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BU-18 Slickline PVT Sampling Operation Design

Prepared by: Reviewed by: Reviewed by: Reviewed by: Approved by:

Well-tech of China Oilfield Services Limited Nov 23 2013

Contents
1 Basic Data................................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Basic data of well drilling and completion ........................................................................... 1 1.2 Perforation data sheet ........................................................................................................... 1 2 The Purpose and work scope for well test ............................................................................... 1 3 Construction geological conditions ......................................................................................... 1 4 Operation program and time limit ........................................................................................... 1 5 Job preparation ........................................................................................................................ 1 5.1 Operator and service content ................................................................................................ 1 5.2 Job preparation ..................................................................................................................... 2 5.3 Onsite preparation ................................................................................................................ 2 6 Operation interface .................................................................................................................. 2 7 Operation steps ........................................................................................................................ 3 7.1 Fix the wellhead ................................................................................................................... 3 7.2 Wiper trip .............................................................................................................................. 3 7.3 RIH the PDS sampler ........................................................................................................... 4 7.4 Pull the PDS sampler and measure flowing pressure gradient ............................................. 4 7.5 Sample transferring6 8 Notice ...................................................................................................................................... 6 9 Safety measures ....................................................................................................................... 5 9.1 Safety requirements of slick line operation .......................................................................... 5 9.2 Safety measures in exceptional circumstances ..................................................................... 6 9.3 Emergency measures of hydrocarbon releasing ................................................................... 7 9.4 Potential risk and methods ................................................................................................... 7 10 Appendix ............................................................................................................................... 8 Appendix1: Device listing .......................................................................................................... 8 Appendix2: Wiper trip tool string .............................................................................................. 8 Appendix3: PVT sampling tool string ........................................................................................ 9 Appendix4: Production pipe schematic .................................................................................... 10 Appendix5: BU-18 well test JSA ............................................................................................. 10

BU-18 Slickline PVT Sampling Operation Design

1 Basic Data
1.1 Basic data of well drilling and completion
(1) Well No.:BU-18 (2) Well type: natural flow oil well (3) Test interval: 3830m (4) Target formation: Mishrif (5) Current producing horizon: Mishrif reservoir (6) Completion: case hole perforated completion (7) Inclination data: the well is vertical well

1.2 Perforation data sheet


Well No. BU-18 Perforation depth 3825-3833 (m) Unit MB21 Reservoir Mishrif

2 The Purpose and work scope for PVT sampling


1) 2) Run the PDS sampler down into nearly the mid-depth of Mishrif reservoir when the oil well produce normally, take two PVT sample of reservoir fluid. Take the flowing pressure gradient.

3 Construction geological conditions


AppendixReservoir Design of Well BU-18

4 Operation program and time limit


NO. 1 2 3 working program Wiper trip RIH the PDS sampler Pull the PDS sampler and measure flowing pressure gradient plan time h 3 3 3 Time h Total time h

5 Job preparation
5.1 Operator and service content
1) 2) One job supervisor :control the onsite job Each one person for crane and rigger of Well-tech: provide crane operation service. Four slick line operators of well-tech, one windlass, and one tool case: provide slick line job service. person of Well-tech slick line department, 1 slick line winch, 1 tool box, 2 Pressure gauge, provide
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3)

BU-18 Slickline PVT Sampling Operation Design


slick line service.( Appendix 1Device listing )

5.2 Job preparation


1) 2) 3) Edit, verify and confirm the job design. Job mobilization according the job time demand, Do this operation mobilization. Slick line equipment preparation of well-tech. Take all the equipments and accessories relate with slick line job for BU-18 well. Check slick line windlass carefully, and test it, the depth reading of slick line should be accurate.

4)

All the down hole tools and surface equipments should be checked by job supervisor before go to the onsite, detailing content as follows: The qualification of equipment. The certification of proof before job. All the pressure and functional tests of the equipments should check-out and be recorded. All the measuring instruments should check-out. Pressure testing for the lubricator is 3000psi/10min. Call all related responsible official together to introduce the detailing of the job design.

5.3 Onsite preparation


1) 2) Check the situation and number of all tools and equipments reached the well-site. Hold a meeting to study the safety regulation and operation procedure and let all the people know the procedure, emergency program and escape line. Make sure the responsible of every position when there is emergency situation. The job responsible official need communicate with the chief of well-site for the fixing and laying of equipment.

3) 4)

6 Operation interface
1) The supervisor is responsible for the coordination and management during the job, make sure the working go smoothly. The slick line team of well-tech is responsible for the pressure test, combine and optimize tool string to satisfy meet the job goal.

2)

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BU-18 Slickline PVT Sampling Operation Design

7 Operation steps
7.1 Fix the wellhead
1) 2) Company man gives the order to all the contractors and organizes the conducting. After the approval of the onsite director, under the guiding of the oilfield production supervisor or attendant, Make sure the swab valve of X-tree is closing, Keep the main valve and production wing valve opening, then hang the sign of slick line. Close pressure gauges needle valve to take off the pressure gauge, and then leak off the pressure between swab valve and x-tree head. Position the slick line equipments; Make up BOP and lubricator, and do the functional testing of BOP at 3000psi, keeping it stable for 10 minutes. The length of lubricator should long enough to meet the job situation.

3)

4)

7.2Wiper trip
1) Inform job supervisor all the slick line things have prepared, it needs the surface safe valve position at open situation, the main valve position kept at open situation, production wing valve position kept at open situation, the well reach at working situation. Connect suitable size (58 mm) of gauge cutter, check zero of depth at surface ground. Open the swab valve 1 to 2 circles slowly, the down hole pressure go into lubricator grandly and observe it for 10 minutes, and check if there is leaking from wellhead and lubricator. If the leaking is happen, close swab valve immediately, blow down the pressure and processing it; otherwise continue open it totally, record the turn number, observing it for 10 minutes. Slick line tools should down hole slowly and smoothly, after wiper trip to about 3850m, take out slick tools, wiper hole job needs: Assemble tool string simulate well test. (Appendix 2Wiper trip tool string) Up and down tool string test every 500 meters. Notice the down speed and record it. The maximum up and speed shall not faster than 80 m/min. if pull weight is abnormal, stop winch immediately and analyze the reason.

2) 3)

4)

5)

Take out wiper tools to lubricator and confirm it, then close swab valve, leak the pressure in the lubricator, take off lubricator, disconnect wiper tool string. If we select normal sequence from big to small gauge cutter(70 mm , 65 mm ) to wiper trip, operating procedures as the same; if successful, report to the supervisor, continue the next step work, if fail, communicate with supervisor and talk about resolve method.

6)

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BU-18 Slickline PVT Sampling Operation Design

7.3 RIH the PDS sampler


1) Change the oil choke to 24/64 24hours before the job start, and keep the fluid production stable until the job finish. Prepare two PDS sampler; Assemble PDS sampling tools string (Appendix 3: RIH the PDS sampling tool string); Open the swab valve 1 to 2 circles slowly, the down hole pressure go into lubricator grandly and observe it for 10 minutes, and check if there is leaking from wellhead and lubricator. If the leaking is happen, close swab valve immediately, blow down the pressure and processing it; otherwise continue open it totally, record the turn number, observing it for 10 minutes. Slick line tools should down hole slowly and smoothly, the maximum up and speed shall not faster than 60 m/min; Up and down tool string test every 500 meters, record the weight detailed; When tool strings reach to 3830m, move up and down PDS sampling tool strings for three times, then wait to the PDS sampler to take sample. Leave it inside the well for at least one hour after the set clock time is over;

2) 3) 4)

5)

6) 7)

7.4 Pull the PDS sampler and measure flowing pressure gradient
1) Pull the tool strings up and stop at 3830m, 3780m, 3730m, 3500m, 3000m, 2500m, 2000m, 2000m, 1500m, 1000m, 500m for 5 minutes to measure flowing pressure ; NO. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 2) Stop depth 3830m 3780m 3730m 3500m 3000m 2500m 2000m 1500m 1000m 500m 0m Stop time 5min 5min 5min 5min 5min 5min 5min 5min 5min 5min 5min Point interval 10s 10s 10s 10s 10s 10s 10s 10s 10s 10s 10s

Pull the strings out of hole;

8 Notice
1) It needs to check if the pipe string depth has something wrong to make sure the operation success ratio. In case the leaking of main valve and surface safety valve to avoid the failing of lubricator system pressure testing, operator should check carefully, maintenance and make necessary exchanging for sealing before fixing lubricator system.
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BU-18 Slickline PVT Sampling Operation Design


3) 4) 5) 6) It should know clearly blow down procedure before blow down every time. Someone should on duty on well-site to check the wellhead all day during slick line job. It should have warning belt around slick line equipments. Forbidden hoisting goods above slick line area during working period.

9 Safety measures
9.1 Safety requirements of slick line operation
1) 2) The linking of the above tools and operation must under the present direction of team header. Slick line winch and other devices should be holding well, layout reasonably, and operate easily and safety. The lubricator must have pressure gauge and relief valve, the length of lubricator should be greater than the length of tool string. Strictly control the slick line actual tension is not exceeding the limitation range. After X-tree operation, open swab valve and master valve, it should be list slick line operation and other words. When connecting slick line tools and pulling out or exchanging device every time, before running in, the place of threaded connection should be fastened again. During operation processing, if blocking is happen, it should up and down tools slowly, dont running in being forced. If doing many times slick line job continuously, cutting off a short part of slick line and making rope socket again to keep the device in a good working condition. If do slick line fishing job, the running tools should be considerate it can be released.

3)

4) 5)

6)

7)

8)

9)

10) All the running tools must be measured length, outside diameter, internal diameter before running in. 11) When cutting off slick line on the ground, it should hold slick line with two hands to prevent slick line head from jumping up to hurt yourself and others. 12) The end portion of slick line unit must be firmly fixed. 13) During slick line job, irrelevant personnel should stay away wellhead, operator also pay attention to the wellhead safety. If found abnormal circumstances, operator should immediately stop slick line job and deal with it. 14) The lubricator and winch should fixing reliable, binding tightly and holding well by iron link or slick line; if blocking is happen, after the approval of supervisor and the direction of first party, processing it by taking short distance moving, and taking relevant measurements to avoid hurting incident because of slick line snapping.

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BU-18 Slickline PVT Sampling Operation Design


15) If there is overlapping job, safety measures and techniques must be in place. It should take feasibility analysis at first to confirm the scientific and feasible before carry out. 16) We must know enough about the condition of well. it should know the pipe string, well deviation, minimum inside diameter and so on. 17) Set the implementation procedures according to first partys construction requirements. Before operation, holding safety meeting to make operator know the risk in every operations. 18) Make full analysis for potential problems of operation equipment, tools, material. It should know service condition of semi-fragile component and the number of accessory.

9.2 Safety measures in exceptional circumstances


1) When there is slick line tools down hole emergency, it should report to field supervisor, oilfield director, branch office, Well-tech department at first. Stop operation firstly, analyzing and finding reason right away and determine the type of accident. Making relevant dealing measures according to accident type. If tools couldnt be pulled out, tools could move down but not go up, we should try to change the place of tools or the condition of stuck point to find opportunities in the process of trying. Dont pull out by force to avoid entire tool string being stuck. If tools get stuck in down hole, dont go up and down, it should make sure jar if in normal condition. If jar work well, it should consider which is the major way between upward jarring and downward jarring. In general, upward jarring is the major way, but downward jarring is also important, Velocity is the key. If tools get stuck in down hole, dont go up and down, and the jar cant work. It is very probably tool string get stuck with tubing wall. The reason is that the tubing is in the shape of S. The basic approach is to open or close the well to change the temperature in down hole. Temperature changing will cause the changing of tubing shape of tube, which is in favor of unfreezing. If all three or more ways have failed to resolve, it should consider cut off slick line in down hole (at bullhead) purposely for recovering whole slick line. Then run in suitable tools and tool string to deal with the problem. Operation method: close slick line BOP on ground, release the pressure of lubricator above the BOP, pull up lubricator, assemble cut rod onto the slick line. Connect lubricator well, open BOP, let cut rod sliding down to the top position of bullhead and cut off slick line suddenly. Shear method: After open BOP, slotted bar slide down along slick line, make use of the impact force to cut off the slick line from rope cap by inclined force which produced from slotted bar and bullhead. After slick line being cut off, it can recover entire slick line to ground. Reassemble tool string to do next work.

2) 3) 4)

5)

6)

7)

8)

9)

10) To avoid cutting tool not being in place or not cutting off at the right position, it should have done the following works well in advance. Think over all the preparatory work. For example, what about the ability of BOP? The performance of BV and related tool, hand pump, pipelines and so on.

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BU-18 Slickline PVT Sampling Operation Design


Tools selection: There are several kinds of cutting tools, such as impact bar that play a supporting role. In order to prevent cutting tool get stuck in the middle road, it can use 1-1/2cut rod or increase the numbers of impact bar to strengthen the down force. Even use 1-1/2 ,x 3or 5impact bar. Tighten the slick line when cutting bar slide down, pull to 800 LBS. In normal circumstances, the slick line will loosing after 20 minutes, which indicate the slick line have been cut off. Otherwise it means the slick line hasnt been cut off. Put into another impact bar to impact cut rod down or increase shear force to cut off slick line from the position of rope socket. If specific implementation measures crash with processing method, please shutdown operation, waiting for the order from leaders. Same problem have different phenomena in different well, solving measures and parameters are not the same too. The above measures and parameters are reference only, dont apply mechanically, or get the differently results.

9.3 Emergency measures of hydrocarbon releasing


1) 2) The slick line operator should find out the point of hydrocarbon releasing at first time. If processing measures failure, on site supervisor and slick line captain have right to close all the valves of x-tree. If there is hydrocarbon releasing occur during normal operation processing, all the people in well-site should stop hot working at once. When there is hydrocarbon release occur during normal operation processing, notice slick line captain and site supervisor ; If hydrocarbon release is out of control, it should notice all the workers to keep in emergency situation on well site by broadcast at once. In operation processing, slick line operator must equip work interphone.

3)

4)

5)

9.4 Potential risk and methods


1) Wellhead X-tree cannot be removed or some accessories damaged and so on. Equipped all removing tools and special tools, when the accessories damaged or cannot be used, it should communicate with onsite supervisor to provide appropriate accessories by first party The X-tree flange or valve have leakage, it should communicate with jobsite supervisor to repair it before working If wiper trip working cannot go smoothly during operation, slick line operator should make sure the situation of tubing, there are several methods: Exchanging smaller gauge ring to wiper trip, exchanged the size by followed, every time 4mm smaller than last one to confirm, and it cannot exceed than 3 times to watch which time will be ok. If go through, then go to the goal depth, and go through many times at the last blocking position, until it can running tool string smoothly, then exchange gauge ring from smaller to bigger to wiper hole, till the designing gauge ring can wiper hole smoothly. If wiper trip cannot go smoothly, selecting suitable font to confirm the blocking situation to watch if there are tubing distorted, hard objects, sand and so on. If it still cannot be confirmed
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2)

3)

BU-18 Slickline PVT Sampling Operation Design


by font, first party should provide coiled tubing or pump car to flush the tubing, and then wiper hole again to confirm. 4) It is possible there is no marking on the font in mark font job, so that the down hole situation will be not clearly. Method: first party provides coiled tubing to flush the wellbore, and then do impression tool job. If the font marking is clearly, then do the next job, otherwise communicate with first party supervisor again or do long time flushing job or fish the down hole crud. During operation processing, in order to avoid possible fire hazard, it should take appropriate measures: ensure the performance of the riot, the personnel onsite safety education, not allow to use non- explosion-proof equipment in safe area, not permitted with a fire source, having appropriate fire fighting equipments, there are portable fire extinguisher near the X-tree and the equipments.

5)

10 Appendix
Appendix1: Device listing

Appendix2: Wiper trip tool string


Name Rope socket Swivel joint Weight bar Knuckle joint Quick release joint Weight bar Quick release joint Mechanical jar Crossover Gauge cutter total length (in.) 6.1 11.0 59.8 9.8 13.8 35.8 13.8 81.151.2 3.9 8.7 162.7 OD ( in. ) 1.875 1.875 1.875 1.875 1.875 1.875 1.875 1.875 1.875 2.28

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BU-18 Slickline PVT Sampling Operation Design

Appendix3: PVT sampling tool string


Name Rope socket Swivel joint Weight bar Quick release joint Crossover PVT Crossover Crossover Knuckle joint Quick release joint Crossover PVT Crossover Shock absorber Crossover Pressure gauge Total length (in.) 6.0 7.0 24 13.8 3.9 137.8 1.9 3.9 9.8 13.8 3.9 137.8 1.9 21.0 3.9 9.5 399.9 OD ( in. ) 1.875 1.875 1.875 1.875 1.875 1.7 1.7 1.875 1.875 1.875 1.875 1.7 1.7 1.875 1.5 1.25 Weight (lbs) 3.08 6.6 29 8.58 2.42 25 0.5 2.42 5.5 8.58 2.42 25 0.5 13.2 1.5 2 136.3

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BU-18 Slickline PVT Sampling Operation Design

Appendix4: Production pipe schematic

Appendix6: BU-18 well test JSA


BU-18 slick line well test JSA BU-18 JSA Table Fauqi oil field Complete date The member of JSA team

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BU-18 Slickline PVT Sampling Operation Design


Resp onsibl e offici al

Step

Job Procedure

Potential Hazards

Risk Control Measures

Remark

Work environment and geography factor

person hurt and equipment losing

Equipments hanging on base

Personnel Hurt and equipment damage

Equipment transporting

Equipment damage

Equipment position onsite

Personnel Hurt and equipment damage

1. Before working, know nearby society and culture situation; 2. Be careful the sunny and high temperature; 3. Prepare first aid box in case of emergency accidents; 4. Prepare some medicine to resist mosquito and snake ants etc; 5. Know the roads, 6. Equipped with security protection equipment and personnel security. 7.According to the number of vehicles with homework on duty on duty and prevent of emergency 1. Check the equipments carefully according to the driving requirements; 2. Make sure the crane in the hanging situation; 3.Tell the true weight of equipment to crane driver; 4.It needs professional person direct the crane and forbidden unrelated persons 1.Ready-made the position and fixing of equipments with driver; 2. If it is possible, let the engineer take part in the transporting to monitor the whole processing. 1.Related person take enough protective inventory; 2. Position the equipments after them arrived at the onsite as soon as possible; 3. Pay attention to the stability and safety during hanging; 4. Check the equipment in time, discover the problem and deal

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BU-18 Slickline PVT Sampling Operation Design


Handover not clearly; operation wrong; person and well accidents 1. Confirm the working status of each valve and make sure the situation of the well; 2. When transfer wells, unrelated personnel do not operate valves without permission. 1. Blowout according to nation or customers requirements, otherwise obey rule of operator ; 2. Stop all the hot work, oil spill should use the hosepipe to designate emission; 3. In case of presence of H2S the release will be made according to the procedures given by the Company and issued on the operating program. 4. For H2S Wells a Injection Nipple shall be installed between the Stuffing Box and the Lubricator and shall have a pipe, cock valve and a flexible to flush the lubricator with water after bleeding off the lubricator pressure. The hydrocarbons liquid and water shall be recovered in the Flow Line and Sump Tank. 5. In the presence of H2S, always carry escape masque during the job. A self-breathing apparatus must be used by the operator for bleeding off lubricator. 1. Take on enough protective inventories; 2. Checking carefully; 3. Be ready related packing parts. 1. Forbidden random operation of wellhead valve during operation; hang forbidden label, operate the valves by slickline operator;

Handover well

take off wellhead devices

Environment pollution at the wellhead; wellhead pressure gauge damage; Personnel hurt(Falling, bruising, crushing, pummeling, high pressure) ; blowout; sling breaking

surface preparation before BOP system fixing 5 fixing BOP system

person hurt; packing parts and packing position of BOP system damage Blowout; device damage; person hurt; danger during tools hanging

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BU-18 Slickline PVT Sampling Operation Design


and wrong direction; slick line damage; device accident because of corrosion. 2. It needs professional person direct the crane, the crane driver should work with certification, and the crane should work v

Power on the equipment

Personnel Hurt; devices damage

Personnel hurt ( line break, crushed by shaking booboo, bruise )

pressure test of BOP system

BOP installation failed

Equipment damage ( pressure build)

check slick line situation

person hurting

1. Operators should wear necessary inventory, including protective glass and so on; 2.Stay in the safety field to avoid personnel hurt because of the elasticity of the slick line; 3. Before power on the equipments, check all kinds of fluid level and pipe 1. Personnel must wear the qualified protection supplies, including protective glasses; 2. Through radio, warning tape for isolation; 3. Special person check it in a safe location, prohibit irrelevant personnel enters a high pressure area. 1. Check the ring and the ring groove; 2. Ensure locate the BOP correct, on the balance of the diagonal. 1.Check the diesel oil, cooling water before starting the diesel engine; 2. Check the safety valve set pressure is up to the standard before starting the mud pump; 3. Operating the pump should be smoothly and slowing. 1. Take necessary protective inventories in case of accidents in checking processing; 2. Pay attention the standing position prevent the damage from elastic slick line; 3. Drag slick line stable out of roller when the windlass in neutral position.

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BU-18 Slickline PVT Sampling Operation Design


1.The major operator need pay attention safety during making slick line knot; 2.Unrelated person not allow to stay near in case of damaging; 3. The operator pay attention to protect the wellhead. 1. Operator pay attention safety; 2. Check the quality of screw thread, connection order; make sure the tool string meet the requirement. 1. Understanding the job requirements which is based on the design; 2. Know whole working situation and well history; 3.The final and best design should been approved by onsite supervisor; 4. All the tools must H2S resisting in case of accidence. 1. take on enough and suitable protective inventory; 2. Preparation and checking according to the slick line wellhead preparation procedure and requirement. 1. Take on enough and suitable protective inventory; 2. Fix wellhead system according to the slick line wellhead preparation procedure and requirement; 3.Related persons need pay attention the coordinate between each other during fixing, to avoid the drama 1. Open the valves according to slick line processing procedure, oilfield and related technique requirements, it needs two persons cooperate each other to

make slick line cap

confirm and prepare for running down hole

person hurting; slick line and knot cap damaging; wellbore junk

design tool string

Mismatch job design, cannot finish the job; do not know the well situation and cannot reach job goal, even have accident happen.

preparation and check

person hurting and tools damage

10 person hurting; slick line and down hole tools, BOP system damaging; wellbore junk

wellhead fixing

11

open x-tree valves

high pressure, oil and gas leakage, danger caused by poison gas; the danger caused by the

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BU-18 Slickline PVT Sampling Operation Design


up rush of slick line; the danger caused by semi-open valves operate, and take on breather if it is necessary; 2. Wellhead valves operator ensure if the valves is 1. Inform valve operator after the major slick line operator ensures slick line and tool string inside the BOP system totally; 2. Wellhead valves operator ensure if the valves is opening totally. 1. Select suitable the size of tools according to schematic, check fishing tools carefully, select suitable gauge ring; 2. When exchange the tool string, tight threading for tools in case of losing; 3. Worker should take on quantified protective inventory

close x-tree valves

valves uptight; accidents caused by slick line and tool string broken

combine tool string and select the gauge ring

cannot finish job; tools drop out and lost down hole; person hurting

12

wiper trip processing

13

Well test process

tool string blocking or sticking, cannot finish the job; slick line snap because of oversized pulling power; person hurting; close valve wrong to cause slick line cut off; depth wrong, tools losing; saver leakage Due to the pressure gauge fault, cause the test failed; The necessary data forget to record, cause test results cannot be calculated; Personal injury; Shut off wrong valve, Cut wire;

1. Before working, know the well situation, be care for wrong depths interval, sometime it is necessary to get approve of supervisor to start the job; 2. Forbidden mark font two times; 3. When pulling power greater than normal, report it to supervisor, co

1.Make careful examination to pressure gauge and related equipment before test, make careful records; 2. Pressure gauge Engineer check on the data carefully; 3.Personnel must wear an approved protective equipment, enhance self-protect consciousness; 4.Irrelevant personnel should be away from the work area; Winding

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BU-18 Slickline PVT Sampling Operation Design


Pressure gauge damage; operation area with yellow caution tape in, lock valve, and hanging operation is prohibited sign; 5.When replace pressure gauge, be circumspect, RIH AND POOH speed should not exceed the rated speed; 1. Forbidden random operation of wellhead valve during operation; hang forbidden label, operate the valves by slick line operator; 2. It needs professional person direct the crane, the crane driver should work with certification, and the crane should work 1. Worker should take on qualified protective inventory, operator should equip with safe-belt when the x-tree is high, forbidden operating with pressure; 2. The threading should in position well by operator, and smear compound and twist crude material

14

rig out wellhead BOP system

Blowout; device damage; person hurt; danger during tools hanging and wrong direction; slick line damage; device accident because of corrosion. Environment pollution at the wellhead; Personnel hurt(Falling, bruising, crushing, pummeling, high pressure) ; blowout

15

recover wellhead devices

The member of JSA team signature

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