'A..:cS=M~E....:C""'od=e....:S""'e::.::c:...V:..:I.:.:".:::.D~iv:....:...1_ ___ ._ _ .
TEMA class .=B_ _ _ _ _ _ __
55 WeighVSheil
33610.4
Filled with water 52103.5
Bundle 24991 .7
Ib
56 Remarks
-,,---- - -- -- .-.._""..""___.......... _.
Reference:
_._--_._-----_._..__Your
... .._---.-.-----
_ - --- - _
HX-530
... _--_..
..
Job No.:
19--=~5.9______
8
9 Fluid allocation
..
"
Rev No.:
5 Date:
6 Size
7 Surf/unit(eft.)
320
Connected in
1 Rarallel
Surf/shell (eft.)
320
hor
_._-----_._---_._.
---
10 Fluid name
11 Fluid guanti~, Total
E . VaRor (In/Out)
13
14
Our Reference:
3 Service of Unit:
Li9.lJi.cL......
Ib/h
Ib/h
Noncondensable
Ib/h
tt2
Tube Side
)-5Ob~
Ib/h
1series
CW
44655
100948
44655
44655
100948
100948
262.7
158
90
120
56.556
0.273
60.619
0.498
62.224
0.762
61 .861
0.6681
0.149
0.6283
0.15
1.0006
0.352
0.9998
0.364
15
~ ~mRerature (In/Out)
~ Dew / Bubble point
F
F
Iblft3
cp
18 Density
19 Viscosi~
20 Molecular wt, VaR
21 Molecular wt, NC
22 Specific heat
23 Thermal conductivity
BTUI(lb~F)
BTUI(ft*h~F)
24 Latent heat
25 Inlet pressure (absolute)
BTUllb
26 Velocity
27 Pressure drop, allowJcalc.
28 Fouling resist. (min)
psi
37 .8
ftls
1.45
---.--- -
psi
34 Design temRerature
35 Number Rasses per shell
36 Corrosion allowance
37 Connections
in
In
~ _Si?e/rating
in /
;39
40 Tube No. 82
Out
Intermediate
00 0.75
ID
OD 10.75
44 Tubesheet-statio~'~Q~
.5~ Floating head cover
46 Baffle-crossing_ SS304
47 Baffle-Ionq
48 Supports-tube
F
BTUI(htt2~F)
Sketch
Tube Side
751
I Code
180
2
0.0625
~
.
6/ 150 ANSI
6/ 150 ANSI
/ 150 ANSI
/ 150 ANSI
0.065
in Length 20
Material CS
Shell cover
in
tt Pitch 0.9375
I Tube Rattern
Channel cover
in
30
._.
Impinqement protection
T~e
single seg
Seal type
Cut(%d)
27
Tube-tubesheet joint
Type
58
-
C'1.
10.5625
Tube Side
2- f--.
Inlet
in
in
qroove/expand
~ rB~f!1arks
SRacing: dc 4.625
Type
U-bend
-'-
None
hor
95.18
Tubesheet-floating
49 Bypass seal
50 Expansion joint
1130
51 RhoV2lnlet nozzle
52 Gaskets - Shell side
Floating h~l.g_ .._
53
3.453
0.003
Clean 344.11
330
CS
20
0.003
MTD corrected
3/ 150 ANSI
3/ 150 ANSI
Tks-avg
80
5.25
- - _._----_...
4.707
._- -
tt2*h*F/BTU
BTUlh
Dirty
3029000
29 Heat exchanged
99.44
104.88
30 Transfer rate, Service
CONSTRUCTION OF ONE SHELL
31
Shell Side
32
psi
751
ICode
33 Desiqn/Test pressure
41 Tube type .
SS304
42 Shell
43 Channel or bonnet
0.561
Ib/(ft*s2)
__
-_...._--- - _.
Bundle
935
Ib
2
3
4
5
6 Size
7 Surf/unit(eft.)
. .. .
-_._.-- .
.....HX-710
Rev No.:
Our Reference:
Your Reference:
--, .. _---_.__._-_..
Job No.:
17 --240
921
in
ft2
Typ-e BEM
Shells/unit 1
hor
Connected in
Surf/shell (eft.)
8
9 Fluid allocation
10 Fluid name
Ib/h
Ib/h
Ib/h
Ib/h
ft2
Tube Side
S-70;
Cw
1 series
1 f2arallel
921
122949
40674
122949
40674
40674
120
257
113
62.224
0.762
61 .862
0.561
49.737
0.212
55.839
0.49
1.0006
0.352
0.9998
0.364
0.6598
0.141
0.6038
0.146
122949
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
Temperature (In/Out)
F
F
Iblft3
cp
BTu/llb*F)
BTUI(ft*h*Fl.
BTUllb
psi
_.
90
._-
80
2.57
ftls
psi
ft2*h*F/BTU
BTU/h
Dirty
20
...
28 Foulinq resist. (min)
3689136
29 Heat ex~hanged
86.31
95.47
30 Transfer rate, Service
CONSTRUCTION OF ONE SHELL
31
Shell Side
32
-_.
psi
751
ICode
33 g~~gnfTest ~ressure
180
F
r-!2-~_~lgn
temf2erature
~
1
~~ ~.r:nber f2asses f2er shell
0.0625
in
36 Corrosion allowance
In
6/ 150 ANSI
37 Connections
6/ 150 ANSI
Out
Size/raUnq
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
in /
Tube No. 236
Tube type
Shell
CS
Channel or bo~net
Tubesheet-stational}'
45 Fl oa lin~Lh.~ad cover
CS
46 Baftle-c!ossing
47 Baffle- lo.r:!9
..
19.818
0.003
MTD corrected
Clean 260.06
Tube Side
I Code
320
6
-.- ...------.- -.
751
- . - ~ -.-----
3 / 150 ANSI
3/ 150ANSI
Intermediate
/ 150 ANSI
/ 150 ANSI
00 0.75
Tks-avg 0.065
in Length 20
Material CS
10._.
0018
Shell cover
in
Channel cover
SS304
SS304
Tubesheet-floatinq
Type
single seg
Seal type
U-bend
..
39
2.6
'_.
.lD:lJ>.irJ.gement f2rotection
hor
Cut(%d) 27
2.503
0.003
BTu/(h*ft2*F)
Sketch
~
,
,
ft Pitch 0.9375
I Tube f2attern
57
58
.... ........
Ot
in
30
None
-
in
in
Sf2acing: dc 3.625
15.9375
Iiniet
_....._-_.
._ --_.
._.._.....J.Y2e
.._--_..
~ ~u.QQorts-tube
Tube-tubesheet
joint
49 Bypass seal
groovelexf2and
._.. __ .
e
50 Exf2ansion joint
T:tf2
.---_.
487
Bundle entrance 403 -_._-_._-_._-
51 RhoV2-lnlet nozzle
-Bundle
--_._- exit 405
Tube Side
52 Gaskets - Shell side
--_.._
F!oating head
53
ASME Code Sec VIII Div 1
TEMA class B
54 Code reQuir~r:nen\s
4306
Filled with water 6250.3
Bundle 2730.5
55 WeiqhUShell
2. Remarks
_----.L
46.41
Ib/(ft*s2)
Ib
. -
_---
._---
-..-
PUMP
Identification
Item
Item #
No . Required
Date:
By:
Pump
P-110
1
4/1/02
akg
Principal Function: Increase the pressure of the S-104 Stream from M-100
Operation:
Continuous
Materials handled:
Quantity (lblhr):
trace
trace
trace
trace
trace
0.006
1.49
0.001
365.11
42,205.31
trace
0.006
1.49
0.001
365.11
42,205.31
238
14.7
241.9
263
Composition (lb/hr):
Hydrogen
Carbon Dioxide
Methane
Ethylene
Ethane
Acetaldehyde
Acetone
Ethyl Acetate
Ethanol
Water
Acetic Acid
Temperature (oF):
Pressure (psia):
Design Data:
Type:
Centrifugal Efficiency:
Pressure Change (psia):
248.3 Electricity Required (KW)
Volumetric Flow Rate (ft31hr):
720.2 Material of Construction:
Net Work (hp):
24.9
0.52
18.6
Stainless Steel
Comments and Drawings: See process flow sheet pg.13 and pricing info on Appendix A pg.184
95
PUMP
Identification
Item
Item #
No. Required
Pump
P-540
1
4/1/02
akg
Date:
By:
Principal Function: To increase the pressure of the S-507 stream from HX-530
Operation:
Continuous
Materials handled:
Quantity (lb/hr):
trace
trace
trace
trace
trace
6.47
785.89
2,775.68
110.70
13,552.93
45,046.25
trace
6.47
785.89
2,775.68
110.70
13,552.93
45,046.25
158
31.8
159.2
235
Composition (lb/hr):
Hydrogen
Carbon Dioxide
Methane
Ethylene
Ethane
Acetaldehyde
Acetone
Ethyl Acetate
Ethanol
Water
Acetic Acid
Temperature (oF):
Pressure (psia):
Design Data:
Type:
Centrifugal Efficiency:
Pressure Change (psia):
203.2 Electricity Required (KW~
Volumetric Flow Rate (ft3Ihr):
95307 Material of Construction:
Net Work (hp):
25 .3
trace
trace
.trace
trace
0.56
18.6
Stainless Steel
Comments and Drawings: See process flowsheet pg.14 and pricing info on Appendix A pg.185
96
PUMP
Identification
Item
Item #
No. Required
Pump
P-600
1
4/1/02
Date:
By:
akg
Operation:
Continuous
Materials handled:
Quantity (lblhr):
trace
trace
trace
trace
trace
3.10
376.83
1,330.91
53.08
6,498.49
21,599.21
trace
trace
trace
trace
trace
3.10
376.83
1,330.91
53.08
6,498.49
21,599.21
262.7
37.8
263.2
100
Composition (lb/hr):
Hydrogen
Carbon Dioxide
Methane
Ethylene
Ethane
Acetaldehyde
Acetone
Ethyl Acetate
Ethanol
Water
Acetic Acid
Temperature (oF):
Pressure (psia):
Design Data:
Type:
Centrifugal Efficiency:
Pressure Change (psia):
62.2
Electricity Required (KW~
Volumetric Flow Rate (ft31hr):
551.7 Material of Construction:
Net Work (hp):
5.14
0.49
3.83
Stainless Steel
Comments and Drawings: See process flowsheet pg.14 and pricing info on Appendix A pg.186
97
PUMP
Iden tification
Item
Item #
No. Required
Pump
P-620
4/1/02
Date:
By:
akg
Principal Function: Increase the pressure of the S-604 stream from DE-720
Operation:
Continuous
Materials handled:
Quantity (lb/hr):
I
I
I
22,326.31
< 0.001
< 0.001
trace
trace
17.83
1,598.79
17,200.99
110.58
1,746.22
1,651.91
17.83
1,598.79
17,200.99
110.58
1,746.22
1,651.91
Composition (lblhr):
Hydrogen
Carbon Dioxide
Methane
Ethylene
Ethane
Acetaldehyde
Acetone
Ethyl Acetate
Ethanol
Water
Acetic Acid
Temperature (oF):
Pressure (psia):
117.9
35
Design Data:
Centrifugal Efficiency:
Type:
Pressure Change (psia):
Electricity Required (KW~
9
Volumetric Flow Rate (ft3 /hr):
399.2 Material of Construction:
Net Work (hp):
0.6
118.1
98
0.44
0.44
Stainless Steel
Comments and Drawings: See process flowsheet pg.14 and pricing info on Appendix A pg.187
98
PUMP
Identification
Item
Item #
No. Required
Pump
P-730
1
Date:
By:
4/1/02
akg
Continuous
Operation:
Materials handled:
Quantity (lblhr):
< 0.001
trace
< 0.001
trace
4.82
487.45
4,044.88
31.88
540.20
1.90
4.82
487.45
4,044.88
31.88
540.20
1.90
182.3
24.7
182.5
40
Composition (lblhr):
Hydrogen
Carbon Dioxide
Methane
Ethylene
Ethane
Acetaldehyde
Acetone
Ethyl Acetate
Ethanol
Water
Acetic Acid
Temperature (oF):
Pressure (psia):
Design Data:
Type:
Centrifugal Efficiency:
Pressure Change (psia):
703
Electricity Required (KW;
Volumetric Flow Rate (ft3/hr):
97
Material of Construction :
Net Work (hp):
1.68
0.3
1.25
Stainless Steel
Comments and Drawings: See process flowsheet pg.15 and pricing info on Appendix A pg.187
-
99
PUMP
Identification
Item
Item #
No. Required
Pump
PB-500
Date:
By:
411102
akg
Principal Function:
Operation:
Continuous
Inlet Stream
92130.05
Materials handled:
Quantity (lblhr):
Outlet Stream
92130.05
Composition (lb/hr):
Hydrogen
trace
trace
Carbon Dioxide
trace
trace
Methane
trace
trace
Ethylene
trace
trace
Ethane
trace
trace
Acetaldehyde
7.21
7.21
Acetone
1,162.69
1,162.69
Ethyl Acetate
4,106.62
4,106.62
163.78
163.78
Water
20,050.10
20,050.10
Acetic Acid
66,639.65
66,639.65
114.97
34
262.7
37.8
Ethanol
Temperature (oF):
Pressure (psia):
Design Data:
Centrifugal
Type:
Pressure Change (psia)
2
289.23
Volumetric Flow Rate
4.18
Net Work (hp):
I
100
Efficiency:
0.56
7.46
Electricity Required (K"
Material of Construction Stainless Steel
PUMP
Identification
Item
Item #
No. Required
Pump
PB-6l0
1
Date:
By:
Principal Function:
Operation:
Continuous
Materials handled:
Quantity (lblhr):
Inlet Stream
20738.2
4/ 1/02
akg
Outlet Stream
20738.20
Composition (lb/hr):
Hydrogen
trace
trace
Carbon Dioxide
trace
trace
Methane
O.OOE+OO
O.OOE+OO
Ethylene
O.OOE+OO
O.OOE+OO
Ethane
O.OOE+OO
O.OOE+OO
Acetaldehyde
0.00
0.00
Acetone
0.01
0.01
Ethyl Acetate
0.02
0.02
Ethanol
0.00
0.00
366.31
366 .31
20,371.87
20,371 .87
297 .32
98.5
272.5
98.6
Water
Acetic Acid
Temperature (oF):
Pressure (psia) :
Design Data:
Type:
Pressure Change (psia)
Volumetric Flow Rate
Net Work (hp):
Centrifugal
0.1
493.46
4.68
101
Efficiency:
0.56
Electricity Required (KVI
11.2
Material of Construction Stainless Steel
PUMP
Identification
Item
Item #
No. Required
Pump
PB-810
1
Date: ,
By:
Principal Function:
Operation:
Continuous
Inlet Stream
755.20
Materials handled:
Quantity (lb/hr):
4/1/02
akg
Outlet Stream
755.20
Composition (lb/hr):
Hydrogen
220E-27
2.20E-27
Carbon Dioxide
0,00
0.00
Methane
0.00
0.00
Ethylene
0.00
0,00
Ethane
0,00
0.00
Acetaldehyde
0.17
0,17
63.50
63.50
610.00
610.00
2.74
2.74
77.92
77.92
0.88
0,88
183.14
24.8
184.33
Acetone
Ethyl Acetate
Ethanol
Water
Acetic Acid
Temperature (oF):
Pressure (psia):
Design Data:
Centrifugal
Type:
0.1
Pressure Change (psia)
Flow Rate (gpm):
4.24
0.04
Net Work (hp):
102
24.9
Efficiency:
0.56
Electricity Required (KVI
0.097
Material of Construction Stainless Steel
PUMP
I
Date:
By:
4/ 1/02 1
akg
Item
Item #
No. Required
Principal Function:
Operation:
Continuous
Pump
PB-900
1
Materials handled:
Quantity (lblhr):
Inlet Stream
1577.98
Composition (lblhr):
Hydrogen
Carbon Dioxide
Methane
Ethylene
Ethane
Acetaldehyde
Acetone
Ethyl Acetate
Ethanol
Water
Acetic Acid
trace
trace
Temperature (oF):
Pressure (psia):
Design Data:
Type:
Centrifugal
Pressure Change (psia)
0.1
Flow Rate (gpm):
44.5 9
Net Work (hp):
0.17
103
Outlet Stream
1577.98
trace
trace
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.89
0.89
1,137.03
1,137.03
0.24
0.24
1.78
1.78
438.03
438 .03
212.64
27.9
221.03
28
0.6
Efficiency:
Electricity Required (K\\
0.37
Material of Construction Stainless Steel
PUMP
4/1/02
akg
Date:
By:
Identification
Item
Item #
No. Required
Pump
PB-910
1
Principal Function:
Operation:
Continuous
Materials bandied:
Quantity (lblhr):
Inlet Stream
438.03
Outlet Stream
438.03
Composition (1blhr):
Hydrogen
0.00
0.00
Carbon Dioxide
0.00
0.00
0.00
Methane
0.00
Ethylene
0.00
0.00
Ethane
0.00
0.00
Acetaldehyde
0.00
0.00
Acetone
0.00
0.00
Ethyl Acetate
1.48
1.48
Ethanol
0.00
0.00
Water
0.00
0.00
436 .56
436.56
261 .71
20
262.93
20.1
Acetic Acid
Temperature (oF):
Pressure (psia) :
Design Data:
Centrifugal
Type:
Pressure Change (psia)
0.1
Flow Rate (gpm):
2200.93
Net Work (hp):
0.125
104
Efficiency:
0.56
Electricity Required (K~
0.3
Material of Construction Stainless Steel
PUMP
Identification
Item
Item #
No. Required
Principal Function:
Operation:
Continuous
Date:
By:
Pump
PR-500
1
Materials handled:
Quantity (lb/hr):
Inlet Stream
13240.12
Composition (lb/hr):
Hydrogen
Carbon Dioxide
Methane
Ethylene
Ethane
Acetaldehyde
Acetone
Ethyl Acetate
Ethanol
Water
Acetic Acid
4/1/02
akg
Outlet Stream
13240.12
0.041
0.041
220.678
220.678
50.39
50.39
49.998
49.998
54.4
54.4
12,833.82
12,833.82
trace
trace
trace
trace
trace
trace
30.79
trace
Temperature (oF):
Pressure (psia):
114.97
34
Design Data:
Centrifugal
Type:
2
Pressure Change (psia)
Flow rate (gpm)
67.57
Net Work (hp):
0.62
-
105
30.79
trace
101.8
32
Efficiency:
0.6
Electricity Required (K'VI
1.49
Material of Construction Stainless Steel
PUMP
Identification
Item
Item #
No. Required
Date:
By:
Pump
PR-510
1
4/1/02
akg
Principal Function:
Operation:
Continuous
Inlet Stream
2070
Materials handled:
Quantity (lb/hr):
Outlet Stream
2070
Composition (lb/hr):
Hydrogen
Carbon Dioxide
37.26
37.26
Methane
2.836
13.04
2.836
9.23
9.23
2,007 .65
Ethylene
Ethane
13.04
2,007.65
Acetaldehyde
Acetone
trace
trace
Ethyl Acetate
trace
trace
Ethanol
trace
trace
Water
trace
trace
Acetic Acid
trace
trace
Temperature (oF):
Pressure (psia):
94
30
Design Data:
Centrifugal
Type:
Pressure Change (psia)
2
Flow Rate (gpm)
3.5
0.2
Net Work (hp):
106
10
28
Efficiency:
0.6
0.25
Electricity Required (K'"
Material of Construction Stainless Steel
PUMP
Date:
By:
Identification
Item
Item #
No. Required
Principal Function:
Operation:
Continuous
Pump
PR-610
1
4/1/02 1
akg
Materials handled:
Quantity (lblhr):
Inlet Stream
31437.96
Composition (lb/hr):
Hydrogen
Carbon Dioxide
Methane
Ethylene
Ethane
Acetaldehyde
Acetone
Ethyl Acetate
Ethanol
Water
Acetic Acid
Temperature (oF):
Pressure (psia):
Design Data:
Centrifugal
Type:
2
Pressure Change (psia)
Flow Rate (gpm):
241.8
Net Work (hp):
2.34
107
Outlet Stream
31437.96
8.00E-05
1.71 E-08
0.00
0.00
0.00
22 .03
1,974.66
18,527.79
163.64
7,876 .99
2,872.85
8.00E-05
1.71 E-08
0.00
0.00
0.00
22.03
1,974.66
18,527.79
163.64
7,876.99
2,872.85
297 .32
95
272.5
97
Efficiency:
0.6
Electricity Required (K~
5.6
Material of Construction Stainless Steel
PUMP
'Identification
Item
Item #
No . Required
Principal Function:
Operation:
Continuous
Date:
By:
Pump
PR-800
1
Inlet Stream
1194.27
Materials handled:
Quantity (lblhr):
4/ 1102
akg
Outlet Stream
1194.27
Composition (lblhr):
Hydrogen
trace
trace
Carbon Dioxide
0.00
0.00
Methane
0.00
0.00
Ethylene
0.00
0.00
Ethane
0.00
0.00
Acetaldehyde
3.52
3.52
Acetone
293.40
293.40
Ethyl Acetate
784 .07
784.07
Ethanol
Water
Acetic Acid
Temperature (oF):
Pressure (psia) :
Design Data:
Type:
Centrifugal
Pressure Change (psia)
2
Flow Rate (gpm):
9.46
Net Work (hp):
0.11
108
5.13
5.13
107.27
107.27
0.88
0.88
181.81
25
182.04
27
Efficiency:
0.6
0.25
Electricity Required (K'-'
Material of Construction Stainless Steel
PUMP
Identification
Item
Item #
No. Required
Date:
By:
Principal Function:
Operation:
Continuous
Pump
PR-810
1
Materials handled:
Quantity (lb/hr):
Inlet Stream
439.06
4/1102
akg
Outlet Stream
439.06
Composition (lb/hr):
Hydrogen
2.00E-08
2.00E-08
Carbon Dioxide
0.00
0.00
Methane
0.00
0.00
Ethylene
0.00
0.00
Ethane
0.00
0.00
Acetaldehyde
3.35
3.35
Acetone
229.90
229.90
Ethyl Acetate
174.07
174.07
2.39
2.39
29.35
29.35
0.00
0.00
167.98
22
174.97
24
Ethanol
Water
Acetic Acid
Temperature (oF):
Pressure (psia) :
Design Data:
Centrifugal
Type:
Pressure Change (psia)
2
Flow Rate (gpm):
4.09
0.043
Net Work (hp):
Efficiency:
0.6
0.097
Electricity Required (K'"
Material of Construction Stainless Steel
I
109
PUMP
Identification
Item
Item #
No. Required
Date:
By:
Pump
PR-900
1
Principal Function:
Operation:
Continuous
Materials handled:
Inlet Stream
4356.637
Quantity (lblhr):
Composition (lb/hr):
Hydrogen
Carbon Dioxide
Methane
Ethylene
Ethane
Acetaldehyde
Acetone
Ethyl Acetate
Ethanol
Water
Acetic Acid
Temperature (oF) :
Pressure (psia) :
4/1 /02
akg
Outlet Stream
4356.64
2.13E-05
4.48E-09
O.OOE+OO
O.OOE+OO
O.OOE+OO
4.95
423 .97
3,435.12
29.16
462.42
1.02
2.13E-05
4.48E-09
O.OOE+OO
O.OOE+OO
O.OOE+OO
4.95
423.97
3,435.12
29 .16
462.42
1.02
181.9
25
189.94
27
Design Data:
Centrifugal
Type :
2
Pressure Change (psia)
Flow Rate (gpm):
10.425
Net Work (hp) :
0.5
110
Efficiency:
0.6
1.12
Electricity Required (K"
Material of Construction Stainless Steel
PUMP
Identification
Item
Item #
No. Required
Principal Function:
Operation:
Continuous
Pump
PR-910
1
Date:
By:
Inlet Stream
1139.948
Materials handled:
Quantity (lb/hr):
4/1/02
akg
Outlet Stream
1139.95
Composition (lb/hr):
Hydrogen
0.00
0.00
Carbon Dioxide
0.00
0.00
Methane
0.00
0.00
Ethylene
0.00
0.00
Ethane
0.00
0.00
Acetaldehyde
0.00
0.00
Acetone
0.89
0.89
1,135.56
1,135.56
Ethanol
0.24
0.24
Water
1.78
1.78
Acetic Acid
1.48
1.48
174.96
16
182.05
18
Ethyl Acetate
Temperature (oF):
Pressure (psia):
Design Data:
Centrifugal
Type:
Pressure Change (psia)
2
Flow Rate (gpm):
4.43
Net Work (hp):
0.043
111
Efficiency:
0.6
Electricity Required (KVI
0.097
Material of Construction Stainless Steel
REACTOR
Reactor
RX-240
1
Item
Item No.
No. Required
Function:
Operation:
Continuous
Feed (S-205)
Materials handled:
Quantity (Ib/hr):
Composition (lb/hr):
Product CS-206)
62,974.33
62,977 .88
Hydrogen
7,781.47
7,088.04
Carbon Dioxide
5,137 .53
5,425.89
Methane
1,495.12
1,565.20
Ethylene
855.34
916.61
Ethane
855.42
921 .10
Acetaldehyde
621.46
13,468.60
Acetone
285.40
665.97
Ethyl Acetate
908 .00
908 .03
17.25
771.86
1,299.08
7,201 .54
43,718.26
24,045 .05
599
556.8
252 .0
250 .9
Ethanol
Water
Acetic Acid
Temperature (oF):
Pressure (psia) :
Design Data:
4/9/02
cp
Date:
Bye:
Identification:
Height (ft):
Diameter (ft):
Volume (ft3):
17 Pressure (psia):
250 .92
4 Catalyst:
86 .27ft3 of Pd on iron-oxide
213 .63 Material of Construction : Stainless Steel
112
Company:
-'
Location:
......
Service of Unit:
R-500
Item No.:
-- - ,.
Rev No.:
Date:
~
Our Reference:
Your Reference:
--._----
Job No.:
55 / 7.?_ ____:.:tj6
~ Size
8107.7
7 Surf/unit(eft.)
8
..J!. Fluid allocation
10 Fluid name
11 Fluid quantity, Total
Vapor (In/Out)
12
13
Liqu.!Q._
Noncondensable
14
in
ft2
Ty~e BKU
Shells/unit 2
hor
Connected in
Surf/shell (eft.)
-~ .- -
----- -
:>TEAn
126836
18288
41530
85307
126836
18288
18288
...
1..:'2 ---
16
17
18
19
20
21
ft2
Tube Side
:, -"fe'
Ib/h
Ib/h
Ib/h
Ib/h
1series
212arallel
4053.8
r- -
Tem~rature
(In/Out)
Dew / Bubble ~oint
Density
Viscosity_
Molecular W!, Vap
- ..--.--... -----.
F
F
Ib/ft3
cp
255.5
262.66
255.5
53.886
0.268
38.49
0.18
0_013
280.95
280.95
0.115
0_014
__ .
- -
280.95
280.95
57 .874
0.212
-~ .-- . -
36.06
Molecular w1._NC
_.. _ __ ____....I FUf.(lb*Ft ---.'_._-_.
0.3781
j?pecific heat
0.5292
__...
~
23 Thermal condu(~.tivity
BTU/(ft*h*F)
0.089
0.013
24 Latent heat
BTUlib
574
536.2
.
25 Inlet pressure (absolute)
psi
37.7
26 Veloci!y .
ftls
27 Pre ssur~_9.~c:>p_, . allow./calc.
psi
28 Fouling resist. (min)
ft2*h*F/BTU
0.003
16837400
29 Heat exchanged
BTUth
MTD corrected
97.8
Dirty 105.34
Clean 349.16
30 Transfer rate, Service
31
CONSTRUCTION OF ONE SHELL
._ _ _~hell Side
32
Tube Side
.. _-_
.. ..
33 DesignfTest Pt~ssure
751
ICode
ICode
751
P~!
330
34 Design teml2er~_ture
F
350
35 Number passes_per shell
1
2
-
0.0625
0.0625
in
~~~()sion allowance
~
In
4/ 150 ANSI
37 Connections
10/ 150 ANSI
8/ 150 ANSI
38
Size/rating
Out
2/ 150 ANSI
Intermediate
4/150 ANSI
/ 150 ANSI
39
in !
00 0.75
40 Tube No. 11 04Us
Tks..avg . 0.065
in Leflg!h 8
41 Tube type
Material CS
-10
42 Shell
CS
0056
in
Shell cover
CS
43 Channel or bonnet
Channel coveL . _ _.._._
CS
44 Tubesheet-stationary CS
Tubesheet-f1~'l..~ .flg.._ __
_-
0.5457
0.016
920.7
1.0099
0.3~
920.7
50
9.51
- -
0.097
5
0.003
21.23
F
BTU/(h*ft2*F)
Sketch
1n.:!P.l!!g!,!_rrJ~_Q..~~rotection
Ty~e
.iL ~Ie-Iong ..
48
- - ~Pl2orts-tube
49
50
51
52
53
54
Bypass seal
Expansion jOint
....
..
.".
757 . . .. . .-
...
-RhoV2-lnlet nozzle
Gaskets - Shell side
__
single seg
Cut('Z'o.d.)
Seal tYl2e
U-bend
_ .......................
45
vert
ft Pitch 1
I Tube ~attem
in
90
.-
None
S~acing:
dc 22.875
I Inlet
22.875
in
in
_--
Type
.. _
Tube-tubesheet joint
_g!()olJ~!~)(P?n.P _ ...
_lype
_ .
..
.. _'- ---_.-.Bundle exit
IbLltr.!@
_.. ....Bundle
_ - entrance
-_.- ----_...._----
Tube Side
. Floating head
Code r~ql:'~em~nts
55 WeighVShell
56 Remarks
57
58
;; "t
TEMAciass B
Bundle 12624.8
Ib
Our Reference:
Rev No.:
5 Date:
49/63
6 Size
7 Surf/unit(eff.)
7200
in
TY12e BKU
Shells/unit 1
ft2
13
Liquid
Noncondensable
15
16
17
t--
Tem~erature
Connected in
Surf/shell (eff.)
1 [!arallel
7200
Ib/h
Ib/h
Ib/h
ft2
STEAfI?
210358
48604
191005
210358
1 series
Tube Side
S -iO)
hor
9 Fluid allocation
- ' . . __ ..name
c-!Q. - Fluid
Vapor (In/Out)
---
Job No.:
--240
12
Your Reference:
48604
19353
48604
Ib/h
(In/Out)
18 Densi!Y
19 Viscosity
20 Molecular wt, Vap
Iblft3
cp
358.3
369.9
415.6
415.6
415.6
53.128
0.174
358.35
0.647
0.014
415.6
0.606
0.017
53.281
0.137
0.7365
1.0511
0.375
54 - r-___54
---.-
21 Molecular wt, NC
22 Specific heat
23 Thermal conductivity
24 Latent heat
~_TUl(lb*F)
BTU/(ft*h*F)
0.6376
0.3969
0.015
0.09
BTUlib
0.022
813.4
193.3
psi
98.6
_ _ 1i13.4_
293
12.18
ftls
2
0.262
psi
28 Fouling resist. ' (min)
ft2*h*F/BTU
0.003
0.003
MTD corrected
39535070
29 Jieat exchanged
BTu/h
50.33
F
Dirty 112.49
109.1
Clean 442.42
BTu/(h*ft2*F)
30 Transfer rate, Service
31
CONSTRUCTION OF ONE SHELL
Sketch
Shell
Side
Tube
Side
~ ' -_.
i 9 9
t
100/
ICode
33 DesiqnlTest pressure
310/
/ Code
---p'si
430
480
F
34 Design temperature
1
2
35 Number passes per shell
!
i
9
9
9
in
0.0625
36 Corrosion allowance
37 Connections
In
4 / 150ANSI
10/ 300 ANSI
10/ 150ANSI
Out
Size/rating
3/ 300 ANSI
38
Intermediate
3/ 150ANSI
/ 300 ANSI
39
in/
0.75
Tks-ilvg
0.065
Tube
No.
872Us
OD
in
Length
20
ft Pitch 1
in
~.o
Material CS
41 Tube type
I Tube pattern 90
10
0050
Shell cover
42 Shell
SS304
in
SS304 - - - _ .__._---_..
----------43 Channel or bonnet
Channel cover
CS
.--
44 Tubesheet-slationary SS304
Tubesheet-floating
_._--- _.
r-
Impingement protection
Floating head cover
None
_._- ' -_.
~
single seg
44
SS304
Cut(%d)
vert
S[!acing : dc 23.375
Baffle-crossing
in
IY[!e
~
in
_Baffle-long
I Inlet 23.375
. ---_ .....
._--_._ .._ ..... Seal type
r1Z Supports-tube
__
48
49 Bypass seal ... -.
50 ExPansion ioiQ~
51 RhoV2-lnlet nozzle
U-bend
TY12e
Bundle entrance
528
55 WeighVShell
56 J~emarks
57
58
groove/ex[!and
._--
-- ---.
Ib/(ft*s~
Bundle exit
Tube Side
~ ~c:!.ereguirements
T.YQe
Tube-tubeshe~~j!Jint
TEMA class
64245.4
Bundle
21981 .2
Ib
"'~"
----_._--_._--
----
Our Reference:
R-810
51 Date:
6 Size
_ .
Your Reference:
Job No.:
Rev No.:
15 I 20
-48
7 Surf/unit(eff.)
in
120.2
Type BKU
hor
Connected in
Shells/unit 1
ft2
81
9 Fluid allocation
1 parallel
Surflshell (eff.)
Ib/h
Ib/h
Ib/h
Ib/h
1764
1
~1GArn
1039
755._
1764
ft2
Tube Side
S- iDj
10 Fluid name
1series
120.2
265
1
265
265
___
- -_+1- -- - - - j f - -
15
10., -11:;;
1 AA ~.1
____~
F,I---~~~--+---~~--_+
16 Temperature (In/Ol'''
~I
Dew I Bubble
pn;n.
171
uuvv, .... e,",,11 n
18 Oensi
19 Viscosi
20 Molecular wt, Vap__
,.~.!.
235
235
183.37
235
235
F+I--------t---'-=-=~-__j---.-::='----'I_--'='---51.07
0.211
0.056
Ib/ft3
59.228
_.....__ ...__ .... ..
- --- r-~
cp
0.266
0.063
0.013
0.256
--..
Molecular wt, NC
22 S ecific heat
u, "'I'U , ' I
-:=n:.::d:.::u:.::
c.::.'_'i_"''-tiv ty _
__ _ _ _ ___=~
23 l}:1~Lf!lal .co
24 Latent hea:..;:t_ _ __
25 !il!~tprt3.~sure (absolute 1
26 Velocity
"'~' I
ft2*h*F/BTU
BTUlh
Dirty
102.16
0.003
MTO corrected
Clean 299.63
l.3.p~~JgnlTest pressure
psi
li.~?igl).
temperature
l...~r:T.l~er passes per shell
35 Corrosion allowance
37 Connections
In
38
Size/rating
Out
39
in l
40 Tube No. 70Us
75/
75/
Tks-avg
1 150 ANSI
1/ 150 ANSI
0.049
00 16
44 Tubesheet-station?_ry__ ~~30':..
45 Floating. head C()ver
47 Baffle-long
single seg
Cut(%d)
46
8 ~P2orts-tuQe ..
"
I
in
None
ve.~Spacing :
dc 15
I Inlet
Seal type
in
15
in
Typ~
U-bend
49 ~~?EO.aL
50 rE-X2~!l.~!On jOint
51 RhoV2-lnletn()zzle
'f 0 -'-
... f!._~itch_ 1
in Length 4
Impingement protection
Type
Material SS304
...... __ ._. J.IlJ~ep.a..~~~rn 90
._~I)__._ ......b.f:3.ll..~v~r
SS304
Channel cover
Tubesheet-floating
~
~
/ Code
2
0.0.51? .. ,,___ .
2/-_.1_50ANSI
..................... - _ .
1/ 150 ANSI 1
1/ 150ANSI
2/ 150 ANSI
41 Tube type
10
/ Code
in
Intermediate
00 0.75
42 ~ . SS304
Tube Side
250~0
F
BTU/(h*ft2*F)
Sketch
Shell Side
46 Baffle-crossing .
0.003
51.14
32
~:3
_____ _ _
158
Tipe
Bundle entrance
.._
Bundle....._exit
..... _.. _--_.-
Shell side
. Tube. ~id_e___._ _ _.
53 _...
Floating head
54 ..Code reql,lirernel!~ _ _... ASME_<;:ode ~ec VIII Oiv 1
TEMA class
B
55 Weight/Shell
847
Filled with water 2000.5
Bundle 318.9
Iblm=!i.~)
~? _Q?~~t~:
56 1 Remarks._ __ _
57
1
58
, 'C
Ib
3 Service of Unit:
4 Item No.:
Our Reference :
Your Reference:
R-900
Rev No.:
Job No.:
5 Date:
17/ 22
--192
in
6 Size -...
7 Surf/unit(eff.)
626.3
ft2
9 Fluid allocation
r!-0_ Fluid name
f luid quantity, Tolal
rlj
12
13
14
--.
Type BKU
hor
Connected in
Shells/unit 1
1 parallel
Surf/shell (eff.)
Ib/h
Liquid
Ib/h
Ib/h
Noncondensable
Ib/h
.<.rC'A m
211522
3393
14872
196650
211522
3393
- -
--- -- - - .3393
... _._
15
".
16 Temperature (In/Out)
Dew / Bubble point
17
BTu/{lb*F)
BTU/(Wh*Fl
BTUllb
0.5362
0.016
1.0082
0.398
149.2
928.4
Out
Intermediate
00 0.75
10 _.... ...
101 .53
50.38
Sketch
751
I Code
oX1n~::n
330
2
0.0625
4/150 ANSI
1/ 150-------_
ANSI
..
/ 150ANSI
0.065
__ ~~_Jen9Ih 16
Material CS
ft Pitch 1
I J-)Jbe pattern
Shell cover
in
90
SS304
Channel cover
CS
SS304
_~~~b.eet-floating
Impingement protection
Ty~Single
seg
Cut(%d)
44
None
Spacing: dc 23 .625
Inlet 23 .625
vert
Seal type
U-bend
in
in
Ty'pe
Tube-tubesheet joint
groove/expand
Ty'pe
Bundle entrance
995
F
BTu/(h*ft2*Fl
Tube Side
8/ 150 ANSI
in
0.28
0.003
4 / 150ANSI
4 / 150 ANSI
0018
290
1
Tks-avg
928.4
42
47.99
0.003
MTD corrected
in
48 Supports-tube
49 Bypass seal ". __ __
Bundle exit
----
Ib/{Ws2)
Tube Side
57
0.3262
0.01
I Code
_Ba ffle-Iong
50 Expansion iQii}t
51 RhoV2-lnlet nozzle
751
psi
58
0.5242
0.069
41 Tubejype
SS304
42 Shell
Channel
or
~ - - -- bonnet
44 Tubesh~et-stationa!:y
55 Weight/Shell
Remarks
56.. .. _.
58.206
0.221
28
ft2*h*F/BTU
BTU/h
Dirty
3150000
99.82
54 Code requirements
0.097
0.013
86.57
0.331
0.093
86.48
tUs
psi
269.99
269.99
psi
26 Velocity
27 Pressure d_rop, allow.lcalc.
31
269 .99
269.99
50.663
0.242
CD
24 Latent heat
25 Inlet pressure -<absolute)
32
33 DesiqnfTest pressure
34 Desiqn temperature
221
220.61
Iblft3
22 Specific heat
23 Thermal conductivi!,y
212.6
--, .. __..
18 Density
19 Viscosity
20 Molecular wt, Vap __ __ __
21 Molecular wt, NC ._-_... _--.- - ..
ft2
Tube Side
<;-~1
Vapor (In/Oul)
1 series
626.3
..
ASME Code Sec VIII Div 1
2748.9
TEMA class
6062
Bundle
.
...
1733.6
Ib
-_._--.-- ---
.__...
Our Reference:
Your Reference:
R-910
Rev No.:
12 / 17
~ Size
7 Surf/uniteeff.)
Job No.:
in_~lJeBKU
--72
108.7
hor
Connected in
Shells/unit 1
ft2
--- ,
108.7
Liquid
Noncondensable
C;TE"Ah'J
3899
. ..
Iblh
Ib/h
ft2
Tube Side
5 - 162
--
Iblh
-- --_.
1 series
1 (2arallel
Surf/shell (eff.)
8
9 Fluid allocation
10 Fluid name
13
14
- _.....
541
3378
3899
521
F
F
261 .7
262.9
Ib/ft3
48.051
0.1 88
0.218
0 .092
0.5501
0.3407
0.011
541
541
Ib/h
15
16 TemRerature (In/Out)
17
Dew / Bubble point
18 Density
19 Viscosity
20 Molecular wt, Vap
21 Molecular wt, NC
22 . Specific heat
23 Thermal conductivity
24 Latent heat
.. - - --_..
25 Inlet pressure (absolut~L.
26 Veloci!X
27 Pressure drop,allow.lcalc.
28 Foulinq resist. (min)
486920
29 Heat exchanqed
93.11
30 Transfer rate, Service
31
~. .
BTU/(ft*h*F)
BTU/lb
100.36
Out
Intermediate
",
43 Channel or bonnet
44 Tubesheet-stationary
SS304
SS304
48.09
__ ._--- ---
__
..._
-_..
380
...
1/ 150 ANSI
/ 150 ANSI
in Length 6
0.065
ft Pitch 1
-_ .. _--
None
Im(2ingement (2rotection
vert
Cut(%d) 45
S(2acing: dc 23
I Inlet
in
in
..
23
T:tee
.--
Ty~e-tubesheet
.
TYQe
.-.. -..
Bundle entrance
51 _RhoV2-lnlet nozzl~._..... ~22. __ ... _.
Tube Side
52 Gaskets - Shell .side
53
_.. ~()ating head
..__ ..
ASME Code Sec VIII Div 1
54 Code re ~ments
Filled with water 1818.9
803 .9
55 Weight/Shell
._---'.
in
Tube pattem 90
SS304
-- -~ -
Material CS
in
._hell cover
Channel cover
Single seg
T:te e
Seal t}I(2e
_ U-bend
F
BTUI(h*ft2*F)
S.L. .__/~()<:l..~
Tubesheet-floati~
._._
1/150ANSI
4 / 150ANSI
00 12.75
45 Floating..head cover
SS304
46 Baffle-crossing
56 Remarks
57
0.023
0.003
Tube Side
330
Tks-avg
__.
0.398
....
_.899.3 - ..-...
7_L _~ __ . _
9.34
Sketch
in
Size/ratinq
38
39
in /
40 Tube No. 44Us
41 Tube type
42 Shell
SS304
1.0157
10
0.19
0.018
899.3
0.003
MTD corrected
Clean 299.8
_ She~l<:!~ .
751
( Code
00 0 .75
56.952
0.5746
0.063
--"- -"--. -.......
1 4~., ? __._ .. H~.. 4.
20.1
...... _..... _
-_._
psi
ftls
psi
ft2*h*F/BTU
BTU/h
Dirty
psi
310.54
310.54
I
~JJJillb*F)
32
33 DesignlTest pressure
34 Design temperature
47 Baffle~.lg.f1g
48 .!3.l!P(2orts-tube
49 B:t(2ass seal
50 Expa,:,sion joint
310 .54
310.54
0 .175
0.014
262
joint
groove/exeand
Bundle exit
__
........
- -...- ..
-- --- ~
Ibl(ft*s2)
...
~.
"-"
..
TEMA
--_... _... _class
.. _---_
._.......B....
Bundle
323.4
Ib
58
I II
REFLUX ACCUMULATOR
Identification
Item
Item #
No. Required
Reflux Accumulator
D-500
1
Date:
By:
Continuous
Operation:
Materials handled:
Quantity (lb/hr):
Composition (lblhr):
Hydrogen
Carbon Dioxide
Methane
Ethylene
Ethane
Acetaldehyde
Acetone
Ethyl Acetate
Ethanol
Water
Acetic Acid
13,679.77
0.41
220.68
50.38
50.00
54.40
12,833.82
trace
trace
trace
30.79
trace
Temperature (oF):
Pressure (psia):
Design Data:
Diameter (ft):
Volume (ft"'3):
Length (ft)
101.8
32.0
118
4/9/02
akg
REFLUX ACCUMULATOR
Identification
Item
Item #
No. Required
Principal Function:
Operation:
Reflux Ac Date:
RA-5l0 By:
1
4/9/02
akg
Continuous
Materials handled:
Quantity (lb/hr):
Composition (lb/hr):
Hydrogen
Carbon Dioxide
Methane
Ethylene
Ethane
Acetaldehyde
Acetone
Ethyl Acetate
Ethanol
Water
Acetic Acid
861.13
0.04
213.85
47.45
40.05
48.53
71.92
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Temperature (oF):
Pressure (psia):
Design Data:
Diameter (ft):
Volume (ft"' 3):
Length (ft)
10.0
28.0
1.5 Material of
7.07 Construction:
5.5
Stainless
Steel
- - - - -- - - - - - - - - - -
119
REFLUX ACCUMULATOR
Identification
Item
Item #
No. Required
Reflux Accumulator
D-61O
1
Principal Function:
Operation :
Continuous
By:
Materials handled:
Quantity (lb/hr):
Composition (lblhr):
Hydrogen
Carbon Dioxide
Methane
Ethylene
Ethane
Acetaldehyde
Acetone
Ethyl Acetate
Ethanol
Water
Acetic Acid
31 ,877 .24
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
22.03
1,974.66
18,527.79
163.64
7,876.99
2,872.85
Temperature (oF) :
Pressure (psia):
Design Data:
Date:
Diameter (ft):
Volume (ft/\3):
Length (ft)
275 .2
95 .0
5 Material of Construction:
373.83
Stainless Steel
20
120
4/9/02
akg
REFLUX ACCUMULATOR
Identification
Item
Item #
No. Required
Reflux Accumulator
D-800
1
Date:
By:
4/9/02
akg
Continuous
Operation:
Materials handled:
Quantity (lb/hr):
Composition (lblhr):
Hydrogen
Carbon Dioxide
Methane
Ethylene
Ethane
Acetaldehyde
Acetone
Ethyl Acetate
Ethanol
Water
Acetic Acid
1,633.55
trace
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.52
293.40
784.07
5.13
107.27
0.88
Temperature (oF):
Pressure (psia):
Design Data:
Diameter (ft):
Volume (ft"3) :
Length (ft)
182.0
25.0
121
REFLUX ACCUMULATOR
Identification
Item
Item #
No. Required
Reflux Accumulator
D-810
Date:
By:
Continuous
Operation:
Materials handled:
878.35
Quantity (lb/hr):
Composition (lb/hr):
Hydrogen
Carbon Dioxide
Methane
Ethylene
Ethane
Acetaldehyde
Acetone
Ethyl Acetate
Ethanol
Water
Acetic Acid
trace
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.35
229.90
174.07
2.39
29.35
0.00
167.6
22.0
Temperature (oF):
Pressure (psia):
Design Data:
Diameter (ft):
Volume (ft A 3):
Length (ft)
122
4/9/02
akg
REFLUX ACCUMULATOR
Identification
Item
Item #
No. Required
Reflux Accumulator
D-900
1
Date:
By:
4/9/02
akg
Continuous
Operation:
Materials handled:
Quantity (lb/hr):
Composition (lb/hr):
Hydrogen
Carbon Dioxide
Methane
Ethylene
Ethane
Acetaldehyde
Acetone
Ethyl Acetate
Ethanol
Water
Acetic Acid
4,795.92
,
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
4.95
423.97
3,435.12
29.16
462.42
1.02
Temperature (oF):
Pressure (psia):
Design Data:
181.9
25.0
Diameter (ft):
Volume (ftA 3):
Length (ft)
2 Material of Construction:
25
Stainless Steel
8
123
REFLUX ACCUMULATOR
Identification
Item
Item #
No. Required
Reflux Accumulator
D-910
1
Date:
By:
Continuous
Operation:
Materials handled:
Quantity (lblhr):
Composition (lb/hr):
Hydrogen
Carbon Dioxide
Methane
Ethylene
Ethane
Acetaldehyde
Acetone
Ethyl Acetate
Ethanol
Water
Acetic Acid
1,579.23
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.89
1,135.56
0.24
1.78
1.48
Temperature (oF):
Pressure (psia):
Design Data:
Diameter (ft):
Volume (ftI\3):
Length (ft)
182.0
25.0
124
4/9/02
akg
Refrigeration Unit
Identification
Item
Item #
No. Required
Refrigeration unit
RF-520
1
Date:
By:
Principal Function:
Operation:
Continuous
4/8/02 1
akg
Materials handled:
Quantity (Ib/hr):
Composition (Ib/hr):
Ethylene Glycol
Temperature (oF):
Design Data:
21,775.00
21775
-10
Utilities:
I
I
125
STRIPPER
Identification
Stripper
ST-800
Item
Item #
No. Required
4/9/02
cp
Date:
By:
1
Principal Function:
Separate out the wastewater from the aqueous outlet stream of the decanter
Operation:
Continuous
I
I
I
Inlet Streams
Materials handled:
S-801
2,161.83
9,262 .68
1,194.31
0.32
145.94
19.51
50.45
8,263 .04
783.42
3.31
293.44
784 .24
5.13
107.31
0.88
234.1
27.4
182.1
25.0
trace
3.63
439 .38
803.75
55.58
6,208.52
784.29
117.5
35.5
Temperature (oF):
Pressure (psia):
Design Data:
S-802
8,295.16
Quantity (Ib/hr):
Composition (Ib/hr):
Hydrogen
Acetaldehyde
Acetone
Ethyl Acetate
Ethanol
Water
Acetic Acid
Outlet streams
S-804
S-803
No. of Trays :
Feed Tray:
Tray Spacing (ft) :
Diameter (ft) :
Volume (ft3):
2,161.83
259.4
35.0
126
STORAGE TANKS
Item
Item #
No. Required
Identification
Storage Tank
T-1
1
Date:
By:
4/9/02
cp
Continuous
Operation:
Materials handled:
Quantity (lblhr):
Composition (lblhr):
Hydrogen
Carbon Dioxide
Methane
Ethylene
Ethane
Acetaldehyde
Acetone
Ethyl Acetate
Ethanol
Water
Acetic Acid
21,447.80
21,447.80
I
Temperature (oF):
Pressure (psia):
77
14.7
Volume (gal):
Retention Time:
Design Data:
127
STORAGE TANKS
Identification
Item
Item #
No. Required
Storage Tank:
T-2
Date:
By:
4/9/02
cp
Principal Function: Holding tank: for Acetic Acid recycle stream (S-l 03)
Operation:
Continuous
Materials handled:
Quantity (lblhr):
Composition (lb/hr):
Hydrogen
Carbon Dioxide
Acetaldehyde
Acetone
Ethyl Acetate
Ethanol
Water
Acetic Acid
20,743.76
trace
trace
trace
0.006
0.016
< 0.001
366.13
20,377.61
Temperature (oF):
Pressure (psia):
Design Data:
Volume (gal):
Retention Time:
369 .9
98.6
128
STORAGE TANKS
Identification
Item
Item #
No. Required
Date:
By:
Storage Tank
T-3
I
4/9/02
cp
Principal Function: Holding tank for Acetic Acid recycle stream (S-1 02)
Operation:
Continuous
Materials handled:
Quantity (lblhr):
Composition (lblhr):
Acetaldehyde
Acetone
Ethyl Acetate
Ethanol
Water
Acetic Acid
438.03
trace
trace
1.47
< 0.001
0.001
436.55
Temperature (oF):
Pressure (psia):
Design Data:
Volume (gal):
Retention Time:
263.2
20.1
129
STORAGE TANKS
Identification
Item
Item #
No. Required
Storage Tank
T-4
1
Date:
By:
4/9/02
cp
Operation:
Continuous
Materials handled:
Quantity (lblhr):
Composition (lblhr):
Acetaldehyde
Acetone
Ethyl Acetate
Ethanol
Water
Acetic Acid
1.139.31
< 0.001
0.89
1.134.92
0.24
1.79
1.48
Temperature (oF):
Pressure (psia):
Design Data:
Volume (gal):
Retention Time:
175
16.0
130
STORAGE TANKS
Identification
Item
Item #
No . Required
Date:
By:
Storage Tank
T-5
1
4/9/02
cp
I
I
Operation:
Continuous
Inlet Streams
Materials bandied:
Quantity (lblhr):
Composition (lb/hr):
Hydrogen
Carbon Dioxide
Methane
Ethylene
Ethane
Acetaldehyde
Acetone
Ethyl Acetate
Ethanol
Water
Acetic Acid
Volume (gal):
Retention Time:
S-503
10,354.66
2,463.56
trace
trace
5.53
1.30
2.39
0.54
8.07
1.88
4.78
1.09
10,306.52
2,455.29
trace
trace
trace
27.372
trace
3.456
trace
Temperature (oF):
Pressure (psia):
Design Data:
S-502
101.8
98.3
32.0
30.1
131
STORAGE TANKS
Identification
Item
Item #
No. Required
Storage Tank
T-6
1
Date:
By:
4/9/02
cp
Principal Function: Holding tank for feed to the Acetaldehyde distillation column (DC-500)
Operation:
Continuous
Materials bandied:
Quantity (lb/hr):
Composition (lblhr):
Hydrogen
Carbon Dioxide
Methane
Ethylene
Ethane
Acetaldehyde
Acetone
Ethyl Acetate
Ethanol
Water
Acetic Acid
105,379.58
0.04
220.69
50 .38
50.00
54.41
12,843.29
1,162.71
2,765.36
865.08
19,808.00
67,559.63
Temperature (oF) :
Pressure (psia):
Design Data:
Volume (gal):
Retention Time:
121.8
43.5
132
STORAGE TANKS
Identification
Item
Item #
No. Required
Storage Tank
T-7
Date:
By:
4/9/02
cp
Principal Function: Holding tank for bottoms stream of distillation column (DC-500)
Operation:
Continuous
Materials bandIed:
Quantity (lb/hr):
Composition (lblhr):
Hydrogen
Carbon Dioxide
Methane
Ethylene
Ethane
Acetaldehyde
Acetone
Ethyl Acetate
Ethanol
Water
Acetic Acid
92,139.53
trace
trace
trace
trace
trace
9.57
1,162.71
4,106.58
163.78
20,051.42
66,645.46
Temperature (oF):
Pressure (psia):
Design Data:
Volume (gal):
Retention Time:
262.7
37.8
..
133
Pressure valve
Identification
Item
Item #
No. Required
Valve
V-501
Date:
By:
4/8/02
akg
Principal Function:
Operation:
Continuous
Inlet Streams
Materials handled:
S-501
Quantity (Ibmol/hr):
Composition (Ibmol/hr):
Hydrogen
Carbon Dioxide
Methane
Ethylene
Ethane
Acetaldehyde
Acetone
Ethyl Acetate
Ethanol
Water
Acetic Acid
Temperature (oF):
Pressure (psia):
Design Data:
Outlet Stream
S-501a
105,380.47
105,379.59
0.04
220.69
50 .38
50.01
54.41
12,846.44
1,162.51
2,764.63
865.07
19,807.78
67,558.51
0.04
220.69
50.38
50.00
54.41
12,843.29
1,162.71
2,765 .36
865.08
19,808.00
67,559 .63
120.9
229.9
121.8
43.9
Utilities:
134
EguiQment
name
Purchase
Cost
DescriQtion
Source
AB-320
Absorber
CP-410
Compressor
C-500
C-520
C-610
C-800
C-810
C-900
C-910
Condenser
Condenser
Condenser
Condenser
Condenser
Condenser
Condenser
DE-720
Decanter
DC-500
DC-510
DC-610
DC-810
DC-900
DC-910
$986,529
$6,331
$146,510
$10,050
$14,670
$42,210
Cost
Cost
Cost
Cost
Cost
Cost
F-230
Fired Heater
$260,897
Walas
FV-310
Flash Vessel
$192,900
Cost Charts
HX-200
HX-210
HX-300
HX-530
HX-710
Heat
Heat
Heat
Heat
Heat
$83,265
$269,551
$70,009
$4,594
$6,812
BJAC
BJAC
BJAC
BJAC
BJAC
P-110
P-540
P-600
P-620
P-730
Pump
Pump
Pump
Pump
Pump
$11,570
$11,570
$6 ,171
$5,786
$2,571
Ulrich
Ulrich
Ulrich
Ulrich
Ulrich
PB-500
PB-610
PB-810
PB-900
PB-910
Reboiler
Reboiler
Reboiler
Reboiler
Reboiler
$3,600
$9,000
$2,186
$2,829
$2,700
Cost
Cost
Cost
Cost
Cost
$26,740
Cost Charts
$386,000
Cost Charts
$89,726
$7,094
$27,654
$3,235
$2,863
$3,953
$7,893
$9,000
Exchanger
Exchanger
Exchanger
Exchanger
Exchanger
Pump
Pump
Pump
Pump
Pump
135
BJAC
BJAC
BJAC
BJAC
BJAC
BJAC
BJAC
Cost Charts
Charts
Charts
Charts
Charts
Charts
Charts
Charts
Charts
Charts
Charts
Charts
EguiQment
name
Purchase
Cost
Description
$4,243
$2,571
$7,071
$2,571
$2,057
$3,986
$2,057
Pump
Pump
Pump
Pump
Pump
Pump
Pump
Source
Cost
Cost
Cost
Cost
Cost
Cost
Cost
Charts
Charts
Charts
Charts
Charts
Charts
Charts
PR-500
PR-510
PR-610
PR-800
PR-810
PR-900
PR-910
Reflux
Reflux
Reflux
Reflux
Reflux
Reflux
Reflux
RX-240
Reactor
$16,710
Cost Charts
R-500
R-610
R-810
R-900
R-910
Reboiler
Reboiler
Reboiler
Reboiler
Reboiler
$65,581
$53,987
$4,538
$6,632
$3 ,735
BJAC
BJAC
BJAC
BJAC
BJAC
0-500
0-510
0-610
0-800
0-810
0-900
0-910
Reflux
Reflux
Reflux
Reflux
Reflux
Reflux
Reflux
$5,190
$2,080
$11,680
$2,340
$2,210
$2,725
$2,210
Cost
Cost
Cost
Cost
Cost
Cost
Cost
RF-520
Refrigeration System
ST-800
Stripper
T-1
T-2
T-3
T-4
T-5
T-6
T-7
Storage
Storage
Storage
Storage
Storage
Storage
Storage
Accumulator
Accumulator
Accumulator
Accumulator
Accumulator
Accumulator
Accumulator
$213,675
Tank
Tank
Tank
Tank
Tank
Tank
Tank
136
Walas
$11,670
Cost Charts
$25,710
$11,570
$1,543
$25,710
$66,860
$28,290
$25,710
Cost
Cost
Cost
Cost
Cost
Cost
Cost
$3,331,384
Charts
Charts
Charts
Charts
Charts
Charts
Charts
Charts
Charts
Charts
Charts
Charts
Charts
Charts
137
available in Ulrich. Using the factors provided, the bare module cost could be determined
directly.
By using this method to determine the equipment bare module costs, and adding
$5,979,000 for the catalyst (see Appendix for calculations), the total bare module cost, CTBM ,
was calculated to be $20,047,306. Table 8 on p. 139 summarizes the calculations involved in
determining the total permanent investment. It was estimated that 5% of the total bare module
cost should be set aside for each site preparation and service facilities. Allocated utility faci lities
for cooling water and steam were build, at a total cost of$4,387,000 (see Appendix B, p. 203).
These additional costs are added to the bare module cost to produce the direct permanent
investment, which equals $26,439,037. An estimate of 15% of the direct permanent investment
is set aside for contingencies. Adding this to the direct permanent investment yields the total
depreciable capital, $30,404,892. Two percent of the total depreciable capital is then set aside
for land costs, and 12 % for startup costs. This allotment for startup is slightly higher than
normally suggested, but we believe it is warranted because of the complexities of our process
and the many recycle streams that must be accounted for. Adding the startup and land costs to
the total depreciable capital produces the total permanent investment, $34,661,557.
138
$20,047,306
$1 ,002,365
$1,002,365
$4 ,387,000
$26,439,037
$3,965,855
15% of C_DPI
$30,404,892
$608 ,098
$0
$3,648,587
$34,661,577
139
Ii
5% ofC TBM
5% ofC_TBM
2% ofC TDC
12%ofC_TDC
140
Important Considerations
Acetaldehyde is an extremely flammable liquid and vapor. Its vapor may cause flash
fires. It fonns explosive peroxides and polymerizes, resulting in hazardous conditions.
Acetaldehyde is therefore stored in stainless steel tanks with a refrigerating system to ensure that
the temperature of the product does not rise above 60 OF. This is why is important to have a
refrigerated storage tank for the combined acetaldehyde product.
Acetaldehyde is also a potential cancer hazard. High vapor concentration may cause
drowsiness or irritation of the eye and respiratory tract. For eye protection, safety glasses with
side shields and a face shield need to be worn by the workers at this plant with risk of exposure.
Additionally, chemical resistant gloves, boots and protective clothing appropriate for the risk of
exposure need to be worn. Decontamination facilities such as eye bath, washing facilities and
safety shower must be provided.
Acetic acid is strongly corrosive and causes serious bums. At temperatures above 102 OF
explosive acetic acid vapor/air mixtures may be fonned. In order to prevent such hazards, there
should be no open flames, no sparks and no smoking in the premises. Also, above 102F, a
closed system needs to be used as does ventilation, and explosion-proof electrical equipment.
Although there is no evidence of acetic acid having carcinogenic, mutagenic or teratogenic
effects, acetic acid is a lachrymator. Prolonged exposure to acetic acid causes sore throat, cough,
headache, dizziness, shortness of breath and labored breathing. Workers with potential exposure
to acetic acid need to be provided with protective gloves, protective clothing and breathing
protection. Leaking acetic acid liquid must be collected in sealable containers and cautiously
neutralized with sodium carbonate. Acetic acid is hannful to aquatic organisms and therefore it
must not be disposed into water bodies without adequate treatment and/or dilution.
141
Hydrogen is even more flammable then acetic acid and it undergoes many reactions with
air, oxygen, chlorine, fluorine, strong oxidants that cause fire or explosions. Exposure to
hydrogen also causes dizziness, asphyxia, labored breathing and unconsciousness. Therefore, in
addition to the safety precautions that need to be taken for acetic acid, hydrogen gas cylinders
must not be handled with oily hands and must be stored in a cool place. In case of spillage, the
danger area must be evacuated and the vapor must be removed with fine water spray. Because of
the dangers associated with storing hydrogen, we receive our supply via a pipeline.
Another aspect taken into consideration was that the furnace operates at temperatures
around 600F. Therefore, steps must be taken to ensure that faults in the process do not make it
necessary for the entire process to shut down since it will be very economically unfeasible and
wasteful to have to shutdown and restart the furnace, especially since it will take an extended
period of time to reach the desired temperature again. Thus, there is a storage tank for the
reactor effl uent before it is fed to the acetaldehyde distillation column. If other parts of the
system fail, the furnace can still operate and feed its product to that tank. It would be more
beneficial to have a storage tank immediately following the reactor, but the high temperature and
high hydrogen composition makes that unfeasible. There will also not be difficulty with a supply
of feed to the furnace if other systems break down, since the acetic acid and hydrogen feedstocks
can be fed virtually directly to the furnace if it is necessary to keep the reaction proceeding.
Also, there is a storage tank for the bottoms of the acetaldehyde distillation column. This allows
the acetaldehyde recovery section and the acetic acid separation section to operate if the other
experiences difficulties and must be shutdown for a short time.
Startup is a special concern for this facility because ofthe importance of recycle streams
to the operation of the absorber AB-320 and the acetic acid distillation column DC-610. A tank
142
holding acetic acid should be positioned near the absorber to provide solvent to the top stage
during startup. This stream is usually furnished from the bottoms product of the acetaldehyde
distillation column, but that will not be operating at the beginning of the process. Ethyl acetate
must also be purchased and stored so that it can be used to form the azeotrope in the acetic acid
distillation column. Aspen simulation results imply that without an initial charge of ethyl acetate
to this column, there is no phase separation in the decanter DE-720, and no ethyl acetate product
is recovered. More energy in the form of natural gas must also be supplied at startup. This is
partially because of the need to heat a cold furnace, but also because there are no waste streams
that can be burned for fuel, and there is no hot reactor effluent to preheat the reactor feeds.
Because waste streams are used for fuel in the furnace, careful control is necessary to ensure that
small irregularities in process conditions do not lead to either excessive or insufficient heating in
the fired heater.
Plant-wide control is also a major issue in this complicated design. Controls should also
be placed before the compressor CP-41 0 in order to ensure that the entering stream will be only
vapor. If the feed stream is cooled below its dew point, a valve may open to reduce pressure and
vaporize the entire stream. This would increase the duty on the compressor, but is necessary for
its long-tenn operation. There is similar attention paid to ensuring that the feed to the recycle
pump P-730 is entirely liquid. The distillate of the near azeotrope distillation column DC-900 is
subcooled to limit the chances that the pressure drop associated with the mixer would partially
vaporize the feed to the pump. The composition of the stream should be monitored, and ifthere
is any vapor a small cooling jacket can be used to decrease the temperature and produce a total
liquid.
143
The amount of acetic acid and hydrogen feeds, as well as their ratio must also be
controlled, for two reasons. First, the plant design is optimized for the flow rates that were used;
if the amount of either feed changed substantially, then unexpected difficulties may result when
the effects of recycle streams are considered. Second, in order to keep the proper oxidation state
for the catalyst, it was determined that a hydrogen/acetic acid mole ratio of 511 is optimal. If this
is not maintained, then the performance of the catalyst may degrade quickly.
144
145
Fixed Costs
Acetaldehyde Production. Acetic Acid $0, 16/1b
April 9, 2002
TOTAL
Operation
IWages and Benefits
- - -$6-:-:0-0-,0-0-0""
Maintenance
\vageSandBene~~_ _ __ __ _ _ __ __ _ __ _ _ ~$~
1,~0_64~,~00_0~1'
Salaries and Benefits
Materials and Services
Maintenance Overhead
$266,000 .
$ 1,064,000
$53,000
Operating Overhead
General Plant Overhead
----~~----------Mechanical De artment Services
Employ~~. Relations Department
Business Services
--- ---
Overhead:
146
.. ~143,000
$48,000
$11 9,000
$149,000 I
Variable Costs
TOTAL
April 9, 2002
Raw Materials
147
only $0.005/lb of acetaldehyde. For the production level used in this plant, the annual amount of
variable costs is $31,009,000.
The working capital was determined by assuming a 14-day supply of the products
acetaldehyde and ethyl acetate, and a one-day supply of acetic acid. This supply can be so low
because our site is shared with a major chemical company. Hydrogen is piped directly to the
facility, so it is not stored. We also hold 30 days of accounts receivable to account for payment
occurring monthly. Additionally, a spare charge of catalyst is held because it is a special catalyst
that could not be ordered quickly if its performance declined. The total working capital for this
process is $12,580,684. This is added to the total permanent investment (TPI) to find the total
capital investment (TCI). The TCI is $47,242,990. A summary of the steps taken to determine
the TPI is found in the Venture Guidance Appraisal on p. 149.
Finally, the profitability of this design was examined. The return on investment (ROI) in
the third year is 11.4%. Investor's rate of return (IRR) and the net present value (NPV) were
calculated based on a cost of capital of 15 %. Using a five-year depreciation cycle and a 20-year
plant life, the IRR is 11.1 % and the NPV is -$5 ,830,000. The annual cash flows are presented in
the table labeled Cash Flows on p. 150. Clearly, construction should not proceed under these
conditions.
148
TOTAL
Working Capital
Inventory
IAcetaldehyde
Ace,tic Acid
H yd~'ogcn
Total Inventory:
Accounts Receivable:
3,891,000 Ibs
465 ,070 Ibs
Ibs
$ 1.868,000
$74,000 1
SO
$1 ,942,000 I
30 days
149
S4,430,000
or,:..,.'
Cash- Flows
.~
l/$
'!,.CJ
.l;
0\0
~ ., I. ~ /'/'/'
/'~. .
~
~
~,
:1:fJ;ll.'
~. ~.,1
Apri l 9, 2002
0"
(j
~
.~
~
I'.-'t:i
-J
.~
v
~
tf
.$
~O::,,'ri
vO
",0
~
~
"
tf
(>0
,c::-
vo.~
~
q,(>
Ib
.<i
!;
.,
<J
V'l';"'';:J'''-~
,,'&
'"/I
II @
~c::-
<q'ri
...
v'ri
......
~'ri
~q,
4.
.:.q,
c::-
of
($11,554,000)
($11,554,000)
($11,554,000)
($21,601,000)
($24.135.000)
($24,13~~
($39,851,000)
$3,233,000
($37,725,000)
($3.699.000)
__ _
/'
($11,554,000)
($11.554,000)
.. $7,221.000
.- -".-,,-- ..... . _ J~~~ ~~~~!OOO)
$9,523.000
($28.861,000)
._----_.__ ..._---. -----_... _....._...... _-_.
($25,170,000)
$4,545,0~~~ _ _ $~,538.000
i~3,8!_1..:?9_~)
$2.868,000
-_._
1'1--'--'- -'---' 11
0'0
,,'ri
q,
~
0
'f
~~~~~~~~~FJ~~-----iH~~:~~~ II ~:~i~~~:~6~1
_~.!.~OOO
$7.061.000
I_ -:;::--:-'-:-::..::..:.::..:.:::..._~'~_~
.,~.. ~61.000
$ 7.061.000"
($17,403,000)
----_.
($15,658.000)
$7.061,000
$7,061 ,000
$7,061.000 I
$7.061 ,000
$7.061.000
$7.061.000
($10,674,000)
$7,061,000
$7,061,000
($9.806,000)
$7,061 ,000
$7,061 ,000
($9,051,000)
$7,061,000
$7,061 ,000
($8,395,000)
-;.
;~.i"'~
1 ~~.
..,,; 1:Jl:'"
1.
"'-'
($14,1 40.000)
$7,061,000
$7,061,000
$7,061,000
$7,061,000
$7,061 ,000
($6 ,897,000)1 _
$7,061,000
$7,061,000
($6,522,000)
$14,987,000
($7,328.000)
-I
Our group also examined the economic viability of the process under the conditions of
acetic acid being available at $0.12/Ib. The input summary for this case is presented on pages
152 and 153. The annual costs associated with operating the plant were calculated in the same
manner as they were in the first scenario. The results are summarized on the pages 154 and 155
in the Fixed Costs and Variable Costs sheets. Under both circumstances the total fixed cost sums
to the same amount: $4,740,500. The variable cost does change dramatically, however, as acetic
acid costs only $0.20/1b of acetaldehyde formed, rather than $0.27/Ib as in the first case. This
result leads to a savings in raw material costs of nearly $7,000,000/year, the costs decrease from
$30,290,000 to $23,495,000. Other variable costs were not affected by the acetic acid price.
The working capital is affected somewhat by the lower price of acetic acid because the
one-day supply of acetic acid is not worth as much when acetic acid is less expensive. Thus, the
amount of working capital required for the supply of acetic acid decreases from $74,000 to
$56,000. The working capi tal under these circumstances is $12,562,684, and the TCI is
$47,224,990. These results are summarized in the Venture Guidance Appraisal on p. 156.
The economics of this process was analyzed using the same metrics used to examine the
first scenario. As a result of the substantial decrease in variable costs, the ROI in the third year
improved to 19.5 %. Using the same five-year depreciation schedule and 20-year plant life as
before, the IRR is 18.5 % and the NPV is $12,162,000. The annual cash flows are summarized
in the table Cash Flows on p. 157. The economics of this process is strongly dependent on the
cost of acetic acid. If acetic acid is available at $0.12/Ib, then it is profitable to follow this
design. The rate ofretum is not significantly higher than the cost of capital (15 %), so the
potential reward for building this plant would be relatively small. Thus, more research should be
done to ensure acetic acid can be purchased at the lower price before production proceeds.
151
Input Summary
April 9.1001
- - - -- -- - - - -- - - -- - - -_....
General Information
__ - - -
..
Product Information
_ _ __ __ __ _ T_h_e p. rocess yields a singLe product:
Acetaldehyde
---------------
C apacity
Operating Hours p er Year:
The Process will Yield:
7,920
12,818.22
lb per hour
101,520,287
- - - - - _ ... _-
Market Price
0.4800000
20,047,306
of Total Bare Module Costs for Site Preparation and Service Facilities:
to .OO ~/o
Allocated Utility and Related Facility Costs (see Table 9.4): 54,387,000
Percentagc of Direct Pel1lJi1l1ent Investment for Contingencies:
15.00 %
2.00 %
Enter either a dollar value or a percentage ofTowl Depreciable Capital:
Percentage of Total Depreciable Capital for Roya lties:
%
Percentage ofTota.1 Depreciable Capital for SUitt-Up:
12.00 %
Site Factor (see Tablc'_9_._5'):_ _ __1.00
_ _ _ _ __
Working Capital
Inventory will be kept of the follO\ving Materials:
Acetaldchyde:
14 days
4,306,921 Ib
Acetic Acid :
1 days
514,748 lb
Accounts Receivable:
30 days
Other Working Capital Items :
1. Catalyst Charge
$
$
._ .._ _ _ _. . _ . _ .
2. Ethyl Acetate-14 days _ _ __
5,979,000
229.684
Raw Materials
Ib Acetic Acid per lb Acetaldehyde:
1.6732300
0. 1200000
0.5000000
Utilities
MMBnl Natural Gas per Ih Accr:aldehyde: 0.0005261
Jb AcetalctehY0~:
O~~780 140
3.00 % ofsalcs
4.80 'Yo of sales
0.50 % of sales
2.00 % ofsales
1.25 ~~) of sales
152
2.3000000
0.0350000
0.0300000
1.25 % of sales
Byproducts
lb Ethyl
Acetat~per
lb Acetaldehyde:
0.0888820
$0.6000
Fixed Costs
Operations
Number of Operators per Sh
3
Annual Wages per Operator:
$40,000
Employee Benefits:
Direct Salaries and Benefits:
15
'a ting Supplies and Selvices:
6
$52,000
TechIlical Assistance to Mar
Control Laboratory:
$57,000
Maintenance
Wages:
3.50
Employee Benefits:
Salalies and Benefits :
25.00
Materials and Services:
100.00
Maintenance Overhead:
5.00
Operating Overhead
General Plant Overhead:
7.10
Mechan.ical Department Sep
2.40
loyee Relations Department:
S.90
Business Services:
7.40
Property Taxes and Insurance
roperty Taxes and Insurance
1.50
Depreciation
Direct Plant
8.00
Allocated Plant
6.00
Catalyst Replacement
~.a.~~yst Rep!aCC1n~~.~_._ S_4_3-',S
-_0_0_.0_0_
(assuming 5 Shifts)
Including Benefits
% of wages
% of wages
% of wages
per labor year
per labor year
Including Benefits
% of Total Depreciable Capital,
% of wages
% of Maintenance Wages and Benefits
% of Maintenance Wages and Benefits
% ofI'vlaintenance Wages and Benefits
%
%
%
%
of Mainlenance
of Maintenance
of Maintenanee
of Maintenance
and
and
and
and
Operations
Operations
Operations
Operations
Salaries, Wages
Salaries, Wages
Salaries, Wages
Salaries, Wages
and Benefits
and Benefits
and Benefits
and Benefits
$c...I-"'y_e_aT_ _ __ _ __ _
Financial Information
Cost of Capital:
15.00 %
GeneTallnflation Rate :
%
%
%
%
37.00 %
Depreciation Schedu le
20.00'Yo
32.00%
19.20%
11 .52%
11 .52%
5.76%
Distribution of Investment
153
DLSI(]N I
33 ~o
CONSTRUCTION I
33%
CONSTRUCTION 2
33"10
Fixed Costs
Acetaldehvde Production. Acetic Acid $0. l21lb
April 9, 2002
TOTAL
Operation
Wages and Benefits
Direct SalaJies and B-' e-.n-e-fit-s- - - - -_- - . _- _._-
$600,000
- s90,oooJ
$36,0001
$52 ,000 !
!-=IC-.::.-=on~ol
tr.:..;,.:..:L
;";,,a-=-b:..:.ra
o=-=-,;,.:..
to r-'-y'---'-.:..:..:....=..=..:.~c-=-~"'----------$57,000 -1
ITotal Operations:
, J(
'
$835,000
$835,000
Maintenance
Wages and Beneiits
i ~_al~Ei~~~nd B=-e__r-'w-'.
fi_ts_ _ __
Materials and Services
Maintenance Overhead-- -
S 1,064,-000 .
____ $266,000
S 1.064,000
$53,000
I
$3,282~000 1
aintenance:
Operating Overhead
iGeneralPiant Overhead
Mechanical Deparlrrl~nt Services
Employee Relations Department
Business Services
$3741,000
head:
IJ'r.n.n ,o r t ... ,
$4,197,000!
$4,740,500 I
154
Variable Costs
Acetaldehyde Production. Acetic Acid $0,12/1b
Aprij 9. 2002
IAcetic Acid
TOTAL
20 ,08 per Ib Acetaldehyde
--~--------3,O/ per Ib Acetaldehyde
------------~~,
IHydrogcn
23.J 4
pel' Ib Acetaldehyde
$23,496,O(fO
$23,496,000
Utilities
, N3tur~ _SJas
O. 12
O,lS
O.23
O,QO
__
-lectriCiiY
W~~er Treatment
Eleetricitv
it~i
ITotal;Utilities:
O.SO
pcr Ib_~~etal<:lehyde
per Ib Acetaldehyde
per Ib Acetaldehyde
per Ib Acetaldehyde
,__ ___ I
per Ib .Acetaldehyde
$508,000
BVDroducts
IEthyl Aceta-;-
--(5.iJ)
jTotal Byproducts:
I __ ~241j 904,OOO
I
Sellin_g:Trallst~rF~p(;n~e
Direct
R csear~l
:\IIDcalcd Research
AuministrJlive bpense
\ 18nagement
C o m2en3~.?n
, Pacbg~~~ ~~at.:rial,~
Packaging Labor
;1
($5,414,000) 1
I
O.24c
pCI'
Ib
Acctaldehx~,~_
OOO per lb
O.OO
Al'CIaldchy~e
155
$18,590,000
Working Capital
Accounts Receivable:
30 da~s._ _ _ __ _ _$_4---',4_3_0,'0_00_1
$5,979,000
$229,684
$6,208,684
$12,562,684
156
:Cash Flows
14.
l:.;...
." "
f-pl'll ~1; 2002 ,
1-
"
it', gj
., .~
.,
,'"
~CJ
r-.'ri
-oJ
..),;
.
2002 ~.
2003
_ _DESIGN
aa
CONS TRUCTION
df
2005 450
$21,928,000
$32'893'0001
.~~~:
2008
675
900'
2013
90.0
1 2014_. 90.0
~o ~ ,
($11,554,000)
II
~3.I
---- -- - -
$4 ~8~,000
$43,857,000
I,
2017 900
$43,857 ,000
,1
900
'. 2021
~ -2022
$43,857,000
202~ _ 90.0 J
$43,857 ,000
90.0
<.'
,:
900-',
-
.~
~ ~~
($10,896,000)
($4,741,000)
($6,932,000)
($4,741,000)
($11,092 ,000)
A.'tJ
r-q,
~
0
.q,
,i
'-# ~
'b'
,..,
~_10,668,OOO
($265,000)
$ 17,323,000
(56,4 10,000)
$17.323 ,000
$17 ,323.000
1-_~S.6,410 , OOO)
($6 ,410,000)
$17,323,000
(56,410,000)
__ --'~OOO)
($4.741.000 )
___
=-=.
__
(521,793,000) .
($4.741 ,000)
(S21 ,793,000)
($4,741 ,000)
$12,563:9~?"
di
($3 ,947,000)
($4 ,932,000)
__ J!~~~~9~)
~17:.0~~:~0....
~_ ~17,323:OOO
ji,
~ T' ~
$6,291,000
($35,701,000)
($29,101,000)
$13,376,000 ..
$12,391,000
($22,451,000)
($17,094,000)
, ..
d
II
~.:e
L' I
".i
($12,436,000)
_." -.:;':
($8,627,000)
$10,913,000
($5 ,525,000)
- S10,91ioOo-U
$10,913,000
_...Jg~??.:~.C!.<:.2
$10,913,000 '
$ 10,9 13,000
($48 1,000)
_ _ $_1~5~
$10,913 ,C!.00
S10,913,OOO ~~~?~
,"
$10 , 913,0~~ _
$10,91?~ _ _~4.:.875 ,~
$10,913,000
$10,913,000
$6,216.000
$~:39~:.?C!.?
. $11 ,652,000
$10,913,000
.;
$11,543,000
(56,410,000)
.~
'"
$451,000
$6'72. 1'.0 00 ..
$8,398,000
.'
($641,000)
M.
'."
'f-J~
'-I.
'"
'. "',
($4.741,000)
$17 ,323:000
($6,410,000)
$10 ,913,000
$10.913.000
($21 ,793.000)
($4,741,000 )
$ 17,323,000
(56,4 10,000)
$10 ,9 13,000
($21,793,000)
($4,741 ,000)
($6,410,000)
$10,913,000
- $ 10,913,000
_.-
1 $17.323:000 ---($6,410.000)
$10,913,000
$10,9 13000
--S-;O,712,O'OO-
$ 10,913,000
$10,913,000
~~?_~?9~_
~.;.J>.-",,;,~q
_ ($21.793,000)
~.:~.!330,~~
__
.:'__ '1.
($21,793,000)
_($21 ,7~~,OOO)
_.
$13,330,000
<
($39,837,000)
$716,000
q,
.~
($24,117,000)
---($6.4. 10
,000)
($4,741 ,000)
($4,741 ,000)
q;.
~\.
r"~
....
($24,117,000)"
$1 7,3.23,0'00-
($21, ~
'tJ
<t.;
Of
0'tJ
~
'tJ
.::i
($24,117,000 )
. _J~21.79~,~"~?)
/I
L
,~l::
($11,554,000) ,
($21,601,000)
($6,410,000)
_.__
/1
}~
($11,554,000)11
($11,554.000)
$17,323.000
___. . _ _ _ _
;;
($11,554,000 )[1
($4.741,000)
. --==-
~ fI
.
(~ 1,554 ~<:.2fl
($641,000 )
'
. ' +~!t;
($11,554,000)
($11,554,000 )
($21,793,000)
($3,993,000)
."~~-;;.
~_._
($1,997,000) '
,i
"
q,
,
q,Q.
($16,344,000)
(521.793,000) ---($4,741,000)
t"-
$43,857,000
q,~
.-1' ~":""i-",-;w.I'r
/,
($4,741,000)
I I~
$43,857,000
900
0'"
,<f
,~
(j
.!!
0'"
(j
-- - -- -- ($22,793~()OO-) - ---($4,741.000) - -
'j
_.
.__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . ($21.793,000)
...... _ _ _ _ _
---.
$43,857 ,000
'i:j~i:i-l- .:1.1
($6,655,000)
($3,993,000) :
~90 0 -$43,857"0~O ~~
2020 900
($4,741,000)
($4,741 ,000)
~r
$43,857 ,000 1_ _ _
'1_
H.
($21,793,000)
$43,857,000 ;
857 000
II
--(i12.563POOi
$43,857,000
2_01_6 190~ . _
2019
&
($11.554.000)
.2015, ~ _ ,~3:~!
2018
q,
.~
2()12.
t?
'"
~
.~
".
1<
q,
900
90,0
900
0'tJ
'tJ
t?
!Lj!.~!.~_~4,OOO)
2006
Acetaldehvde
c.P
~
,L ~~:_ _~_
, ./
,,~v
(b~
~'(:s:
...
q,'tJ
"- .~
'
($4 ,741.000)
--
($4.741,000)
!
IL
.
$17,32.3,000
--_.
$17,323.000
($6,410,000)
$29,886,000
($11 ,058,000)
$18.828.000
----
$10,913 ,000
S10,045,OOO '
...
'
.,
$9,278,000
1.
",'
.. r--;I;'lH;
158
by the hydrogenation of acetic acid over a palladium-iron oxide catalyst, as described in the
patent filed by Eastman Chemical. The acetaldehyde is recovered by first absorbing it with an
acetic acid-rich solvent, then separating the acetaldehyde from water and acetic acid in a
distillation column. In order to attain high recovery of the low boiling (b.p.
70 OF)
acetaldehyde at the purity required for sale, the vapor distillate from the primary acetaldehyde
distillation column is fed to a smaller column with a condenser operating at 10 F that condenses
the acetaldehyde while allowing lighter gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, and ethylene to
escape. Large amounts of both hydrogen and acetic acid can be recycled to the reactor in order
to minimize the amount of fresh feedstock that must be purchased. Ethyl acetate, which forms as
a by-product in the acetaldehyde distillation column can be purified and sold, generating
approximately 12 % of the sales revenue.
The profitability of this facility is very sensitive to the price of acetic acid. If the price of
acetic acid remains at its current level of $0.16/Ib , then this design would not be profitable and
should not be pursued. If the price of acetic acid decreases to $0.12 /Ib, there is an opportuni ty to
profit from manufacturing acetaldehyde by the process we have described. Further studies are
needed to project the market for acetaldehyde and whether we will be able to sell the
$100,000,000 pounds per year we produce. In addition, there should be a study to determine the
probable price of acetic acid in the near future. If acetic acid can be purchased as cheaply as
$0.12 /Ib and the market will support the introduction of 100,000,000 Ib/yr of acetaldehyde, then
159
160
Acknowledgements
We would like to express our appreciation to Prof. Leonard Fabiano, our advisor, Dr.
John Vohs, our faculty advisor, and Dr. Bruce Vrana, who gave us this problem, for helping us
and guiding us with this design project. We would also like to thank the following people who
also helped us with our design project:
Dr. Warren Seider
Mr. Miles Juilian
David Kolesar, Rohn & Haas
Dr. Frank Petrocelli, Air Products and Chemicals
Mr. Henry Sandler
Mr. John Wismer, Atochem North America
Dr. Rob Becker, Environex
Dr. Wen Hsieh
All Industrial Consultants
Fellow Students
161
Bibliography
Agreda, Victor and J.R. Zoeller Ed., Acetic Acid and its Derivatives, Marcel Dekker, New York
(1993).
Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 4th ed. Wiley, New York (1991).
Levenspiel, Octave. Chemical Reaction Engineering, 3rd ed., Wiley, New York, (1999).
McKetta, John J. Ed. Encyclopedia of Chemical Processing and Design. Marcel Dekker, New
York (1997).
Perry, R.H. and D.W. Green, Ed., PeID's Chemical Engineers' Handbook, 7th ed. McGraw-Hill,
Peters, M.S. and K.D. Timmerhaus, Plant Design and Economics for Chemical Engineers, 4th
Seader, J.D. and EJ. Henley, Separation Process Principles, Wiley, New York (1998)
Seider, Warren D., J.D. Seader, and Daniel R. Lewin. Process DesignPrinciples,Wiley, New
York (1999).
Tustin, G.c., et a1. "Method for Producing Acetaldehyde from Acetic Acid." U.S. Patent No.
6,121,498.
Ulrich, G.D., A Guide to Chemical Engineering Process Design and Economics, Wiley, New
York (1984)
162
91
:y XIUN:tIddV
164
Current CE
=405
C~002:= 405
CE I982 := 315
COMPRESSOR CP-410
Powernet := 443.8hp
Powernet = 330.942 kW
11 := 0.72
Power
Power:=
net
0.72
Power = 459.641 kW
= $280,000
C~002
C p := 280000--
CE 1982
C p = 3.6 x 10
Cp
= $360,000
F BM := 7.3
C BM := FBMC p
C BM = 2.628 x 10
C_BM = $2,628,000
165
d1
d
moles of heavy key (water) in distillate
b
j
bi
=relative
d j := 291.3229
b'=
J . 1113
b i := 0.21 7
a := 2
j
IOg(di . b ;
dJ bI
Nmjn := -J"O"og....::,(a-)~
Nmin = 19.737
dj
i
_ d - afeed(
_ Xj.feed
l).feed
Lmin - ....0.-_ _ _ _ _- - " - _ - "
afeed - I
Xj .feed := .112
l) .feed := 0.423
166
To find relative volatility of the feed, use the geometric mean of the relative volatilities on
equilbrium stages 27 and 28.
CX
feed := (3 13) 2
CX feed
= 6.245
d,I
dJ
- - - cxfeed'-
xi.feed
l).feed
Lmin :=
cxfeed - 1
Lmin = 491.106
= moles of distillate
D:= 304 .8
Lmin = 1.611
o
Rmin
:= 1.61 I
R = 2.094
At 1.3 times the minimum reflux ratio, the actual number of required stages can be
determined by the Gilliland Correlation.
R - Rmin
X:=
R+I
X=0.156
y=
N - Nmin
N+ I
y.= I - exp
1 + 54.4 X ) .[X
---I
[( I 1+ 117.2X
XO.5
J]
167
Y = 0.499
Y + Nmin
N := - - -
1-Y
N = 40.422
The actual conditions used in the simulation was a reflux ratio of 2.40, with 40 equilibrium stages.
These calculations were done using Excel spreadsheets. The following explanation outlines
the equations and assumptions used in performing the calculations.
As a first step to finding the dimensions of the column tower, the flow parameter (FP) was
calculated from the values of the liquid and vapor flow rates in the top stage of the column and
the liquid and vapor densities which we got from the Aspen simulation of our process.
Additionally, the surface tension of the liquid gives us the flooding velocity. We assumed a tray
spacing of 24 inches (61 Omm) Using the known variables for the vapor flow rate, flooding velocity
and the density of the vapor phase, the diameter of the column was determined from the
following equation :
Where:
D = Tower diameter
p = Density
Ib
V:= 151800
hr
1b
P v := 0.464
ft3
U:= 1.16
D = 10.3ft
Since towers are fabricated in increments of 0.5 ft., the calculated diameter of 10.3 ft.
is rounded up to 10.5 ft.
168
The tower height was computed by multiplying the number of trays with the tray
spacing and allowing a 10-ft high bottoms sump below the bottoms tray and a 4-ft
disengagement height above the top tray. All other distillation columns are computed
similarly. The absorber does not have either of the additional heights because there
is no condenser or reboiler. The stripper does not have a reboiler, and thus there is
no need for a 10-ft. bottoms sump.
The bare module cost of the tower is estimated from the following equation:
L
D
FM
P
This equation holds for operating pressure> 7 barg. For lower pressure, the pressure
factor is approximately 1.
The bare module cost of the trays are estimated from the following equation :
The actual number of trays is computed by dividing the number of equilibrium stages
used in the simulation by the tray efficiency. The O'Connell Correllation is used to find the
tray efficiency for distillation columns (Seader and Henley):
Eo
=0.503.(aopf 00226
For the absorber and stripper, the tray efficiency is calculated as follows:
Log(Eo)
= 1.597 -
L L
00199010g KMLO
PL /lLJ - 0.0896 ((KM
log
PL'/l JJ2
(
Where
/l
=viscosity of liquid
169
PL
ML
For the reflux accumulator, the total liquid (reflux + distillate) flow rate leaving the
accumulator = the vapor flow rate from the top tray. The accumulator volume is calculated
using the following equation :
The diameter is then determined from the volume. Assuming a cylindrical vessel with
aspect ratio of 4,
The length can then be found from the Length/Diameter ratio, and figure 9.3 (a) of
Seider, Seader, and Lewin can be used to estimate the cost.
The following pages summarize the calculations of the cost for the various columns.
The reboilers and condensers were priced separately using B-JAC because it is more
rigorous and precise.
170
Input
Liquid
Flow rate (Ib/hr)
Density (lb/ft"3)
Molecular weight
Surface tension (dyne/cm)
Vapor
143500
83.60459256
51950
0.464469959
34 n/a
1.6
4
40
0 .564554408
70.85233851
71
610 TS (ft)
1
2
Reflux Accumulator
top stage vol (ft"3/hr)
Vol. flow rate (ft"3/min)
Accumulator Volume (ft"3)
Diameter (L to D = 4)
Length
Rounded diameter (ft)
Rounded length (ft)
Fm
Fp
Fbm
Cp
Cbm
685
11 .41666667
114.1666667
3.312298574
13.2491943
1.06707317
3.5 meters
3.04878049
10 meters
4
1.1
8.004210526 Current Price
4000
$5,192
32016.84211
$41,560
Calculations
Bare module cost of tower
Purchased Cost
Current Price
753757.9552
$978,436
75566.2224
$98,091
1.111961586
0.205887555
0.080473439
0.089483373
1.197205939
1.017625048
1.223823297
4.014140413
4.5
157.0303831
27023.83808
337.797976
$780,781.79
$1,013,515
$75,904 .02 _ _
$98,529
171
Current Cost
$35,079
$438
viscosity
alpha
0.3
2
Input
I
Vapor
Liquid
Flow rate (Ib/hr)
Density (lb/ft"3)
Molecular weight
Surface tension (dyne/cm)
210500
80.63198482
151800
0.464469959
34 n/a
Tra~s
and tower
Design pressure in barg
Material factor for tower
Number of Equilibrium Stages
Efficiency
Number of Trays
Actual Trays (rounded to whole)
Tray spacing (mm)
Tray frequency factor
Material factor for trays
5
4
18
0.614443808
29.29478624
30
610 TS (ft)
1
2
Reflux Accumulator
top stage vol (ft"3/hr)
Vol. flow rate (ft"3/min)
Accumulator Volume (ft"3)
Diameter (L to D =4)
Length
Rounded diameter (ft)
Rounded length (ft)
Fm
Fp
Fbm
Cp
Cbm
2243
37.38333333
373.8333333
4.918609886
19.67443954
5 meters
20 meters
4
1.1
8.004210526 Current Price
9000
$11 ,683
72037.89474
$93,511
Calculations
viscosity
alpha
Current Price
$1,449,963
1117008.686
111983.0659
$145,363
1.111961586
0.105245968
0.093182831
0.103615728
1.361275663
1.157084313
3.145051187
10.31576789
10.5
31831.73264
884.2147955
$41,320
$1,148
$1,148,840.42
$112,867.28
$1,491,283
$146,510
172
1.65
0.25
1.52439024
6.09756098
Input
Liquid
Flow rate (Ib/hr)
Density (lb/ft"3)
Surface tension (dyne/cm)
Vapor
2324
1858
0.371575967
74.31519339
32 n/a
Tra~s
and tower
Design pressure in barg
Material factor for tower
Number of Equilibrium Stages
Efficiency
Number of Trays
Actual Trays (rounded to whole)
Tray spacing (mm)
Tray frequency factor
Material factor for trays
1.6
11
0.607967721
18.09306583
19
610 TS (ft)
1
2
Reflux Accumulator
top stage vol (ft"3/hr)
Vol. flow rate (ft"3/min)
Accumulator Volume (ft"3)
Diameter (L to D = 4)
Length
Rounded diameter (ft)
Rounded length (ft)
Fm
Fp
Fbm
Cp
Cbm
40
0.666666667
6.666666667
1.285047805
5.140191221
0.457317
1.5 meters
1.676829
5.5
meters
4
1.1
8.004210526 Current Price
$2,207
1700
$17,663
13607.15789
Calculations
viscosity
alpha
Current Price
$97,404
75037 .31296
$9,765
7522 .688471
1.098560543
0.056532031
0.100927522
0.110874993
1.564084258
1.32947162
0.052382717
0.1 71 81 5311
1.5
0.45720556
52
Current Price
$6,170
4753 .085915
$280
216.0493598
$79,790.40
$7,738.74
173
0.262
1.65
$103,574
$10,045
NEAR AZEOTROPE DISTILLATION COLUMN DC-900
Input
Liquid
Flow rate (Ib/hr)
Density (lb/ft"3)
Molecular weight
Surface tension (dyne/cm)
Vapor
20350
0.464469959
21700
79.33146894
16 n/a
1.2
4
12
0.60247906
19.91770469
20
610 TS (ft)
1
2
Reflux Accumulator
Fm
Fp
Fbm
Cp
Cbm
150
2.5
25
1.996471156
7.985884624
2 meters
8 meters
4
1.1
8.004210526 Current
$2,726
2100
$21,819
16808.84211
Calculations
viscosity
alpha
Current Price
$143,388
$14,375
Purchased Cost
110461.6642
11074.07308
U (85% of Uf)
Diameter (m)
Diameter (ft)
0.9563525
0.081592715
0.096763678
0.092540186
1.205866443
1.024986476
0.475956465
1.561137206
54
Current Cost
$7,144
5503.89044
$298
229.3287683
Purchased Cost
$115,965.55
$11,303.40
174
0 .3
1.5
$150,532
$14,673
0.609756
2.439024
Input
Liquid
Flow rate (Ib/hr)
Density (lb/ft"3)
Molecular weight
Surface tens ion (dyne/cm)
Trays and tower
Design pressure in barg
Material factor for tower
Number of Equilibrium Stages
Efficiency
Number of Trays
Actual Trays (rounded to whole)
Tray spacing (mm)
Tray frequency factor
Material factor for trays
Vapor
3222
86 .39141231
2789
0.46446996
V
36814
930
73444
5
17 n/a
1.6
4
23
0 .515120908
44 .6497116
45
610 TS (ft)
1
2
viscosity
alpha
0.3
3 viscosity
alpha
Reflux Accumulator
top stage vol (ft"3/hr)
Vol. flow rate (ft"3/min)
Accumulator Volume (ft"3)
Diameter (L to D = 4)
Length
Rounded diameter (ft)
Rounded length (ft)
Fm
Fp
Fbm
Cp
Cbm
38
0 .633333333
6 .333333333
1.263263126
5.053052502
0.457317
1.5 meters
5.5 meters
1.676829
4
1.1
8.004210526 Current Price
1700
$2,207
13607.15789
$17,663
Calculations
Current Price
$417,581
$41,864
321692 .0029
32250.47148
0 .968018785
0 .084707244
0.09627479
0 .093195805
1.2676
1.07746
0 .06205379
0.203536431
3 Higher because .2 ft is too small, and want aspect
ratio <-30
Current Pages
12157.89285
$15,782
$343
264 .3020185
$333,849 .90
$32,514 .77
I
I
$433,363
$42,207
175
0 .3
3
STRIPPER ST -800
Input
Liquid
Flow rate (Ib/hr)
Density (lblft"3)
Molecular weight
Surface tension (dyne/cm)
Vapor
14550
83 .60459256
7637
0.33441837
60 n/a
0 .8
4
4
0.348058807
11 .49231085
12
610 TS (ft)
1.3
2
Reflux Accumulator
top stage vol (ft"3/hr)
Vol. flow rate (ft"3/min)
Accumulator Volume (ft"3)
Diameter (L to D = 4)
Length
Rounded diameter (ft)
Rounded length (ft)
Fm
Fp
Fbm
Cp
Cbm
53
0.883333333
8.833333333
1.41142534
5.645701361
1.5 meters
6 meters
4
1
7.424736842 Current Price
2,337
1800
13364.52632
17,348
Calculations
I,:
219579.8593
2666.115202
1.24573094
0.120495325
0 .091018966
0.113385142
1.789187361
1 .520809257
0.167200087
0.548556716
1
28
2137.975232
205 .5745416
Current Cost
2,775
267
$221,717 .83
$2,871 .69
287,807
3,728
176
285,032
3,461
K
Molar Mas
viscosity, cP
density of liq, Ib/cuft
Kmmu/rho
2
0.457317073
1 .829268293
10
30 .23
0.5
85
1.778235
ABSORBER AB-320
Iii1:J/;j
Input
Liquid
Flow rate (Ib/hr)
Density (lb/ft"3)
Molecular weight
Surface tension (dyne/cm)
Trays and tower
Design pressure in barg
Material factor for tower
Number of Equilibrium Stages
Efficiency
Number of Trays
Rounded number of Trays
Tray spacing (mm)
Tray frequency factor
Material factor for trays
Calculations
Vapor
105300
86.984076
23160
0.33441837
31.839 n/a
K
Molar Mas
viscosity, cP
density of liq, Ib/cuft
Kmmu/rho
15
4
15
0.50726453
29.57037
30
610 TS (ft)
1
2
0.475
40
0 .5
85
0.111764706
82886.3851
20349.1044
1.09745289
0.28191293
0.07273938
0.07982805
1.28497261
1.09222672
0 .70601546
0.8
22 .5552
Current Price
$107,593
$26,415
2.31631672 ft
0.7620023
74 ft
2.5
Current Price
Bare Module Cost of trays
Purchased Cost
Bare Module Trays + Tower
Purchased
Cost
--
-
$9'73~1
7495.776
249.8592
$90,382.16
$20,598.96
$324
$117,323
$26,~9
177
Input
Vapor
Liquid
2429
69.6704938
Density (lb/ft"3)
Molecular weight
Surface tension (dyne/cm)
2848
0 .343707769
19 n/a
1.2
4
2
0.259184073
7.716523525
610 TS (ft)
1.9
Reflux Accumulator
top stage vol (ft"3/hr)
Vol. flow rate (ft"3/min)
Length
Fm
Fp
Fbm
Cp
Cbm
40
0.666666667
6.666666667
1.285047805
5.140191221
1.5 meters
5.5 meters
4
1.1
Calculations
viscosity
alpha
Current Price
$60,360
46499.66847
$6,051
4661.714367
Diameter (m)
Diameter (ft)
0.989793782
0.059904267
0.1 00340717
0.099316617
1.410515226
1 .198937942
0.076954233
0.252409884
1.5
30
1641 .975134
216 .0493598
IPurchased Cost
$48,141 .64
$4,877.76
178
0.188
100
$2,131
$193
$62,492
$6,332
0.457317
1.676829
DECANTER DE-720
Horizontal Cylindrical Process Vessel
Necessary Volume: 10 minute holding time at half-full
ft3
Flow := 643
hr
V:= Flow(lOmin)2
v=
=3
Assume UD
2
n D L
V=-
4
3
nD 3
V=-
4
I
D:= (4.V) 3
3 n
D = 4.497ft
D:= 4.5ft
L:= 3D
L = 13.5ft
L=4.115m
D=1.372m
179
C~002
Cp := 7000- -
CE I982
9 x 10
Cp
Cp
= $9,000
Pressure Factor:
Fp:= I
Material Factor:
FM := 4.0
C BM = 6.3x 10
In Aspen:
Estimate a stack temperature of 670 F. Using a table found in McKetta. find the efficiency.
efficiency:= 0 .83
Ocalc
Q:=--
efficiency
Q= 15.292
180
Use Q
Q:= 20
k is material factor
k:= 42
Design Factor
fd := 0
Pressure factor
f p .=
. 0
Clnstalled = 6.1 05 x 10
C_lnstalled
C~002
CE J985
= $610,500
Estimate bare module cost and purchase costs using table based on estimates for
bare module costs as a function of purchased cost found in Seider (343)
C p :=
ClnstaJled
2.34
C p = 2.609 x 10
Cp = $260,900
CBM := 3.18C p
C
BM = 8.296 x 105
C_BM = $829,600
181
Because required volume will be large, in order to limit the size of the radius, so that it can be
transported directly, instead of fabricating it on site, an aspect ratio of 4.5 is selected.
I
2
-nD L
4
=V
1
2
.
-n D (4.5-D)
4
D '=
=V
4.Y ) 3
-
( 4.5-n
D = 16.833 ft
D:=17 ft
L:= 4.5D
L = 76.5 ft
In order to use the cost charts, length and diameter must be in meters.
D=5.182m
L = 23.317m
The length of 5.182 m is beyond the cost chart's range, but we will extrapolate based on the
lines that are present
C~002
C p := 150000 - -
CE 1982
C p = 1.929 x 10
Cp = $192,900
182
Pressure Factor
Fp:== 1
Material Factor
FM :== 4 .0
C BM == 1.832 x 10
C_BM
=$1,832,000
SA == 775 .09m
CE2002
C p :== 40000 CE
I982
C p == 5.143 x 10
Cp = $51,430
Pressure factor at 15 barg:
Fp:== 1.05
FM := 3.0
FpFM == 3.15
FSM := 6
183
C BM := 651430
C BM
= 3.086 x
10
C_BM = $308,600
Using B-JAC, the estimated purchase cost was $83,255.
Bare-Module cost estimate was $265,000
The prices are comparable, but the bare module cost estimated from B-JAC (and used for
calculating the total cost) is 14% lower than the bare module cost using cost charts.
by Aspen .
Powernet := 13hp
Powernet = 9.694 kW
YJ := 0.52
Powernet
Power:= - -
YJ
Power = 18.642 kW
Power = 25hp
C~002
C p := 9000 - -
CE 1982
C p =1.157 x l0
Cp = $11,570
Material Factor
FM := 1.9
Pressure Factor
Fp:= 1.1
184
C BM := FBMCp
C BM
= 5.786 x
10
C_BM = 57,860
Power requirement for this pump can also be calculated by hand, without using the
Aspen results.
This can be done using the following equation , found on p. 804 in Seider, Seader, and Lewin.
(gpm)(psidifference)
hpower = ...:='---'....:..:....----'
(1714)( efficiency)
ft3
gpm:= 719.6
hr
min
efficiency:= 0.52
(89 .7)(248.3)
hpower:= (1714)(0.52)
hpower = 24.989
The power requirement of 25 hp used for the calculations agrees well with this result.
Powernet := 15.6hp
Powernet = 11.633 kW
11 := 0.57
Powernet
Power:= - - -
11
Power = 20.409 kW
CE 2002
C p := 9000--
CE I982
185
C p = U57 x 10
Cp=$11,570
Fp:= 1.1
4
CBM = 5.786 x 10
C_BM
= $57,860
Powernet := 2.49 bp
Powernet
= 1.857 kW
0.485
Powernet
Power := - -
1'] :=
1']
Power = 3.828kW
C~002
C p := 4800--
CE I982
C p = 6.171 x 10
Cp = $6,171
4
CBM = 3.086 x 10
186
Powernet := 1.83hp
Powernet = 1.365 kW
:= 0.44
Power
Power :=
net
T]
T]
Power=3 .10IkW
CE2002
C p := 4500- -
CE I982
C p = 5.786 x 10
Cp = $5,786
C mV1 := FBMC p
C BM = 2.893 x 10
C_BM = $28,930
RECYCLE PUMP P-730
Powernet := 0.11 hp
0.30
Powernet
Power :=
11
T] :=
Power = 0.273 kW
CE2002
C p := 2000- -
CE I982
C p = 2.571 x 10
Cp = $2,571
C BM := Cp-FBM
C BrvI
= 1.286 x
10
4
187
THE REFLUX AND REBOILER PUMPS WERE NOT SIZED USING ASPEN. THE
POWER REPORTED IS TAKEN TO BE THE TOTAL INPUT REQUIREMENT (CONSIDERS
EFFICIENCY)
ACETALDEHYDE DISTILLATION COLUMN REBOILER PUMP PB-SOO
Power:= 7.46kW
C~002
C p := 2800- -
.
CE
I982
C p =3 .6 x 10
Cp
=$3,600
C BM = 1.8 x 10
C~002
C p := 7000--
CE I982
C p = 9 x 10
Cp = $9,000
C BM = 4.5 x 10
C p := 1700. CI1002
CE I982
= 2.186 x
Cp
10
Cp = $2,186
C BM := FBMC p
C BM = 1.093 x 10
C_BM
= $10,930
p
CE I982
Cp
= 2.829 x
Cp
= $2,829
10
C BM := FBMC p
~M = 1.414 x
C_BM
10
= $14,140
C := 2J 00 . CI1002
p
CE I982
C p = 2.7 x 10
Cp
= $2,700
C BM := FBMC p
C BM = 1.35
10
189
Power:= 1.49kW
C~002
C p := 3300- -
CE 1982
C p = 4.243 x 10
Cp
= $4,243
C BM
2.121 x 10
Power := 0.25kW
C~002
C p := 2000 - -
CE 1982
C p = 2.571 x 10
Cp
= $2,571
C BM
1.286 x 10
Power:= 5.6kW
190
C := 5500. CE:2002
p
CE I982
C p = 7.071 x 10
Cp = $7,071
C BM := FBMCp
CBM = 3.536 x 10
C_BM
= $35,360
Power:= 0.25kW
C~002
C := 2000.
p
Cp = 2.571
CE I982
10
Cp = $2,571
C BM := FBMC p
CBM = 1.286 x 10
C_BM = $12,860
ACETONE DISITLLATION COLUMN REXLUX PUMP PR810
Power:= 0.097kW
CE 2002
C p := 1600--
CE 1982
C p = 2.057 x 10
Cp = $2,057
CBM := FBMC p
191
Cp
= $2,057
C BM = 1.029 x 10
Power:= 1.l2kW
C~002
C p := 3100--
CE l982
Cp
= 3.986 x J 0
Cp
= $3,986
C BM
= 1.993 x 10
Power := 0.097kW
C~002
C p := 1600--
CE 1982
C p = 2.057 x ]0
Cp
= $2,057
C BM = 1.029 x 10
192
Q := 0.9 MM Btu/hr
Temperature factor for refrigeration at -20 C
F:= 2.10
Cinstalled:= 1000.146.f.QO.65.
C~002
CE 1985
Cinstalled = 3.568 x J 0
Since it is unclear what is included in the purchase cost of the refrigeration system, in finding
the total cost of equipment, we assume an installed price of $500,000 to ensure that all pumps,
tanks, and the glycol solution are accounted for.
REACTOR RX-240
Amount of catalyst required is determined by the space velocity.
GHSV
= vreactants
Vcatalyst
GHSV:= 2600.hr- J
ft3
reactants:= 224307
hr
Vcatalyst:=
Vreactants
GHSV
Take the diameter of the reactor to be 4 ft., and find the required height of the catalyst bed .
Vcatalyst = (
~ }11' D2. h
D := 4.ft
V
h := 4 . catalyst
11D
193
h = 6.865 ft
Footer: 6 ft.
L = 16.865 ft
Round this up :
L :=17ft
= 4.25
This is a reasonable aspect ratio; the diameter does not need to be re-evaluated.
To estimate costs using cost charts. the dimensions must be in meters:
L = 5.182m
D= l.219m
C~002
C p := 13000- -
CE 1982
C p = 1.671 x 10
Cp = $16,710
Stainless Steel Reactor:
F M := 4.0
Pressure is 16 barg
Fp := 2.0
F BM := 16
194
C BM := FBMC p
C BM = 2.674 x J0
C_BM = $267,400
CATALYST COSTS
42.~
ft3
Weightcatalyst
= 3.623 x
J03 1b
1650
Costcatalyst := - -
Ib
COS~otal =
Cost
5.979 x 10
= $5,979,000
Estimate that catalyst must be replaced every 5 years, budget 20% replacement per year
900
Salvage:= Ib
Replacecos ts := 0.2 Weightcatalysd Costcatalysl - Salvage)
Replacecosts = 5.435 x 10
Replacement = $543,500Iyr
195
vACOH := 320
hr
time := 24 hr
V := v ACOH" time
V = 217.473m
Use cubic meters, because those are the units required for cost chart.
C~002
C p := 20000
CE l982
Cp
= 2.571
Cp
=$25,710
x 10
FBM := 4 .5
C BM = l.l5 7 x 10
C_BM = $115,700
ACETIC ACID BOTTOMS RECYCLE (5-103) HOLDING TANK T-2
Need 12 hour supply of S-103.
ft3
v:= 401.4-
hr
t :=
12hr
V: = vt
V = 136.397m
C~002
C p := 9000
CE I982
C P = 1.157 x 10
Cp
=$11,570
196
C BM := FBMC p
CBM = 5.207 x 10
C_BM = $52,070
v:= 7.542
hr
V:= v 1
v=
2.56 3m
CEz002
C p := 1200- -
CE 1982
C p = 1.543
Cp
10
= $1,543
CBM := FBMCp
CBM = 6.943
10
C_BM = $6,943
1424h
336 h
ft3
v:= 21.753
V:= v1
= 206.968 m
C := 20000. CEz002
p
CE 1982
C p = 2.571 x 10
Cp
= $25,710
197
CBM = 1.157 x 10
C_BM = $115,700
ACETALDEHYDE PRODUCT STORAGE TANK (T-5)
Must hold a 14-day supply of the combined acetaldehyde products
ft3
ft3
v := 221.854- + 52.593
hr
hr
ft3
v = 274.447
hr
t := 1424hr
V:= vt
3
V =2 .61I x 10 m
CE:2002
C p := 52000 - -
CE 1982
C p = 6.686 x 10
Cp
= $66,860
This tank must be refrigerated in order to keep the temperature of acetaldehyde below 60 F.
Assume that this doubles the bare module cost.
CBM = 6.0 17 x 10
hr
198
V:= v!
V=615.1 85 m
C := 22000. CE:z002
p
CE 1982
C p = 2.829 x 10
Cp = $28,290
C BM := FBMC p
C BM
= 1.273 x
10
C_BM = $127,300
STORAGE TANK FOR BOTTOMS OF ACETALDEHYDE DISTILLATION COLUMN (T-7)
This tank must hold a 12-hour supply of the acetaldehyde distillation column's bottoms, stream
S-506.
ft3
v:= 1699.945
hr
V := v!
3
V = 577.645 m
C := 20000. C"E:z002
p
CE I982
Cp = 2.571
Cp
x 10
= $25,710
C BM := FBM C p
C BM = 1.157 x 10
C_BM = $115,700
199
200
lOZ
:gXION3ddV
202
cw:= 385000
total
cw
gal
hr
yr
gal
6 - I
total cw = 1.006 x 10 yr
According to Table 9.4 in Seider, Seader, and Lewin, the cost is $58/gpm
This book also lists the cooling water cost as $0.05/1 OOOgal, which is considerably
less expensive than our estimate. Thus, assume the allocated cost is $300/gpm.
3 gaJ
cw = 6.417 x 10
mm
Cost:= 6417300
Cost = 1.925 x 10
Allocated Cost
=$1,925,000
It appears to be very beneficial to pay this amount as an allocated cost instead of the annual
cooling water utility.
203
STEAM COSTS
35 psig steam :
Ib
F35 := 2898
hr
.00246
lb
'=-
35'
-I
C 35 = 7.129hr
75 psig steam:
lb
F75 := 16703
hr
-I
c75 := .002551b
C 75 = 42 .593 hr
-I
lb
F600 := 29636
hr
.0028
c600:= -
lb
C 600 = 82 .981 hr
-I
-I
Cannual = l.051 x 10
204
C_annual
=$1,051 ,00/yr
Cost for steam is allocated facility is $50 per pound per hour
Ib
SteaTTtot := 49238
hr
c:= -
50
Jb
hr
C alloc := SteaTTto(c
CalJoc = 2.462 x 10
C_alloc
= $2,462,000
If generating the initial capital is not a concern, it appears to be more profitable to build an
allocated steam plant.
205
206
LOZ
:3 XIGN3:ddV
208
VESSELS
ITEM: AB-320
BLOCK:
- SOLVENT
ABSFEED
OUTLETS - RECYCLE
RECOVERY
PROPERTY OPTION SET:
HENRY-COMPS ID:
INLETS
STAGE
1
STAGE 15
STAGE
1
STAGE 15
NRTL-RK
HC-1
RENON (NRTL)
/ REDLICH-KWONG
***
TOTAL BALANCE
MOLE (LBMOL/HR)
MASS (LB/HR
)
ENTHALPY (BTU/HR
5524.62
85747.6
-0.282589E+09
***
OUT
RELATIVE DIFF.
5524.62
85747.6
-0.282590E+09
O.OOOOOOE+OO
-0.339413E-15
0.176865E-05
**********************
INPUT DATA
****
****
**********************
INPUT PARAMETERS
****
****
NUMBER OF STAGES
ALGORITHM OPTION
ABSORBER OPTION
INITIALIZATION OPTION
HYDRAULIC PARAMETER CALCULATIONS
INSIDE LOOP CONVERGENCE METHOD
DESIGN SPECIFICATION METHOD
MAXIMUM NO . OF OUTSIDE LOOP ITERATIONS
MAXIMUM NO. OF INSIDE LOOP ITERATIONS
MAXIMUM NUMBER OF FLASH ITERATIONS
FLASH TOLERANCE
OUTSIDE LOOP CONVERGENCE TOLERANCE
COL-SPECS
****
****
****
P-SPEC
1.00000
0.0
0.0
BTU/HR
BTU/HR
****
STAGE
PRES, PSI
233.500
*******************
****
RESULTS
****
*******************
***
***
OUTLET STREAMS
RECYCLE
COMPONENT:
HYDROGEN
C02
METHANE
ETHYLENE
15
STANDARD
YES
STANDARD
NO
BROYDEN
NESTED
25
10
50
0.00010000
0.00010000
1.0000
.97692
.98156
.96964
RECOVERY
.33439E-05
.23077E-01
.18437E-01
.30358E-01
209
VESSELS
ITEM: AB-320 (CONTINUED)
***
COMPONENT SPLIT FRACTIONS
***
OUTLET STREAMS
-------------RECYCLE
COMPONENT:
ETHANE
ACETALD
ACETONE
ETHYLACE
ETHANOL
WATER
HOAC
***
RECOVERY
.96448
.92922E-01
.31952
.31643
.12114
.68472E-01
.33743E-01
.35519E-01
.90708
.68048
.68357
.87886
.93153
.96626
***
LBMOL / HR
LBMOL / HR
LBMOL / HR
LBMOL/HR
BTU/HR
BTU/HR
****
DEW POINT
BUBBLE POINT
COMPONENT MASS BALANCE
ENERGY BALANCE
****
PROFILES
159.440
126 .39 1
1,560.49
1,627.95
3,896.66
3,950 .83
0.0
0.0
F
F
****
0.20933E-03
0 . 51743E-03
0 . 25660E-15
0 . 35640E-05
STAGE=
STAGE=
STAGE=
STAGE=
8
4
2 COMP=ETHYLACE
1
****
**NOTE** REPORTED VALUES FOR STAGE LIQUID AND VAPOR RATES ARE THE FLOWS
FROM THE STAGE EXCLUDING ANY SIDE PRODUCT.
FOR THE FIRST STAGE,
THE REPORTED VAPOR FLOW IS THE VAPOR DISTILLATE FLOW .
FOR THE
LAST STAGE, THE REPORTED LIQUID FLOW IS THE LIQUID BOTTOMS FLOW.
STAGE TEMPERATURE
1
2
14
15
STAGE
1
2
14
15
PRESSURE
PSI
159.44
157.76
133.17
126.39
233.50
233.60
234.80
234.90
FLOW RATE
LBMOL /HR
VAPOR
LIQUID
3897 .
1560.
3907.
1564.
3940.
1604.
1628.
3951.
ENTHALPY
BTU/LBMOL
LIQUID
VAPOR
-0.15764E+06
-0.15731E+06
-0.15377E+06
-0.15223E+06
LIQUID
1550.0000
FEED RATE
LBMOL /HR
VAPOR
-8922.0
-9046.4
-9031.9
-9118.6
MIXED
3974.6166
210
HEAT DUTY
BTU / HR
PRODUCT RATE
LBMOL/HR
LIQUID
VAPOR
3896 " 6629
1627.9537
VESSELS
ITEM: AB-320 (CONTINUED)
**** MASS FLOW PROFILES
FLOW RATE
LB/HR
VAPOR
LIQUID
O.6269E+05 0.1988E+05
0.6286E+05 O.2029E+05
0.6478E+05 0.2186E+05
0.6587E+05 0.2238E+05
****
STAGE
1
2
14
15
LIQUID
.62278+05
FEED RATE
LB/HR
VAPOR
MIXED
.23470+05
MOLE-X-PROFILE
METHANE
CO2
0 . 11598E-02
0.71186E-03
O. 11960E- 02
0.73350E-03
0 . 15743E-02
0.99416E-03
0.17162E-02
0.10895E-02
****
STAGE
1
2
14
15
HYDROGEN
0.60809E-05
0.61050E-05
0.68827E-05
0.72221E-05
PRODUCT RATE
LB/HR
LIQUID
VAPOR
.19877+05
. 65871+05
****
ETHYLENE
0.40053E-03
0.41622E-03
0.53756E-03
0.59411E-03
MOLE-X-PROFILE
****
ACETONE
ETHYLACE
ETHANOL
0.85172E-02
0.19824E-Ol
0.15239E-02
0 . 83450E-02
0.19430E-Ol
o .15056E-02
0.13473E-02
0.65621E-02
0.15246E-Ol
0.65127E-02
0.13831E-Ol
0.16901E-02
ETHANE
0.52185E-03
0.54047E-03
0.62258E-03
0.65202E-03
****
STAGE
1
2
14
15
ACETALD
0.64862E-02
0.11212E-Ol
0.64546E-Ol
0.85999E-Ol
STAGE
1
2
14
15
HOAC
0.48004
0.47829
0.45827
0.44897
HYDROGEN
0.90233
0.89991
0.89246
0.88996
MOLE-Y-PROFILE
CO2
METHANE
0.30353E-Ol
0.24232E-Ol
0.30734E-Ol
0.24451E-Ol
0.30626E-Ol
0.24347E-Ol
0.30576E-Ol
0 . 24303E-Ol
****
STAGE
1
2
14
15
ACETALD
0.36806E-02
0.62237E-02
0.25070E-Ol
0.29801E-Ol
MOLE-Y-PROFILE
****
ACETONE
ETHYLACE
0 . 12776E-02
0.26749E-02
0.12127E-02
0.25221E-02
0.58479E-03
0.11246E-02
0.49963E-03
0.85471E-03
****
STAGE
1
2
14
15
****
MOLE-X-PROFILE
****
****
STAGE
1
2
14
15
HOAC
0.65502E-02
0.62734E-02
0.32669E-02
0 . 26719E-02
STAGE
1
2
14
15
HYDROGEN
0.14835E+06
0.14734E+06
0.12966E+06
0.12323E+06
MOLE-Y-PROFILE
K-VALUES
****
CO2
METHANE
26.167
34.036
25 . 690
33.327
19.454
24.489
17.816
22.307
211
WATER
0.48081
0.47833
0.45029
0 . 43893
****
ETHYLENE
0.79277E-02
0.80664E-02
0.80469E-02
0.80373E-02
ETHANOL
0.97326E-04
0.90711E-04
0.35850E-04
0.34814E-04
ETHANE
0.73968E-02
0.75853E-02
0.75610E-02
0.75481E-02
WATER
0.13479E-Ol
0.12930E-Ol
0.68750E-02
0.57111E-02
****
****
ETHYLENE
19.787
19.370
14.968
13.528
ETHANE
14.171
14.028
12.143
11.576
VESSELS
ITEM: AB-320 (CONTINUED)
K-VALUES
****
ACETALD
STAGE
0.56738
1
0.55500
2
0.38841
14
15
0.34653
****
ETHYLACE
ACETONE
0.13494
0.15000
0.12980
0.14532
0.89122E-Ol
0.73773E-Ol
0.76719E-Ol
0.61800E-Ol
K-VALUES
****
MASS-X-PROFILE
****
CO2
METHANE
0.12705E-02
0.28425E-03
o .13096E-02
0.29278E-03
0.39496E-03
0.17157E-02
0.18667E-02
0.43197E-03
****
****
STAGE
1
2
14
15
STAGE
1
2
14
15
ETHANOL
0.63870E-Ol
0.60261E-Ol
0.26616E-Ol
0.20602E-Ol
WATER
0.28036E-Ol
0.27035E-Ol
0.15269E-Ol
o .13012E-Ol
HOAC
O.13646E-Ol
0.13118E-Ol
0.71298E-02
0.59517E-02
HYDROGEN
0.30512E-06
0.30620E-06
0 . 34359E-06
0.35982E-06
STAGE
1
2
14
15
ACETALD
0 .7 1122E-02
0.12289E-Ol
0.70414E-Ol
0.93631E-Ol
STAGE
1
2
14
15
HOAC
0.71753
0 . 71463
0.68151
0.66635
ETHYLENE
0.27968E-03
0.29052E-03
0.37345E-03
0 . 41191E-03
MASS-X-PROFILE
****
****
ACETONE
ETHYLACE
ETHANOL
o .12313E-Ol
0.43473E-Ol
0 . 17475E-02
0.42594E-Ol
0.17257E-02
0.12059E-Ol
0.94382E-02
0.33265E-Ol
0.15370E-02
0.93485E-02
0.30118E-Ol
0 . 19243E-02
****
MASS-X-PROFILE
ETHANE
0.39058E-03
0.40435E-03
0.46359E-03
O.48455E-03
WATER
0.21560
0.21440
0.20089
0.19543
****
STAGE
1
2
14
15
HYDROGEN
0.35659
0.34927
0.32417
0.31674
MASS-Y-PROFILE
****
****
METHANE
ETHYLENE
CO2
0.26187
0.76209E-Ol
0 . 43599E-Ol
0.75522E-Ol
0.43568E-Ol
0.26042
0.70381E-Ol
0.40677E-Ol
0.24286
0.68836E-Ol
0.39808E-Ol
0.23757
ETHANE
0.43602E-Ol
0.43913E-Ol
0.40967E-Ol
0.40072E-Ol
STAGE
1
2
14
15
ACETALD
0.31786E-Ol
0.52786E-Ol
0.19900
0.23178
MASS-Y-PROFILE
****
ACETONE
ETHYLACE
0.14546E-Ol
O.46202E-Ol
0.42783E-Ol
O.13561E-Ol
0.61200E-02
0.17854E-Ol
o .13295E-Ol
0.51232E-02
WATER
0 . 47604E-Ol
0.44848E-Ol
0.22317E-Ol
0.18165E-Ol
****
STAGE
1
2
14
15
MASS-Y-PROFILE
HOAC
0.77113E-Ol
0.72532E-Ol
0.35350E-Ol
0 . 28329E-Ol
212
****
ETHANOL
0.87898E-03
0 . 80457E-03
0.29759E-03
0.28316E-03
****
VESSELS
UNIT: DC-SO~
BLOCK:
HACDIST
MODEL: RADFRAC
---------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- DFEED
- UP
HAC PROD
BOTTOMS
PROPERTY OPTION SET:
HENRY-COMPS ID:
INLETS
OUTLETS
STAGE 28
STAGE
1
STAGE
1
STAGE 40
NRTL-RK
HC-l
/ REDLICH-KWONG
***
DIFF.
TOTAL BALANCE
MOLE (LBMOL/HR)
MASS (LB/HR
)
ENTHALPY (BTU/HR
RENON (NRTL)
***
GENERATION
RELATIVE
2598.01
2 598.01
O.OOOOOOE+OO
0.875184E-15
105380.
105380.
0 . 635216E-14
-0.389505E+09 -0.3831 7 3E+09
-0 . 162575E-Ol
**********************
INPUT DATA
****
****
**********************
INPUT PARAMETERS
****
****
NUMBER OF STAGES
ALGORITHM OPTION
INITIALIZATION OPTION
HYDRAULIC PARAMETER CALCULATIONS
INSIDE LOOP CONVERGENCE METHOD
DESIGN SPECIFICATION METHOD
MAXIMUM NO. OF OUTSIDE LOOP ITERATIONS
MAXIMUM NO. OF INSIDE LOOP ITERATIONS
MAXIMUM NUMBER OF FLASH ITERATIONS
FLASH TOLERANCE
OUTSIDE LOOP CONVERGENCE TOLERANCE
COL-SPECS
****
40
STANDARD
STANDARD
NO
NEWTON
NESTED
60
10
50
0.00010000
0.00010000
****
0.22508
2 . 41000
304 .8 01
LBMOL/HR
STAGE
39
*****
TO
STAGE
39
REACTIONS/CHEMISTRY ID
R-l
RXN NO . TYPE
EQUILIBRIUM
1
**
RXN NO.
1
RXN NO .
1
PHASE
LIQUID
CONC.
TEMP APP TO EQUIL
BASIS
F
MOLE-GAMMA
O. OOOOOE+OO
STOICHIOMETRIC COEFFICIENTS
HYDROGEN
O.OOOOE+OO
ACETALD
O.OOOOE+OO
CO2
O.OOOOE+OO
ACETONE
O.OOOOE+OO
CONVERSION
**
METHANE
O.OOOOE+OO
ETHYLACE
1.000
213
ETHYLENE
O.OOOOE+OO
ETHANOL
- 1 . 000
ETHANE
O.OOOOE+OO
WATER
1.000
VESSELS
UNIT: DC-SOO
RXN NO.
1
(CONTINUED)
HOAC
-1.000
PROFILES
****
****
STAGE
P-SPEC
PRES, PSI
32 . 0000
*******************
****
RESULTS
****
*******************
***
OUTLET STREAMS
--------------
UP
COMPONENT:
HYDROGEN
CO2
METHANE
ETHYLENE
ETHANE
ACETALD
ACETONE
***
HAC PROD
1.0000
.97495
.95251
.83855
.91215
.19677
.21410E-10
.78425E-07
.25046E-01
.47485E-01
.16145
.87851E-01
.80248
.26357E-09
BOTTOMS
.11383E-24
.45731E-27
.73020E-27
.12866E-26
.12675E-26
.74528E-03
1.0000
OUTLET STREAMS
--------------
UP
COMPONENT :
ETHYLACE
ETHANOL
WATER
HOAC
HAC PROD
.28611E-22
.90396E-30
.17208E-03
.47139E-23
.97230E-21
.66439E-28
.13630E-02
.36445E-21
BOTTOMS
1.0000
1.0000
.99846
1.0000
***
PROFILES
101.848
262.664
734.571
2,293.21
68.6041
1,154.40
2.41000
0.50340
-0.105598+08
0.168921+08
F
F
LBMOL/HR
LBMOL/HR
LBMOL/HR
LBMOL/HR
BTU/HR
BTU/HR
****
**** MAXIMUM FINAL RELATIVE ERRORS
DEW POINT
o .11384E-03
BUBBLE POINT
0.13731-03
COMPONENT MASS BALANCE
0.31476E-06
ENERGY BALANCE
0.12321E-04
****
STAGE=
STAGE=
STAGE=
STAGE=
32
32
31 COMP=ACETONE
31
****
**NOTE** REPORTED VALUES FOR STAGE LIQUID AND VAPOR RATES ARE THE FLOWS
FROM THE STAGE EXCLUDING ANY SIDE PRODUCT.
FOR THE FIRST STAGE,
THE REPORTED VAPOR FLOW IS THE VAPOR DISTILLATE FLOW.
FOR THE
LAST STAGE, THE REPORTED LIQUID FLOW IS THE LIQUID BOTTOMS FLOW.
214
VESSELS
UNIT:
DC-SO~
(CONTINUED)
STAGE TEMPERATURE
F
1
2
26
27
28
29
30
31
39
40
101.85
114.95
119.83
122.41
155.33
156.90
159.84
168.92
255.53
262.66
STAGE
1
2
26
27
28
29
30
31
39
40
****
ENTHALPY
BTU/LBMOL
LIQUID
VAPOR
PRESSURE
PSI
32.000
34.000
36.400
36.500
36.600
36.700
36.800
36.900
37.700
37.800
FLOW RATE
LBMOL / HR
VAPOR
LIQUID
68.60
734.6
1039.
755.7
1018.
699.9
1005.
630.6
935.3
3509.
1215.
3511.
1218.
3498.
1205.
3472.
1155.
3448.
1154.
2293.
-82123.
-73730.
-81954.
-71409.
-84461.
-72240.
-91045.
-72669.
-0.13349E+06
-76234.
-0.13366E+06
-76308.
-0.13465E+06
-76916.
-0.13749E+06
-79206.
-0.15265E+06 -0.12956E+06
-0.15643E+06 -0.13051E+06
LIQUID
PRODUCT
LBMOL /
LIQUID
236.1971
RATE
HR
VAPOR
68.6041
2293.2091
FLOW RATE
LB/HR
VAPOR
LIQUID
2885.
0.3220E+05
0.3314E+05 0.4544E+05
0.3002E+05 0.4395E+05
0.2673E+05 0.4326E+05
0.1442E+06 0.3997E+05
0.1443E+06 0.5209E+05
0.1438E+06 0.5219E+05
0.1429E+06 0.5169E+05
0.1338E+06 0.4440E+05
0.9214E+05 0.4165E+05
HYDROGEN
0.66888E-11
0.49086E-12
0.14772E-11
0.44824E-11
o .13770E-11
0.48965E-17
0.17610E - 22
0.66254E-28
0.10000E-29
0.10000E-29
.16892+08
.65637-01
STAGE
1
2
26
27
28
29
30
31
39
40
MIXED
- . 10560+08
2597.9448
****
STAGE
1
2
26
27
28
29
30
31
39
40
FEED RATE
LBMOL/HR
VAPOR
HEAT DUTY
BTU/HR
LIQUID
FEED RATE
LB/HR
VAPOR
MIXED
PRODUCT RATE
LB/HR
LIQUID
VAPOR
.10355+05 885.3956
1.6931
.10538+06
.92140+05
MOLE-X-PROFILE
****
CO2
METHANE
0.53174E-03
0.63137E-03
0.34473E-04
0 . 50854E-04
0.56288E-04
0.43948E-04
0.84081E-04
0.40888E-04
0.45678E-04
0.21243E-04
o .11037E-05
0.37999E-06
0.26134E-07
0.65422E-08
0.58621E-09
0.10123E-09
0.58843E-24
0.10579E-26
0 . 10000E-29
0 . 10000E-29
215
****
ETHYLENE
0.12183E-02
0 . 14360E-03
0.10980E-03
0.11003E-03
0.45112E - 04
0.29442E-05
0.18403E-06
0.10230E-07
0.91180E-20
0.10000E-29
ETHANE
0.67295E-03
0.62903E-04
0.51164E-04
0 . 48350E-04
0.30441E-04
0.13547E-05
0.59121E-07
0.24565E-08
0.20488E-20
0.10000E-29
VESSELS
UNIT: DC-SOO
(CONTINUED)
MOLE-X-PROFILE
ACETONE
ETHYLACE
0.22339E-I0
0.19187E-21
0.61500E-I0
0.23368E-20
0.11977E-02
0.35829E-02
0.80995E-02
0.69879E-02
0.79118E-02
0.10710E-Ol
0.89707E-02
o .11227E-Ol
0.12462E-Ol
0.13469E-Ol
0.21380E-Ol
0.21172E-Ol
0.16277E-Ol
0.36185E-Ol
0.87298E-02
0.20325E-Ol
****
STAGE
1
2
26
27
28
29
30
31
39
40
ACETALD
0.99051
0.99193
0.94338
0.85026
0.30917
0.30551
0.28841
0.24067
0.36284E-03
0 . 94749E-04
****
STAGE
1
2
26
27
28
29
30
31
39
40
MOLE-X-PROFILE
****
ETHANOL
0.10000E-29
0.10000E-29
0.10380E-03
o .13095E-02
0.56740E-02
0 . 57204E-02
0.59498E-02
0.68345E-02
0.25265E-02
0.15503E-02
****
HOAC
0.17124E-20
0.11276E-21
0.17743E-02
0.32810E-Ol
0.32859
0.32905
0.33251
0.34139
0.41681
0.48394
HYDROGEN
0.29364E-03
0.19382E-04
0.19784E-04
0.20050E-04
o .11193E-05
0.39752E-ll
0.14117E-16
0.51120E-22
0.82659E-24
0.10075E-23
MOLE-Y-PROFILE
CO2
METHANE
0.71263E-Ol
0.43604E-Ol
0.52004E-02
0.34678E-02
0.49552E-02
0.31152E-02
0.50300E-02
0.31563E-02
0.54041E-02
0.33746E-02
0.61326E-04
o . 13187E-03
0.31822E-05
0.10956E-05
0.75863E-07
0.18991E-07
0.21550E-21
0.54467E-24
0.41556E-27
0.51968E-27
****
STAGE
1
2
26
27
28
29
30
31
39
40
ACETALD
0.83620
0.98033
0.95724
0.94714
0.88469
0.89234
0.88065
0.83704
0.32215E-02
0.89540E-03
MOLE-Y-PROFILE
ACETONE
ETHYLACE
0.19438E-22
0 . 62475E-11
0.21277E-I0
0.30466E-21
o .11606E-02
0.14311E-03
0.24960E-02
0.83436E-03
0.54604E-02
0.47109E-02
0.50931E-02
0.63684E-02
0.94243E-02
0.65951E-02
0.13053E-Ol
0.19563E-Ol
0.57959E-Ol
0.12349
0.31269E-Ol
0.67690E-Ol
****
STAGE
1
2
26
27
28
29
30
31
39
40
****
****
****
STAGE
1
2
26
27
28
WATER
0.64326E-02
0.77785E-02
0.49697E-Ol
0.10025
0.33781
0.33951
0 . 34719
0.36855
0 . 52784
0.48536
MOLE-Y-PROFILE
HOAC
0.76255E-22
0.66303E-23
0.83708E-04
0.12360E-02
0.22120E-Ol
216
ETHYLENE
0.21785E-Ol
0.25759E-02
0.18263E-02
0.18504E-02
0.19763E-02
0.13023E-03
0.84886E-05
0.53420E-06
0.11427E:"17
0.12438E-27
ETHANOL
0.46844E-31
0.69785E-31
0.65611E-05
0.72313E-04
0.88281E-03
0.92948E-03
0.10726E-02
0.16899E-02
0.68290E-02
0.44658E-02
****
ETHANE
0.24056E-Ol
0.22164E-02
0.18129E-02
0.18364E-02
o .19638E-02
0 . 87879E-04
0.39058E-05
0.17162E-06
0.23538E-18
0.10994E-27
WATER
0.27961E-02
0.61926E-02
0.29633E-Ol
0.36324E-Ol
0.69414E-Ol
0.71930E-Ol
0.77375E-Ol
0.96925E-Ol
0.59016
0.61222
VESSELS
UNIT: DC-SOO (CONTINUED)
29
0.22931E-01
30
0 . 24868E-01
31
0.31729E-01
39
0.21834
40
0.28346
HYDROGEN
0.43899E+08
0.39484E+08
0.13394E+08
0.44734E+07
0.81288E+06
0 . 81190E+06
0.8018SE+06
0.77205E+06
0.82659E+06
0.10075E+07
K-VALUES
****
METHANE
CO2
69.062
134.02
150.85
68.191
70.884
88.036
77.193
59.825
118.31
158.86
119.48
161.39
167.47
121. 77
187.63
129 . 44
514.85
366.23
415.56
519.68
****
STAGE
1
2
26
27
28
29
30
31
39
40
ACETALD
0.84421
0.98830
1. 0147
1.1139
2.8615
2.9208
3.0534
3.4782
8.8786
9.4503
****
K-VALUES
ACETONE
ETHYLACE
0.10131
0.27966
0.13037
0.34597
0.11949
0 . 32393
0.11940
0.30816
0.69016
0.43986
0.45362
0.70990
0 . 48959
0.75621
0.91483
0.61634
3.5608
3.4128
3.5819
3.3304
****
STAGE
1
2
26
27
28
29
30
31
39
40
STAGE
1
2
26
27
28
29
30
31
39
40
HOAC
0.44530E-01
0.58798E-01
0.47178E-01
0.37673E-01
0.67316E-01
0 . 69685E-01
0.74779E-01
0.92914E-01
0.52384
0.58572
****
****
STAGE
1
2
26
27
28
29
30
31
39
40
HYDROGEN
O.OOOOE+OO
O.OOOOE+OO
O.OOOOE+OO
O.OOOOE+OO
O.OOOOE+OO
O.OOOOE+OO
O.OOOOE+OO
O.OOOOE+OO
O.OOOOE+OO
O.OOOOE+OO
CO2
O.OOOOE+OO
O.OOOOE+OO
O.OOOOE+OO
O.OOOOE+OO
O.OOOOE+OO
O.OOOOE+OO
O.OOOOE+OO
O.OOOOE+OO
O.OOOOE+OO
O.OOOOE+OO
K-VALUES
ETHYLENE
17.882
17.938
16.632
16.817
43.809
44.232
46.127
52 . 220
125.32
124.38
ETHANOL
0.46843E-01
0.69784E-01
0.63209E-01
0.55222E-01
0.15559
0.16247
0.18023
0.24711
2.7029
2 . 8806
WATER
0.43467
0.79610
0.59628
0.36236
0.20548
0.21186
0.22286
0 . 26297
1.1181
1.2614
****
RATES OF GENERATION
LBMOL/HR
METHANE
ETHYLENE
O.OOOOE+OO
O.OOOOE+OO
O.OOOOE+OO
O.OOOOE+OO
O.OOOOE+OO
O.OOOOE+OO
O.OOOOE+OO O.OOOOE+OO
O.OOOOE+OO
O.OOOOE+OO
O.OOOOE+OO
O.OOOOE+OO
O.OOOOE+OO
O.OOOOE+OO
O.OOOOE+OO
O.OOOOE+OO
O.OOOOE+OO
O.OOOOE+OO
O.OOOOE+OO
O.OOOOE+OO
217
ETHANE
35.748
35.235
35.432
37.982
64.511
64.872
66.072
69 . 886
114.89
109.94
****
ETHANE
O.OOOOE+OO
O.OOOOE+OO
O.OOOOE+OO
O.OOOOE+OO
O.OOOOE+OO
O.OOOOE+OO
O.OOOOE+OO
O.OOOOE+OO
O.OOOOE+OO
O.OOOOE+OO
ACETALD
O. OOOOE+OO
O.OOOOE+OO
O.OOOOE+OO
O.OOOOE+OO
O.OOOOE+OO
O.OOOOE+OO
O.OOOOE+OO
O.OOOOE+OO
O.OOOOE+OO
O.OOOOE+OO
VESSELS
UNIT: DC-SOO
STAGE
1
2
26
27
28
29
30
31
39
40
(CONTINUED)
****
ACETONE
O.OOOOE+OO
O.OOOOE+OO
O.OOOOE+OO
O.OOOOE+OO
O.OOOOE+OO
O.OOOOE+OO
O.OOOOE+OO
O.OOOOE+OO
O.OOOOE+OO
O.OOOOE+OO
RATES OF GENERATION
****
LBMOL/HR
WATER
ETHYLACE
ETHANOL
O.OOOOE+OO
O.OOOOE+OO
O.OOOOE+OO
O.OOOOE+OO
O.OOOOE+OO
O.OOOOE+OO
O.OOOOE+OO
O.OOOOE+OO
15.22
O.OOOOE+OO
****
STAGE
HYDROGEN
0 . 30758E-12
0.22568E-13
0.69433E-13
0.21317E-12
0.67528E-13
0.24011E-18
0 . 86348E-24
0.32445E-29
0.51948E-31
0.50172E-31
26
27
28
29
30
31
39
40
STAGE
1
2
26
27
28
29
30
31
39
40
ACETALD
0.99535
0.99662
0.96903
0.88366
0.33132
0 . 32739
0.30904
0.25755
0.41191E-03
0.10388E-03
26
27
28
29
30
31
39
40
STAGE
1
2
26
O.OOOOE+OO
O.OOOOE+OO
O.OOOOE+OO
O.OOOOE+OO
O.OOOOE+OO
O.OOOOE+OO
O.OOOOE+OO
O.OOOOE+OO
15.22
O.OOOOE+OO
MASS-X-PROFILE
METHANE
C02
0.53381E-03
0.34602E-04
0.57761E-04
0.87298E-04
0.48904E-04
0.11816E-05
0.27975E-07
0.62671E-09
0.66734E-24
O.10953E-29
0.23105E-03
0.18607E-04
0.16440E-04
0.15475E-04
0 . 82905E-05
0.14829E-06
0.25528E-08
0.39450E-10
0.43736E-27
0.39928E-30
MASS-X-PROFILE
****
ACETONE
ETHYLACE
0.29596E-10
0.81465E-10
o .48521E-02
0 . 1l098E-01
0.11179E-01
0.12674E-01
0.17604E-01
0.30166E - 01
0.24362E-01
0.12619E-Ol
****
STAGE
O.OOOOE+OO
O.OOOOE+OO
O.OOOOE+OO
O.OOOOE+OO
O.OOOOE+OO
O.OOOOE+OO
O.OOOOE+OO
O.OOOOE+OO
-15.22
O.OOOOE+OO
0.38561E-21
0.46958E-20
0.24605E-02
0.14525E-01
0.22955E-01
0.24062E-01
0.28863E-01
0.45315E-01
0.82155E-01
0.44569E-01
MASS-X-PROFILE
HOAC
O.OOOOE+OO
O.OOOOE+OO
O.OOOOE+OO
O.OOOOE+OO
O.OOOOE+OO
O.OOOOE+OO
O.OOOOE+OO
O.OOOOE+OO
-15.22
O.OOOOE+OO
****
ETHYLENE
0.77963E-03
0 . 91878E-04
0.71827E-04
0.72823E-04
0.30787E-04
0.20092E-05
0.12557E-06
0.69719E-08
0.65917E-20
0.69821E-30
ETHANE
0.46158E-03
o .43139E-04
0.35873E-04
0.34298E-04
0.22268E-04
0.99090E-06
0.43241E-07
0.17944E-08
0 . 15876E-20
0.74839E-30
****
ETHANOL
0.10509E-29
0.10507E-29
0.11150E-03
0.14232E-02
0.63589E-02
0.64105E-02
0.66670E-02
0.76486E-02
0.29994E-02
0.17775E-02
WATER
0 . 26434E-02
0 . 31960E-02
0.20876E-01
0.42605E-Ol
0 . 14804
0.14878
0.15214
0.16129
0.24504
0.21762
****
HOAC
0.23457E-20
0.15444E-21
0.24845E-02
0 . 46483E-01
0.48003
0.48068
0.48569
0.49803
0.64503
0.72331
HYDROGEN
0.14074E-04
0.89365E-06
0.92398E-06
MASS-Y-PROFILE
****
C02
METHANE
0.74569E-01
0.16632E-01
0.52346E-02
0.12724E-02
0.50524E-02
O.11579E-02
218
****
ETHYLENE
0 . 14531E-01
0.16528E-02
0.11870E-02
ETHANE
0.17199E-01
0.15243E-02
0.12630E-02
VESSELS
UNIT: DC-SO~ (CONTINUED)
27
0.93878E-06
28
O.52804E-07
29
0.18698E-12
30
0.66398E-18
31
0.24027E-23
39
0.43340E-2S
40
0.56299E-25
STAGE
1
2
26
27
28
29
30
31
39
40
ACETALD
0.87586
0.98776
0.97699
0.96912
0.91205
0.91723
0.90514
0 . 85974
0.36913E-02
0.10934E-02
0.51417E-02
0.55658E-02
o .13541E-03
0.32675E-05
0 . 77844E-07
0.24668E-21
0.50694E-27
0.12057E - 02
0.12975E-02
0.85246E-04
0.55560E-05
0.34942E-06
0.83377E-18
0.96721E-28
MASS-Y-PROFILE
****
ACETONE
ETHYLACE
0.86274E-11
0.40719E-22
0 . 28265E-10
0.61395E-21
0.15617E-02
0.29212E-03
0.33670E-02
0.17074E-02
0.74217E-02
0 . 97133E-02
0.86304E-02
0.10470E-01
0.12771E-01
o .13557E-01
0 . 26491E-01
0.26815E-01
0 . 87556E-01
0.28300
0.50341E-01
0.16531
0.12826E-02
0.13819E-02
0.61658E-04
0.27402E-05
0 . 12032E-06
0.18409E-18
0.91632E-28
****
ETHANOL
0.51310E-31
0.73532E-31
0.70029E-05
0.77376E-04
0.95176E-03
0.99913E-03
0.11529E-02
0 . 18152E-02
0 . 81828E-02
0.57026E-02
MASS-Y-PROFILE
****
STAGE
1
2
26
27
28
29
30
31
39
40
0.11761E-02
0.12669E-02
0.22956E-04
0.41007E-06
0.71035E-08
0.22727E-24
0.23109E-27
WATER
0.11977E-02
0.25516E-02
0.12368E-01
0.15199E-01
0.29264E-01
0.30236E-01
0.32522E-01
0.40712E-01
0.27653
0.30572
****
HOAC
0.10888E-21
0.91069E-23
0.11646E-03
0 . 17241E-02
0.31086E-01
0.32131E-01
0.34843E-01
0.44425E-01
0.34104
0.47184
UNIT: DC-SID
BLOCK:
COND
MODEL: RADFRAC
- UP
STAGE
3
- OFFGAS
STAGE
1
HACPROD2 STAGE
3
NRTL-RK
PROPERTY OPTION SET:
HC-1
HENRY-COMPS ID:
INLETS
OUTLETS
***
RENON (NRTL)
TOTAL BALANCE
MOLE (LBMOL/HR)
MASS (LB/HR
)
ENTHALPY (BTU/HR
68.6041
2885.40
-0.505817E+07
REDLICH-KWONG
***
OUT
RELATIVE DIFF.
68.6041
2885.40
-0.567106E+07
O.OOOOOOE+OO
-0.126240E-12
0 . 108073
**********************
****
INPUT DATA
****
**********************
INPUT PARAMETERS
****
NUMBER OF STAGES
ALGORITHM OPTION
ABSORBER OPTION
INITIALIZATION OPTION
****
3
STANDARD
NO
STANDARD
219
VESSELS
UNIT: DC-510 (CONTINUED)
HYDRAULIC PARAMETER CALCULATIONS
INSIDE LOOP CONVERGENCE METHOD
DESIGN SPECIFICATION METHOD
MAXIMUM NO. OF OUTSIDE LOOP ITERATIONS
MAXIMUM NO. OF INSIDE LOOP ITERATIONS
MAXIMUM NUMBER OF FLASH ITERATIONS
FLASH TOLERANCE
OUTSIDE LOOP CONVERGENCE TOLERANCE
COL-SPECS
****
****
****
1.00000
12.5112
0.0
LBMOL/HR
BTU/ HR
****
STAGE
P-SPEC
NO
BROYDEN
NESTED
25
10
50
0.00010000
0.00010000
28.0000
PRES, PSI
*******************
RESULTS
****
****
*******************
***
***
OUTLET STREAMS
- - - - - - - - - -
OFFGAS
COMPONENT:
HYDROGEN
CO2
METHANE
ETHYLENE
ETHANE
ACETALD
ACETONE
WATER
***
1.0000
.99396
.98875
.95529
.97804
.28451E-01
.56151E-03
.54628E-04
HACPROD2
.15998E-07
.60437E-02
.11253E-01
.44715E-01
.21961E-01
.97155
.99944
.99995
***
F
F
LBMOL/HR
LBMOL/HR
LBMOL/HR
LBMOL/HR
BTU/HR
BTU/HR
DEW POINT
BUBBLE POINT
COMPONENT MASS BALANCE
ENERGY BALANCE
****
0.44646E-04
0.17678E-03
0.10043E-05
0.15624E - 04
220
10.0089
98.2806
47.3888
56.0929
12.5112
68.6010
3.78770
-612,887.
0.0
STAGE=
STAGE=
STAGE=
STAGE=
1
1
2 COMP=HYDROGEN
1
VESSELS
UNIT: DC-SI0 (CONTINUED)
PROFILES
****
****
**NOTE** REPORTED VALUES FOR STAGE LIQUID AND VAPOR RATES ARE THE FLOWS
FROM THE STAGE EXCLUDING ANY SIDE PRODUCT.
FOR THE FIRST STAGE,
THE REPORTED VAPOR FLOW IS THE VAPOR DISTILLATE FLOW.
FOR THE
LAST STAGE, THE REPORTED LIQUID FLOW IS THE LIQUID BOTTOMS FLOW.
STAGE TEMPERATURE
F
1
2
3
STAGE
1
2
3
10.009
94.612
98.281
28.000
30.000
30.100
FLOW RATE
LBMOL/HR
VAPOR
LIQUID
47.39
12.51
56.09
59.90
68.60
56.09
-84621.
-82008.
-82057.
LIQUID
-85381.
-74548.
-73689.
FEED RATE
LBMOL/HR
VAPOR
HEAT DUTY
BTU/HR
-.61289+06
PRODUCT RATE
LBMOL/HR
LIQUID
VAPOR
12.5112
MIXED
68.6041
****
STAGE
1
2
3
ENTHALPY
BTU/LBMOL
LIQUID
VAPOR
PRESSURE
PSI
56.0929
****
LIQUID
FEED RATE
LB / HR
VAPOR
PRODUCT RATE
LB/HR
LIQUID
VAPOR
421.8406
MIXED
2885 . 3956
MOLE-X-PROFILE
CO2
METHANE
0.17955E-01
0.37418E-02
0.73964E-03
0.72101E-03
0.52675E-03
0.60013E-03
****
2463.5549
****
STAGE
1
2
3
HYDROGEN
0.20020E-09
0.63351E-11
0.57453E-11
ETHYLENE
0.98833E-02
0.17242E-02
0.11914E-02
STAGE
1
2
3
ACETALD
0.96188
0.99434
0.99362
STAGE
1
2
3
HYDROGEN
0.16102E-02
0.33631E-03
0.29366E-03
STAGE
1
2
3
ACETALD
0.13045
0.78822
0.83678
MOLE-Y-PROFILE
****
****
ACETONE
WATER
0.19236E-13
0.83755E-06
0.65762E-12
0.52993E-03
0.21072E-11
0.13349E-02
STAGE
1
2
3
HYDROGEN
0.80441E+07
0.53090E+08
0.51113E+08
K-VALUES
****
CO2
METHANE
21.631
63.211
128.89
72.593
135.62
72 . 826
ETHANE
0.58676E-02
0.84723E-03
0.64615E-03
MOLE-X-PROFILE
****
****
ACETONE
WATER
0.82616E-12
0.66962E-03
0.25729E-11
0 . 16325E-02
0.76367E-11
0.34196E-02
MOLE-Y-PROFILE
****
CO2
METHANE
0.38840
0.23641
0.95329E-01
0.52338E-01
0.71440E-01
0.43704E-01
221
****
ETHYLENE
0 . 11412
0.31654E-01
0.22222E-01
ETHANE
0.12901
0.31589E-01
0.24222E-01
****
ETHYLENE
11.550
18.360
18 . 652
ETHANE
21.995
37 . 286
37.487
VESSELS
UNIT: DC-SI0
(CONTINUED)
K-VALUES
****
ACETONE
WATER
0.23279E-01
0.12491E-02
0.25559
0 . 32458
0.27593
0.39036
****
STAGE
1
2
3
ACETALD
0.13562
0.79271
0.84216
STAGE
1
2
3
HYDROGEN
0.92372E-11
0.29057E-12
0 . 26371E-12
STAGE
1
2
3
ACETALD
0.96988
0.99665
0.99665
STAGE
1
2
3
HYDROGEN
0.96269E-04
0.16295E-04
0.14066E-04
STAGE
1
2
3
ACETALD
0.17044
0.83457
0.87593
MASS-X-PROFILE
****
CO2
METHANE
0.18086E-01
o .13740E-02
0.74063E-03
0.26318E-03
0.52784E-03
0.21921E-03
****
ETHYLENE
0 . 63462E-02
O . 1l005E- 02
0.76102E-03
ETHANE
0.40384E-02
0.57964E-03
0.44239E-03
MASS-X-PROFILE
****
ACETONE
WATER
0.10983E-ll
0.27611E-03
0.34001E-11
0.66915E-03
0.10099E-10
0 . 14027E-02
****
MASS-Y-PROFILE
CO2
METHANE
0.50697
0.11248
0.10083
0.20180E-01
0.74708E-01
0 . 16660E-01
****
****
ETHYLENE
O. 11506
0.2l343E-01
0.22830E-01
0.17307E-01
O. l4 813E- 01
MASS-Y-PROFILE
****
ACETONE
WATER
0.33136E-l3
0.44751E-06
0.91798E-12
0.22945E-03
0.29081E-ll
0.57144E-03
****
HCURVE 1
DUTY
CONSTANT
NRTL-RK
HC-1
DUTY
PRES
TEMP
BTU!HR
PSI
RENON
(NRTL)
! REDLICH-KWONG
VFRAC
!============!============!============!============!
28.0000
94 . 0763
1.0000
0.0
28 . 0000
90.8666
DEW>1.0000
- 2480.7655
89.5678
28.0000
0.9189
-5.5717+04
28.0000
87.9270
0.8345
- 1.1143+05
28.0000
85.9013
0 . 7510
-1.6715+05
!------------+------------+--- - --------+ - -----------!
-2 . 2287+05
28.0000
83.3465
0.6687
28.0000
80.0428
0.5879
-2.7859+05
28.0000
75.6490
0.5095
-3.3430+05
28.0000
-3 . 9002+05
69.6249
0.4346
28.0000
61.1175
-4.4574+05
0.3649
!-------- -- --+------------+---- - -------+------------!
28.0000
48 . 8093
-5.0145+05
0.3025
28.0000 !
32.1052 !
0.2517 !
! -5.5717+05 !
28.0000 !
! -6 . 1289+05 !
10.0064 !
0.2088 !
222
ETHANE
o . 9494 9E - 01
VESSELS
ITEM: DC-610
BLOCK : ACOHDIST MODEL: RADFRAC
INLETS
- ACOHFEED
ETACREC2
- DIST
OUTLETS
ACOHREC
PROPERTY OPTION SET:
HENRY-COMPS ID:
STAGE 10
STAGE
2
STAGE
1
STAGE 18
NRTL-RK
HC-1
RENON (NRTL)
/ REDLICH-KWONG
***
TOTAL BALANCE
MOLE (LBMOL / HR)
MASS (LB/HR
)
ENTHALPY (BTU/HR
1093.21
52187.9
-0.176431E+09
***
OUT
RELATIVE DIFF.
1093.21
52187.9
-0.173480E+09
0.207987E-15
o .139418E-15
-0.167214E-01
**********************
INPUT DATA
****
****
**********************
****
INPUT PARAMETERS
****
NUMBER OF STAGES
ALGORITHM OPTION
ABSORBER OPTION
INITIALIZATION OPTION
HYDRAULIC PARAMETER CALCULATIONS
INSIDE LOOP CONVERGENCE METHOD
DESIGN SPECIFICATION METHOD
MAXIMUM NO. OF OUTSIDE LOOP ITERATIONS
MAXIMUM NO. OF INSIDE LOOP ITERATIONS
MAXIMUM NUMBER OF FLASH ITERATIONS
FLASH TOLERANCE
OUTSIDE LOOP CONVERGENCE TOLERANCE
****
COL-SPECS
18
3-PHASE
NO
STANDARD
NO
BROYDEN
NESTED
25
10
50
0.00010000
0.00010000
****
LBMOL / HR
0.0
2.50000
359.653
PROFILES
****
****
P-SPEC
STAGE
PRES,
PSI
RESULTS
****
*******************
223
TO
STAGE
17
COMPONENT
ETHYLACE
WATER
95.0000
*******************
****
STAGE
1
VESSELS
ITEM: DC-610 (CONTINUED)
***
COMPONENT SPLIT FRACTIONS
***
OUTLET STREAMS
--------------
COMPONENT:
HYDROGEN
CO2
ACETALD
ACETONE
ETHYLACE
ETHANOL
WATER
HOAC
***
DIST
ACOHREC
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
.95559
. 12359
.32415E-99
.61792E-46
.21697E-08
.27937E-05
.83950E-06
.23878E-05
.44408E-Ol
. 87641
***
LBMOL/HR
LBMOL/HR
LBMOL/HR
LBMOL/HR
BTU/HR
BTU/HR
****
DEW POINT
BUBBLE POINT
COMPONENT MASS BALANCE
ENERGY BALANCE
PROFILES
****
275.183
369.912
2,567.45
359.653
0.0
3,530.02
2.50000
9.81508
-0.365866+08
0.395348+08
F
F
****
0.23796E-06
0 . 38326E-05
0.21642E - 05
0.20501E-03
STAGE= 1 PHASE=L2
STAGE= 2 PHASE=L2
STAGE= 10 COMP=ACETALD
STAGE= 1
****
**NOTE** REPORTED VALUES FOR STAGE LIQUID AND VAPOR RATES ARE THE FLOWS
FROM THE STAGE INCLUDING ANY SIDE PRODUCT .
STAGE TEMPERATURE
2
3
9
10
11
16
17
18
STAGE
1
2
PRESSURE
PSI
275 . 18
297.32
321.48
326.04
327.18
327.86
344 . 44
358.24
369.91
95.000
97.000
97.100
97.700
97.800
97.900
98.400
98.500
98.600
FLOW RATE
LBMOL/HR
LIQUID
VAPOR
2567.
O.OOOOE+OO
2119.
2567.
ENTHALPY
BTU/LBMOL
LIQUID
VAPOR
-0.14477E+06
-0.13170E+06
-0.12969E+06
-0.13673E+06
-0.14121E+06
-0.14159E+06
-0.17006E+06
-0.18094E+06
-0.18708E+06
LIQUID
-0.13766E+06
-0.13052E+06
-0.11528E+06
-0.11789E+06
-0.12041E+06
-0 . 12049E+06
-0.14102E+06
-0.15601E+06
-0.16911E+06
FEED RATE
LBMOL/HR
VAPOR
350.0000
224
MIXED
HEAT DUTY
BTU/HR
-.36587+08
.39535+08
PRODUCT RATE
LBMOL/HR
VAPOR
LIQUID
733.5560
VESSELS
ITEM:
3
9
10
11
16
17
18
DC-610
2154.
2252.
3063.
3070 .
3609.
3890.
359.7
(CONTINUED)
2502.
2601.
2635.
2703.
2998.
3250.
3530.
743.2091
359.6530
FLOW RATE
LBMOL/HR
LIQUIDI
LIQUID2
725.6
1842.
O. OOOOE+OO
2119.
2154.
O.OOOOE+OO
O.OOOOE+OO
2252.
3063.
O.OOOOE+OO
3070.
O.OOOOE+OO
O.OOOOE+OO
3609.
O.OOOOE+OO
3890.
STAGE
1
2
3
9
10
11
16
17
****
ENTHALPY
BTU/LBMO
LIQUIDI
LIQUID2
-0.15347E+06 -0.12268E+06
-0.13170E+06 -0.13170E+06
-0.12969E+06 -0.12969E+06
-0.13673E+06 -0.13673E+06
-0.14121E+06 -0.14121E+06
-0.14159E+06 -0.14159E+06
-0.17006E+06 -0.17006E+06
-0.18094E+06 -0.18094E+06
****
FLOW RATE
FEED RATE
LB/HR
LB/HR
VAPOR
LIQUID
VAPOR
LIQUID
0.110IE+06 O.OOOOE+OO
0.5738E+05 0.110IE+06
.22326+05
0.5333E+05 0.6650E+05
0.6469E+05 0.6937E+05
0.9590E+05 0.7381E+05
.29862+05
0.9662E+05 0 .7 516E+05
0.1724E+06 0.1158E+06
0.2103E+06 0.1516E+06
0.2074E+05 0.1896E+06
STAGE
1
2
3
9
10
11
16
17
18
MIXED
PRODUCT RATE
LB/HR
LIQUID
VAPOR
.31444+05
.20744+05
FLOW RATE
LB/HR
LIQUIDI
LIQUID2
0.9481E+05 0.1524E+05
O.OOOOE+OO 0.5738E+05
O.OOOOE+OO 0.5333E+05
O.OOOOE+OO 0.6469E+05
O.OOOOE+OO 0.9590E+05
O.OOOOE+OO 0.9662E+05
0.1724E+06 O. OOOOE+OO
0.2103E+06 O.OOOOE+OO
0.2074E+05 O.OOOOE+OO
STAGE
1
2
3
9
10
11
16
17
18
MOLE-X-PROFILE
ACETALD
CO2
0.64777E-03
0.65881E-13
O.OOOOOE+OO
0.12314E-03
O.OOOOOE+OO
0.16039E-04
0.39833E-05
O.OOOOOE+OO
O.OOOOOE+OO
0.41966E-05
O.OOOOOE+OO
0.66024E-06
O.OOOOOE+OO
0.94462E-I0
O.OOOOOE+OO
0.16870E-I0
0.28667E-ll
O.OOOOOE+OO
****
STAGE
1
2
3
9
10
11
16
17
18
HYDROGEN
0.52175E-07
0.15629E-12
O.OOOOOE+OO
O.OOOOOE+OO
O.OOOOOE+OO
O.OOOOOE+OO
O.OOOOOE+OO
O.OOOOOE+OO
O . OOOOOE+OO
225
****
ACETONE
0.46370E-Ol
0.99465E-02
0.15170E-02
0.62289E-03
0.77624E-03
0.23011E-03
0.16689E-05
0.70158E-06
0.26423E-06
ETHYLACE
0.28673
0.38722E-Ol
0.30194E-02
0.10106E-02
o .14212E-02
0.35273E-03
0.22613E-05
0.11131E-05
0.49096E-06
VESSELS
ITEM: DC-610
(CONTINUED)
MOLE-X-PROFILE
****
WATER
HOAC
0.59617
0.65230E-Ol
0.80923
0.14055
0.84135
0.15381
0.74579
0.25246
0.68461
0.31306
0.68012
0.31926
0.29245
0.70755
0.14236
0.85764
0.56508E-Ol
0.94349
MOLE-XI-PROFILE
****
****
CO2
ACETALD
ACETONE
0.90669E-13
O.82120E-03
0.60785E-Ol
O.OOOOOE+OO
0.12314E-03
0.99465E-02
O.OOOOOE+OO
0.16039E-04
0.15170E-02
0.39833E-05
0.62289E-03
O.OOOOOE+OO
O.OOOOOE+OO
0.41966E-05
0.77624E-03
O.OOOOOE+OO
0.66024E-06
0.23011E-03
O.OOOOOE+OO
0.94462E-I0
0.16689E-05
O.OOOOOE+OO
0.16870E-I0
0.70158E-06
O.OOOOOE+OO
0.28667E-ll
0.26423E-06
****
STAGE
1
2
3
9
10
11
16
17
18
STAGE
1
2
3
9
10
11
16
17
18
ETHANOL
O.48428E-02
O.14249E-02
O.28506E-03
O.11385E-03
o .13193E-03
0.36939E-04
0.16533E-06
0.65214E-07
0.23586E-07
HYDROGEN
O.72522E-07
0 . 15629E-12
O.OOOOOE+OO
O.OOOOOE+OO
O.OOOOOE+OO
O.OOOOOE+OO
O.OOOOOE+OO
O.OOOOOE+OO
O.OOOOOE+OO
ETHYLACE
0.39323
0.38722E-Ol
0.30194E-02
0.10106E-02
0.14212E-02
0 . 352 7 3E-03
0.22613E-05
0.11131E-05
0.49096E-06
MOLE-XI-PROFILE
****
WATER
HOAC
0.46130
0.77837E-Ol
0.80923
0.14055
0.84135
0.15381
0.74579
0.25246
0.68461
0.31306
0.68012
0.31926
0.29245
0.70755
0.14236
0.85764
0.56508E-Ol
0 . 94349
****
STAGE
1
2
3
9
10
11
16
17
18
ETHANOL
0.60270E-02
0.14249E-02
0.28506E-03
o .11385E-03
0.13193E-03
0.36939E-04
0.16533E-06
0.65214E-07
0.23586E-07
MOLE-X2-PROFILE
CO2
ACETALD
0.29593E-14
0.20754E-03
O.OOOOOE+OO
0.12314E-03
O.OOOOOE+OO
0.16039E-04
O.OOOOOE+OO
0.39833E-05
O.OOOOOE+OO
0.41966E-05
O.OOOOOE+OO
0.66024E-06
O.OOOOOE+OO
0.94462E-I0
O.OOOOOE+OO
0.16870E-I0
O.OOOOOE+OO
0.28667E-ll
****
STAGE
1
2
3
9
10
11
16
17
18
HYDROGEN
0.52511E-09
0 . 15629E - 12
O. OOOOOE+OO
O. OOOOOE+OO
O.OOOOOE+OO
O.OOOOOE+OO
O.OOOOOE+OO
O.OOOOOE+OO
O. OOOOOE+OO
ETHANOL
0.18369E-02
o .14249E-02
0.28506E-03
0.11385E-03
o .13193E-03
0.36939E-04
0.16533E-06
O. 65214E- 07
0.23586E-07
ACETONE
0.97805E-02
0.99465E-02
0.15170E-02
0.62289E-03
0.77624E-03
0.23011E-03
0.16689E-05
0.70158E-06
0.26423E-06
MOLE-X2-PROFILE
****
WATER
HOAC
0.93855
0.33228E-Ol
0.80923
0.14055
0.84135
0.15381
0.74579
0.25246
0.68461
0.31306
0.68012
0.31926
0.29245
0.70755
0.14236
0.85764
0.56508E-Ol
0.94349
****
STAGE
1
2
3
9
10
11
16
17
18
****
226
ETHYLACE
0.16400E-Ol
0 . 38722E-Ol
0.30194E-02
0 . 10106E-02
o .1421 2 E-02
0 . 35273E-03
0.22613E-05
O. 11131E- 05
0.49096E-06
VESSELS
ITEM: DC-610
STAGE
1
2
3
9
10
11
16
17
18
STAGE
1
2
3
9
10
11
16
17
18
STAGE
1
2
3
9
10
11
16
17
18
STAGE
1
2
3
9
10
11
16
17
18
STAGE
1
2
3
9
10
11
16
17
18
(CONTINUED)
HYDROGEN
0.51337E-03
0.52175E-07
o .13233E-12
O.OOOOOE+OO
O.OOOOOE+OO
O.OOOOOE+OO
O.OOOOOE+OO
O.OOOOOE+OO
O.OOOOOE+OO
ETHANOL
0.74092E-02
0.48428E-02
0 . 16669E-02
0.53067E-03
0.53447E-03
0.14948E-03
0.44808E-06
0.18102E-06
0.69455E-07
HYDROGEN
7078.8530
MISSING
MISSING
MISSING
MISSING
MISSING
6.0067+05
1.2353+06
2.4399+06
WATER
1.0064
MISSING
MISSING
MISSING
MISSING
MISSING
1.7421
2 . 2376
2.6740
HYDROGEN
9.7764+05
3.3384+05
8.3176+05
6.0099+05
5.0771+05
5.1002+05
MISSING
MISSING
MISSING
MOLE-Y-PROFILE
****
CO2
ACETALD
0.14465E-ll
0.12867E-02
0.65881E-13
0.64777E-03
O. OOOOOE+OO
0.13240E-03
0.30349E-04
O.OOOOOE+OO
O.OOOOOE+OO
0.30124E-04
0.47550E-05
O.OOOOOE+OO
O.OOOOOE+OO
0.57477E-09
0.10460E-09
O.OOOOOE+OO
0.18296E-I0
O.OOOOOE+OO
****
ACETONE
0 . 87261E-Ol
0.46370E-Ol
0.11015E-Ol
0.29458E-02
0.29941E-02
0.87948E-03
0.40904E-05
0 . 18243E-05
0.74614E-06
ETHYLACE
0.42390
0.28673
0.38824E-Ol
0 . 64778E-02
0.65953E-02
0.16102E-02
0.48266E-05
0.24572E-05
0.11765E-05
MOLE-Y-PROFILE
****
****
WATER
HOAC
0.46427
0.15357E-Ol
0.59617
0.65230E-Ol
0.82122
0.12714
0.79810
0.19192
0.76641
0 . 22343
0.76817
0 . 22918
0.50947
0.49052
0.31856
0.68144
0.15111
0.84889
K-VALUES: V-Ll
****
ACETALD
ACETONE
1.5668
1.4355
MISSING
MISSING
MISSING
MISSING
MISSING
MISSING
MISSING
MISSING
MISSING
MISSING
6.0847
2.4510
6.2005
2.6003
6.3824
2.8238
ETHYLACE
1.0780
MISSING
MISSING
MISSING
MISSING
MISSING
2.1344
2.2076
2.3962
ETHANOL
1.2293
MISSING
MISSING
MISSING
MISSING
MISSING
2.7102
2.7757
2.9447
K-VALUES: V-Ll
****
****
HOAC
0.1972
MISSING
MISSING
MISSING
MISSING
MISSING
0.6932
o .7945
0.8997
K-VALUES: V-L2
****
****
ACETALD
CO2
ACETONE
6 . 1996
488.8010
8.9219
5.2605
296.3349
4.6619
719 . 4065
8.2549
7.2608
581.2255
7.6189
4.7292
500.1802
7.1780
3.8572
503.6339
7.2019
3.8220
MISSING
MISSING
MISSING
MISSING
MISSING
MISSING
MISSING
MISSING
MISSING
ETHYLACE
25.8475
7.4047
12.8576
6.4100
4.6406
4.5652
MISSING
MISSING
MISSING
ETHANOL
4.0335
3.3987
5.8474
4.6610
4.0511
4.0468
MISSING
MISSING
MISSING
****
CO2
15.9536
MISSING
MISSING
MISSING
MISSING
MISSING
305.8569
299.8558
312.8603
227
VESSELS
ITEM: DC-610
STAGE
1
2
3
9
10
11
16
17
18
STAGE
1
2
3
9
10
11
16
17
18
STAGE
1
2
3
9
10
11
16
17
18
STAGE
1
2
3
9
10
11
16
17
18
STAGE
1
2
3
9
10
11
16
17
18
(CONTINUED)
K-VALUES: V-L2
****
HOAC
0.4621
0.4641
0.8265
0.7602
0.7137
0 . 7178
MISSING
MISSING
MISSING
WATER
0.4946
0.7367
0.9760
1.0701
1.1194
1.1294
MISSING
MISSING
MISSING
HYDROGEN
7.2408-03
MISSING
MISSING
MISSING
MISSING
MISSING
MISSING
MISSING
MISSING
****
CO2
3.2638-02
MISSING
MISSING
MISSING
MISSING
MISSING
MISSING
MISSING
MISSING
WATER
2.0345
rUSSING
MISSING
MISSING
MISSING
MISSING
MISSING
MISSING
MISSING
HYDROGEN
0.24537E-08
o .11635E-13
O.OOOOOE+OO
O.OOOOOE+OO
O.OOOOOE+OO
O.OOOOOE+OO
O.OOOOOE+OO
O.OOOOOE+OO
O.OOOOOE+OO
ETHANOL
0.52048E-02
0.24241E-02
0.53036E-03
0.18259E-03
o .19413E-03
0.54073E-04
0.15948E-06
0.55565E-07
0.18839E-07
****
K-VALUES: L2-Ll
****
ACETALD
ACETONE
ETHYLACE
0.2527
0 . 1609
4.1706-02
MISSING
MISSING
MISSING
MISSING
MISSING
MISSING
MISSING
MISSING
MISSING
MISSING
MISSING
MISSING
MISSING
MISSING
MISSING
MISSING
MISSING
MISSING
MISSING
MISSING
MISSING
MISSING
MISSING
MISSING
K-VALUES: L2-Ll
****
****
HOAC
0 . 4268
MISSING
MISSING
MISSING
MISSING
MISSING
MISSING
MISSING
MISSING
MASS-X-PROFILE
****
****
ACETALD
CO2
ACETONE
0.67640E-13
0.66572E-03
0.62829E-Ol
O.OOOOOE+OO
0.20032E-03
o .21333E-Ol
0.28535E-04
O.OOOOOE+OO
0.35581E-02
0.61084E-05
O.OOOOOE+OO
0.12594E-02
0.59047E-05
O.OOOOOE+OO
0.14399E-02
O.OOOOOE+OO
0.92421E-06
0.42468E-03
0.87132E-10
0.20295E-05
O.OOOOOE+OO
O. OOOOOE+OO
o .13745E-10
0.75364E-06
O.OOOOOE+OO
0.21895E-l1
0.26607E-06
MASS-X-PROFILE
****
****
WATER
HOAC
0.25056
0.91385E-01
0.31169
0.53836
0.61211
0.37303
0.46770
0.52775
0.39391
0.60045
0.38933
0.60921
0.11031
0.88968
0.47434E-01
0.95256
0 . 17650E-01
0.98235
228
ETHANOL
0.3047
MISSING
MISSING
MISSING
MISSING
MISSING
MISSING
MISSING
MISSING
ETHYLACE
0.58936
0.12599
0.10744E-Ol
0.30995E-02
0.39993E-02
0.98751E-03
0.41716E-05
0.18138E-05
0.74998E-06
VESSELS
ITEM: DC-6l0
STAGE
1
2
3
9
10
11
16
17
18
STAGE
1
2
3
9
10
11
16
17
18
STAGE
1
2
3
9
10
11
16
17
18
STAGE
1
2
3
9
10
11
16
17
18
STAGE
1
2
3
9
10
11
16
17
18
(CONTINUED)
HYDROGEN
O.28401E-08
o .11635E-13
O.OOOOOE+OO
O.OOOOOE+OO
O.OOOOOE+OO
O.OOOOOE+OO
O.OOOOOE+OO
O. OOOOOE+OO
O. OOOOOE+OO
ETHANOL
0 . 53940E-02
0.24241E - 02
0.53036E-03
0.18259E-03
0.19413E-03
0.54073E-04
0.15948E-06
0 . 55565E-07
0 . 18839E-07
HYDROGEN
0.50383E-10
0.11635E-13
O.OOOOOE+OO
O.OOOOOE+OO
O. OOOOOE+OO
O. OOOOOE+OO
O.OOOOOE+OO
O.OOOOOE+OO
O . OOOOOE+OO
ETHANOL
0.40277E-02
0.24241E-02
0.53036E-03
0.18259E-03
0 . 19413E-03
0.54073E-04
0 . 15948E-06
0.55565E-07
0.18839E-07
HYDROGEN
0 . 19863E-04
0.24537E-08
0.10039E-13
O.OOOOOE+OO
O.OOOOOE+OO
O.OOOOOE+OO
O.OOOOOE+OO
O.OOOOOE+OO
O.OOOOOE+OO
MASS-X1-PROFILE
****
CO2
ACETALD
0.77519E-13
O. 70280E-03
O.OOOOOE+OO
0.2003 2 E-03
O.OOOOOE+OO
0.28535E-04
0.61084E-05
O. OOOOOE+OO
O.OOOOOE+OO
0.59047E-05
O.OOOOOE+OO
0.92421E-06
0.8713 2 E-10
O. OOOOOE+OO
O.OOOOOE+OO
o .13745E-10
0.21895E-11
O.OOOOOE+OO
****
ACETONE
0.68584E-01
0.21333E-01
0.35581E-0 2
0 . 12594E-02
0.14399E-02
0.42468E-03
0.20295E-05
0.75364E-06
0.26607E-06
ETHYLACE
0.67307
0.1 2 599
0.10744E-01
0.30995E-02
0.39993E-02
0.98751E-03
0.41716E-05
o . 18138E-05
0.74998E-06
MASS-X1-PROFILE
****
****
WATER
HOAC
0.16145
0.90808E-01
0.31169
0.53836
0.61211
0.37303
0.46770
0.52775
0 . 60045
0.39391
0.38933
0 . 60921
0.11031
0.88968
0.47434E-01
0.95256
0.176 5 0E-01
0.98235
MASS-X2-PROFILE
****
CO 2
ACETALD
0. 6 1987E - 14
0.43515E-03
0.20032E - 03
O.OOOOOE+OO
O. OOOOOE+OO
0.28535E-04
O.OOOOOE+OO
0.61084E-05
O.OOOOOE+OO
0.59047E - 05
O.OOOOOE+OO
0.92421E-06
O.OOOOOE+OO
0.87132E-10
O.OOOOOE+OO
o .13745E-10
0.2189SE-11
O.OOOOOE+OO
****
ACETONE
0.27037E-01
0.21333E-01
0.35581E-02
0.12594E-02
0.14399E-02
0 . 42468E-03
0.20295E-05
0.75364E-06
0.26607E-06
ETHYLACE
0.68773E-01
0.12599
0.10744E-01
0.30995E-02
0.39993E-02
0.98751E-03
0 . 41716E-05
0.18138E-05
0.74998E-06
MASS-X2-PROFILE
****
****
WATER
HOAC
0.80475
0 . 94972E-01
0.53836
0.31169
0.61211
0.37303
0 . 46770
0.52775
0.39391
0.60045
0.38933
0.60921
0 . 11031
0.88968
0.47434E-01
0 . 95256
0.17650E-01
0.98235
MASS-Y-PROFILE
****
CO2
ACETALD
0.10879E - 02
0.12218E-11
0.67640E-13
0.66572E-03
O.OOOOOE+OO
0.21951E-03
O.OOOOOE+OO
0.50128E-04
O.OOOOOE+OO
0.47384E-04
O.OOOOOE+OO
0.75345E-05
O.OOOOOE+OO
0.65536E-09
0.98753E-10
O.OOOOOE+OO
O.OOOOOE+OO
0.15009E-10
229
****
ACETONE
0.97273E-01
0.62829E-01
0.24075E-01
0.64149E-02
0 . 62093E-02
0.18373E-02
0.61489E-05
0 .2 2707E-05
0 . 80699E-06
ETHYLACE
0.716 8 4
0 . 58936
0.12873
0.21399E-01
0.20749E-01
0 . 51030E-02
0.11007E-04
0.46397E-05
0.19302E-05
VESSELS
ITEM: DC-610
STAGE
1
2
3
9
10
11
16
17
18
(CONTINUED)
ETHANOL
0.65513E-02
0.52048E-02
0.28900E-02
0.91664E-03
0.87919E-03
0.24770E-03
0 . 53428E-06
0.17872E-06
0.59584E-07
MASS-Y-PROFILE
****
****
WATER
HOAC
0.16053
0.17700E-01
0.25056
0.91385E-Ol
0.55676
0.28733
0.53909
0.43213
0.49301
0.47911
0.49777
0.49504
0.23756
0.76242
0.12299
0.87700
0.50693E-Ol
0.94930
DUTY
CONSTANT
NRTL-RK
HC-l
DUTY
PRES
TEMP
BTU/HR
PSI
RENON (NRTL)
/ REDLICH-KWONG
VFRAC
!============!============!============!============!
98.6000
358.2887
0.0
98.6000
BUB>O.O
358.3239
98.6000
7.6185-02
359.8340
361 . 2752
0.1540
98.6000
98.6000
362.6270
0.2333
363.8777
1.4376+07
98.6000
0.3141
98.6000
o .3961
1.7970+07
365.0224
0.4793
2.1564+07
98.6000
366.0619
2.5159+07
98.6000
367.0011
0.5634
2.8753+07
98.6000
367.8472
0.6485
!------ -- ----+------------+------------+------------!
3.2347+07
98.6000
368.6087
0.7342
3.5941+07 !
98.6000 !
369.2942 !
0.8206 !
0.9075 !
3.9535+07 !
98.6000 !
369.9120 !
DUTY
CONSTANT
NRTL-RK
HC-l
DUTY
PRES
TEMP
BTU/HR
PSI
RENON (NRTL)
/ REDLICH-KWONG
VFRAC
I============!============!============!============!
230
VESSELS
0.0
95.0000
297.1862
1.0000
-5.7254+04
95.0000
295.9248
DEW>1.0000
95.0000
0.9187
-3.3261+06
293.4058
-6.6521+06
95.0000
290.4442
0.8364
-9.9782+06
95.0000
287 . 0608
0.7539
------------+------------+------------+-----------
95.0000
283.7629
-1.3304+07
0.6683
-1. 6630+07
95.0000
281.4700
0.5772
-1.9956+07
95.0000
279.7259
0.4837
-2.3282+07
95.0000
278.3978
0.3886
-2.6608+07
95.0000
277.3608
0.2923
------------+------------+------------+-----------
-2.9935+07
95.0000
276.5240
0.1953
-3.3261+07
95.0000
275.8255
9.7852-02
-3.6587+07
95 . 0000
275.1832
0.0
ITEM: DC-BIO
BLOCK:
ACETONE
MODEL: RADFRAC
- 45
STAGE
8
1
- WAS ACTON STAGE
RECY
STAGE 11
PROPERTY OPTION SET:
NRTL-RK
HC - l
HENRY-COMPS ID:
INLETS
OUTLETS
***
RENON
(NRTL)
/ REDLICH-KWONG
TOTAL BALANCE
MOLE (LBMOL/HR)
MASS (LB/HR
)
ENTHALPY (BTU/HR
20.1112
1194.31
-0.276805E+07
***
OUT
RELATIVE DIFF.
20.1112
1194.31
-0 . 294447E+07
-0.176654E-15
-0.886794E-12
0.599151E-Ol
**********************
****
INPUT DATA
****
**********************
****
INPUT PARAMETERS
****
NUMBER OF STAGES
ALGORITHM OPTION
ABSORBER OPTION
INITIALIZATION OPTION
HYDRAULIC PARAMETER CALCULATIONS
INSIDE LOOP CONVERGENCE METHOD
DESIGN SPECIFICATION METHOD
MAXIMUM NO. OF OUTSIDE LOOP ITERATIONS
MAXIMUM NO . OF INSIDE LOOP ITERATIONS
MAXIMUM NUMBER OF FLASH ITERATIONS
FLASH TOLERANCE
OUTSIDE LOOP CONVERGENCE TOLERANCE
****
COL-SPECS
11
STANDARD
NO
STANDARD
NO
BROYDEN
NESTED
25
10
50
0.00010000
0.00010000
****
LBMOL/HR
231
1.00000
4.00000
7.69389
VESSELS
PROFILES
****
****
STAGE
P-SPEC
PRES,
PSI
22.0000
*******************
****
RESULTS
****
*******************
***
WASACTON
COMPONENT:
HYDROGEN
ACETALD
ACETONE
ETHYLACE
ETHANOL
WATER
HOAC
***
1.0000
.95262
.78379
.22231
.46665
.27389
.10587E-05
RECY
.11031E-18
.47380E-01
.21621
.77769
.53335
.72611
1.0000
****
***
LBMOL/HR
LBMOL/HR
LBMOL/HR
LBMOL/HR
BTU/HR
BTU/HR
DEW POINT
BUBBLE POINT
COMPONENT MASS BALANCE
ENERGY BALANCE
167.616
184.338
30.7755
12.4173
7.69389
17.7904
4.00000
1.43271
-428,727.
252,312.
F
F
****
0.24085E-06
0.54550E-05
0.50564E-06
0.83810E-04
STAGE=
STAGE=
STAGE=
STAGE=
6
1
7 COMP=HOAC
1
PROFILES
****
****
**NOTE** REPORTED VALUES FOR STAGE LIQUID AND VAPOR RATES ARE THE FLOWS
FROM THE STAGE EXCLUDING ANY SIDE PRODUCT.
FOR THE FIRST STAGE,
THE REPORTED VAPOR FLOW IS THE VAPOR DISTILLATE FLOW.
FOR THE
LAST STAGE, THE REPORTED LIQUID FLOW IS THE LIQUID BOTTOMS FLOW.
STAGE TEMPERATURE
F
1
2
3
6
7
8
10
11
167.62
174.99
176.99
180.08
180.62
181.34
183.14
184.34
PRESSURE
PSI
22.000
24.000
24.100
24.400
24.500
24.600
24.800
24.900
ENTHALPY
BTU/LBMOL
LIQUID
VAPOR
-0.13985E+06
-0.14526E+06
-0.14909E+06
-0.15470E+06
-0.15639E+06
-0.15734E+06
-0.16028E+06
-0.16361E+06
232
-0.11865E+06
-0.12447E+06
-0.12879E+06
-0.13501E+06
-0.13611E+06
-0.13733E+06
-0.14088E+06
-0.14377E+06
HEAT DUTY
BTU/HR
-.42873+06
.25231+06
VESSELS
ITEM: DC-SIO
STAGE
1
2
3
6
7
8
10
11
****
STAGE
1
2
3
6
7
8
10
11
(CONTINUED)
FLOW RATE
LBMOL/HR
VAPOR
LIQUID
7.694
30.78
38.47
30.77
38.46
30.52
30.29
37.99
30.36
37.98
17.94
30.31
30.21
17.83
12.42
17.79
LIQUID
12.4173
****
FLOW RATE
LB/HR
VAPOR
LIQUID
439.3
1760.
2199.
1764.
2203.
1753.
2187.
1759.
1793.
2199.
1038.
1791.
1794.
1034.
1039.
755.0
HYDROGEN
0.15496E-l3
0.68273E-14
0.11526E-l3
0.22880E-13
0.24183E-13
O.OOOOOE+OO
O.OOOOOE+OO
O.OOOOOE+OO
LIQUID
FEED RATE
LB/HR
VAPOR
STAGE
1
2
3
6
7
8
10
11
WATER
0.26316
0.298l3
0.32256
0.34723
0.33671
0.34316
0.35671
0.34832
HYDROGEN
0.12454E-08
0.24908E-09
0.24914E-09
0.25224E-09
0.25227E-09
0.40923E-13
O.OOOOOE+OO
O.OOOOOE+OO
MIXED
PRODUCT RATE
LB/HR
LIQUID
VAPOR
439.2836
1194.3096
755.0260
****
MOLE-X-PROFILE
ACETALD
ACETONE
0.38569E-02
0.39977
0.21622E-02
0.31529
0.16098E-02
0.25623
0.13917E-02
0.17887
0.l3897E-02
0.17040
0.10060E-02
0.15567
0.47615E-03
0.11477
0.28700E-03
0.87972E-Ol
****
ETHYLACE
0.32591
0.37711
0.41254
0.46645
0.48538
0.49404
0.52217
0.55747
MOLE-X-PROFILE
HOAC
0.15028E-07
0.90382E-07
0.52631E-06
0.97032E-04
0.52657E-03
0.52800E-03
0.59186E-03
0.11750E-02
****
****
MOLE-Y-PROFILE
ACETALD
ACETONE
0.93129E-02
0.51469
0.42275
0.49481E-02
0.35927E-02
0.35518
0.30006E-02
0.25852
0.29962E-02
0.24689
0.21530E-02
0.22745
0.10029E-02
0.17158
0.60817E-03
0.13347
****
****
STAGE
1
2
3
6
7
8
10
11
MIXED
PRODUCT RATE
LBMOL/HR
LIQUID
VAPOR
7.6938
20.1111
STAGE
1
2
3
6
7
8
10
11
FEED RATE
LBMOL/HR
VAPOR
233
ETHYLACE
0.25720
0.31217
0.35312
0.41278
0.42406
0.43548
0.46906
0.49754
ETHANOL
0.73056E-02
0.73126E-02
0.70625E-02
0.59611E-02
0.56026E-02
0.55902E-02
0.52791E-02
0.47830E-02
ETHANOL
0.67540E-02
0.71953E-02
0.72009E-02
0.64118E-02
0.61217E-02
0.61700E-02
0.60044E-02
0.56253E02
VESSELS
ITEM: DC-810
(CONTINUED)
MOLE-Y-PROFILE
HOAC
0.20077E-08
0.12424E-07
O. 72702E- 07
0.13779E-04
0.77378E-04
0.77710E-04
0.88395E-04
0.18483E-03
****
STAGE
1
2
3
6
7
8
10
11
STAGE
1
2
3
6
7
8
10
11
STAGE
1
2
3
6
7
8
10
11
STAGE
1
2
3
6
7
8
10
11
STAGE
1
2
3
6
7
8
10
11
STAGE
1
2
WATER
0.21205
0.25294
0.28091
0.31927
0.31985
0.32867
0.35226
0.36257
HYDROGEN
80348.
36476.
21612.
11024.
10432.
9116.9
6362.1
5231.8
WATER
0.80561
0.84818
0.87066
0.91942
0.94993
0.95775
0.98752
1.0410
HYDROGEN
0.54631E-15
0.24003E-15
0.40455E-15
0.79408E-15
0.82518E-15
O.OOOOOE+OO
O. OOOOOE+OO
O. OOOOOE+OO
WATER
0.82912E-01
0.93669E-01
0.10117
0.10770
0.10267
0.10463
0.10819
0.10320
HYDROGEN
0.43970E-10
0.87840E-11
K-VALUES
****
ACETALD
2.4148
2.2886
2.2318
2.1561
2.1559
2.1403
2.1063
2 . 1191
****
****
ACETONE
1.2875
1. 3409
1.3862
1.4453
1.4489
1.4611
1.4950
1. 5172
K-VALUES
****
HOAC
0.13357
0 . 13742
0.13810
0.14199
0.14694
0.14718
0.14936
0.15731
MASS-X-PROFILE
****
ACETALD
ACETONE
0.29714E-02
0.40605
0.16612E-02
0.31935
0.12347E-02
0.25910
0.10555E-02
0.17886
0.10363E-02
0.16752
0.75004E-03
0.15302
O.35314E-03
0.11222
0.20793E-03
0.84031E-01
ETHYLACE
0.78927
0.82795
0.85612
0.88498
0.87368
0.88147
0.89829
0.89247
****
****
ETHYLACE
0 . 50218
0.57944
0.63283
0.70756
0.72387
0.73670
0.77454
0.80778
MASS-X-PROFILE
****
HOAC
0.15782E-07
0.94657E-07
0.55028E-06
0.10032E-03
0.53526E-03
0.53664E-03
0.59838E-03
O. 11605E- 02
****
MASS-Y-PROFILE
****
ACETALD
ACETONE
0.71856E-02
0.52357
0.38132E-02
0.42953
****
234
ETHANOL
0.92443
0.98387
1.0195
1.0756
1.0926
1.1037
1.1374
1.1761
ETHYLACE
0.39689
0.48114
ETHANOL
0.58860E-02
0.58752E-02
0.56647E-02
0.47281E-02
0.43689E-02
0.43587E-02
0.40944E-02
0.36239E-02
ETHANOL
0.54496E-02
0.57988E-02
VESSELS
0.27625E-02
0.22963E-02
0.22803E-02
0.16386E-02
0.76220E-03
0.45863E-03
0.36007
0.26084
0.24773
0.22822
0.17192
0.13270
MASS-Y-PROFILE
HOAC
0.21117E-08
O. l3051E-07
0.76207E-07
0.14374E-04
0.80278E-04
0.80622E-04
0.91578E-04
0.19000E-03
****
STAGE
1
2
3
6
7
8
10
11
WATER
0.66908E-Ol
0.79715E-Ol
0.88333E-Ol
0.99920E-Ol
0.99550E-Ol
0.10229
0.10948
0.11181
0.54305
0.63180
0.64549
0.66285
0.71297
0.75040
****
HCURVE 1
DUTY
CONSTANT
NRTL-RK
HC-l
DUTY
PRES
TEMP
BTU/HR
PSI
RENON
(NRTL)
REDLICH-KWONG
VFRAC
!============!============!============!============!
0.0
24.9000
183.1507
0.0
245.4757
183 . 3695
BOO>O . O
24.9000
2.2937+04
24.9000
183.4705
5.3156-02
4.5875+04
24.9000
183.5689
0 . 1068
6.8812+04
24.9000
183.6639
0.1604
!------------+------------+------------+------------!
9.1750+04
24.9000
183.7557
0.2141
1.l469+05
24.9000
183.8446
0.2676
1.3762+05
24.9000
183.9310
0.3212
1.6056+05
184.0151
24.9000
0.3747
1.8350+05
24.9000
184.0974
0.4283
- -----------+------------+------------+-----------
184.1782
2.0644+05
24.9000
0 . 4818
2 . 2937+05
184 . 2581
24.9000
0.5353
2.5231+05
184.3375
24.9000
0.5889
DUTY
PRES
HCURVE 1
DUTY
CONSTANT
NRTL-RK
HC-l
RENON
TEMP
(NRTL)
VFRAC
235
REDLICH-KWONG
0.57904E-02
0.5l315E-02
0.4 8723E- 02
0.49106E-02
0.47721E-02
0.44363E-02
VESSELS
ITEM: DC-B10
BTU/HR
(CONTINUED)
PSI
!============!============!============!============!
0.0
22.0000
174.4885
1.0000
22.0000
DEW>1.0000
-3317.0574
170.2403
22.0000
0.9339
-3 .8 975+04
170.0385
-7.7950+04
22.0000
169.8144
0.8614
-1.1693+05
22.0000
169.5862
0.7887
!--------- -- -+----------- - +------------+------- - ----!
22.0000
169.3540
0.7158
-1.5590+05
-1.9488+05
169.1176
0.6427
22.0000
-2.3385+05
168.8772
0.5695
22.0000
-2 . 7283+05
22.0000
168 . 6329
0.4960
0.4223
-3.1180+05
22.0000
168.3847
!------------+------------+------------+------------!
-3 . 5078+05
22.0000
168.1326
0.3484
0.2743 !
! -3 .8975+05 !
167.8765 !
22.0000 !
22.0000 !
0.2000 !
! -4.2873+05 !
167.6159 !
ITEM: DC-900
BLOCK:
NEAZDIST MODEL: RADFRAC
- NDFEED
STAGE
6
- NEAZRECY STAGE
1
ETACACOH STAGE 12
HENRY-COMPS ID:
INLETS
OUTLETS
RENON (NRTL)
/ REDLICH-KWONG
***
TOTAL BALANCE
MOLE (LBMOL/HR)
MASS (LB/HR
)
ENTHALPY (BTU/HR
93.0149
5933.43
-0.159980E+08
***
OUT
RELATIVE DIFF.
93.0149
5933.43
-0 . 157592E+08
0.152780E-15
0.276982E-12
-0.149287E-01
**********************
****
INPUT DATA
****
**********************
****
INPUT PARAMETERS
****
NUMBER OF STAGES
ALGORITHM OPTION
ABSORBER OPTION
INITIALIZATION OPTION
HYDRAULIC PARAMETER CALCULATIONS
INSIDE LOOP CONVERGENCE METHOD
DESIGN SPECIFICATION METHOD
MAXIMUM NO. OF OUTSIDE LOOP ITERATIONS
MAXIMUM NO. OF INSIDE LOOP ITERATIONS
MAXIMUM NUMBER OF FLASH ITERATIONS
FLASH TOLERANCE
OUTSIDE LOOP CONVERGENCE TOLERANCE
236
12
STANDARD
NO
STANDARD
NO
BROYDEN
NESTED
25
10
50
0.00010000
0.00010000
VESSELS
ITEM: DC-900 (CONTINUED)
COL-SPECS
****
****
****
P-SPEC
LBMOL/HR
F
0.0
1.80000
72.7032
2.00000
****
STAGE
PRES,
25.0000
PSI
*******************
****
RESULTS ****
*******************
***
***
OUTLET STREAMS
NEAZRECY
COMPONENT:
HYDROGEN
C02
ACETALD
***
1.0000
1 . 0000
.99999
ETACACOH
.21252E-41
. 22584E-11
.12760E-04
***
OUTLET STREAMS
COMPONENT:
ACETONE
ETHYLACE
ETHANOL
WATER
HOAC
***
NEAZRECY
ETACACOH
.99790
.75141
.99188
.99615
.23235E-02
.20984E-02
.24859
.81152E-02
.38485E-02
.99768
****
***
F
F
LBMOL/HR
LBMOL/HR
LBMOL/HR
LBMOL/HR
BTU/HR
BTU/HR
F
BTU/HR
DEW POINT
BUBBLE POINT
COMPONENT MASS BALANCE
ENERGY BALANCE
****
0.25122E-05
0.10078E-04
0.10650E-06
0.63138E-05
237
183.909
221.036
130.866
20.3117
0.0
243.616
1.80000
11.9939
- 2,896,260.
3,150,280.
181. 909
-15,189.4
STAGE= 12
STAGE= 3
STAGE= 4 COMP=ACETALD
STAGE= 12
VESSELS
ITEM: DC-900 (CONTINUED)
PROFILES
****
****
**NOTE** REPORTED VALUES FOR STAGE LIQUID AND VAPOR RATES ARE THE FLOWS
FROM THE STAGE EXCLUDING ANY SIDE PRODUCT.
FOR THE FIRST STAGE,
FOR THE
THE REPORTED VAPOR FLOW IS THE VAPOR DISTILLATE FLOW.
LAST STAGE, THE REPORTED LIQUID FLOW IS THE LIQUID BOTTOMS FLOW.
STAGE TEMPERATURE
F
PRESSURE
PSI
1
SUBC
2
5
6
7
10
25.000
25.000
27.000
27.300
27.400
27.500
27.800
27.900
28.000
11
12
183.91
181.91
189.95
196.30
198.30
202.03
209.64
212.64
221. 04
FLOW RATE
LBMOL/HR
LIQUID
VAPOR
O.OOOOE+OO
1 130.9
SUBC 130.9
203.6
2 134.6
210.3
5 138 . 5
211.2
6 253.5
233.2
7 256.1
239.6
10 261.7
241.4
263.9
11
20.31
243.6
12
ENTHALPY
BTU/LBMOL
LIQUID
VAPOR
-0.16155E+06
-0.16162E+06
-0.16947E+06
-0.18451E+06
-0.18549E+06
-0.19134E+06
-0.19846E+06
-0 . 19855E+06
-0.19736E+06
STAGE
****
FLOW RATE
LB/HR
VAPOR
LIQUID
7841.
O.OOOOE+OO
1
SUBC 7841.
2
8739.
0.1220E+05
5 0 . 1049E+05 0.1451E+05
6 0.1925E+05 0.1485E+05
7 0.2052E+05 0.1767E+05
10 0.2211E+05 0.2033E+05
11 0.2191E+05 0.2054E+05
12
1577.
0.2034E+05
LIQUID
HYDROGEN
0.13988E-06
0.26500E-I0
0.28227E-ll
0.20671E-ll
O.OOOOOE+OO
O.OOOOOE+OO
O.OOOOOE+OO
O.OOOOOE+OO
-0.14732E+06
-0.16091E+06
-0.16285E+06
-0.17095E+06
-0 . 18428E+06
-0.18550E+06
-0.18571E+06
FEED RATE
LBMOL/HR
VAPOR
MIXED
-.28963+07
-.15189+05
.31503+07
PRODUCT RATE
LBMOL/HR
VAPOR
LIQUID
72.7031
93.0148
20.3116
****
STAGE
STAGE
1
2
5
6
7
10
11
12
-0.14187E+06
HEAT DUTY
BTU/HR
LIQUID
FEED RATE
LB/HR
VAPOR
MIXED
PRODUCT RATE
LB/HR
LIQUID
VAPOR
4356.1007
5933.4341
1577.3333
MOLE-X-PROFILE
****
****
CO2
ACETALD
ACETONE
0.17419E-12
0.14553E-02
0.10041
0.98959E-14
0.66625E-03
0.65731E-Ol
0.21915E-14
0.23396E-03
0.35968E-Ol
0.22316E-14
0.21237E-03
0.33389E-Ol
0.65935E-04
O.OOOOOE+OO
0.19592E-Ol
O.OOOOOE+OO
0.12641E-05
0 . 3l289E-02
O.OOOOOE+OO
0.31225E-06
0.16114E-02
O.OOOOOE+OO
0.66470E-07
0.75579E-03
238
ETHYLACE
0.53625
0.62779
0.78863
0.77815
0.84363
0.89247
0.83078
0.63500
VESSELS
ITEM:
DC-900
(CONTINUED)
STAGE
1
2
5
6
7
10
11
12
ETHANOL
0.87026E-02
0.68974E-02
0.38538E-02
0.36981E-02
0.24370E-02
0.54586E-03
0.35919E-03
0.25486E-03
MOLE-X-PROFILE
****
WATER
HOAC
0.35295
0.23366E-03
0.29766
0.12561E-02
0.21184E-01
0.15013
0.13871
0.45841E-01
0.84134E-01
0.50136E-01
0.90222E-01
o .13634E-01
0.77673E-02
0.15948
0.48807E-02
0.35911
STAGE
1
2
5
6
7
10
11
12
HYDROGEN
0.80807E-03
0.13988E-06
0.48354E-07
0.48144E-07
0.22472E-11
O.OOOOOE+OO
O.OOOOOE+OO
O.OOOOOE+OO
MOLE-Y-PROFILE
****
CO2
ACETALD
ACETONE
0.29452E-11
0.30501E-02
0.15079
0.17419E-12
0.14553E-02
0.10041
0.61806E-13
0.68541E-03
0.61257E-Ol
0.61391E-13
0.65431E-03
0.58149E-01
0.23087E-03
0.24260E-14
0.36231E-01
O.OOOOOE+OO
0.53464E-05
0.63559E-02
O.OOOOOE+OO
o .13649E-05
0.33286E-02
O.OOOOOE+OO
0.33274E-06
0.16827E-02
STAGE
1
2
5
6
7
10
11
12
ETHANOL
0.99789E-02
0.87026E-02
0.58970E-02
0.55226E-02
0.39980E-02
0.95359E-03
0.57035E-03
0.36789E-03
MOLE-Y-PROFILE
****
WATER
HOAC
0.35544
0.35449E-04
0.35295
0.23366E-03
0.23973
0.63532E-02
0.21994
0.13973E-01
0.15036
0.18552E-01
0.27067E-01
0.40972E-01
0.14371E-01
0.67595E-01
0.80080E-02
0.14283
STAGE
1
2
5
6
7
10
11
12
HYDROGEN
5777.0
5277.7
17123.
23283 .
71363.
0.40074E+07
0.51337E+07
0.49047E+07
****
****
ETHYLACE
0.47990
0.53625
0.68608
0.70176
0.79062
0.92465
0.91413
0.84711
****
****
****
STAGE
1
2
5
6
7
10
11
12
ETHANOL
1.1467
1.2617
1.5302
1. 4 934
1.6405
1.7470
1.5879
1.4435
STAGE
1
2
HYDROGEN
0.47062E-08
0.82295E-12
K-VALUES
CO2
16.907
17.601
28.200
27.508
33 . 894
39.163
32.851
36.264
WATER
1.0071
1.1857
1.5967
1.5856
1.7872
1.9853
1.8502
1. 6407
****
ACETALD
2.0958
2.1842
2.9295
3.0809
3.5014
4.2295
4.3712
5.0057
K-VALUES
ACETONE
1. 5017
1 . 5276
1.7031
1.7416
1.8493
2.0314
2.0657
2.2265
ETHYLACE
0.89492
0.85421
0.86997
0.90184
0.93717
1.0361
1.1003
1.3340
****
HOAC
0.15171
0.18600
0.29989
0.30480
0.37002
0.45414
0.42385
0.39775
MASS-X-PROFILE
****
CO2
ACETALD
ACETONE
0.12795E-12
0.10700E-02
0.97336E-01
0.67091E-14
0.45214E-03
0.58810E-01
****
239
ETHYLACE
0.78855
0.85207
...
VESSELS
ITEM: DC-900 (CONTINUED)
0.75130E-13
5
o .54 879E-13
6
7
O.OOOOOE+OO
O.OOOOOE+OO
10
O.OOOOOE+OO
11
O.OOOOOE+OO
12
o .12734E-14
0.12934E-14
O.OOOOOE+OO
O.OOOOOE+OO
O.OOOOOE+OO
O.OOOOOE+OO
o .13609E-03
0.12321E-03
0.36259E-04
0.65900E-06
0.16568E-06
0.37708E-07
0.27583E-Ol
0.25539E-Ol
o .14205E-Ol
0.21505E-02
o .11273E-02
0.56526E-03
STAGE
1
2
5
6
7
10
11
12
ETHANOL
O. 66914E- 02
0.48950E-02
0.23442E-02
0.22437E-02
0.14015E-02
0.29759E-03
0.19931E-03
0.15119E-03
MASS-X-PROFILE
****
WATER
HOAC
0.10612
0.23419E-03
0.82609E-Ol
0.11620E-02
0.35711E-Ol
0.16797E-Ol
0.32909E-Ol
0.36255E-Ol
0.18920E-Ol
0.37584E-Ol
0.29067E-02
0.64117E-Ol
0.16854E-02
0.11535
0 . 11323E-02
0.27770
STAGE
1
2
5
6
7
10
11
12
HYDROGEN
0.28066E-04
0 . 47062E-08
0.14125E-08
o .13807E-08
0.59778E-13
O.OOOOOE+OO
O.OOOOOE+OO
O. OOOOOE+OO
MASS-Y-PROFILE
****
CO2
ACETALD
ACETONE
0.22332E-ll
0.23150E-02
0.15089
0 . 12795E-12
0 . 10700E-02
0.97336E-Ol
0.39417E-13
0.51557E-Ol
0.43755E-03
0.48047E-Ol
0.38437E-13
0.41007E-03
0.14089E-14
0.27769E-Ol
o .13421E-03
0.27765E-05
0.43517E-02
O.OOOOOE+OO
O.OOOOOE+OO
0.70672E-06
0.22723E-02
O.OOOOOE+OO
0.17561E-06
o .11709E-02
STAGE
1
2
5
6
7
10
11
12
ETHANOL
0 . 79206E-02
0.66914E-02
0.39368E-02
0 . 36195E-02
0 . 24305E-02
0.51788E-03
0.30883E-03
0.20304E-03
MASS-Y-PROFILE
****
WATER
HOAC
0.11032
0.36677E-04
0.10612
0.23419E-03
0.62584E-Ol
0.55288E-02
0.56368E-Ol
0.11938E-Ol
0 . 35746E-Ol
0.14702E-Ol
0.57483E-02
0.29005E-Ol
0.30430E-02
0.47712E-Ol
0.17283E - 02
0.10276
0.91743
0.90293
0.92785
0.93053
0.88163
0.72045
****
****
****
DUTY
CONSTANT
NRTL-RK
HC-l
DUTY
PRES
TEMP
BTU/HR
PSI
RENON
(NRTL)
REDLICH-KWONG
VFRAC
!============!============!============!============!
0.0
2510.6086
2.8639+05
28.0000
28.0000
28.0000
212.6416
212.8657
213.1768
240
0.0
BUB>O.O
8.2608-02
ETHYLACE
0.72848
0.78855
0 . 87596
0.87962
0.91922
0.96037
0.94666
0.89414
VESSELS
28 . 0000
213.5200
5.7278+05
0.1660
8.5917+05
28.0000
213.9019
0.2496
------------+------------+------------+-----------
28.0000
1.1456+06
214.3344
0.3332
28.0000
214.8328
1.4319+06
0.4170
28.0000
1.7183+06
215.4176
0.5009
2.0047+06
28.0000
216.1166
0.5849
2.2911+06
28.0000
216.9681
0.6691
!------------+------------+------------+-----------
2.5775+06
28.0000
218.0244
0.7534
219.3539
0.8380
28.0000
2.8639+06
28.0000
221.0362
3.1503+06
0.9230
DUTY
CONSTANT
NRTL-RK
HC-1
DUTY
PRES
TEMP
BTU/HR
PSI
RENON
(NRTL)
REDLICH-KWONG
VFRAC
!============!============!============!============!
0.0
25.0000
189.5595
1.0000
-1.7636+04
25.0000
185.5610
DEW>1.0000
-2.6468+05
25.0000
185.3809
0.9133
-5.2935+05
25.0000
185.2168
0.8209
-7.9403+05
25.0000
185.0710
0.7287
!------------+------------+------------+------------!
-1.0587+06
25.0000
184.9356
0.6368
-1.3234+06
25.0000
184.8049
0.5450
-1.5881+06
25 . 0000
184.6750
0.4533
-1.8527+06
25.0000
184.5426
0.3616
25.0000
-2.1174+06
184.4055
0.2699
------------+------------+------------+-----------
-2.3821+06
25.0000
184.2614
0 . 1782
25.0000
-2.6468+06
184.1087
8.6488-02
25.0000
-2.8963+06
183.9088
BUB>O.O
-2.9114+06
25.0000
181.9088
0.0
UNIT: DC-910
BLOCK:
ETACDIST MODEL: RADFRAC
INLETS
OUTLETS
- ETACACOH STAGE 13
- ETOAC
STAGE
1
ACOHPROD STAGE 23
PROPERTY OPTION SET:
NRTL-RK
HENRY-COMPS 10:
HC-1
RENON
241
(NRTL)
REDLICH-KWONG
VESSELS
UNIT: DC-9I0
(CONTINUED)
MASS AND ENERGY BALANCE
IN
***
TOTAL BALANCE
MOLE (LBMOL/HR)
MASS (LB/HR
)
ENTHALPY (BTU/HR
20.3117
1577.33
-0.400864E+07
***
OUT
RELATIVE DIFF .
20.3117
1577.33
-0.403129E+07
-0.144151E-11
0.562018E-02
O.OOOOOOE+OO
**********************
INPUT DATA
****
****
**********************
INPUT PARAMETERS
****
****
NUMBER OF STAGES
ALGORITHM OPTION
ABSORBER OPTION
INITIALIZATION OPTION
FLASH TOLERANCE
COL-SPECS
****
PROFILES
P-SPEC
0.0
1.80000
1,139.31
****
STAGE
PRES, PSI
16.0000
*******************
****
RESULTS
****
*******************
***
***
OUTLET STREAMS
ETOAC
COMPONENT:
ACETALD
ACETONE
ETHYLACE
ETHANOL
***
1.0000
.99999
.99870
. 99948
ACOHPROD
.13575E-09
.60485E-05
.12975E-02
.51786E-03
***
OUTLET STREAMS
ETOAC
COMPONENT:
WATER
HOAC
25
10
50
0.00010000
0.00010000
****
****
23
STANDARD
NO
STANDARD
NO
BROYDEN
NESTED
.99960
.33680E-02
ACOHPROD
.40020E-03
.99663
242
VESSELS
(CONTINUED)
SUMMARY OF KEY RESULTS
UNIT: DC-910
***
***
LBMOL/HR
LBMOL/HR
LBMOL/HR
LBMOL / HR
BTU/HR
BTU/HR
****
DEW POINT
BUBBLE POINT
COMPONENT MASS BALANCE
ENERGY BALANCE
****
PROFILES
174.959
2 62.932
23.4457
7.28629
0.0
47.0546
1.80000
6.45796
-509,575.
486,919.
F
F
****
0.48994E-04
0.51094E-04
o .19630E-05
0.19249E-03
STAGE=
9
STAGE= 9
STAGE= 13 COMP=HOAC
STAGE= 17
****
**NOTE** REPORTED VALUES FOR STAGE LIQUID AND VAPOR RATES ARE THE FLOWS
FROM THE STAGE EXCLUDING ANY SIDE PRODUCT.
FOR THE FIRST STAGE,
THE REPORTED VAPOR FLOW IS THE VAPOR DISTILLATE FLOW.
FOR THE
LAST STAGE, THE REPORTED LIQUID FLOW IS THE LIQUID BOTTOMS FLOW .
STAGE TEMPERATURE
F
1
2
11
12
13
14
21
22
23
STAGE
1
2
11
12
13
14
21
22
23
174 . 96
182.05
187.34
189.23
192 . 92
193.35
258.62
261.71
262 . 93
ENTHALPY
BTU/LBMOL
LIQUID
VAPOR
PRESSURE
PSI
16.000
18.000
18.900
19.000
19.100
19.200
19.900
20.000
20.100
FLOW RATE
LBMOL/HR
LIQUID
VAPOR
23.45
O.OOOOE+OO
23.97
36.47
24 . 42
37.32
24.60
37.45
36.32
43.63
36.34
43.66
53 . 95
45.53
54.34
46.67
7.286
47.05
- 0.20137E+06
-0.20150E+06
-0 . 20078E+06
-0.20030E+06
-0.19943E+06
-0.19947E+06
-0.19347E+06
-0.19333E+06
-0.19329E+06
LIQUID
-0.18651E+06
-0.18740E+06
-0.18751E+06
-0.18738E+06
-0.18715E+06
-0.18727E+06
-0.18328E+06
-0 . 18307E+06
-0.18299E+06
FEED RATE
LBMOL/HR
VAPOR
MIXED
HEAT DUTY
BTU/HR
-.50957+06
.48692+06
PRODUCT RATE
LBMOL/HR
VAPOR
LIQUID
13.0253
1.3058
19.0057
7.2862
243
VESSELS
UNIT: DC-9ID
****
STAGE
1
2
11
12
13
14
21
22
23
(CONTINUED)
MASS FLOW PROFILES
FLOW RATE
LB/HR
LIQUID
VAPOR
2051.
O.OOOOE+OO
3190.
2104.
2089.
3237.
2067.
3228.
3539.
3097.
3101.
3541.
3277.
2843.
2839.
3275.
2837.
438.0
****
LIQUID
FEED RATE
LB/HR
VAPOR
109.2235
1468.1098
438.0283
MOLE-X-PROFILE
ACETONE
ETHYLACE
0.11786E-02
0.98893
0.53806E-03
0.99255
0.27172E-03
0.91129
0.27028E-03
0.85736
0.24582E-03
0.75436
o .13254E-03
0.75284
0.21373E-06
0.24239E-Ol
0.53084E-07
0.76123E-02
0.12744E-07
0.22967E-02
****
STAGE
1
2
11
12
13
14
21
22
23
ACETALD
0.10365E-06
0.21081E-07
0.87037E - 08
0.86100E-08
0.64211E-08
0.15149E-08
0.33483E-14
O.OOOOOE+OO
O.OOOOOE+OO
****
STAGE
1
2
11
12
13
14
21
22
23
MOLE-X-PROFILE
ACETALD
0.51813E-06
0.10365E-06
0.41839E-07
0.41730E-07
0.32639E-07
0.77086E-08
0.42922E-13
0.38672E-14
O.OOOOOE+OO
MOLE-Y-PROFILE
ACETONE
ETHYLACE
0.25996E-02
0.97730
0.11786E-02
0.98893
0.58811E-03
0.95722
0.58715E-03
0.93830
0.54694E-03
0.90473
0.29510E-03
0.90515
0.95972E-06
0.85087E-Ol
0.24511E-06
0.27665E-Ol
0.59330E-07
0.84354E - 02
****
STAGE
1
2
11
12
13
14
****
ETHANOL
0.39722E-03
0.18052E-03
0.11860E-03
0.13464E-03
0.15451E-03
0.12950E-03
0.38914E-05
0.12230E-05
0.36792E-06
WATER
0.76079E-02
0.31573E-02
0.18132E-02
0.19847E-02
0.21860E-02
0.15095E-02
0.39920E-04
0.15080E-04
0 . 54450E-05
****
HOAC
0.18860E-02
0.35759E-02
0.86502E-Ol
0.14025
0.24305
0.24539
0.97572
0.99237
0.99770
****
STAGE
1
2
11
12
13
14
21
22
23
MIXED
PRODUCT RATE
LB / HR
LIQUID
VAPOR
113 9.3050
MOLE-Y-PROFILE
HOAC
0.95836E-03
0.18860E-02
0.38209E-Ol
0.57070E-01
0 . 90704E-Ol
0.91746E-Ol
244
****
ETHANOL
0.86679E-03
0.39722E-03
0.20956E-03
0.21551E-03
0.22125E-03
0 . 18542E-03
0.13513E-04
0.44416E-05
o .13555E-05
****
WATER
0.18275E-Ol
0.76079E-02
0.37707E-02
0.38288E-02
0.38001E-02
0.26232E-02
0.11525E-03
0.45302E-04
0.16572E-04
VESSELS
0.91478
21
22
0 . 97228
23
0.99155
K-VALUES
ACETONE
ETHYLACE
2.2058
0.98824
2.1904
0.99635
2.1644
1.0504
2.1724
1.0944
2.2250
1.1993
2.2266
1.2023
4.4904
3.5104
4.6175
3.6343
4.6557
3.6728
****
STAGE
1
2
11
12
13
14
21
22
23
ACETALD
4.9987
4.9170
4.8070
4.8467
5 . 0830
5.0885
12.819
13.195
13.301
****
STAGE
1
2
11
12
13
14
21
22
23
STAGE
1
2
11
12
13
14
21
22
23
ACETALD
0.52205E-07
0.10582E-07
0.44825E-08
0.45144E-08
0.34870E-08
0 . 82281E-09
0.24288E-14
O.OOOOOE+OO
O . OOOOOE+OO
MASS X-PROFILE
****
ACETONE
ETHYLACE
0.78258E-03
0.99615
0.35609E-03
0.99645
0.18449E-03
0.93864
0.18684E-03
0.89907
0.17600E-03
0.81932
0 . 94907E-04
0 . 81781
0.20440E-06
0.35165E-01
0.51159E-07
0.11129E-Ol
0.12312E-07
0.33661E-02
WATER
2.4021
2.4096
2.0796
1.9293
1.7385
1.7379
2.8871
3.0041
3.0436
****
MASS-X-PROFILE
****
ETHANOL
0.20921E-03
0.94760E-04
0.63874E-04
0.73824E-04
0.87747E-04
0.73556E-04
0.29520E-05
0.93493E-06
0.28195E-06
WATER
0.15670E-02
0 . 64812E-03
0.38188E-03
0.42555E-03
0.48546E-03
0.33529E - 03
0.11842E-04
0.45080E-05
0 . 16317E-05
****
HOAC
0.12949E-02
0.24469E-02
0.60728E-Ol
0.10024
0.17993
0.18169
0.96482
0.98887
0.99663
MASS-Y-PROFILE
ETHYLACE
ACETONE
0.17418E-02
0.99334
0.78258E-03
0.99615
0.97226
0.39378E-03
0.39556E-03
0.95894
0.37254E-03
0.93483
****
STAGE
1
2
11
12
13
ETHANOL
2.1821
2.2004
1.7670
1.6008
1.4320
1.4319
3.4724
3.6316
3.6841
HOAC
0.50813
0.52743
0.44172
0.40694
0.37320
0.37391
0.93755
0.97976
0.99383
****
STAGE
1
2
11
12
13
14
21
22
23
K-VALUES
****
ACETALD
0.26332E-06
0.52205E-07
0.21248E-07
O. 21324E- 07
0.16862E-07
245
****
ETHANOL
0.46066E-03
0.20921E - 03
0.11130E-03
o .11516E-03
0 . 11953E-03
WATER
0.37980E-02
0.15670E - 02
0.78312E-03
0.80010E - 03
0.80286E-03
VESSELS
UNIT: DC-910 (CONTINUED)
0.39796E-08
14
0.30286E-13
21
22
0.28008E-14
O.OOOOOE+OO
23
0.20086E-03
0.89279E-06
0.23404E-06
0.57157E-07
MASS-Y-PROFILE
****
STAGE
1
2
11
12
13
14
21
22
23
0 . 93458
0.12007
0.40072E-01
0.12328E-01
0.10010E-03
0.99708E-05
0.33640E-05
0.10358E-05
****
HOAC
0.66393E-03
0.12949E-02
0.26452E-01
0 . 39754E-01
0.63880E-01
0.64566E-01
0.87988
0.95991
0.98767
DUTY
CONSTANT
NRTL-RK
HC-1
DUTY
PRES
TEMP
BTU/HR
PSI
RENON (NRTL)
/ REDLICH-KWONG
VFRAC
!============!============!============!============!
0.0
20.1000
261.7049
0.0
294.9185
BUB>O.O
20.1000
262.0238
4.4265+04
20 . 1000
262.2445
7.7763-02
8.8531+04
20.1000
262.4033
0.1562
20.1000
1.3280+05
262.5220
0.2349
!------------+------------+------------+------------!
1.7706+05
20.1000
262.6139
0.3136
2.2133+05
20.1000
262.6872
0.3924
2.6559+05
20.1000
0.4712
262.7469
3.0986+05
20 . 1000
262.7964
0.5501
20.1000
3.5412+05
262.8382
0.6290
!-------- - ---+------------+------------+------------!
20.1000
262.8739
0 . 7080
3.9839+05
4.4265+05 !
20.1000 !
0.7869 !
262.9048 !
4.8692+05 !
20.1000 !
0.8659 !
262.9318 !
DUTY
PRES
DUTY
CONSTANT
NRTL-RK
HC-1
RENON (NRTL)
TEMP
VFRAC
246
/ REDLICH-KWONG
0.55380E-03
0.33256E-04
0 . 13417E-04
0.49521E-05
VESSELS
UNIT: DC-910
BTU/HR
(CONTINUED)
PSI
!============!============!============!============!
0.0
16.0000
181.6249
1 . 0000
16 . 0000
175 . 4321
DEW>1.0000
-6816.3628
16.0000
175 . 4104
-4.6325+04
0.9213
-9.2650+04
16.0000
175.3842
0.8290
16.0000
-1.3897+05
175.3565
0.7368
------------+------------+- - ----- - ----+-----------
16.0000
-1.8530+05
175.3266
0.6446
-2.3162+05
16.0000
175.2938
0.5524
16 . 0000
-2.7795+05
175.2572
0 . 4603
16 . 0000
175.2155
-3.2427+05
0.3681
16.0000
-3.7060+05
175.1674
0.2760
!------------+-------- - ---+-- - - - -------+-----------
16.0000
-4.1692+05
175.1107
0.1839
-4.6325+05
16.0000
175.0425
9.1967-02
16.0000
174.9589
0.0
- 5.0957+05
ITEM: DE-720
BLOCK:
INLET STREAM:
FIRST LIQUID OUTLET :
SECOND LIQUID OUTLET:
PROPERTY OPTION SET:
HENRY - COMPS ID:
14
DECETAC
DECWATER
NRTL-RK
HC-l
***
RENON (NRTL)
/ REDLICH-KWONG
TOTAL BALANCE
MOLE (LBMOL/HR)
MASS (LB/HR
)
ENTHALPY (BTU/HR
818.677
36555.2
-0.123667E+09
***
OUT
RELATIVE DIFF.
818.677
36555.2
-0.123670E+09
0.111093E-14
0.186056E-06
0.233092E-04
***
INPUT DATA ***
LIQUID-LIQUID SPLIT, PQ SPECIFICATION
SPECIFIED HEAT DUTY - BLOCK SPEC
BTU/HR
0.0
SPECIFIED PRESSURE DROP
PSI
0.50000
CONVERGENCE TOLERANCE ON EQUILIBRIUM
0.10000E-03
MAXIMUM NO ITERATIONS ON EQUILIBRIUM
30
EQUILIBRIUM METHOD
EQUATION-SOLVING
OPTION SET OR EOS
KLL COEFFICIENTS FROM
KLL BASIS
MOLE
NO KEY COMPONENT IS SPECIFIED
OUTLET TEMPERATURE
OUTLET PRESSURE
CALCULATED HEAT DUTY
MOLAR RATIO 1ST LIQUID /
***
RESULTS ***
F
PSI
BTU / HR
TOTAL LIQUID
Xl
117.51
35.500
-2882 . 6
0.54114
X2
0.109333-06
0.136155-12
247
0.255060-10
0 . 227032 - 14
0.000 2 3329
0.016675
VESSELS
ITEM:
ITEM:
DE-720 (CONTINUED)
0 . 00071625
ACETALD
ACETONE
0 . 051802
ETHYLACE
0 . 31299
0.0051848
ETHANOL
0.57082
WATER
0.058487
HOAC
0.0011375
0.078651
0.55781
0.0068579
0.27694
0.078601
0.00021945
0.020138
0.024284
0.0032117
0.91738
0.034766
0.19293
0.25604
0.043534
0.46833
3.31255
0.44230
ST-800
BLOCK:
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ------
- DECWATER
STEAM
- 45
OUTLETS
WAS WATER
PROPERTY OPTION SET:
HENRY-COMPS ID :
INLETS
STAGE
2
STAGE
6
STAGE
1
STAGE
6
NRTL-RK
HC-l
***
TOTAL BALANCE
MOLE (LBMOL/HR)
MASS (LB/HR
)
ENTHALPY (BTU/HR
495.662
10457.0
-0.597787E+08
***
OUT
RELATIVE DIFF.
495.662
10457.0
-0.607587E+08
O.OOOOOOE+OO
-0.123991E-ll
0 . 161293E-Ol
**********************
INPUT DATA
****
****
**********************
INPUT PARAMETERS
****
****
NUMBER OF STAGES
ALGORITHM OPTION
ABSORBER OPTION
INITIALIZATION OPTION
HYDRAULIC PARAMETER CALCULATIONS
INSIDE LOOP CONVERGENCE METHOD
DESIGN SPECIFICATION METHOD
MAXIMUM NO . OF OUTSIDE LOOP ITERATIONS
MAXIMUM NO . OF INSIDE LOOP ITERATIONS
MAXIMUM NUMBER OF FLASH ITERATIONS
FLASH TOLERANCE
OUTSIDE LOOP CONVERGENCE TOLERANCE
COL-SPECS
****
****
MOLAR VAPOR DIST / TOTAL DIST
MOLAR DISTILLATE RATE
REBOILER DUTY
PROFILES
****
P-SPEC
LBMOL / HR
BTU/HR
1.00000
20 . 1112
0.0
****
STAGE
PRES, PSI
25.0000
*******************
****
RESULTS
****
*******************
***
STANDARD
NO
STANDARD
NO
BROYDEN
NESTED
25
10
50
0.00010000
0.00010000
***
248
VESSELS
ITEM: ST-800
(CONTINUED)
OUTLET STREAMS
-------------
45
COMPONENT:
HYDROGEN
ACETALD
ACETONE
ETHYLACE
ETHANOL
WATER
HOAC
WASWATER
1.0000
.91236
.66785
.97572
.92295E-Ol
.12820E-Ol
.11172E- 02
. 86878E-27
.87637E-Ol
.33215
.24277E-Ol
.90771
.98718
.99888
***
***
LBMOL/HR
LBMOL/HR
LBMOL/HR
LBMOL/HR
BTU/HR
BTU/HR
DEW POINT
BUBBLE POINT
COMPONENT MASS BALANCE
ENERGY BALANCE
****
PROFILES
182.052
234.068
71.1622
475.550
20.1112
109.250
3.53844
-979,980.
0.0
F
F
****
O.74175E-04
0.17600E-03
0.12572E-05
o .11998E-04
STAGE=
STAGE=
STAGE=
STAGE=
4 COMP=ETHYLACE
4
****
**NOTE** REPORTED VALUES FOR STAGE LIQUID AND VAPOR RATES ARE THE FLOWS
FROM THE STAGE EXCLUDING ANY SIDE PRODUCT.
FOR THE FIRST STAGE,
THE REPORTED VAPOR FLOW IS THE VAPOR DISTILLATE FLOW.
FOR THE
LAST STAGE, THE REPORTED LIQUID FLOW IS THE LIQUID BOTTOMS FLOW.
STAGE TEMPERATURE
F
1
2
3
4
5
6
STAGE
1
2
3
4
5
6
182.05
181.81
181.89
181.80
200.33
234.07
ENTHALPY
BTU/LBMOL
LIQUID
VAPOR
PRESSURE
PSI
25.000
27.000
27.100
27.200
27.300
27.400
FLOW RATE
LBMOL/HR
VAPOR
LIQUID
20.11
71. 16
91.27
481. 4
125.9
481. 5
125.9
470.4
114.9
464.8
109.3
475.6
-0.16051E+06
-0.13152E+06
-0.13007E+06
-0.12664E+06
-0.12334E+06
-0.12194E+06
LIQUID
-0.13764E+06
-0.14473E+06
-O.14006E+06
-O.13452E+06
-0.12091E+06
-0.10658E+06
FEED RATE
LBMOL/HR
VAPOR
MIXED
HEAT DUTY
BTU/HR
-.97998+06
PRODUCT RATE
LBMOL/HR
LIQUID
VAPOR
20.1111
375.6616
120.0000
249
475.5504
VESSELS
ITEM: ST-800 (CONTINUED)
**** MASS FLOW PROFILES
FLOW RATE
LB/HR
LIQUID
VAPOR
4467.
1194.
0.1475E+05
5661.
0.1457E+05
7644.
0.1274E+05
7469.
0.1008E+05
5638.
9263.
2982.
****
STAGE
1
2
3
4
5
6
STAGE
1
2
3
4
5
6
HYDROGEN
0.37543E-13
O.OOOOOE+OO
O.OOOOOE+OO
O.OOOOOE+OO
O.OOOOOE+OO
O.OOOOOE+OO
LIQUID
FEED RATE
LB/HR
VAPOR
8295.1546
2161.8336
****
MOLE-X-PROFILE
ACETALD
ACETONE
0.16884E-02
0.17387
0.55181E-03
0.68200E-01
0.48698E-03
0.84100E-01
0.30684E-03
0.81901E-01
0.33847E-01
0.92474E-04
0.15193E-04
0.52837E-02
MOLE-X-PROFILE
HOAC
0.43113E-02
0.28063E-01
0.28444E-01
0.31350E-01
0.34845E-01
0.27432E-01
****
STAGE
1
2
3
4
5
6
STAGE
1
2
3
4
5
6
WATER
0.28135
0.77683
0.77430
0.81800
0.91485
0.96450
HYDROGEN
0.47643E-09
0.10501E-09
0.27641E-14
O.OOOOOE+OO
O.OOOOOE+OO
O.OOOOOE+OO
STAGE
1
2
3
4
5
6
WATER
0.29619
0.28462
0.28058
0.27099
0.40172
0.79228
STAGE
1
2
3
4
5
6
HYDROGEN
12684.
0.14523E+06
0.19771E+06
0.69594E+06
0.61458E+07
0.12434E+08
MIXED
PRODUCT RATE
LB/HR
LIQUID
VAPOR
1194.3096
****
MOLE-Y-PROFILE
ACETALD
ACETONE
0.37400E-02
0.25122
0.21405E-02
0.19091
0.24087
0.20530E-02
0.18049E-02
0.30165
0.31348
0.11935E-02
0.32729E-03
0.12100
****
MOLE-Y-PROFILE
HOAC
0.72549E-03
0.35212E-02
0.36938E-02
0.51540E-02
0.14821E-01
0.28836E-01
K-VALUES
ACETALD
ACETONE
2.2150
l.4449
3.8786
2.7992
4.2157
2.8638
5.8833
3.6826
12.908
9.2608
21.544
22.900
****
250
9262.6785
****
ETHYLACE
0.53391
0.12230
0.10724
0.60333E-01
0.93990E-02
0.46571E-03
ETHANOL
0.48728E-02
0.40599E-02
0.54299E-02
0.81096E-02
0.69620E-02
0.23030E-02
****
****
ETHYLACE
0.44259
0.51379
0.46597
0.40834
0.24511
0.37961E-01
ETHANOL
0.55370E-02
0.50191E-02
0.68272E-02
0.12065E-01
0.23674E-01
0.19595E-01
****
****
ETHYLACE
0.82897
4.2007
4.3439
6.7661
26.073
8l.508
ETHANOL
1.1363
1.2362
1.2571
l.4875
3.3999
8.5085
VESSELS
ITEM: ST-SOO
(CONTINUED)
****
STAGE
1
2
3
4
5
6
WATER
1.0527
0.36639
0.36237
0.33127
0.43910
0.82144
K-VALUES
MASS-X-PROFILE
ACETONE
ACETALD
0.11851E-02
0.16089
0.79370E-03
0.12933
0.70891E-03
0 . 16141
0.49918E-03
0.17566
0.18779E-03
0.90622E-01
0.34361E-04
0.15755E - 01
****
STAGE
1
2
3
4
5
6
STAGE
1
2
3
4
5
6
STAGE
1
2
3
4
5
6
HYDROGEN
0.12058E-14
O.OOOOOE+OO
O.OOOOOE+OO
O.OOOOOE+OO
O.OOOOOE+OO
O.OOOOOE+OO
WATER
0.80753E-01
0.45693
0.46094
0.54421
0.75977
0.89208
HYDROGEN
0 . 16173E-10
0.34131E-11
0.91759E-16
O.OOOOOE+OO
O. OOOOOE+OO
O.OOOOOE+OO
WATER
0.89851E-01
0.82673E-01
0.83237E-01
0.82293E-01
0.14747
0.52294
****
ETHYLACE
0.74947
0.35181
0.31223
0.19631
0.38175E-01
0.21066E-02
MASS-X-PROFILE
****
HOAC
0.41250E-02
0.55025E-01
0.56445E-01
0.69525E-01
0.96462E-01
0.84578E-01
****
MASS-Y-PROFILE
****
ACETALD
ACETONE
0.27744E-02
0.24570
0.17878
0.15204E-02
0.14893E-02
0.23038
o .13403E-02
0 . 29532
0.10714E-02
0.37102
0.52826E-03
0.25748
****
MASS-Y-PROFILE
HOAC
0.73364E-03
0.34095E-02
0 . 36528E-02
0.52173E-02
0.18137E-01
0.63444E-01
****
STAGE
1
2
3
4
5
6
****
HOAC
0.16827
0.12547
0.12984
0.16437
0.42527
1.0511
251
ETHYLACE
0.65665
0.72989
0.67607
0.60646
0.44008
0.12254
****
ETHANOL
0.35765E-02
0.61068E-02
0.82661E-02
o .13797E-01
0 . 14785E-01
0.54470E-02
ETHANOL
0.42954E--02
0.37282E-02
0.51793E-02
0.93697E-02
0.22224E-01
0.33074E-01
BLOCK:
FURNACE
MODEL: HEATER
INLET STREAMS:
OUTLET STREAM:
PROPERTY OPTION SET:
HENRY-COMPS ID:
***
HOACHOT
RXFEED
NRTL-RK
HC-1
H2HOT
RENON (NRTL)
/ REDLICH-KWONG
TOTAL BALANCE
MOLE (LBMOL/HR)
MASS (LB/HR
)
ENTHALPY (BTU/HR
4958.76
62974.3
-0.158187E+09
***
INPUT DATA
TWO
PHASE TP FLASH
SPECIFIED TEMPERATURE
SPECIFIED PRESSURE
MAXIMUM NO. ITERATIONS
CONVERGENCE TOLERANCE
***
OUT
RELATIVE DIFF.
4958.76
62974.3
-0.145495E+09
O.OOOOOOE+OO
O.OOOOOOE+OO
-O.802334E-01
***
599.000
252.000
30
0.00010000
PSI
***
RESULTS
***
OUTLET TEMPERATURE
F
OUTLET PRESSURE
PSI
HEAT DUTY
BTU/HR
OUTLET VAPOR FRACTION
V-L PHASE EQUILIBRIUM
F (I)
COMP
HYDROGEN
0.77844
0.23541E-01
CO2
METHANE
0.18794E-01
ETHYLENE
0.61486E-02
ETHANE
0.57369E-02
ACETALD
0.28449E-02
ACETONE
0.99096E-03
ETHYLACE
0 . 20783E-02
ETHANOL
0.75496E-04
WATER
0 . 14542E-01
HOAC
0.14681
599.00
252.00
0.12692E+08
1.0000
X (I)
0.21782E-04
0.21778E-03
0.78448E-03
0.13373E-02
0.20174E-02
0.76336E-02
0.46606E-02
o .11355E-01
0.32673E-03
O.26451E-01
0.94520
Y(I)
0.77844
0.23541E-01
0.18794E-01
0.61486E-02
0.57369E-02
0.28449E-02
0.99096E-03
0.20783E-02
0.75496E-04
o .14542E-01
0.14681
ITEM: HX-200
BLOCK:
HOT SIDE:
---------
INLET STREAM:
OUTLET STREAM:
PROPERTY OPTION SET:
HENRY-COMPS ID:
COLD SIDE:
RXHOAC
RX2
NRTL-RK
HC-1
---------INLET STREAM:
OUTLET STREAM:
PROPERTY OPTION SET:
HENRY-COMPS ID:
HOACHOT
NRTL-RK
HC-1
252
K(I)
0.45846E+06
1386.7
307.34
58.983
36.481
4.7808
2 . 7277
2.3480
2.9642
7.0528
1.9926
(CONTINUED)
MASS AND ENERGY BALANCE
IN
***
TOTAL BALANCE
MOLE (LBMOL/HR)
MASS (LB/HR
)
ENTHALPY (BTU/HR
2354.84
63355.2
-0.186509E+09
***
INPUT DATA
***
OUT
RELATIVE DIFF.
2354.84
63355.2
-0.186509E+09
O.OOOOOOE+OO
O.OOOOOOE+OO
0.798951E-15
***
30
0.00010000
30
0.00010000
1.0000
1.00000
PSI
PSI
5 . 0000
8.0000
OVERALL RESULTS
149.6937
149.6937
149.6937
149.6937
149.6937
149.6937
149.6937
149.6937
149.6937
***
STREAMS:
1
RXHOAC
----->1
T= 5.5681D+02
1
P= 2.5092D+02
1
V= 1.0000D+00
I
HOT
HOACHOT
<-----1
T= 4.6467D+02
I
P= 2.5500D+02
1
V= 1.3360D-01
1
COLD
253
1
1-----> RX2
T=
1
P=
1
V=
1
1
1<----- 2
T=
1
p=
1
V=
1
2.8014D+02
2.4592D+02
1 . 0000D+00
2.4194D+02
2.6300D+02
O.OOOOD+OO
BTU/HR
SQFT
4305262.2823
731.4923
BTU/HR-SQFT-R
96.0740
HOTSIDE, TOTAL
COLDSIDE, TOTAL
1.0000
61.2610
PSI
PSI
***
5.0000
8.0000
ZONE RESULTS
***
RXHOAC
VAP
VAP
------ >
556.8
HOACHOT
498.21
BOIL
LIQ
<- - ---
280 . 1
2
1<-----
464.7
RX2
1------ >
464.21
241. 9
COLD
ZONE HEAT TRANSFER AND AREA:
ZONE
1
2
HEAT DUTY
BTU/ HR
AREA
SQFT
941032.235
3364230.048
HEATX COLD-HCURVE:
DTLM
F
107.8474
623.6448
58.2896
36 . 0367
149.6937
149.6937
HOACHEAT HCURVE 1
INDEPENDENT VARIABLE:
PRESSURE PROFILE:
PROPERTY OPTION SET:
HENRY-COMPS ID:
DUTY
CONSTANT
NRTL-RK
HC-1
DUTY
PRES
TEMP
BTU/HR
PSI
RENON (NRTL)
/ REDLICH-KWONG
VFRAC
!============!============!============!============!
0.0
3.9139+05
7.8277+05
1.1742+06
AVERAGE U
BTU/HR-SQFT-R
255.0000
255.0000
255.0000
255.0000
241.9905
274.3506
305.1550
334.2501
254
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2 . 3483+06
255.0000
410.6693
0.0
2.7397+06
432.5909
255.0000
0.0
3.1311+06
255 . 0000
452.8610
0.0
255.0000
3.3495+06
BUB>O.O
463.4916
------------+------------+------------+-----------
255.0000
3 . 5225+06
463 . 7365
2.3952-02
255 . 0000
3 . 913 9+06
464.2370
7 . 8545-02
4 . 3053+06
255.0000
464.6727
0.1336
HEATX HOT-HCURVE:
HOACHEAT HCURVE 1
INDEPENDENT VARIABLE:
PRESSURE PROFILE:
PROPERTY OPTION SET:
HENRY-COMPS ID :
DUTY
CONSTANT
NRTL-RK
HC-l
DUTY
PRES
TEMP
BTU/HR
PSI
RENON (NRTL)
/ REDLICH-KWONG
VFRAC
!============!============!============!============!
245.9153
0.0
556 . 7709
1.0000
-3.9139+05
245.9153
532.4844
1.0000
-7.8277+05
245.9153
508.0415
1.0000
-1.1742+06
245.9153
483.4375
1.0000
245.9153
-1.5655+06
458.6674
1.0000
------------+------------+------------+-----------
-1.9569+06
245.9153
433.7258
1.0000
245 . 9153
408.6071
1.0000
-2.3483+06
-2.7397+06
245.9153
383.3055
1.0000
245.9153
-3.1311+06
357.8145
1.0000
245.9153
-3.5225+06
332.1279
1.0000
------------+------------+------------+---------- -
-3.9139+06
245.9153
306.2390
1.0000
- 4.3053+06
245.9153
1.0000
280.1406
ITEM: HX-210
BLOCK:
H2HEAT
MODEL: HEATX
HOT SIDE:
INLET STREAM:
OUTLET STREAM:
PROPERTY OPTION SET:
HENRY-COMPS ID :
RXH2
RX3
NRTL-RK
HC-l
RENON (NRTL)
REDLICH-KWONG
RENON
/ REDLICH-KWONG
COLD SIDE:
INLET STREAM:
OUTLET STREAM:
PROPERTY OPTION SET:
HENRY-COMPS 10:
H2HOT
NRTL-RK
HC-l
255
(NRTL)
(CONTINUED)
MASS AND ENERGY BALANCE
IN
***
TOTAL BALANCE
MOLE (LBMOL/HR)
MASS (LB/HR
)
ENTHALPY (BTU/HR
7548.63
62598.8
-0.130228E+09
INPUT DATA
***
***
OUT
RELATIVE DIFF.
7548.63
62598.8
-0.130228E+09
O.OOOOOOE+OO
O.OOOOOOE+OO
-0.228848E-15
***
30
0.00010000
30
0.00010000
1.0000
1.00000
5.0000
8.0000
PSI
PSI
OVERALL RESULTS
149.6937
149.6937
149 . 6937
149 . 6937
149 . 6937
149 . 6937
149.6937
149.6937
149 . 6937
***
STREAMS :
---- >
RXH2
T= 5.56810+02
P= 2.50920+02
V= 1.00000+00
HOT
-- - >
RX3
T= 2.80140+02
P= 2.45920+02
V= 1.00000+00
<----
H2HOT
T= 4.77610+02
P= 2.54820+02
V= 1.00000+00
COLD
<----
7
T=
P=
V=
BTU/HR
SQFT
256
8740987.0580
745.1360
2.02600+02
2.62820+02
1.00000+00
BTU/HR-SQFT-R
149.6937
1.0000
78.3649
PSI
PSI
***
ZONE RESULTS
5.0000
8.0000
***
VAP
RXH2
RX3
1------>
------>
556.8
280.1
VAP
H2HOT
1< - ----
<-----
477.6
202.6
COLD
ZONE HEAT TRANSFER AND AREA:
ZONE
1
HEAT DUTY
BTU/HR
8740987.058
H2HEAT
INDEPENDENT VARIABLE:
PRESSURE PROFILE:
PROPERTY OPTION SET:
HENRY-COMPS ID:
DTLM
AREA
SQFT
745.1360
78.3649
AVERAGE U
BTU/HR-SQFT-R
149.6937
HCURVE 1
DUTY
CONSTANT
NRTL-RK
HC-1
DUTY
PRES
TEMP
BTU/HR
PSI
VFRAC
!============!============!============!============!
0.0
254.8160
202.6189
1.0000
7.9464+05
254.8160
228.0044
1.0000
1.5893+06
254.8160
253.2984
1.0000
2.3839+06
254.8160
278.5066
1.0000
3.1785+06
254.8160
303.6343
1.0000
- ---- - ------+------------+------------+------ - ----
3.9732+06
254.8160
328.6863
1 . 0000
4.7678+06
254 . 8160
1.0000
353.6667
5.5624+06
254.8160
378.5795
1 . 0000
257
7.9464+06 !
254.8160 !
452.9430 !
l . 0000 !
254.8160 !
477.6140 !
8 . 7410+06 !
l . 0000 !
HEATX HOT-HCURVE:
H2HEAT
INDEPENDENT VARIABLE:
PRESSURE PROFILE:
PROPERTY OPTION SET:
HENRY-COMPS ID:
HCURVE 1
DUTY
CONSTANT
NRTL-RK
RENON (NRTL)
HC-1
DUTY
PRES
TEMP
BTU/HR
PSI
/ REDLICH-KWONG
VFRAC
!============!============!============!============!
0.0
245.9153
556.7709
1.0000
-7.9464+05
245.9153
532.4844
1.0000
-1.5893+06
245.9153
508.0415
1.0000
-2.3839+06
245.9153
483.4375
1.0000
-3.1785+06
245.9153
458.6674
1.0000
!------------+------------+------------+------------!
-3.9732+06
245.9153
433.7258
1.0000 !
-4.7678+06
408.6071
245.9153
1.0000
-5.5624+06
383.3055
245.9153
1.0000
245.9153
357.8145
-6.3571+06
1.0000
-7.1517+06
245.9153
332.1279
1.0000
! -7 . 9464+06 !
245.9153 !
306.2390 !
1.0000 !
245.9153 !
280.1406 !
1.0000 !
! -8.7410+06 !
ITEM: HX-530
BLOCK:
HOT SIDE:
INLET STREAM:
OUTLET STREAM:
PROPERTY OPTION SET:
HENRY-COMPS ID:
COLD SIDE:
SOLV
SOLVCOOL
NRTL-RK
RENON (NRTL)
HC - 1
INLET STREAM:
OUTLET STREAM:
PROPERTY OPTION SET:
HENRY-COMPS ID:
CW2
CW20
NRTL-RK
HC-1
***
TOTAL BALANCE
MOLE (LBMOL/HR)
MASS (LB/HR
)
ENTHALPY (BTU/HR
RENON (NRTL)
/ REDLICH-KWONG
/ REDLICH-KWONG
258
***
OUT
RELATIVE DIFF.
7514 . 65
169733.
-0.973747E+09
O.OOOOOOE+OO
O.OOOOOOE+OO
-0.244847E-15
(CONTINUED)
***
INPUT DATA
***
TWO
PHASE
FLASH
CONVERGENCE TOLERANCE
30
0 . 00010000
TWO
PHASE
FLASH
CONVERGENCE TOLERANCE
30
0.00010000
COUNTERCURRENT
HEAT EXCHANGER
SPECIFIED VALUE
F
PRESSURE SPECIFICATION:
158.0000
1.00000
PSI
PSI
6.0000
8.0000
OVERALL RESULTS
149.6937
149.6937
149.6937
149.6937
149.6937
149.6937
149.6937
149.6937
149.6937
***
STREAMS:
HOT
1
1--- -- > SOLVCOOL
COLD
P= 3.1800D+01
1
V=
O.OOOOD+OO
1
1
1<----- CW2
SOLV
----->1
T= 2.6266D +02
1
P= 3.78000+01
1
V= 0.00000+00
1
CW20
<-----1
T= 1.19940+02
I
P= 2.20000+01
I
V= 0.00000+00
T=
T=
P=
V=
1
1
BTU/HR
SQFT
BTU/HR-SQFT-R
LMTD (CORRECTED)
F
259
1.5800D+02
9.0000D+01
3.0000D+01
O.OOOOD+OO
3029016.5758
200.7657
14 9.6937
1.0000
100.78 80
PSI
PSI
***
ZONE RESULTS
6.0000
8.0000
***
SOLV
SOLVCOOL
----- >
262.7
LIQ
CW20
<-----
119.9
LIQ
1------ >
1 158.0
1
1 CW2
1<-----
90.0
1
1
COLD
ZONE HEAT TRANSFER AND AREA:
ZONE
1
HEAT DUTY
BTU!HR
3029016.576
AREA
SQFT
200.7657
DTLM
F
100.7880
AVERAGE U
BTUjHR-SQFT-R
149.6937
SOLVHEAT HCURVE 1
HEATX HOT-HCURVE:
INDEPENDENT VARIABLE:
PRESSURE PROFILE:
PROPERTY OPTION SET:
HENRY-COMPS ID:
DUTY
CONSTANT
NRTL - RK
HC-l
DUTY
PRES
TEMP
BTU!HR
PSI
RENON (NRTL)
REDLICH-KWONG
VFRAC
!============!============!============!============!
31. 8000
252.2654
1.4239-02
0.0
31 . 8000
-2.7537+05
252.0160
2.1447-03
-3.2425+05
31.8000
251.9706
BUB >O.O
31.8000
-5.5073+05
244.4048
0.0
-8.2610+05
31.8000
235.1265
0.0
!------------+---------- - -+------------+------------!
-1.1015+06
31.8000
225.7630
0.0
31.8000
-1.3768+06
216.3158
0.0
31.8000
206.7872
-1.6522+06
0.0
31.8000
-1.9276+06
197.1795
0 .0
31. 8000
-2.2029+06
187.4945
0.0
!------------+------------+------------+------------!
-2.4783+06
31.8000!
177.7345
0.0
! -2.7537+06 !
31.8000 !
167.9023 !
0.0
31.8000 !
! -3.0290+06 !
158.0000 !
0.0
260
BLOCK:
COOLDIS
MODEL: HEATX
HOT SIDE:
INLET STREAM:
OUTLET STREAM:
PROPERTY OPTION SET:
HENRY-COMPS ID:
COLD SIDE:
INLET STREAM:
OUTLET STREAM:
PROPERTY OPTION SET:
HENRY-COMPS ID :
***
13
14
NRTL-RK
HC-1
CW3
CW30
NRTL-RK
HC-1
RENON (NRTL)
TOTAL BALANCE
MOLE (LBMOL/HR)
MASS (LB/HR
)
ENTHALPY (BTU/HR
16385.7
317000.
-0.202855E+10
***
INPUT DATA
***
OUT
RELATIVE DIFF.
16385.7
317000.
-0.202855E+10
O.OOOOOOE+OO
O.OOOOOOE+OO
O.OOOOOOE+OO
***
30
0.00010000
30
0.00010000
113.0000
1.00000
PSI
PSI
***
/ REDLICH-KWONG
OVERALL RESULTS
***
261
3.0000
5.0000
149 . 6937
149.6937
149.6937
149.6937
149.6937
149.6937
149.6937
149.6937
149.6937
(CONTINUED)
----- >
13
T=
P=
V=
----- > 14
HOT
2.1413D+02
3.9000D+01
1.0459D-01
T=
P=
V=
<----
CW30
T= 1.0408D+02
P= 2.5000D+01
O.OOOOD+OO
V=
COLD
T=
P=
V=
149.6937
1.0000
55.6049
PSI
PSI
***
ZONE RESULTS
9.0000D+01
3.0000D+01
O.OOOOD+OO
3689136.6989
443.2090
BTU/HR
SQFT
1.1300D+02
3.6000D+01
O.OOOOD+OO
3.0000
5.0000
***
COND
13
14
1------>
------>
214.1
113.0
CW30
LIQ
CW3
1<-----
<-----
104.1
90.0
I
COLD
ZONE HEAT TRANSFER AND AREA:
ZONE
1
HEAT DUTY
BTU/HR
3689136.699
AREA
SQFT
443 . 2090
262
DTLM
F
55.6049
AVERAGE U
BTU/HR-SQFT-R
149.6937
BLOCK:
B2
MODEL: VALVE
INLET STREAM:
OUTLET STREAM:
PROPERTY OPTION SET:
HENRY-COMPS ID:
***
DFEED
NRTL-RK
HC-l
RENON (NRTL)
/ REDLICH-KWONG
TOTAL BALANCE
MOLE (LBMOL/HR)
MASS (LB/HR
)
ENTHALPY (BTU/HR
2598.04
105380.
-0.389504E+09
***
INPUT DATA
PSI
***
OUT
RELATIVE DIFF.
2598.01
105380.
-0.389505E+09
o .111286E-04
0.838604E-05
0.371189E-05
***
43.5113
NO
FLASH SPECIFICATIONS:
NPHASE
MAX NUMBER OF ITERATIONS
CONVERGENCE TOLERANCE
***
RESULTS
PSI
30
0.00010000
***
186.389
ITEM: CP-4l0
BLOCK:
COMP
MODEL : COMPR
INLET STREAM:
OUTLET STREAM:
PROPERTY OPTION SET:
HENRY-COMPS ID:
***
NRTL-RK
HC-l
RENON (NRTL)
/ REDLICH-KWONG
TOTAL BALANCE
MOLE (LBMOL/HR)
MASS (LB/HR
)
ENTHALPY (BTU/HR
4235.72
20404.3
-0.343117E+08
***
INPUT DATA
***
OUT
RELATIVE DIFF.
4235.67
20402.4
-0.327405E+08
0.971472E-05
0.926774E-04
-0 . 457894E-Ol
***
262.816
0.72000
1.00000
RESULTS ***
HP
HP
HP
HP
263
616.427
616.427
616.427
443.828
202.604
188.534
0.72000
1.00000
43,033.1
1.37282
131,634.
115,460.
1.00658
1.00800
1.38721
1.37402
1.61390
1.59665
ITEM: P-110
BLOCK: HOACPUMP MODEL: PUMP
INLET STREAM:
OUTLET STREAM:
PROPERTY OPTION SET:
HENRY-COMPS ID:
***
HOACMIX
2
NRTL-RK
HC-1
RENON (NRTL)
/ REDLICH-KWONG
TOTAL BALANCE
MOLE (LBMOL/HR)
MASS (LB/HR
)
ENTHALPY (BTU/HR
723.090
42571.9
-0.138556E+09
***
INPUT DATA
***
OUT
RELATIVE DIFF.
723.090
42571.9
-0.138493E+09
O.OOOOOOE+OO
O.OOOOOOE+OO
-0.457815E-03
***
263.000
1.00000
30
0 . 00010000
*** RESULTS
VOLUMETRIC FLOW RATE CUFT/HR
PRESSURE CHANGE PSI
NPSH AVAILABLE
FT-LBF/LB
FLUID POWER HP
BRAKE POWER HP
ELECTRICITY KW
PUMP EFFICIENCY USED
NET WORK REQUIRED HP
***
719.600
248.300
1.90509
12.9947
24.9302
18.5904
0.52124
24.9302
ITEM: P-540
BLOCK:
SOLVPUMP MODEL: PUMP
INLET STREAM:
OUTLET STREAM:
PROPERTY OPTION SET:
HENRY-COMPS ID:
***
TOTAL BALANCE
MOLE (LBMOL/HR)
MASS (LB/HR
)
ENTHALPY (BTU/HR
SOLVCOOL
SOLVENT
NRTL-RK
HC-1
RENON (NRTL)
/ REDLICH-KWONG
264
***
OUT
RELATIVE DIFF.
1550 . 00
62277.9
-0.245420E+09
O.OOOOOOE+OO
O . OOOOOOE+OO
- 0.283578E-03
(CONTINUED)
***
INPUT DATA
OUTLET PRESSURE PSI
DRIVER EFFICIENCY
FLASH SPECIFICATIONS:
LIQUID PHASE CALCULATION
NO FLASH PERFORMED
MAXIMUM NUMBER OF ITERATIONS
TOLERANCE
***
RESULTS
VOLUMETRIC FLOW RATE CUFT/HR
PRESSURE CHANGE PSI
NPSH AVAILABLE
FT-LBF/LB
FLUID POWER HP
BRAKE POWER HP
ELECTRICITY KW
PUMP EFFICIENCY USED
NET WORK REQUIRED HP
***
235.000
1.00000
30
0.00010000
* **
1,055.61
203.200
64.8476
15.6000
27 . 3599
20 . 4023
0.57018
27.3599
ITEM: P-600
BLOCK:
INLET STREAM:
OUTLET STREAM:
PROPERTY OPTION SET:
HENRY-COMPS ID:
***
ACOH
ACOHFEED
NRTL-RK
HC-1
RENON (NRTL)
***
IN
OUT
RELATIVE DIFF.
743.209
29861.6
-0.116257E+09
743.209
29861.6
-0.116244E+09
O.OOOOOOE+OO
O.OOOOOOE+OO
-0 . 112453E-03
INPUT DATA
***
100.000
1.00000
FLASH SPECIFICATIONS:
LIQUID PHASE CALCULATION
NO FLASH PERFORMED
MAXIMUM NUMBER OF ITERATIONS
TOLERANCE
30
0.00010000
***
RESULTS
VOLUMETRIC FLOW RATE CUFT/HR
PRESSURE CHANGE PSI
NPSH AVAILABLE
FT-LBF/LB
FLUID POWER HP
BRAKE POWER HP
ELECTRICITY KW
PUMP EFFICIENCY USED
NET WORK REQUIRED HP
ITEM: P-620
BLOCK:
INLET STREAM:
OUTLET STREAM:
/ REDLICH-KWONG
ETACREC
ETACREC2
265
***
550 . 937
62 . 2000
0.0
2.49224
5.13808
3.83147
0.48505
5.13808
NRTL-RK
HC-1
RENON (NRTL)
/ REDLICH-KWONG
TOTAL BALANCE
MOLE (LBMOL/HR)
)
MASS (LB/HR
ENTHALPY (BTU/HR
350.000
22326.3
-0.601971E+08
***
INPUT DATA
***
OUT
RELATIVE DIFF.
350.000
22326.3
-0.601865E+08
O.OOOOOOE+OO
O.OOOOOOE+OO
-0.176154E-03
***
98.0000
1.00000
30
0.00010000
***
RESULTS
VOLUMETRIC FLOW RATE CUFT/HR
PRESSURE CHANGE PSI
FT-LBF/LB
NPSH AVAILABLE
FLUID POWER HP
BRAKE POWER HP
ELECTRICITY KW
PUMP EFFICIENCY USED
NET WORK REQUIRED HP
***
399.522
63.0000
74.7222
1 . 83054
4.16750
3.10771
0.43924
4.16750
ITEM: P-730
BLOCK:
RECYPUMP MODEL: PUMP
INLET STREAM:
OUTLET STREAM:
PROPERTY OPTION SET:
HENRY-COMPS ID:
***
TOTAL BALANCE
MOLE (LBMOL/HR)
MASS (LB/HR
)
ENTHALPY (BTU/HR
21
20
NRTL-RK
HC-1
RENON (NRTL)
/ REDLICH-KWONG
***
INPUT DATA ***
OUTLET PRESSURE PSI
DRIVER EFFICIENCY
FLASH SPECIFICATIONS:
LIQUID PHASE CALCULATION
NO FLASH PERFORMED
MAXIMUM NUMBER OF ITERATIONS
TOLERANCE
***
RESULTS ***
VOLUMETRIC FLOW RATE CUFT/HR
PRESSURE CHANGE PSI
NPSH AVAILABLE
FT-LBF/LB
FLUID POWER HP
BRAKE POWER HP
266
***
OUT
RELATIVE DIFF.
85.1205
5111.13
-0.137811E+08
O.OOOOOOE+OO
O.OOOOOOE+OO
-0.681635E-04
40.0000
1.00000
30
0.00010000
98.1015
15.3000
1.29537
0.10916
0.36921
(CONTINUED)
ELECTRICITY KW
PUMP EFFICIENCY USED
NET WORK REQUIRED HP
ITEM: P-730
0 .2 7532
0.29566
0.36921
267
268
69Z
:U XIUN3:ddV
270
CH 3 -COOH + H2
Side reactions:
(1)
CH 3-COOH + H2 ~ CH 3 CH 20H + H 20
(2)
(3)
2 CH 3-COOH + 2 H2
CH 3 -CHO + H 20
~~
CH r COO-CH 2-CH 3 + H 20
CH3-CO-CH3 + CH 4 +H 20
271
Your company has asked your group to detennine whether this new technology should be
used in your Gulf Coast plant. Your job is to design a process and plant to produce 100 MM lb/yr
of acetaldehyde from acetic acid, which is available on the site. Based on past experience, you
know that you will have to defend any decisions you have made throughout the design, and the
best defense is the economic justification.
Assume a U.S. Gulf Coast location on the same site as a large chemical plant.
Acetaldehyde can be sold for $0.18/Ib. However, ifMTVE is legislated out of gasoline, that
price might drop to $0.12/Ib. Test your economics with both prices, and make appropriate
recommendations. Hydrogen can be purchased over the plant fence for %0.50/Ib at 200 psig.
Ethanol, if99.95% pure, can be sold (on an excise tax-free basis) for $2.50/gal; however, the
ethanol-water azeotrope can also be sold into the fuel market for $1.60/gal. You may sell either
or both grades of ethanol, depending on which is most economical to produce. Ethyl acetate can
be sold for $0.60/Ib. Acetone can be sold for $0.20/Ib. You will need storage tanks, truck or
railcar loading stations, etc., for each byproduct that you sell, or you may burn them in the boiler
for fuel value. Byproducts sold much also meet nonnal purity specs for that chemical. All prices
listed are in 2002 dollars.
The plant design should be as environmentally friendly as possible. Recover and recycle
process materials to the maximum economic extent. Also, energy consumption should be
minimized, to the extent economically justified. The plant design must also be controllable and
safe to operate. Remember that you will be there for the start-up and will have to live with
whatever design decisions you have made.
272
tLZ
:3XIGN3ddV
274
[11]
[19]
Thstun et at
)
[45J
US006121498A
6,121,498
Sep.19,2000
Patent Number:
Date of Patent:
--',.,
'.
[73]
"[21]
[22]
Filed:
502/326; 502/339
[58] Field of Search ..................................... 568/420, 401;
502/300, 325, 339
[56]
Smith
wa teI.
References Cited
U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
ABSTRACT
[57]
OlliER PUBLICATIONS
10
18
FEED
'\.
-., )
275
I ' "~-~'':'''-'19
6,121,498
Page 2
OlliER PUBLICAl"10NS
Pestrnan, et aI., "Identification of the Active Sites in .tbe
Selective Hydorgenation of Acetic Acid to Acetaldehyde on
Iron Oxide Catalysts", Journal of Catalysis, vol. 174, 1998,
pp. 142-152.
Pestman, et ai., "Reactions of Carboxylic Acids on Oxides",
Journal of Catalysis, vol. 168, 1997, pp. 255-264.
276
LLl
11
-n
....
Gl
co
It;:)
-u
:0
OI
0
co
(")
-I
86r'rZy'9
OOOZ'6I' da S
'-.'.,/!'
FIG. 2
00
43
rn
35
L_
32
', '
DE
I ~Q I
ro
~ EtOAc
42
...,.
EI
54
00
(I)
1'='
I-'
~\O
"00
FROM
REACTION
SECTION
)
30
AC
/.
~38
,I
I
~5
~
ZR
tv
0
Q
0
I I
I~C~
I
")
55
ER
en
::;;r'
~
(I)
f'+
tv
Cj
"'..
SS
I I
51
Iwl.
tv
0\
WR
47
50
""~
l~
~
'".t
\C
{)e
6,121,498
1
"
(I) CR,C0 2 H + H 2
....
CH,CHO +
H 20
27~
6,121,498
3
. :"
4
that there is an optimum Pt level, and tbat increasing the Pt
level above 1.25 atomic % actually decreases the selectivity.
Although the acetic acid hydrogenation process studied
by Ponec and coworkers is very selective to acetaldehyde, it
5 is impractical as a commerciaiway to produce acetaldehyde.
The impracticality stems from the need to isolate and collect
acetaldehyde (normal boiling point-19-20 C.) from a
vapor stream where it is present in maximum concentrations
of 2-3% (or less, depending on tbe conversion) at about 1
10 bar pressure. Water and byproducts must be removed from
the mixture, and bydrogen and unconverted acetic acid must
be recycled to the reactor. These operations require that the
temperature be lowered considerably from the 300--4000 C.
reaction temperature. A practical process requires much
15 lower hydrogen/acetic acid ratios and much higher reaction
pressures than used by Po nee.
SUMMARY OF mE INVENTION
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
280
6,121,498
5
,
''''.
A~,
.
FIG. 2 is an schematic representation of components used
to recover acetic acid.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF TIlE
PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The present invention will now be described with pre
ferred embodiments and examples which are given by way
of example only, not limitation.
A specific embodiment of the process of the invention
consists of two main sections: a reaction section and a
recovery section shown schematically in FIGS. 1 and 2,
respectively. Acetic acid is converted to acetaldehyde and
water with excess hydrogen in the reaction section over a
catalyst containing iron and palladium in a fiXed-bed reactor
RX. The acetaldehyde product is recovered via distillation D
after absorption A using the acetic acid-rich distillation
bottoms as a solvent after cooling S.
Referring to FIG. 1, stream 3 is a feed to the reactor RX
containing acetic and hydrogen. Although a 1-to-1 molar
ratio is stoichiometrically sufficient for producing
acetaldehyde, an excess of hydrogen is supplied in feed 3.
The reactor RX contains an iron oxide/palladium catalysl.
Before the feed is supplied to the reactor, it is heated with
furnace F and reactor preheater PH. The product of reactor
RX is fed to an absorber A This product is hot and is cooled
in feed effluent exchanger FE. Feed effluent exchanger FE
also serves to preheat the feed 3 to the reactor. The product
of reactor RX is substantially gaseous. Absorber A is used to
liquify the acetaldehyde and other prodUCts. Cooled product
4 supplied to the absorber A and acetic acid feed 7 is also
supplied. Acetic acid from feed 7 captures the products and
allows hydrogen to pass via stream 6. A portion of the
hydrogen is recycled via stream 10, recycle compressor RC
and stream 13. Another portion of the hydrogen is purged via
stream 9, and tbis maintains the purity of hydrogen. Recycle
compressor RC compresses the hydrogen. Reactor RX and
absorber A operate under pressure. The pressure in absorber
A is from pressurized product in stream 4 and from pump
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
PU.
,)
45
50
55
60
65
281
Ii.
6,121,498
'.
282
6,121,498
10
,.
depends on the other p~r~eters descnbed p~eviously. ~enerally ~e space veloc.lt~ IS chosen to proVlde the deSired
converSIon. The selecuvlty to acetal~ehyde decreases as the
acetic acid cODversion increases. This effect can be. ~re~ter
at very .low hydr.ogen levels because once ~he equilibnum
conversIOn level IS reached any further reachon converts the
acetaldehyde into ethanol and ethyl acetate. Under th~ mo~t
preferred conditions of temperature, hydrogen to acetic aCid
" aCId pressure It..IS pre erre d t0
ratio and hydrogen plus acehc
keep the acetic acid conversion below SO% if acetaldehyde
is the main product desired. If greater amounts of ethyl
acetate are desired, then it is possible to operate the reaction
so that the acetic acid conversion approaches 100%.
Separation of the reactor eflluent into product and uncon
verted reactant streams requires a number of steps. In the
preferred embodiment, the firSt step is the absorption in
absorber A of acetaldehyde and compounds boiling higher
to
ar.
50
EXAMPLES
60
65
283
6,121,498
11
12
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
284
6,121,498
14
13
285
6,121,498
15
16
0
10
20
40
hydrocarbons is very low under the high-pressure low
Calalyst /'10 .
4
7
8
5
. hydrogen conditions. The example further illustrates that
19
96
99
% HOAc Conv.
26
98
81
ethyl acetate is a significant product under the high-pressure
280
499
157
79
45
Wt%Pd
%HOAc Conv.
G/(l-lu:) HAc
% HAc sel.
%acetone sel.
% EtOH seL
%CH., sel.
% C2 H. e. sel."
%HOAc accl'"
25
54
597
78
0.8
15
4 .6
1.0
91
50
621
79
0.8
15
4.1
0.9
107
52
656
77
0.9
17
4.4
0.9
103
50
698
80
0.8
14
3.8
0.8
103
45
59
51
48
45
674
748
694
527
662
82
84
84
73
84
0.7
0.6
0.6
1.6
0.7
12
10
9
9
18
6.1
5.2
5.7
5.9
5.9
1.6
0.7
0.6
0.7
0.6
97
101
101
102
105
0.2
g catalyst,
300'
e.
Example 7
TABLE 3
This example illustrales the integx.ated process of the 45
5
10
Wt%Pd
the reaction is 89% selective to acetaldehyde, 5% selective
to ethanol lethyl acetate, 4% selective to acetone and C02,
98
92
97
91
% HOAc Coov.
and 2% selective to hydrocarbons at 45% acetic acid con
773
994
642
779
G/(l-br) HAc
version. Ethanol is converted to ethyl acetate as dictated by
52
47
68
% HAcsel."
36
the chemical equilibrium conditions in the bottom of the 55
1.0
1.0
1.1
0.9
%acetone scI.
acetaldehyde recovery column (1). Optional sulfuric acid
27
44
40
39
% EtOH sel.
catalyst can be used 10 facilitate the attainment of the
3.4
14
5.4
11
% CH. scI.
ethanol-acetic acid-water-ethyl acetate equilibrium. The
2.6
0.6
3.7
1.0
% C, B.C. sel.
heat and material balances for the process of the invention 60
103
103
98
98
% HOAc aeel.
operating in this mode are provided in Tables 7 and 8.
Conditions: 90 SCCM H2 conlaining 2 mol % HOAc, 0.2 g catalyst, JOO
While the invention has been descnbed in connection
with the preferred embodiments and examples, it will be
c.
understood that modifications within the principle outlined
'Selectivities are normalized.
above will be evident to those skilled in the art. Thus, the 65 "c, Hydrocarbons ~ ethylene + ethane.
invention is not limited to the preferred embodiments and
"'Acetic acid accountability.
examples, but is intended to encompass such modifications.
286
"
6,121,498
17
18
"
TABLE 4
Effect of Cbanging tbe Mole Fraction of Acetic Acid in Hydrogen
5350
90
73000
0.057
38
1003
S7
1.1
8.0
3.2
0.6
86
TfOS,}nin."'
SCCM H2
GHSV, hr- '
X HOAC
% HOAc conv.
Gf(l-br) HAc
% HAc sel.
% Acetone sel.
% EtOH sel.
% CH. sel.
% C, R C. sel.
% HOAc acct.
7033
30
24000
0.095
31
283
87
1.1
6.8
4.8
0.8
82
7141
90
73000
0.095
16
497
89
0.9
5.3
3.9
0.5
91
8134
90
73000
0.026
66
740
79
0.9
15.8
3.7
0.7
92
9291
90
73000
0.20
16
899
90
1.8
5.8
1.8
0.4
95
8886
90
73000
0.20
23
523
87
2.5
7.5
2.7
0.2
81
9328
25
20000
0.20
17
338
89
3.9
4.6
1.9
0.3
96
9396
25
20000
0.20 '
,~. ,:
26
407
89
3.0
5.4
2.2
0.6
89
TABLE 5
TABLE 6
25
Pd/F~03
TIOS min
J
1739
2089
22
10
3350
970
TrOSt min
512
% HOAcConv.
Gf(l-hr) HAc
2318
3530
2600
46
42
38
1530
2125
2175
H,fHOAc
;>,(
534
30
. GHSV, hr-l
% HOAc Conv.
2600
% HAc sel.
77.9
62.7
% acetone sel.
1.5
4.6
% HAc sel."
86.4
77.1
% EtOHoel.
15.0
16.2
% acetone sei.
1.7
1.3
1.5
% EtOAc sel.
4.6
15.5
% EtOH sel.
9.6
15.9
J5 .2
0.7
0.7
% EtOAc sel.
2.1
5.6
6.3
0.1
% CH. sel.
0.1
<0..1
<0.1
% C:zll C. 8el.
<0.1
<0.1
ca.
%
sel.
% C, RC. sel.
0.2
Gf(l-hr) HAc
35
40
Conditions: 300 C.
'TIOS total time on stream under hydrogen and acetic acid feed.
"Selectivities are normalized
"'c, Hydrocarbons -
77.0
"!TOS - total time on stream under bydrogen and acetic acid feed
45 Selectivities are normalized.
"Cz
etbylene + ethane.
TABLE 7
HOAc Hydrogenation Reaction Section Balance
Stream
. J
11
Temperature C
Pressure BAR
Vapor Frnction
Mole Flow KGMOUHR
Mass Flow KGIHR
\blume Flow M3/HR
Enthalpy MJIHR
Mole Flow KGMOUHR
67.3
19.0
0.848
4982
63088
6348
-3888JO
HOAC
H2
HAC
METHANE
ACETONE
ETHANOL
742.54
3742.14
33.21
358.78
2.59
0.23
18
19
23
30
31
33
36
77.6
19.0
1.000
3845
18807
5914
-57092
37.8
6.9
1.000
22
510
84
-2J48
37.8
6.9
0.000
318
13455
18
-61647
167.8
6.6
0.010
4466
183638
465
-1624722
167.8
6.6
0.010
737
30312
77
-268188
167.8
6.6
0.010
3729
153325
389
-1356535
37.8
2.8
0.000
3729
153325
155
-1397118
66.7
19.0
0.847
4982
63086
6333
-388610
15.63
3332.30
33.21
356.76
2.59
0.23
0.00
5.28
5.94
8.40
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.05
293.39
2.95
0.06
0.00
2265.66
0 .00
0.30
0.00
26.65
6.11
373.98
0.00
0.05
0.00
4.40
1.01
1891.67
0.00
0.25
0.00
22.25
5.10
1891.67
0.00
0.25
0.00
22.25
5.10
748.43
3742.14
33.21
358.76
2.59
6.12
13
287
6,121,498
19
20
,-.--
"
TABLE 7-continued
------ 1
ETIIEI'!
H2O
CO2
ITOAC
Mass Fraction
HOAC
H2
HAC
METHANE
ACErONE
ETHANOL
ETIIENE
H2O
CO2
ETOAC
11
13
18
19
28.43
28.98
39.37
5.89
28.43
28.98
39.37
5.89
1.28
0.11
1.49
0.00
2.18
16.85
2.61
0.00
0.7070
0.1200
0.0230
0.0910
0.0020
0.0002
0.0130
0.0080
0.0270
0.0080
0.0500
0.3610
0.0790
0.3090
0.0080
0.0008
0.0430
0.0280
0.0930
0.0280
0.0000
0.0210
0.5130
0.2840
0.0000
0.0000
0.0700
0.0040
0.1280
0.0000
23
0.00
2071.76
0.00
95.49
0.7410
0.0000
0.0001
0.0000
0.0080
0.0020
0.0000
0.2030
0.0000
0.0460
36
33
0.00
1729.78
0.00
79.73
0.00
341.98
0.00
15.76
0.7410
0.0000
0.0001
0.0000
0.0080
0.0020
0.0000
0.2030
0.0000
0.0460
0.0000
0.0000
0.9610
0.0040
0.0003
0.0000
0.0050
0.0230
0.0090
0.0000
31 .
30
0.00
1729.78
0.00
79.73
0.7410
0.0000
0.0001
0.0000
0.0080
0.0020
0.0000
0.2030
0.0000
0.0460
28.43
23.09
39.37
0.00
0.7410
0.0000
0.0001
0 .0000
0.0080
0.0020
0.0000
0.2030
0.0000
0.0460
0.7120
0.1200
0.0230
0.0910
0.0020
0.0040
0.0130
0.0070
0.0270
0.0000
TABLE 8
HOAc
Hydro~nation
12
Temperarue C
Pressure BAR
Vapor Fraction
Mole Flow KGMOllHR
Mass Flow KG/HR
\-blum. Flow M3/HR
Enlhalpy MJ/HR
Mole Flow KGMOllHR
167.8
8.8
0.006
737.5
3032.3
61.4
-268378
96.8
2.1
1.000
1490.7
87620
22170.6
-515645
141.5
2.1
0.000
382.8
22466
24.8
-169455
43.3 .
2.1
0.000
1136.1
79762
89.5
-473168
43.3
2.1
0.000
1198.6
84156
94.4
-499232
43.3
2.1
0.000
353.3
7270
7.6
-102244
43.3
2.1
0.000
62.6
4394
4.9
-26065
102.2
2.1
0.000
16.9
1445
1.B
-7813
HOAC
ACETONE
ETHANOL
H2O
ETOAC
HAC
Mass Fraction
374.10
4.40
1.01
342.15
15.77
0.05
25.00
82.96
9.91
238.03
779.28
0.87
26.38
87.53
10.46
251.14
822.21
0.92
2.41
4.96
1.60
336.28
798
0.05
1.38
4.57
0.55
13.11
42.93
0.05
Saeam
HOAC
ACErONE
ETHANOL
H2O
ITOAC
HAC
0.7410
0.0080
0.0020
0.2030
0.0460
0.0001
28.74
8736
10.92
587.71
795.05
0.92
0.0200
0.0580
0.0060
0,1170
0.'7990
0.0005
370.36
0.00
0.00
12.47
0.00
0.00
0.9900
0.0000
0.0000
0.0100
0.0000
0.0000
0.0190
0.0600
0.0060
0.0540
0.8610
0.0005
50
What is clainled is:
1. A method of producii:Jg acetaldehyde, comprising the
steps of:
(a) hydrogenating acetic acid at a pressure between about
5 and 50 bars in the presence of an iron oxide catalyst
containing between 20 and 90 WI % palladium to 55
produce a gaseous product; and
(b) absorbing acetaldehyde from the gaseous product with
a solvent containing acetic acid.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the catalyst
contains between 20 and 80 WI % palladium.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the catalyst 60
contains between 20 and 60 wt % palladium.
4. The method according to claim 1, further comprising
the step of supplying bydrogen and acetic acid to a reactor
in a hydrogen to acetic acid ratio of 2:1 to 25:1.
S.The method according to claim 1, further comprising 65
the step of supplying bydrogen and acetic acid to a reactor
in a hydrogen to acetic acid ratio of 3: 1 to 15: 1.
0.0190
0.0600
0.0060
0.0540
0.8610
0.0005
0.0200
0.0400
0.0100
0.8330
0.0970
0.0003
0.0190
0.0600
0.0060
0.0540
0.8610
0.0005
1.3 6
0.09
0.01
am
15.41
0.00
0.0570
0.0040
0.0004
0.0001
0.9390
0.0000
288
6,121,498
21
.\
.(
22
from tbe mixture of ethyl acetate, water, acetic acid and
acetone using decantation, steam stripping and distillation .
25. Tile method according to claim 16, wherein step (c)
produces acetaldehyde product and a mixture containing
acetic acid, a portion of the nllxture containing acetic acid
being used in step (b) as the solvent for absorbing acetal
dehyde.
26. A process for the preparation and recovery of acetal
dehyde comprising the steps of:
10
(a) contacting within a reactor zone hydrogen and acetic
acid with a hydrogen to acetic acid molar ratio of less
than 25 in the presence of an iron oxide catalyst
containing between 20 and 90 wt. % palladium at
temperatures between 250 and 400 0 C. and pressures
15
between 5 and 50 bar;
(b) absorbing the reaction product in acetic acid-rich
solvent and returning a major portion of the uncon
densed gases to the reactor zone;
(c) distilling the acetaldehyde from the acetic acid-rich
20
solvent;
(d) recovering unconverted acetic acid by azeotropic
distillation;
(e) returning the recovered acetic acid to the reactor zone;
25
and
(f) recovering the coproducts water, acetone and ethyl
acetate by decantation, steam stripping and distillation.
27. A method of producing .acetaldehyde, comprising the
steps of:
30
(a) supplying hydrogen and acetic acid to a reactor in a
hydrogen to acetic acid ratio of 2:1 to 25:1; and
(b) hydrogenating acetic acid in the reactor at a pressure
between about 5 and 50 bars and a temperature of about
250 0 C. to 400 c., the hydrogenation being conducted
35
in the presence of an iron oxide catalyst containing
between 20 and 60 WI. % palladium.
* * * * *
289