Dielectric .

A material that conducts electricity poorly or not at all. If a voltage is applied to a dielectric, the atom s in the material arrange themselves in such a way as to oppose the flow of electrical current. Glass, wood, and plastic are common dielectrics. An insulator (glass, rubber, plastic, etc.). Dielectric materials can be made to hold an electrostatic charge.

Define Dielectric Properties

Dielectric are materials which are transferable and by applying the certain conditions. They can be transformed into polar conductor. But in real time situation they are insulator which does not allow flow of electrons from them due to their atomic structure and strong cohesive forces among the items which resist any change in their structure. Dielectric materials can be mold to conduct current flow through them

Dielectric properties

Insulating material or a very poor conductor of electric current. Dielectrics have no loosely bound electrons, and so no current flows through them. When they are placed in an electric field, the positive and negative charges within the dielectric are displaced minutely in opposite directions, which reduces the electric field within the dielectric. Examples of dielectrics include glass, plastics, and ceramics.

Application of Dielectric

Application of electric field on dielectric materials crests permanent dipoles which reduces the resistance in flow of electrons hence making it a conductor for that time only when electric field is working there. as soon as the electric effect is reamed , dipoles conditionsettels down and again it becomes an insulator.

Dielectric properties are explained by the structure of the grain and grain boundary.
Grain : low resistivity, p-type semiconductor Depletion layer near grain boundary : high resistivity * These dielectric properties of SiC ceramics were predicted by Dr. Maeda et al. (Hitachi co.) in 1985 .

Explained Dielectric

As shown in diagram and indicated by arrow the forces inside resistance is low but the arrow indicates the high resistance which resist in flow of electrons and make it insulator. By applying electric field which actully remove high resistance and ultimately allow flow of electrons

Measurement of permittivity

, Measured with
HP85070B Dielectric Probe Kit+HP8510C Network Analyzer

Frequency range
0.2~10 GHz. 0.1GHz step. Samples All sintered lots.

Measurement of permittivity

The diagram shows the measurement of permittivity of dielectric material. Which is determined by probe hit and analyzer. Frequency range varies from 0.2GHZ to 10GHZ depending upon the material. By applying different frequency we examine their behavior and as a result we got a set of samples which show the permittivity of that material

Dielectric Strength Important Points

AC breakdown strength value NOT absolute

Related to rate of rise of the applied voltage stress

5 minute step rise 10 minute step rise 30 minute step rise Ramp

Real world/stress is constant

Voltage endurance

Dielectric Strength

Dielectric materials are insulators (conduction cannot generally occur). However, under certain conditions, dielectric materials can break down and conduct a significant current. Generally, the lattice of a dielectric has sufficient strength to absorb the energy from impacting electrons that are accelerated by the applied electric field. However, under a sufficiently large electric field, some electrons present in the dielectric will have sufficient kinetic energy to ionize the lattice atoms causing an avalanching effect. As a result, the dielectric will begin to conduct a significant amount of current.

Dielectric Strength

Dielectric strength depends on material homogeneity, specimen geometry, electrode shape and disposition, stress mode (ac, dc or pulsed) and ambient condition.

Dielectric Constant

Relatively small if no permanent dipoles are present Approximately proportional to density Influenced by presence of permanent dipoles:

Dipoles orient in the electric field

inversely proportional to temperature

Orientation requires a finite time to take place

Dielectric Constant

Dielectric values depends on the presence of dipoles. If dipoles are there then it would allow the flow of electrons so reduce the resistance hence small dielectric. As the material is dense it affes more resistance in flow so high is dielectric constant. And vice versa. Making of dipoles and paling of changes on opposite sides take some time and it is certain for a specific material

Dielectric Constant

The capacitance, C, of a capacitor formed by two parallel plates of area A spaced d apart with the area between the plates filled with dielectric material with a relative dielectric constant of is:

DIELECTRIC CONSTANT
The Capacity of Condenser of a Material D= The Capacity of Condenser of Vacuum Condition The forces of electrostatic attraction tending to recombine charges of opposite sign are given by Coulomb's Law. F= Q1 x Q2 / DR2

where: Q1, Q2 are magnitude of charges R= Distance between charges D = Dielectric constant of the medium separating charges

DIELECTRIC LOSSES

From a materials perspective, losses result from polymer chain motion Leads to heat evolution Chain motion influence on electrical properties are depicted on next few slides

Dielectric Losses

Losses occurs due to chain motion because each and every change has to move in the same direction which may to lead sample destruction or shape change of material. Chain motion creates flow in structure due to which its properties can vary from its natural behavior.

MOISTURE ANALYSIS

WHY DO WE NEED MOISTURE ANALYSIS? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Material balance Meeting the standards of product Product stability (prevent deterioration, mold, bacteria, insect damage) Express the composition on Dry Weight Basis Economic importance (H2O is cheap)

Moisture Analysis

Material balance depends on the material contents as the moisture increases it makes effect on electrical properties. it would be build in such to prevent the mentioned, bacteria, damage to remain for large period of time. composition should be mentioned on dry weigh basis to access the values of that material

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