MATH 20E Final Exam: solutions to practice problems

Alina Bucur
Problem 2 (a) f = (y 4x
3
, x), so at (1, 1) it becomes (3, 1).
(b) w 3x + y.
Problem 3
w
x
= f
u
u
x
+ f
v
v
x
= yf
u
+
1
y
f
v
and
w
y
= f
u
u
y
+ f
v
v
y
= xf
u

x
y
2
f
v
.
Problem 4 (a) f = (2xy
2
1, 2x
2
y), so at (2, 1) it becomes (3, 8).
(b) z 2 = 3(x 2) + 8(y 1) or 3x + 8y z = 12.
(c) x = 1.92 = 0.1 and y = 1.11 = 0.1; so f(1.9, 1.1) f(2, 1) 3x+8y = 0.3+0.8 =
0.5; since f(2, 1) = 2, we obtain f(1.9, 1.1) 2.5
Problem 5 (a) w
x
= w
u
u
x
+ w
v
v
x
=
y
x
2
w
u
+ 2xw
v
and w
y
= w
u
u
y
+ w
v
v
y
=
1
x
w
u
+ 2yw
v
.
(b) xw
x
+ yw
y
= x
_

y
x
2
w
u
+ 2xw
v
_
+ y
_
1
x
w
u
+ 2yw
v
_
=
_

y
x
+
y
x
_
w
u
+ (2x
2
+ 2y
2
)w
v
= 2vw
v
(c) xw
x
+ yw
y
= 2vw
v
= 2v(5v
4
) = 10v
5
.
Problem 6 vol(R) =
__
R
dV
The equation of the sphere is x
2
+ y
2
+ (z 2)
2
= 16.
The shadow of R on the xy-plane is given by the quarter of the ellipse
x
2
4
+
y
2
9
= 1 that sits in the
rst quadrant x, y 0. So 0 x 2 and for each x we have 0 y 3
_
1
x
2
4
. For each point (x, y)
in the shadow of R, have 0 z 2 +
_
16 x
2
y
2
. Hence
vol(R) =
_
2
0
_
3
q
1
x
2
4
0
_
2+

16x
2
y
2
0
dz dy dx.
Problem 7 The two surfaces are paraboloids. The shadow of the region on the xy-plane is determined by
the intersection of these two paraboloids. In other words, we need z = 4 x
2
y
2
to sit underneath
z = 10 4x
2
4y
2
, i.e. 4 x
2
y
2
10 4x
2
4y
2
. That is, we need 3x
2
+ 3y
2
6 x
2
+ y
2
2.
So,
vol =
__
x
2
+y
2
2
_
104x
2
4y
2
4x
2
y
2
dV.
From here its best to switch to cylindrical coordinates, so
1
vol =
_
2
0
_

2
0
_
104r
2
4r
2
r dz dr d =
_
2
0
_

2
0
r(6 3r
2
) dr d =
_
2
0
_
3r
2

3
4
r
4
_
r=

2
r=0
d = 6.
Problem 8 The region R is the triangle formed by the lines y = x

3, y = x and x = 2.
The angle made by the line y = x

3 with the positive x-axis is /3, while the angle made by the line
y = x with the positive x-axis is /4. The line x = 2 crosses the two lines at (2, 2

3) and (2, 2). The

line x = 2 is given in polar coordinates by r cos = 2, hence r =
2
cos
.
_
2
0
_
x

3
x
xdy dx =
_
/3
/4
_
2/ cos
0
r
2
cos dr d =
8
3
_
/3
/4
1
cos
2

=
8
3
_
tan
_
=/3
=/4
=
8
3
(

3 1).
Problem 9 (a) The region of integration is the triangle made by the lines y = x, y = 2x and x = 1. It has
vertices (0, 0), (1, 1) and (1, 2).
(b) For 0 y 1, have y/2 x y and for 1 y 2, have y/2 x 1. So
_
1
0
_
2x
x
dydx =
_
1
0
_
y
y/2
dxdy +
_
2
1
_
1
y/2
dxdy.
Problem 10 The ball of radius 5 is the solid B given by x
2
+ y
2
+ z
2
25. Its shadow on the xy-plane is
the disk of radius 5. In rectangular coordinates
vol(B) =
___
B
dV =
_
5
5
_

25x
2

25x
2
_

25x
2
y
2

25x
2
y
2
dzdydx.
Using the Jacobian of the spherical coordinate change, we have dzdydx =
2
sinddd. The ball of
radius 5 has equation 5. Thus takes any value in [0, 2) and takes any value in [0, ] and we
have
vol(B) =
_
2
0
_

0
_
5
0

2
sinddd =
_
2
0
_

0
_

3
3
sin
_
=5
=0
dd =
5
3
3
_
2
0
[cos ]
=
=0
d
This equals
2
5
3
3
(2) =
500
3
.
Problem 11 The region is inside the the unit circle x
2
+y
2
= 1, outside x
2
+y
2
= 2y x
2
+(y1)
2
= 1
the circle of radius 1 centered at (0, 1) and with x, y 0. In the uv-plane this becomes the triangle T
with sides u = 1, v = 0 and u = v. Its vertices are at (0, 0), (1, 0) and (1, 1). We need to compute the
Jacobian of the transformation
J =
(u, v)
(x, y)
=

u
x
u
y
v
x
v
y

2x 2y
2x 2y 2

= 4x.
We have to take absolute value, and since x 0, we get dudv = 4xdxdy. Therefore
_
1/2
0
_

1y
2

2yy
2
xe
y
dxdy =
1
4
__
T
e
y
dudv =
1
4
_
1
0
_
u
0
e
u/2v/2
dvdu =
1
4
_
1
0
_
2e
u/2v/2
_
v=u
v=0
du
=
1
4
_
1
0
(2e
u/2
2)du =
_
e
u/2

u
2
_
u=1
u=0
=

e
3
2
.
2
Problem 12 (a)
(u, v)
(x, y)
=

u
x
u
y
v
x
v
y

2x/y x
2
/y
2
y x

=
3x
2
y
.
Therefore
dudv =
3x
2
y
dxdy = 3udxdy = dxdy =
1
3u
dudv.
(b)
_
5
1
_
4
2
1
3u
dvdu =
2
3
_
5
1
1
u
du =
2
3
ln5.
Problem 14 Need to check that

F(c(t)) = c

(t).
(a) yes:

F(c(t)) =

F(t
3
,

t, t, log t) =
_
3t
2
,
1
2

t
,
t
2
t
3
,
1
t
_
= c

(t).
(b) yes:

F(c(t)) = (sint, cos t) = c

(t).
(c) no:

F(c(t)) = (cos t, sint) = c

(t) = (cos t, sint).

(d) no:

F(x, y) = (sint, t) = c

(t) = (1, cos t).

Problem 15 Want to have

F(c(t)) = c

(t), i.e. (e
2t
+2te
2t
, b, 2e
2t
) = (ate
at
+e
at
, 1, 2e
2t
). Hence a = 2, b = 1.
Problem 16 Need to see if curl

F = N
x
M
y
is 0.
(a) M = x, N = y so M
y
= 0, N
x
= 0. Since they are equal, this is a gradient eld. Potential is
f(x, y) such that

F = f, i.e. f
x
= x, f
y
= y. Therefore f(x, y) =
x
2
2
+c(y) and c

(y) = y. So
f(x, y) =
x
2
y
2
2
+ const.
(b) M = y, N = y
2
so M
y
= 1, N
x
= 0. This is not a gradient eld.
(c) M = 2xy, N = x
2
+ y
2
so M
y
= 2x, N
x
= 2x. Hence

F is a gradient eld. Want to nd f(x, y)
such that

F = f, i.e. f
x
= 2xy, f
y
= x
2
+y
2
. From the rst relation we get f(x, y) = x
2
y +c(y).
Plugging into second, get x
2
+c

(y) = x
2
+y
2
so c(y) = y
3
/3 +const. Thus f(x, y) = x
2
y +
y
3
3
+
const.
Problem 17

F = (ax
2
y + y
3
+ 1) + (2x
3
+ bxy
2
+ 2)
(a) Want

y
(ax
2
y + y
3
+ 1) =

x
(2x
3
+ bxy
2
+ 2), i.e. ax
2
+ 3y
2
= 6x
2
+ by
2
. Thus a = 6, b = 3.
(b)

F = (6x
2
y + y
3
+ 1) + (2x
3
+ 3xy
2
+ 2).
We will integrate on the line segments from (0, 0) to (x
1
, 0) and then to (x
1
, y
1
). On the rst
segment: x = t, y = 0, 0 t x
1
, dx = dt, dy = 0 so we get
_
x1
0
1dt = x
1
. On the second segment:
x = x
1
, y = t, 0 t y
1
, dx = 0, dy = dt so we get
_
y1
0
(2x
3
1
+ 3x
1
t
2
+ 2)dt = 2x
3
1
y
1
+ x
1
y
3
1
+ 2y
1
.
Adding them up we get 2x
3
1
y
1
+ x
1
y
3
1
+ 2y
1
+ x
1
, so the potential is
f(x, y) = 2x
3
y + xy
3
+ x + 2y.
Check: f = (6x
2
y + y
3
+ 1, 2x
3
+ 3xy
2
+ 2) =

F.
(c) C starts at (1, 0) and ends at (e

, 0), so FTC tells us that

_
C

F dr = f(e

, 0) f(1, 0) = e

1.
Problem 18 (a) N
x
= 12y = M
y
, hence

F is conservative.
(b) f
x
= 3x
2
6y
2
= f = x
3
6xy
2
+ c(y) = f
y
= 12xy + c

(y) = 12xy + 4y. So

c

(y) = 4y = c(y) = 2y
2
+ const. In conclusion,
f = x
3
6xy
2
+ 2y
2
(+ constant).
3
(c) C starts at (1, 0) and ends at (1, 1), so
_
C

F dr = f(1, 1) f(1, 0) = (1 6 + 2) 1 = 4.
Problem 19
_
C
yx
3
dx + y
2
dy =
_
1
0
x
2
x
3
dx +
_
x
2
_
2
(2xdx) =
_
1
0
3x
5
dx =
1
2
.
Problem 20 (a) The parametrization of the unit circle C is x = cos t, y = sint, 0 t 2. Then
dx = sintdt, dy = cos tdt and
work =
_
C
Mdx + Ndy =
_
2
0
(5 cos t + 3 sint)(sintdt) + (1 + cos(sint))(cos tdt).
Hence
work =
_
2
0
(5 cos t + 3 sint) sint + (1 + cos(sint)) cos t dt.
(b) Let R be the unit disk inside C. By Greens theorem,
_
C

F dr =
__
R
(N
x
M
y
)dA =
__
R
(0 3)dA = 3area(R) = 3.
Problem 21 (a) Since we rotate around the y-axis, we need to write x as a function of y. Have x = y
2
, 0
y 1. The area of the surface of revolution is then
_
1
0
|y|
_
1 + (2y)
2
dy =
_
1
0
y
_
1 + (2y)
2
dy.
Taking u = 1 + 4y
2
, we have du = 8ydy so
_
1
0
y
_
1 + 4y
2
dy =
_
5
1

u
du
8
=
1
8
_
2
3
u
3/2
_
u=5
u=1
=
1
12
(5

5 1).
(b) Three of the faces of the tetrahedron are right triangles with sides equal to 1 and hypothenuse

2. The are of each of them is 1/2, so their total area is 3/2. The fourth face is an equilateral
triangle with all sides equal to

2. The area of such a triangle is given by

2 sin/3
2
=

3
2
.
The total surface area is therefore 3/2 +

3/2.
(c) area =
__
S
dS =
__
u
2
+v
2
4
(x
u
, y
u
, z
u
) (x
v
, y
v
, z
v
)dudv.
(x
u
, y
u
, z
u
) (x
v
, y
v
, z
v
) = (1, 1, v) (1, 1, u) = (u v, u v, 2)
and its length is
_
(u v)
2
+ (u + v)
2
+ 4 =

2u
2
+ 2v
2
+ 4. The are is therefore
__
u
2
+v
2
4
_
2(u
2
+ v
2
) + 4 =
_
2
0
_
2
0
_
2r
2
+ 4rddr = 2
_
2
0
_
2r
2
+ 4rdr
by switching to polar coordinates. Next we can set w = 2r
2
+ 4 and get
2
_
12
4
w
1/2
dw
4
=

3
_
w
3/2
_
w=12
w=4
=
8
3
(3

3 1).
4
Problem 22 see book
Problem 23 (a) normal vector is the gradient, i.e. (2x y
6
sin(xy), 5y
4
cos(xy) xy
5
sin(xy), 6z
5
). At
(9, 0, 3) it becomes (18, 0, 1458). The tangent plane is therefore
18(x 9) 1458(z 3) = 0.
(b) f(1, 1) = e
2
and f
x
= 4xye
2x
2
y
+ cos(x + y), f
y
= 2x
2
e
2x
2
y
+ cos(x + y). At x = 1, y = 1 the
partial derivatives are f
x
= 4e
2
+ 1, f
y
= 2e
2
+ 1. The tangent plane is therefore
z e
2
= (1 4e
2
)(x + 1) + (2e
2
+ 1)(y 1).
(c) The cylinder S is parametrized by x = 5 cos u, y = v, z = 5 sinu. A normal vector is (x
u
, y
u
, z
u
)
(x
v
, y
v
, z
v
) = (5 sinu, 0, 5 cos u) (0, 1, 0). At P = (3, 19, 4) we have v = 19, sinu = 4/5, cos u =
3/5. So the normal vector becomes (4, 0, 3) (0, 1, 0) = 3 4

k. The tangent plane is

3(x 3) 4(z 4) = 0 3x + 4z = 25.
Problem 24 (a) This is similar to Example 2, page 524.
area =
1
2
_
C
xdy ydx
where C is the curve x
2/5
+ y
2/5
= 32
2/5
oriented counterclockwise. We parametrize C : x =
32 cos
5
ty = 32 sin
5
t, 0 t 2. Then dx = 160 cos
4
t sintdt and dy = 160 sin
4
t cos tdt. Thus
area =
1
2
_
2
0
160 32(sin
4
t cos
6
t + sin
6
t cos
4
t)dt = 2560
_
2
0
sin
4
t cos
4
tdt
= 160
_
2
0
sin
4
(2t)dt = 10
_
2
0
(1 cos(4t))
2
dt = 10
_
2
0
1 + cos
2
(4t) 2 cos(4t)dt
= 20 + 5
_
2
0
(1 sin8t)dt [10 sin(4t)]
t=2
t=0
= 30.
(b) This is problem 19, page 530.
Problem 25 (a) n
1
= , n
2
=, n
3
= , n
4
=

18.02 Practice Exam 3B Solutions

(1,2)
y = 2x
x = 1

(1,1)
b)

y
dxdy+

1
dxdy. 1. a)

0 y/2 1 y/2

y =x
(therstintegralcorrespondstothebottomhalf0y1,thesecond

integral to the top half 1y2.)
rsin
2. a) dA= rdrd=sindrd.
2
r

M = dA= sin drd= 2sind= 2 cos = 4.

0
R 0 1 0
1

3
b) x= xdA= rcossindrd
M
R
4
0 1
Thereasonwhyoneknowsthat x=0withoutcomputationisthattheregionand the density
are symmetric with respect to the y-axis ((x, y) =(x, y)).
3. a) N
x
=12y=M
y
, hence F is conservative.
b) f
x
= 3x
2
6y
2
f =x
3
6y
2
x+c(y)f
y
=12xy+c

(y) =12xy+ 4y. So c

(y) = 4y,
thus c(y) = 2y
2
(+ constant). In conclusion
f =x
3
6xy
2
+ 2y
2
(+ constant).
c) The curve C starts at (1,0) and ends at (1,1), therefore
Fdr=f(1,1)f(1,0)=(16+2)1 =4.
C
4. a) The parametrization of the circle C is x = cost, y = sint, for 0 t < 2; then dx =
sintdt, dy=costdt and

2
W = (5cost+3sint)(sint)dt+(1+cos(sint)) costdt.
0
b) Let R be the unit disc inside C;

Fdr= (N
x
M
y
)dA= (03)dA=3 area(R) =3.
C R R
C
3
5. a) (0,4)

(1,4) Fn ds= divFdxdy

C R
= (y+cosxcosycosxcosy)dxdy= ydxdy
C
4
C
2
R R

4
= ydxdy= ydy= [y
2
/2]
4
0
=8.
(0,0)

(1,0)
0 0 0
C
1
(b) The ux out of R is the ux across C = C
1
+ C
2
+ C
3
+ C
4
and is given by
4

i=1
_
Ci

F n
i
ds =
__
R
div

FdA
5
and div

F = y + cos xcos y cos xcos y = y. So
__
R
div

FdA =
_
4
0
_
1
0
ydxdy =
_
4
0
ydy = 8.
(c) On C
4
, x = 0, so

F = siny, whereas n
4
= . Hence

F n
4
and

F n
4
= 0. Therefore the
ux of

F through C
4
equals 0. Thus
3

i=1
_
Ci
=
4

i=1
_
Ci

F n
i
ds = total ux out of R.
Problem 26 This is Example 6, page 495, in the textbook.
Problem 27 This is Example 4, page 492, in the textbook.
Problem 28 (a) curl

F = N
x
M
y
= sin(x y) 3x, div

F = M
x
+ N
y
= 3y + sin(x y).
(b) curl

F = N
x
M
y
=
y
1 + x
2
y
2
2e
x+2y
, div

F = M
x
+ N
y
= e
x+2y
+
x
1 + x
2
y
2
.
Problem 29 (a)

F = (0, ye
xy
, 0), div F = P
x
+ Q
y
+ R
z
= 1.
(b)

F =
_
0, 0,
y
1 + x
2
y
2
2e
x+2y
_
, div F = P
x
+ Q
y
+ R
z
= e
x+2y
+
x
1 + x
2
y
2
.
(c)

F =
_
0, 2xy,
x

1 + x
2
+ 2xz
_
, div F = P
x
+ Q
y
+ R
z
= 2yz +
1
cos
2
z
.
Problem 30 (a) S is the graph of z = f(x, y) = 1 x
2
y
2
, and the normal points upwards, so ndS =
(f
x
, f
y
, 1)dA = (2x, 2y, 1)dA.
Therefore
__
S

F ndS =
__
shadow
(x, y, 2(1z))(2x, 2y, 1)dA =
__
shadow
2x
2
+2y
2
+2(1z)dA =
__
shadow
4x
2
+4y
2
dA
since z = 1 x
2
y
2
= 1 z = x
2
+ y
2
.
Shadow = unit disk x
2
+ y
2
1; switching to polar coordinates, we have
__
S

F ndS =
_
2
0
_
1
0
4r
2
rdrd = 2.
(b) Let R = unit disk in the xy-plane, with normal vector pointing down ( n =

k). Then
__
R

F ndS =
__
R
(x, y, 2) (

k)dS =
__
R
2dS = 2area(R) = 2.
By the divergence theorem,
__
S+R

F ndS =
__
W
(div

F)dV = 0,
since div

F = 1 + 1 2 = 0. Therefore
__
S
=
__
R
= 2.
Problem 31 div

F = 0, and so
__
S

F ndS =
___
W
div

FdV = 0.
6
Problem 32 (a)

F =

z
2xz 0 y
2

= (2y, 2x, 0).

(b) On the unit sphere, n = (x, y, z) so (

F) n = 2yx2xy = 0. Therefore
__
R
(

F) ndS = 0.
(c) By Stokes Theorem
_
C

F dr =
__
R
(

F) ndS where R is the region delimited by C on the
unit sphere. Using the result of (b), we get
_
C

F dr =
__
R
(

F) ndS = 0.
Problem 33 (a) z = 1 and x
2
+ y
2
+ z
2
= 1, so x
2
+ y
2
= 1. Therefore C is the circle of radius 1 in the
z = 1 plane. Compatible orientation: counterclockwise.
Parametrization: x = cos t, y = sint, z = 1 Therefore dx = sintdt, dy = cos tdt, dz = 0.
I =
_
C
xzdx + ydy + ydz =
_
2
0
(cos t sint + cos t sint)dt = 0.
(b)

F =

z
xz y y

= + x.
(c) By Stokes Theorem
_
C

F dr =
__
S
(

F) ndS.
n is the normal pointing upwards, so n =
(x,y,z)

2
on the upper hemisphere of radius

2. Thus
I =
_
C

F dr =
__
S
(1, x, 0)
(x, y, z)

2
dS =
__
S
x + xy

2
dS.
Problem 34 (a) By taking N = 0 in Greens theorem, we get
_
C
Mdx =
__
R
M
y
dA.
(b) We want M(x, y) such that M
y
= (x + y)
2
. Use M =
1
3
(x + y)
3
.
Problem 35 The surface is the graph of the function f(x, y) = xy with x, y in the unit disk. The ux is
upward, so
ndS = +(f
x
, f
y
, 1)dxdy = (y, x, 1)dxdy.
Hence
__
S

F ndS =
__
x
2
+y
2
<1
(y, x, z) (y, x, 1)dxdy =
__
x
2
+y
2
<1
(y
2
x
2
+ xy)dxdy
where we substituted z = xy. Using polar coordinates we get
__
S

F ndS =
_
2
0
_
1
0
(r
2
+ r
2
cos sin)rdrd.
inner integral:
_
1
0
(r
2
+ r
2
cos sin)rdr =
1
4
(cos sin 1).
outer integral:
_
2
0
1
4
(cos sin 1)d =
1
4
_
sin
2

2

_
=2
=0
=

2
.
7
Problem 36 (a) Consider the gure
We have n =
1
2
(x, y, z), hence

F n = (y, x, z)
(x,y,z)
2
=
z
2
2
. For the part of the sphere of
radius 2 we use the parametrization x = 2 sincos , y = 2 sinsin, z = 2 cos . Then dS =
2
2
sindd = 4sindd.
Since we are outside the cylinder, the bounds are 0 2 and /6 5/6. (see gure)
Thus the ux is given by
_
2
0
_
5/6
/6
4 cos
2

2
4 sindd = 8
_
2
0
_
5/6
/6
cos
2
sindd.
inner integral:
_
5/6
/6
cos
2
sind =
_

cos
3

3
_
=5/6
=/6
=

3
4
.
outer integral: 8
_
2
0

3
4
d = 4

3.
(b) On the cylinder n = (x, y, 0) and so

F n = 0. Therefore the ux is 0.
(c) div

F = 1, hence
vol(W) =
___
W
1dV =
___
W
(div

F)dV =
__
S

F ndS +
__
cylinder

F ndS = 4

3 +0 = 4

3.
Problem 37 (a)

F =

z
e
x
yz e
x
z + 2yz e
x
y + y
2
+ 1

= (e
x
+2y e
x
2y) (e
x
y e
x
y) +(e
x
z e
x
z)

k = 0.
(b) On the segment from (0, 0, 0) to (x
1
, 0, 0) : x = t, y = 0, z = 0, 0 t x
1
, dx = dt, dy = 0 = dz so
we get
_
x1
0
0dt = 0.
On the segment from (x
1
, 0, 0) to (x
1
, y
1
, 0) : x = x
1
, y = t, z = 0, 0 t y
1
, dx = 0, dy = dt, dz =
0 so we get
_
y1
0
0dt = 0.
On the segment from (x
1
, y
1
, 0) to (x
1
, y
1
, z
1
) : x = x
1
, y = y
1
, z = t, 0 t z
1
, dx = 0 = dy, dz =
dt so we get
_
z1
0
(e
x1
y + y
2
1
+ 1)dt = (e
x1
y + y
2
1
+ 1)z
1
.
Therefore
f(x, y, z) = e
x
yz + y
2
z + z.
Check: f = (f
x
, f
y
, f
z
) = (e
x
yz, e
x
z + 2yz, e
x
y + y
2
+ 1) =

F.
8
(c)

G =

z
y x y

= = 0.
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