A Changing of the Guard in Tourism Research Leadership

Prof. Bob McKercher School of Hotel and Tourism Management The Hong Kong Polytechnic University bob.mckercher@polyu.edu.hk January, 2014 Introduction A changing of the guard in tourism research leadership has been noted in the past few years. Many of the foundation scholars who developed the field have retired and, unfortunately, some have passed away. Many second generation scholars are also nearing retirement age or have moved to administrative posts. The third generation of scholars is now beginning to show its influence on tourism publishing. The brief note presents a list of the most highly cited tourisms scholars who have published at least 10 cited works between 2008 and January 2014. This study replicates the method used in an earlier study (McKercher 2008) by using Publish or Perish open access software to analyse the Google Scholar web site. The original study documented the most highly cited scholars over two time periods, 1970 to 2007 and 1998 to 2007, enabling comparison with this study. Method The method involved first, developing a list of prospective candidate authors, and second, tallying their cited outputs and total number of citations. Only those outputs that were cited were included. (Note, the term output is used as Google Scholar uses an automated processing system. Inconsistencies in the way references are written can result in the same item appearing a number of times as ostensibly discrete entries.) A preliminary list of more than 250 prospective candidates was developed by: including all scholars listed in the original 2008 paper, conducting a document search of the Scopus database to identify the leading contributors to approximately 40 tourism and hospitality journals,

reviewing websites of leading publishers to identify authors of books published on or after 2008, and opportunistically identifying co-authors of other highly cited works.

The citation count for each candidate was then calculated using the Author Impact Analysis function of Publish or Perish. For more information on Publish or Perish, please see Harzing (2007). The candidates full name and his or her initials were entered. The results were then cleaned manually to eliminate outputs with zero citations and those from authors with similar names. (For example, B. McKercher identified three different individuals.) In cases where a large number of outputs were identified that possibly matched the candidate's name, a check of that persons website was conducted to ensure accuracy of coverage. In addition, an arbitrary decision was made to include only those scholars who published more than 10 cited outputs between 2008 and 2014. This decision was made to ensure that scholars who were included were both prolific and highly cited. A check of names that did not meet this criterion revealed that all had coauthored their most highly cited work with an author who appears on the list below. The original data set from the 2008 paper was also cleaned to eliminate authors who failed to meet this condition, in order to ensure consistency in comparing results. Two caveats are worth noting. First, while all attempts were made to be a rigorous as possible, there is always a chance that some worthy candidates have not been included or that the citation count may not be accurate. In particular, the citation count for Publish or Perish can vary slightly each time a name is entered. Second, and most importantly, no inferences can be made or implied about scholars whose names do not appear on the list. Results Table 1 lists scholars in descending order by number of citations for each of the three time frames.

Rank

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29

2008 to 2014 Name Cited Outputs Law, Rob 155 Cooper, Chris 28 Hall, C. Michael 118 Buhalis, Dimitrios Gossling, Stefan Fyall, Allan Getz, Don Gretzel, Ulrike Song, Haiyan Jang, Soo Cheng Han, Hee Sup Scott, Daniel Page, Stephen Dolnicar, Sarah Pan, Bing Scott, Noel Ryan, Chris Butler, Richard Qu, Hailin Mattila, Anna Tribe, John Fesenmaier, Dan Brida, Juan Baggio, Rodolfo Newsome, David Li, Gang (U of Surrey) Lee, Choong Ki Kim, Woo Gon Wang, Youcheng 93 78 24 31 75 66 65 37 38 36 66 18 60 61 58 34 57 26 46 88 41 25 24 27 34 35

Cites 2672 2413 1811 1609 1446 1423 1397 1280 1230 1171 1046 1021 967 946 855 839 786 783 745 711 710 709 679 669 664 658 630 618 608

Table 1 50 Most Cited Tourism and Scholars 1998 to 2007 Cited Name Outputs Cites Hall, C. Michael 152 1311 Buhalis, Dimitrios 67 967 Siguaw, Judy 34 668 Williams, Allan 30 654 Bowen, John T. 28 599 Morrison, Alastair 45 565 Mattila, Anna 56 514 Ryan, Chris 45 504 Pritchard, Annette 35 493 Ritchie, J. R. Brent 27 466 Page, Stephen 57 460 Crompton, John 60 454 Kimes, Sheryl 40 444 Law, Rob 64 429 Morgan, Nigel 24 428 Sonmez, Sevil 21 425 McKercher, Bob 55 404 Fesenmaier, Dan 44 386 Graefe, Alan 41 360 Shaw, Gareth 22 353 Timothy, Dallen 51 351 Song, Haiyan 34 340 Baloglu, Seyhmus 17 338 Uysal, Muzaffer 21 337 Weaver, David 33 325 Kozak, Metin 24 320 Witt, Stephen 28 320 Dwyer, Larry 45 318 Bramwell, Bill 35 312

1970 to 2007 Name Crompton, John Urry, John Hall, C. Michael Cohen, Erik Butler, Richard MacCannell, Dean Pearce, Philip Wall, Geoff Pizam, Abraham Pearce, Douglas Uysal, Muzaffer Ritchie, J. R. Brent Getz, Don Ryan, Chris Ashworth, Greg Witt, Stephen Buhalis, Dimitrios Dann, Graham Williams, Allan Morrison, Alastair Fesenmaier, Dan Oppermann, Martin Page, Stephen Graefe, Alan Perdue, Rick Var, Turgut McCleary, Ken Chon, Kaye Bowen, John T. Cited Outputs 249 41 253 62 96 24 80 119 92 98 95 74 87 76 37 85 82 66 55 72 91 61 91 60 40 50 47 67 38 Cites 3382 2626 2530 2216 1841 1614 1470 1457 1426 1316 1307 1277 1250 1176 1114 1089 1046 975 947 929 922 918 864 853 791 765 745 712 695

Rank Name 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 48 43 44 45 46 47 49 50 Dwyer, Larry

2008 to 2014 Cited Outputs 64 46 54 14 35 44 43 20 23 27 51 49 30 29 24 21 25 64 29 23 24 Cites 602 591 581 572 564 556 541 520 513 491 487 478 476 474 469 457 454 452 448 407 402

Karatepe, Osman Becken, Suzanne Litvin, Steve Barros, Carlos Lee, Seoki McKercher, Bob Weaver, David Li, Xiang (Robert) Ballantyne, Roy Wall, Geoff Buckley, Ralf C. Petrick, James Morrison, Alistair Hsu, Cathy Higham, James Baloglu, Seyhmus Prideaux, Bruce Gursoy, Dogan Crouch, Geoff Altinay, Levant

1998 to 2007 Cited Name Outputs Crouch, Geoff 20 Swarbrooke, John 14 Enz, Cathy 30 Kandampully, Jay 25 Getz, Don 33 Butler, Richard 39 Faulkner, Bill 30 Oppermann, Martin 21 Pearce, Douglas 30 Cooper, Chris 16 McCleary, Ken 15 Gursoy, Dogan 27 Wall, Geoff 31 Lynn, Michael 30 Chen, Joseph 26 O'Leary, Joseph 34 Prentice, Richard 15 Richards, Greg 37 Baum, Tom 30 Prideaux, Bruce 38 Lashley, Conrad 41

1970 to 2007 Cites 307 303 301 291 287 283 280 279 277 274 271 266 256 245 255 253 250 248 246 243 240 Name Eadington, William Sheldon, Pauline Wood, Roy C. O'Leary, Joseph Smith, Valene Bramwell, Bill Baum, Tom Shaw, Gareth Woodside, Arch Lindberg, Kreg Hope/Witt/Martin, Christine Cooper, Chris McKercher, Bob Dwyer, Larry Gartner, Bill Graburn, Nelson Prentice, Richard Crouch, Geoff Olsen, Michael Long, Patrick Goeldner, Chuck Cited Outputs 61 38 37 68 31 58 68 53 33 37 34 49 70 76 23 38 42 37 67 19 38 Cites 688 686 673 654 648 630 624 616 612 611 604 600 593 550 588 584 580 578 556 527 522

Table 2 lists scholars alphabetically by the time frame in which their names appear. A total of 102 individuals were identified in all three lists. In total: 13 appear on all three lists, 30 appear on the 2008 to 2014 list for the first time, 7 appear both on the 1998 to 2007 and 2008 to 2014 lists,

14 appear exclusively on the 1998 to 2007 list, 21 appear exclusively on the 1970 to 2007 list, 17 appear on both the 1970 to 2007 and 1998 to 2007 lists.

Table 2 Frequency of Appearance (Ordered alphabetically) Name Buhalis, Dimitrios Butler, Richard Cooper, Chris Crouch, Geoff Dwyer, Larry Fesenmaier, Dan Getz, Don Hall, C. Michael McKercher, Bob Morrison, Alistair Page, Stephen Ryan, Chris Wall, Geoff Baloglu, Seyhmus Gursoy, Dogan Law, Rob Mattila, Anna Prideaux, Bruce Song, Haiyan Weaver, David Altinay, Levant 2008 to 2014 1998 to 2007 1970 to 2007

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Baggio, Rodolfo Ballantyne, Roy Barros, Carlos Becken, Suzanne Brida, Juan Buckley, Ralf C. Dolnicar, Sarah Fyall, Allan Gossling, Stefan Gretzel, Ulrike Han, Hee Sup Higham, James Hsu, Cathy Jang, Soo Cheng (Shawn) Karatepe, Osman Kim, Woo Gon Lee, Choong Ki Lee, Seoki Li, Gang (U of Surrey) Li, Xiang (Robert) Litvin, Steve Newsome, David Pan, Bing Petrick, James Qu, Hailin Scott, Daniel Scott, Noel Tribe, John Wang, Youcheng Baum, Tom

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Bowen, John T. Bramwell, Bill Enz, Cathy Graefe, Alan McCleary, Ken O'Leary, Joseph Oppermann, Martin Pearce, Douglas Prentice, Richard Richards, Greg Ritchie, J. R. Brent Shaw, Gareth Uysal, Muzaffer Williams, Allan Witt, Stephen MacCannell, Dean Chen, Joseph Crompton, John Faulkner, Bill Kandampully, Jay Kimes, Sheryl Kozak, Metin Lashley, Conrad Lynn, Michael Morgan, Nigel Pritchard, Annette Siguaw, Judy Sonmez, Sevil Swarbrooke, John Timothy, Dallen

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Chon, Kaye Eadington, William Gartner, Bill Goeldner, Chuck Graburn, Nelson Hope/Witt/Martin, Christine Lindberg, Kreg Long, Patrick Olsen, Michael Perdue, Rick Sheldon, Pauline Smith, Valene Urry, John Var, Turgut Wood, Roy C. Woodside, Arch Ashworth, Greg Cohen, Eric Dann, Graham Pearce, Philip Pizam, Abraham References Harzing A (2007) Publish or Perish. http://www.harzing.com/pop.htm McKercher B (2008) A Citation Analysis Of Leading Tourism Scholars. Tourism Management. 29: 1226 1232.

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