10.37 Chemical and Biological Reaction Engineering, Spring 2007 Prof. William H.

Green Lecture 17: Mass Transfer Resistances This lecture covers: External diffusion effects, non-porous packed beds and monoliths, and immobilized cells Table 1. Homogeneous vs. Heterogeneous Catalysis Homogeneous vs. Heterogeneous Catalysis acids,bases immobilized enzymes radicals metals organometallics solid acids, bases enzymes metal oxides, zeolites, clays, silica better mixing, uniformity multiphase systems transport limitations reuse catalyst easily product purity 1. New rate law on surface 2. Model the transport and mixing

Ci fluid ( x, y,z ) =

jsurface ( x, y ) =

Ni Volume N j on surface

N sites on surface j + vacancy = 1

ri
fluid

N rxn fluid

n =1

A i ,n rn (C ) + V

N rxn suface

m =1

" i ,m rm (C , )

mol s vol
QSSA for surface species: rj =
"

mol s area

" j ,m m

r (C , ) 0
At surface

QSSA = f (C )
d j
0 area = ( flows ) + rj" N avagadro dt N sites

surface Catalyst

Figure 1. Schematic of boundary layer at catalyst surface for a turbulent, well mixed system where CA is a function of x.
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Flux of A to the surface: WA = Ctot D y A + y A WA + WP where yA is the mole fraction of A

Ctot = const

diffusion convection WA = DC A + C A u

FAnet = surface integral WA dn FA = dxdydz WA dN A = dxdydz WA + rA ( x, y, z ) dt dC A = WA + rA dt

*See Fogler 11-21 Continuity equation: Boundary Condition:

into wall '' WA = rA at surface

dC A = D 2C A u C A + rA (C ) dt

1. Steady state 2. Gradients

dC A dC A and are negligible dx dy

3. Velocity u towards the wall = 0 4. No reaction in the fluid

2C A z 2 '' WA = rA
0=D
D dC A dz
'' = rA ( C z =0 ) (z=0 at the surface)
z =0

C main C A ( z = 0) C A ( z ) = C A ( z = 0) + A z main dC C C A ( z = 0) '' =D A = rA D A ( C A, z = 0 ) dz z =0

Slow chemistry limit: C A ( z
main = 0) C A

'' '' main rA rA CA

Fast chemistry limit: C A ( z

= 0) 0

main '' rA CA

10.37 Chemical and Biological Reaction Engineering, Spring 2007 Prof. William H. Green

Lecture 17 Page 2 of 3

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= kc mass transfer coefficient kc d p D

Sherwood number (dimensionless)

Sh =

For spherical, catalyst particle with diameter dp:

Sh = 2 + 0.6 Re1 2 Sc1 3 ud Sc = Re = p = D

10.37 Chemical and Biological Reaction Engineering, Spring 2007 Prof. William H. Green

Lecture 17 Page 3 of 3

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