PAPER 2 2013 1 hour 30 minutes INSTRUCTIONS Answer two questions, each chosen rom a !

!i erent To"ic# Each question is worth [20 marks] The ma$imum mar% or this e$amination "a"er is [40 marks] &uestions in this "a"er must 'e answere! with re erence to e(ents an! !e(e)o"ments in the twentieth centur*# +here the wor! RE,ION is use! in questions in this "a"er, it re ers, un)ess otherwise !e ine!, to the i(e re-ions which are the 'asis o the re-iona) stu!ies or .i-her /e(e) Pa"er 3# Topic 1: Causes, practices and effects of war. 1. Assess the ro)e o each o the o))owin- in causin- the 0irst +or)! +ar 112134 121567 the !esire or re(en-e8 economic moti(es8 9a)%an nationa)ism# 2. :The )en-th an! outcome o the ci(i) war was !e"en!ent u"on outsi!e in(o)(ement#; +ith re erence to two twentieth centur ci(i) wars, to what e$tent !o *ou a-ree with this statement< 3# +ith re erence to the "erio! 121241232, ana)*se the actors which hin!ere! the maintenance o internationa) "eace# 4. Ana)*se the reasons or, an! resu)ts o , either the In!o4Pa%istan wars 1123=412=16 or the Iran4Iraq war 11250412556# ># In what wa*s, an! or what reasons, !i! the ro)e an! status o women chan-e as a resu)t o twentieth centur* tota) war< ?# Account or the use o -uerri))a war are in the Chinese Ci(i) +ar 1122=412326 an! estimate its contri'ution to Communist (ictor*# Topic 2: Democratic states challenges and responses =# To what e$tent !i! one !emocratic state, in the first half o the twentieth centur*, co"e with the economic cha))en-es it ace!< 5# In what wa*s, an! with what success, !i! !e ,au))e !ea) with the cha))en-es ace! '* 0rance 112>5412?26< 2# Ana)*se the reasons or, an! resu)ts o , the ai)ure o !emocratic -o(ernment in Ni-eria 112?1412??6<

10# +ith re erence to one !emocratic state in the twentieth centur*, e$amine the reasons or, an! success o , mo(ements or the attainment o ci(i) ri-hts# 11# :Interna) "o)itica) e$tremism was the main cha))en-e to !emocrac* in the twentieth centur*#; +ith re erence to one !emocratic state, to what e$tent !o *ou a-ree with this statement< 12# I!enti * the socia) an! economic "ro')ems acin- South A rica 11221420006 an! e(a)uate the "o)icies a!o"te! to !ea) with them# Topic 3: Origins and de elopment of authoritarian and single!part" states 13# To what e$tent !i! two sin-)e4"art* ru)ers, each chosen rom a !i erent re-ion, u) i)) the "romises ma!e !urin- their rise to "ower< 13# 9* what metho!s, an! with what success, !i! one sin-)e4"art* )ea!er tr* to e)iminate !omestic o""osition< 1># Com"are an! contrast the socia) an! economic "o)icies o Per@n an! Castro# 1?# Assess the im"ortance o each o the o))owin- in the rise to "ower o Sta)in7 errors ma!e '* ri(a)s8 the use o "ro"a-an!a8 "o"u)ar su""ort# 1=# +ith re erence to either .it)er or Aao, e$amine the reasons or, an! resu)ts o , e!ucationa) "o)icies in the sin-)e4"art* state# 15# Ana)*se the im"act o sin-)e4"art* ru)e u"on minorities in two sin-)e4"art* states, each chosen rom a !i erent re-ion#

Topic 4: #ationalist and independence mo ements in $frica and $sia and post! 1%4& Central and 'astern 'uropean states 12# :Po)itica) an! economic insta'i)it* in the !eca!e a ter in!e"en!ence was the co)onia) )e-ac*#; +ith re erence to two "ose4co)onia) states, to what e$tent !o *ou a-ree with this statement< 20# Com"are an! contrast the metho!s use! to attain in!e"en!ence in ,hana an! A)-eria# 21# 0or what reasons, an! with what resu)ts, were there cha))en-es to So(iet contro) o Eastern Euro"e u" to 12?5<

22# +ith re erence to one "ost4co)onia) state which -aine! in!e"en!ence a ter 123> in either A rica or Asia, e$amine how the Co)! +ar he)"e! and hin!ere! its !e(e)o"ment# 23# To what e$tent was the !isso)ution o Bu-os)a(ia the resu)t o the rise o )on-4 su""resse! ethnic an! se"aratist mo(ements< 23# +ith re erence to one e$4co)onia) A rican or Asian state or one Centra) an! Eastern Euro"ean state 'e ore in!e"en!ence, assess the contri'ution o socia) an! economic issues to the -rowth o nationa)ism# Topic &: The Cold (ar 2># :Post4war enmit* was the "ro!uct o )on-er term i!eo)o-ica) !i erences#; To what e$tent !o *ou a-ree with this statement on the ori-ins o the Co)! +ar u" to 1232< 2?# 0or what reasons, an! with what success, !i! the Unite! States a!o"t a "o)ic* o containment 'etween 123= an! 12?2< 2=# Account or the chan-e in Sino4So(iet re)ations a ter the !eath o Sta)in in 12>3# 25# Assess the contri'ution o one o the o))owin- to the !e(e)o"ment o Co)! +ar tensions7 Truman8 Aao8 Castro# 22# Ana)*se the reasons or, an! resu)ts o , So(iet in(o)(ement in the war in A -hanistan 112=2412556# 30# +ith re erence to two states, each chosen rom a !i erent re-ion, e$amine the cu)tura) im"act o the Co)! +ar#