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ICND1
Interconnecting Cisco
Networking Devices
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Interconnecting Cisco Networking Devices Part 1 (ICND1) v1.0
1-65
1-65
1-67
1-68
1-69
1-70
1-72
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2-11
2-12
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2-14
2-16
2-18
2-19
2-20
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2-25
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1-68
IP-
, TCP/IP
, IP-.
32- IPv4.
IP-?
IP-.
(,
) .
:

.
ICND1 v1.0 1-3

,
, IP-
IP-, .
, , ,
, - 32- IP-.
IP-.
IP-
IP- TCP/IP.
IPv4 ,
. IPv4 32- ,
.
IP- :
( ) ,
IP-. .
( ) .
, , .
2007 Cisco Systems,
1-69
IP
IP IP
(Protocol Data Unit - PDU).

IP (IP-)
ICND1 v1.0 1-4
" ",
.
PDU ( "").
.
:
1-70
Source Address ( ). IP- -.
Destination Address ( ). IP- -.
IP-:

.
ICND1 v1.0 1-5
IP- 32- , .
,
,
.
IP- 10101100000100001000000000010001.
32- 4 ,
(1 8 ).
0 255, . "
". IP-
172.16.128.17 "172 16 128 17".
2007 Cisco Systems,
1-71
IP-
,
IP- , .
IP- .
IP-:
ICND1 v1.0 1-6
IP- (classful) .

IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority).
IP- . ,
.
IP-.
A
A
(8 ) 32- . 32-
. A "0".
0,
, 00000000 ( 0), 01111111 (
127). , 0 127,
. , 1 126
32- , A.
B
B
(16 ). . 2
B 10. 10
1-72
, B
A. 6
1 0. , ,
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( 191). ,
128 191 , B.
C
C (24 ) IP- ,
. C
110. , ,
C, 11000000 ( 192), 11011111
( 223).
192 223, C.
IP-
*IP- 127 (01111111) A

- (loopback ),
.
ICND1 v1.0 1-7
IP- (
) IP- AC,
.
2007 Cisco Systems,
1-73
IP-
IP-
. ,
, ,
.
IP-
.
ICND1 v1.0 1-8

IP-
. , A IP- 10.0.0.0 ,
10.1.2.3. IP- 172.16.0.0
B, 192.16.1.0 C. IP-
IP- .
,
B. , 16
, . IP 172.16.0.0 ;
. ,
172.16.0.0 IP- 172.16.16.1. 172.16
, 16.1 .

(Directed Broadcast Address).
IP- .
(172.16.0.0), 16 - ,

172.16.255.255.
1-74
.
Cisco IOS
.

IP- ,
(255.255.255.255). ,
,
.
.

. IP- 127.0.0.1.
IP-
,
IP-, IPv4-
(RFC 3927) 169.254/16.

,
. , ,
DHCP.

IP-
,
.
, ,
,
. ,
.

. 2-
.
IP- MAC-,
2 .

. A
, .
( ) ,
( ) .
A 224 2 (
), 16 777 214.
B , .
B 216 2, 65 534.
C .
, , 28 2, 254.
2007 Cisco Systems,
1-75
IP-
,
. , , , ,
.
(Public), (Private) IP-.
IP-.
IP-
ICND1 v1.0 1-9
IP-

. , .
InterNIC- Internet
Network Information Center ( Internet). InterNIC
IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Autority -
Internet). IANA IP-,
.

, .
IP-
(ISP).
:
APNIC (Asia Pacific Network Information Center)
ARIN (American Registry for Internet Numbers)
RIPE NCC (Rseaux IP Europens Network Coordination Centre)
IP, ,
NAT Network Address Translation,
(CIDR Classless Interdomain Routing) IPv6.
1-76
IP-
10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255
172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255
192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255
ICND1 v1 .01- 10
IP-
, IP-,
, ,
.
, "
" .
1994 IETF RFC 1597,
, , TCP/IP IP-,
. RFC 1597
RFC 1918,
IP- . , IP
, ,
.
, IP-
( A, 16 B 256 C).
(.
). .
,
.
, , ,
.
NAT. ,
NAT, , .
2007 Cisco Systems,
1-77
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration

Protocol)
IP-
. IP-
DHCP.
DHCP
ICND1 v1 .01- 11
DHCP IP-
TCP/IP, ,
DNS-. DHCP
, , .
DHCP :
DHCP- .
DHCP IP- .
IP- DHCP.
DHCP-
. DHCP- . ""
DHCP- .

.
DHCP- .
1-78
(DNS)
(DNS)
IP- IP-,
. DNS.
DNS
TCP/IP
IP-
ICND1 v1 .01- 12
DNS IP-. DNS

IP- IP-.
, .
2007 Cisco Systems,
1-79

IP-

. ,
.
ICND1 v1 .01- 13
" "
IP-, .

DHCP-.
1-80
TCP/IP
DHCP DNS IPCONFIG.
ipconfig IP-,
.
ipconfig [/all] [/renew [Adapter]] [/release [Adapter]]

[/flushdns] [/displaydns] [/registerdns] [/showclassid Adapter]
[/setclassid Adapter [ClassID]]
/all: TCP/IP . ipconfig

IP-,
.
, , ,
.
/renew [Adapter]: DHCP (
) , Adapter.
,
IP-. , ,
ipconfig .
/release [Adapter]: DHCPRELEASE DHCP-
DHCP IP-
( ) ,
Adapter . TCP/IP ,
IP-. ,
, ipconfig .
2007 Cisco Systems,
1-81
/flushdns: DNS-.
DNS ,
.
/displaydns: DNS-, ,
Hosts,
.
DNS-
DNS-.
/registerdns: DNS
IP-, .
DNS
,
DNS- , . DNS
TCP/IP ,
DNS.
/showclassid Adapter: DHCP .
DHCP
Adapter (*).
,
IP-.
/setclassid Adapter [ClassID]: DHCP
. DHCP
Adapter (*).
,
IP-. DHCP ,
.
/?: .
1-82

, .
IP- :
.
IPv4 32 , ,

(, 192.168.54.18).

A 0, 2 B
10, 3 C
110.
ICND1 v1 .01- 16
(.)
IP- ( )

.
IP-,

, .
DHCP
IP-
TCP/IP, ,
DNS-.
DNS ,
TCP/IP
IP-.
2007 Cisco Systems,
ICND1 v1 .01- 17
1-83
(.)

IP- :

IPCONFIG
1-84
ICND1 v1 .01- 18

TCP/IP
,
, .
TCP/IP.
TCP/IP
.
IP
TCP/IP,
. IP
TCP/IP
. , , , ,
, .
IP-,
, ,
. ,
.

.
,
. OSI TCP/TP
.
,
. UDP TCP TCP/IP
,
. ,
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TCP/IP.
UDP TCP.

TCP/IP
OSI. , :
1-86

;

;
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TCP;
TCP/IP;
3 4 ;
4 ;
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,
;

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TCP/IP.
.

( )

( ),

( ).
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ICND1 v1.0 1-2
,
, .
, UDP TCP,
,
. "" ,
, ,
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, TCP.

,
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,
,
.
: UDP
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.
, .
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1-87
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IP- .
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.
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.
, Yahoo Internet Explorer
- Yahoo, URL-.
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URL- (, Google).
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1-88
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.
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. ,
(MTU Maximum Transmission
Unit) . UDP
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1-89

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1-90
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TCP/IP ,
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TCP/IP .
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.

ICND1 v1.0 1-4
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TCP/IP.
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.
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:
Source port ( ). (16 ).
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Checksum ( ).
(16 ).
Data (). (Upper-layer protocol ULP) ( ).
UDP TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol),

SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol), NFS (Network File System)
DNS (Domain Name System).
1-92
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TCP Transmission Control Protocol (
). ,
. TCP
, .
TCP.
TCP
TCP/IP

ICND1 v1.0 1-6
TCP TCP/IP.
.
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() OSI TCP/IP.
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.
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.

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, .
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1-93
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,
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1-94
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IP ,
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,
(32 ).
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(4 ).
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, , .)
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(16 ).
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).
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1-95
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IP, TCP UDP TCP/IP ,
,
.
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:
FTP
TFTP
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:
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:
Telnet
rlogin
:
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Protocol)
:
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ICND1 v1.0 1-8
TCP/IP .
1-96
FTP (File Transfer Protoco). FTP

,
TCP , FTP. FTP
ASCII.
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,
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, TFTP.
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.
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.
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.
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17, IP UDP.
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100
,
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1-97
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. ,
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ICND1 v1 .01- 10

.
, .
.
.
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(IANA).
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1-98
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.
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Protocol Data Unit),
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Initial Sequence Number),
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1-106
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2
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3.
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.

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).
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.
1-112
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ICND1 v1 .01- 21
1-113
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1 ;
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1
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2 .
2
.
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. ,
.
(NIC Network Interface Card),
, .
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2
2 .
2 .
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,
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.
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3
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3
.

3.
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3. , OSI
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1-118
2 3
IP Ethernet (IP)
(MAC) .
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP).
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ARP
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(1 22)
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, 3-
192.168.3.1, 3-
192.168.3.2. .
.
TCP.
TCP , TCP
SYN 3- (192.168.3.2) IP.
1-121

(2 22)
ICND1 v1 .01- 10
IP SYN TCP 2
3 3,
IP TCP. IP 2.
1-122

(3 22)
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2 3 2.
2 3
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,
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2, ARP .
1-123

(4 22)
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(F ). 2
ARP 2, MAC-
,
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(5 22)
1-124
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(6 22)
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192.168.3.2 ,
2.

(7 22)
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1-125

(8 22)
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ARP , ARP.

(9 22)
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ARP 2 MAC-
0800:0222:2222 ( 192.168.3.1).
1-126

(10 22)
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2 ARP 2
MAC- , ARP,
MAC- .

(11 22)
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192.168.3.1 , , MAC-
, 2.
1-127

(12 22)
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(13 22)
ICND1 v1 .01- 21
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1-128

(14 22)
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2 2.

(15 22)
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192.168.3.2 , .
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1-129

(16 22)
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SYN TCP SYN ACK

.

(17 22)
1-130
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(18 22)
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(19 22)
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, .
1-131

(20 22)
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,
TCP .

(21 22)
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(22 22)
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1-133
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ARP.
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IP-.
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. ,
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1-135
1-136
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.
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0 255.
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).
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( ), .
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.
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arp ARP,
, IP-
Ethernet.
Ethernet Token Ring, ,
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.
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IfaceAddr]] [-d InetAddr [IfaceAddr]] [-s InetAddr
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. ARP
IP-, arp -a InetAddr,
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, -N IfaceAddr, IfaceAddr
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.
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IP-.
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/?: .
1-137
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.
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. ,

TTL , TRACERT.
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, ICMP "Time Exceeded".
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DNS IP-,
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target_host
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.
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1-138
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1-139

,
.
1 .
2
.
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.
3 IP-.
ICND1 v1 .01- 37
(.)
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.
MAC- ,
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TCP.
.
, ,
.

:
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tracert
arp
1-140
ICND1 v1 .01- 38
Ethernet
,
, .
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,
.

, . ,
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.

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,
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.
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1-142

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.
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.

.
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2-23
2-24

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2 .
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3
.

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(NOS)
3. , OSI (NSAP),
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Ethernet
2-27

(1 10)
ICND1 v1.0 2-4
192.168.3.1 192.168.3.2.
. UDP.
2-28

(2 10)
ICND1 v1.0 2-5
, .
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, ,
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2-29

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2-30

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-
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- , .
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.
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2-31

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ICND1 v1.0 2-9

(7 10)
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2-32

(8 10)
ICND1 v1 .02- 11
- .
,
(0800:0222:1111 = 2).
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2-33

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ICND1 v1 .02- 12

(10 10)
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.
.
2-34

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2-35
2-36

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,
, . Cisco IOS
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.

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.
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.

.

.

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.
ICND1 v1.0 2-2
Cisco IOS Cisco

.
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2-38

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, .

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, .

:

ICND1 v1.0 2-3
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, 2
. Cisco,
,
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.
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, IP-
;
, . .
.

.
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2-39

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ICND1 v1.0 2-4
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,
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.
2-40

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2-41
.
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.
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.

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. Cisco IOS
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.
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.
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2-43
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.
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.
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,

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hostname>
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2-44
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Enabled
ICND1 v1.0 2-8
, ,
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enable password enable secret password, .

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.
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.
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Ethernet
2-45

Cisco Cisco IOS,
,
. ,
Cisco.
ICND1 v1.0 2-9
Cisco IOS Cisco

.
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.
. ,
. , sh?,
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, <cr> . ,
show ?, show.
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.
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Ctrl Escape
. Cisco IOS
,
2-46
, .
.
,
. ,
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% Ambiguous
command
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):
show con

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.

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% Invalid input
detected at
^ marker
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.
, Cisco IOS show history.
Ethernet
2-47
ICND1 v1 .02- 10
,
. , ,
,
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clock () ,

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2-48
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, .
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.
Ethernet
2-49

Cisco IOS
,
.
.
SwitchX>Shape the future of internetworking by creating unpreced

,
.
ICND1 v1 .02- 12
,
. ,
, ,
.
EXEC terminal editing,
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.
2-50

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.
.
, ,

.

Ctrl-A
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Esc-F
Ctrl-B
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Backspace
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Ethernet
2-51
Ctrl-W
Ctrl-Z
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Tab
,
.
2-52
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.
.
ICND1 v1 .02- 14
:
;
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c EXEC .
,
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,
, terminal history
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, , Ctrl-P
.
, .

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.
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Return.
Ethernet
2-53
ICND1 v1 .02- 15
Cisco :
RAM ( , ): ,
, . .
NVRAM ( ):
.
-: Cisco IOS,
.
show startup-config ,
NVRAM. show running-config RAM.
2-54
show running-config show

startup-config
ICND1 v1 .02- 16
show running-config RAM.

Building configuration. ,
,
RAM.
RAM,
Current configuration:, ,
RAM.
show startup-config
NVRAM, , , Using
1 359 out of 32 762 bytes NVRAM 32 762
, , NVRAM, 1 359 .
Ethernet
2-55

,
.
Cisco IOS
Cisco,
Cisco Catalyst.
, ,
, .
IOS
,
,
.

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,

.
ICND1 v1 .02- 17
(.)

EXEC: .
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, EXEC.
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, .
Cisco IOS
,
.
Cisco
() . ,
,
.
2-56
ICND1 v1 .02- 18
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, .
, ,
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.
.

(CLI)
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Cisco IOS;
,
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Cisco IOS;
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show
-.
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. Catalyst.
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.

.
ICND1 v1.0 2-2
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.
1
:
,
HyperTerminal.
.
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./., Cisco Catalyst 2960.
:
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.
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, ,
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2-58

Catalyst ,
, ,
.
Catalyst 2960.

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ICND1 v1.0 2-3
Catalyst 2960-12 2960-24

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: .
: .
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.
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2-59
(
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.

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2-60
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.
, 25%,
50% .

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.
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. 2 GBIC ,
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.
GBIC ,
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Catalyst 2960G-24-EI 2960G-24-EI-DC:

, 50%
.
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25%, 50%
.
GBIC ,
25% , .
Catalyst 2960G-48-EI: ,
50%
. 2 GBIC
, 25%,
50% .
GBIC ,
25% , .
: .
: .
POST ,
. POST ,
.
Catalyst.

Catalyst 2960
ICND1 v1.0 2-4
POST Catalyst 2960

.
IP
, , ,
.
.
, ,
.
Ethernet
2-61
, ,
.
--- System Configuration Dialog --Would you like to enter the initial configuration dialog? [yes/no]: y
At any point you may enter a question mark '?' for help.
Use ctrl-c to abort configuration dialog at any prompt.
Default settings are in square brackets '[]'.
Basic management setup configures only enough connectivity for
management of the system, extended setup will ask you to configure
each interface on the system
Would you like to enter basic management setup? [yes/no]: no
First, would you like to see the current interface summary? [yes]: no
Configuring global parameters:
Enter host name [Switch]: SwitchX
The enable secret is a password used to protect access to privileged
EXEC and configuration modes. This password, after entered, becomes
encrypted in the configuration.
Enter enable secret: secret_password
The enable password is used when you do not specify an enable secret
password, with some older software versions, and some boot images.
Enter enable password: enable_password
The virtual terminal password is used to protect access to the
router over a network interface.
Enter virtual terminal password: vty_password
Configure SNMP Network Management? [no]: no
Configuring interface parameters:
Do you want to configure Vlan1
interface? [yes]: yes
Configure IP on this interface? [yes]: yes

IP address for this interface: 10.1.1.140
Subnet mask for this interface [255.0.0.0] : 255.255.255.0
Class A network is 10.0.0.0, 24 subnet bits; mask is /24
Do you want to configure FastEthernet0/1
interface? [yes]: n
..text omitted ..
Do you want to configure FastEthernet0/24
interface? [yes]: n
Would you like to enable as a cluster command switch? [yes/no]: n
2-62
Catalyst
2960
ICND1 v1.0 2-5

, :
The following configuration command script was created:
hostname SwitchX
enable secret 5 $1$oV63$8z7cBuveTibpCn1Rf5uI01
enable password enable_password
line vty 0 15
password vty_password
no snmp-server
!
!
interface Vlan1
ip address 10.1.1.140 255.255.255.0
!
interface FastEthernet0/1
..text omitted..
interface FastEthernet0/24
!
end
Ethernet
2-63
[0] Go to the IOS command prompt without saving this config.

[1] Return back to the setup without saving this config.
[2] Save this configuration to nvram and exit.
Enter your selection [2]:2
Building configuration...
[OK]
Use the enabled mode 'configure' command to modify this configuration.
2, .
2-64

Catalyst
, Cisco IOS
, .
, .
Catalyst .

EXEC
ICND1 v1.0 2-6
:
:
.
:
. enable.
EXEC ,
enable. enable password,
. . enable password
.

.
Telnet, . Telnet
.
SSH.
Ethernet
2-65

Catalyst
,
.
.

:

SwitchX#configure terminal
SwitchX(config)#

SwitchX(config)#interface fa0/1
SwitchX(config-if)#
ICND1 v1.0 2-7
, IP-,
,
. (),
.

. ,
.
2-66
ICND1 v1.0 2-8
.

. ,
, .
.
SwitchX.
Ethernet
2-67
IP-
SwitchX(config)#interface vlan 1
SwitchX(config-if)#ip address {ip } {}
:
SwitchX(config)#interface vlan 1
SwitchX(config-if)#ip address 10.5.5.11 255.255.255.0
SwitchX(config-if)#no shutdown
. no
shutdown, .
ICND1 v1.0 2-9
3
2.
3 TCP/IP.
3 .
VLAN 1, IP- VLAN 1.
IP-
VLAN 1, ip
address. IP- .
IP- , Telnet
SNMP.
no shutdown,
.
2-68
SwitchX(config)#ip default-gateway {ip-}
:
SwitchX(config)#ip default-gateway 172.20.137.1
ICND1 v1 .02- 10

ip default-gateway. IP- ,
,
. IP- IP .

, .
Ethernet
2-69
SwitchX
SwitchX copy running-config startup-config
Destination filename [startup-config]?
Building configuration
SwitchX
NVRAM
ICND1 v1 .02- 11

NVRAM copy running-config startup-config.
NVRAM ,
, , NVRAM.
2-70
Catalyst,
show version, show running-config
show interfaces. ,
.
SwitchX#show version
,
,
, .
SwitchX#show running-config

.
SwitchX#show interfaces
,
.
ICND1 v1 .02- 12
:
show version:
.
show running-config: ()
. EXEC.
IP-, .
show interfaces:
. ,
. ,
. type () slot/number
(/), type Ethernet Fast Ethernet, slot/number
0 (, e0/1).
Ethernet
2-71
show version
Swi tch# sho w v ersi on
Cisc o I OS S oft war e, C 296 0 So ftw are (C2 960- LAN BASE K9- M), Ver sio n 12 .2( 25)S EE2 , R ELEA SE
SOF TWAR E ( fc1 )
Cop yrig ht (c) 198 6-20 06 by Cisc o S yste ms, In c.
Com pile d F ri 28-J ul-0 6 1 1:5 7 by ye nanh
Ima ge t ext -ba se: 0x00 003 000 , da ta- base : 0 x00 BB79 44
ROM : Bo ots tra p pr ogra m i s C 2960 bo ot l oad er
BOO TLDR : C 296 0 Bo ot L oad er (C29 60- HBOO T-M ) V ersi on 12.2 (25 r)SE E1, RE LEAS E S OFTW ARE (fc 1)
Swit ch upti me is 24 m inu tes
Sys tem ret urn ed t o RO M b y p ower -on
Sys tem ima ge file is "fl ash :c29 60- lanb ase k9- mz.1 22- 25.S EE2 /c29 60- lan base k9- mz.1 2225. SEE2 .bi n"
cisc o W S-C2 960 -24 TT-L (P ower PC4 05) pro cess or (rev isi on B0) wit h 61 440 K/40 88K by tes of
memo ry.
Pro cess or boa rd I D FO C10 52W 3XC
Las t re set fr om p ower -on
1 V irtu al Eth erne t in ter fac e
24 Fast Eth ern et i nter fac es
2 G igab it Eth erne t in ter fac es
The pas swo rd- reco very me cha nism is ena ble d.
! T ext omi tte d
Swi tch#
ICND1 v1 .02- 13
EXEC show version

.
show version.
Cisco IOS version
.
,
.
Cisco IOS 12.2(25)SEE2.
Switch uptime
,
.
24 .
Switch platform
,
.
Cisco Catalyst WS-C2960-24

24 Fast Ethernet.
2-72
show interfaces
Swit chX #sho w i nter fac es F ast Eth erne t0/2
Fast Eth erne t0/ 2 is up , li ne pro toco l is up (c onne cte d)
Hard
Fa st Et
Ethe
rne
t, ad
a ddr
ess
is 00
0008
45.c
ia 0
008
.a44
e82)
Ha
rdwwar
aree is Fast
hern
et,
dres
s is
08..a4
a445
.cee82
82 ((b
bia
000
8.a
4455.c
.ce8
2)
MT U 1 500 byt es, BW 1000 0 K bit , DL Y 10 00 use c,
re liab ili ty 2 55/ 255, tx loa d 1/ 255, rx loa d 1/ 255
En cap sula tio n AR PA, loo pba ck not set
Ke epa live se t (1 0 s ec)
Half
plex
1 0Mb
/s
Ha
lf--du
dupl
ex,, 10M
b/s
in put flo w-c ontr ol is u nsu ppo rted out put fl ow-c ont rol is unsu ppo rte d
AR P t ype: AR PA, ARP Tim eou t 0 4:00 :00
La st inpu t 4 w6d, ou tput 00 :00 :01, out put ha ng n eve r
La st clea rin g of "s how int erf ace" cou nte rs neve r
In put que ue: 0/7 5/0 /0 ( siz e/m ax/d rops /fl ush es); To tal out put dro ps: 0
Qu eue ing str ateg y: fifo
Ou tpu t qu eue : 0/ 40 (siz e/m ax)
5 min ute inp ut r ate 0 b its /se c, 0 pac ket s/s ec
5 min ute out put rat e 0 bit s/s ec, 0 pa cke ts/ sec
18 2979 pa cket s i nput , 1 680 2150 byt es, 0 no b uff er
Re ceiv ed 4995 4 b road cas ts (0 m ulti cas t)
0 runt s, 0 gi ant s, 0 th rot tles
CRCC,
, 0 f rame , 0 ove rru n, 8 ig nore d
0 inpu t e rror s, 00 CR
0 watc hdo g, 2 011 5 mu lti cas t, 0 pau se inp ut
0 inpu t p acke ts with dr ibb le c ondi tio n d etec ted
37 4747 3 p acke ts outp ut, 35 3656 347 byt es, 0 u nde rrun s
--M ore - 200 7 Cisco Syst ems , Inc. .
ICND1 v1 .02- 14
show interfaces
. ,
.
FastEthernet0/2 is up
.
.
,
.
address is
0008.a445.ce82
-,
.
Half-duplex, 10 Mb/s
. : full duplex,
100 Mb/s.
CRC
, 0
.

Ethernet .
show interfaces
.
Ethernet
2-73
-

-.
MAC-
Catalyst 2960 Series
SwitchX#show mac-address-table
Mac Address Table
------------------------------------------Vlan
Mac Address
Type
Ports
------------------------All
0008.a445.9b40
STATIC
CPU
All
0100.0ccc.cccc
STATIC
CPU
All
0100.0ccc.cccd
STATIC
CPU
All
0100.0cdd.dddd
STATIC
CPU
1
0008.e3e8.0440
DYNAMIC
Fa0/2
Total Mac Addresses for this criterion: 5
SwitchX#
ICND1 v1 .02- 15
- .
MAC- , .
-
, , .
, - ,
, -
-. ,
-,
, .
.
.
-
. , Catalyst 2960 8 192
-. - ,
.
2-74

, .
Cisco IOS
,
Cisco IOS .
Cisco IOS
,
,
,
.
Cisco Catalyst POST
.
POST
, .
POST ,
.
ICND1 v1 .02- 16
(.)
Cisco IOS
EXEC.
.
Catalyst IOS
,
.
IP-,
Cisco IOS .
Catalyst,

show version, show
running-config show interfaces.
ICND1 v1 .02- 17
Ethernet
2-75
2-76

VTY. ,
.

Cisco. , :
, ,
, ,
Cisco;
Telnet SSH ;

,
.

. ,
, ,
, ,
Cisco.

ICND1 v1.0 2-2
,
.
2-78
.
.
. ,
( )
( ).
. ,
( ),
() .
.
( ),
, ,
..

(CLI)
.
.
ICND1 v1.0 2-3
. ,
, .
,
.
.
,
, EXEC.
.
Telnet VTY.
,
Telnet.
0 15.
line console 0 password login,

VTY.

VTY.
line vty 0 4 password login
Telnet.
Ethernet
2-79
login local
,
username. username
.
enable password
EXEC.
enable secret.
enable secret
. enable secret ,
, .
,
, TFTP-.
Cisco .
, service password-encryption
.
, service
password-encryption, .
, no . ,
no service password-encryption,
.
2-80

.
, .

,

SwitchX# banner login " Access for authorized users only. Please enter your
username and password. "
ICND1 v1.0 2-4
banner login
,
. , no
.
banner login
- . (").
-.
, .
, ,
.
Ethernet
2-81
Telnet SSH
.
Telnet SSH
Telnet

SSH
! T he user nam e c omma nd crea te the use rna me a nd p ass wor d fo r t he S SH sess ion
User nam e ci sco pa sswo rd cis co
ip d oma in-n ame my doma in. com
cryp to key gen era te r sa
ip s sh vers ion 2
line vt y 0 4
l ogi n lo cal
t ran spor t i npu t ss h
ICND1 v1.0 2-5
Telnet .
Telnet ,
. SSH Telnet,
.
SSHv1, SSHv2.
SSHv2,
.
SSH, ,
.

, (AAA) TACACS +
RADIUS. (
SSH.) ,
Telnet
cisco cisco.
!--- The username command create the username and password for
the SSH session
username cisco password 0 cisco
ip domain-name mydomain.com
crypto key generate rsa
ip ssh version 2
line vty 0 4
login local
transport input telnet
2-82
SSH,
SSH.
SSH PC UNIX.
, SSH,
transport input ssh ,
SSH. Telnet-
( SSH) .
line vty 0 4
!--- Prevent non-SSH Telnets.
transport input ssh
, ,
( SSH) Telnet
.
Ethernet
2-83

Cisco Catalyst 2960
SwitchX(config-if)#switchport port-security [ mac-address
mac-address | mac-address sticky [mac-address] | maximum
value | violation {restrict | shutdown}]
SwitchX(config)#interface fa0/5
SwitchX(config-if)#switchport mode access
SwitchX(config-if)#switchport port-security
SwitchX(config-if)#switchport port-security maximum 1
SwitchX(config-if)#switchport port-security mac-address sticky
SwitchX(config-if)#switchport port-security violation shutdown
ICND1 v1.0 2-6
,
-
, . ,
, .
, ,
switchport mode access.
Cisco Catalyst 2960, switchport

port-security , .
switchport port-security ,
-,
- . no ,
.
, .
,
-,
. :

(switchport port-security mac-address
0008.eeee.eeee).
2-84

(switchport portsecurity mac-address sticky).

-
.
-
-
, sticky learning. sticky
learning, switchport port-security
mac-address sticky. ,
- , ,
sticky learning,
-.
-
( ).
- ,
.
, - .
sticky learning , -
.
1 132 .
, 1 024.
:
-,
, - ,
.
, ,
VLAN.
Ethernet
2-85

Catalyst 2960
SwitchX#show port-security [ interface ]
[address] [ | {begin | exclude | include} expression]
SwitchX#show port-security
Port Security
Port Status
Violation Mode
Aging Time
Aging Type
SecureStatic Address Aging
Maximum MAC Addresses
Total MAC Addresses
Configured MAC Addresses
Sticky MAC Addresses
Last Source Address
Security Violation Count
interface fastethernet 0/5

: Enabled
: Secure-up
: Shutdown
: 20 mins
: Absolute
: Disabled
: 1
: 1
: 0
: 0
: 0000.0000.0000
: 0
ICND1 v1.0 2-7
Catalyst 2960 show port-security interface

EXEC,
, .
,
, ,
, ,
switchport port-security maximum.
,
show port-security.
2-86
interface
()
.
address
() .
begin
() ,
, .
exclude
() , ,
, .
include
() , ,
, .
expression
,
.

Catalyst 2960 (.)
SwitchX#sh port-security address
Secure Mac Address Table
------------------------------------------------------------------Vlan
Mac Address
Type
Ports
Remaining Age
(mins)
--------------------------------1
0008.dddd.eeee
SecureConfigured
Fa0/5
------------------------------------------------------------------Total Addresses in System (excluding one mac per port)
: 0
Max Addresses limit in System (excluding one mac per port) : 1024
SwitchX#sh port-security
Secure Port MaxSecureAddr CurrentAddr SecurityViolation Security Action
(Count)
(Count)
(Count)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------Fa0/5
1
1
0
Shutdown
--------------------------------------------------------------------------Total Addresses in System (excluding one mac per port)
: 0
Max Addresses limit in System (excluding one mac per port) : 1024
ICND1 v1.0 2-8
show port-security address,

- . show port-security
, .
Ethernet
2-87

.
, ,
.

().
ICND1 v1.0 2-9
.
.
, , .

. ,
(), .
2-88
()
SwitchX(config-int)#
shutdown
, shutdown
.
, no
.
ICND1 v1 .02- 10
, shutdown
. ,
no : no shutdown.
Ethernet
2-89

,
.
.

,
.

.
Telnet
; SSH .

MAC-, .
.
2-90
ICND1 v1 .02- 11

,
.
Ethernet
.
,
,
Spanning Tree.
Ethernet.
, :
c Ethernet;
,
Ethernet;
, STP -
Ethernet.

,
, .
.
ICND1 v1.0 2-2
.
,
.

,
.
:
,
. ,
, ,
. ,
,
, ().
,
, . ,
,
,
.
2-92

,
.
.
,
.

(CSMA/CD)

-

ICND1 v1.0 2-3
Ethernet CSMA/CD.

.
Ethernet
.
Ethernet -, Fast
Ethernet Gigabit Ethernet. . ,
, ,
5
3. .
-
, . ,

, ,
, .
Ethernet, Fast Ethernet Gigabit Ethernet
.
.
Ethernet
2-93
, ,
, ,
.
Ethernet
50 60% 10 /. Ethernet
100- (
10 /).

,
-.

,
. ,
, ,
.
, ,
.
.
:
, ,
. , ,
.
:
, .

Cisco Catalyst 2960
SwitchX(config)#interface Gi0/1
SwitchX(config-if)#duplex {auto | full | half}
Cisco Catalyst 2960

SwitchX(config)#interface Gi0/1
SwitchX(config-if)#speed {10 | 100 | 1000 | auto}
2-94
ICND1 v1.0 2-4

.
duplex,
.
Cisco Catalyst 2960:
auto ;
,
;
full ;
half .
Fast Ethernet 10/100/1000 auto.

100BASE-FX full. 10/100/1000
, ,
10 100 /, ,
1 000 /.
100BASE-FX 100 /
.
GBIC
. GBIC.
Sw itch X#s how int erfa ces fas tet her net0 /2
Fa stEt her net0 /2 is u p, line pr oto col is up ( con nect ed)
Hard war e is Fa st E the rnet , a ddr ess is 0008 .a4 45.9 b42 (bi a 0 008 .a44 5.9b 42)
MTU 150 0 by tes , BW 10 000 Kbi t, DLY 100 0 us ec,
r eli abil ity 255 /25 5, t xlo ad 1/25 5, rxlo ad 1/25 5
Enca psu lati on ARPA , l oopb ack no t se t
Keep ali ve s et (10 sec )
Half -du plex , 1 0Mb/ s
inpu t f low- con trol is uns upp ort ed o utp ut f low -con tro l is un sup port ed
ARP typ e: A RPA , AR P T imeo ut 04: 00:0 0
Last in put 00: 00:5 7, outp ut 00: 00:0 1, outp ut hang ne ver
Last cl eari ng of " sho w in ter fac e" c oun ters ne ver
Inpu t q ueue : 0 /75/ 0/0 (si ze/ max /dro ps/ flus hes ); T ota l ou tpu t d rops : 0
Queu ein g st rat egy: fi fo
Outp ut queu e: 0/40 (s ize/ max )
5 mi nut e in put rat e 0 bit s/s ec, 0 p ack ets/ sec
5 mi nut e ou tpu t ra te 0 bi ts/ sec , 0 pac kets /se c
3 234 79 p ack ets inp ut, 449 310 71 b yte s, 0 no buf fer
R ece ived 98 960 bro adca sts (0 mul tic ast)
1 ru nts, 0 gian ts, 0 t hro ttl es
1 in put err ors, 0 CRC, 0 fra me, 0 o verr un, 0 i gno red
0 wa tchd og, 363 74 mult ica st, 0 p aus e in put
0 in put pac kets wi th d rib ble con dit ion det ecte d
1 284 934 pac kets ou tput , 1 031 2170 7 b ytes , 0 und err uns
0 ou tput er rors , 2 col lis ion s, 6 in terf ace res ets
0 ba bble s, 0 la te coll isi on, 29 def erre d
0 lo st c arr ier, 0 no c arr ier , 0 PAU SE o utp ut
0 ou tput bu ffer fa ilur es, 0 outp ut buff ers swa ppe d ou t
ICND1 v1.0 2-5
Ethernet
2-95
:
show interfaces
Catalyst 2960. show interfaces
EXEC .
.
. ,
, Catalyst
. ,
.
,
. ,
.

. ,

.
,
, (FCS)
.
FCS show interfaces.
2-96

,
, .
,
.
ICND1 v1.0 2-6
Ethernet- (, Fast Ethernet

Gigabit Ethernet), ,
.
,
. Ethernet

.

, ,
.
( ),

( ),
.
,
, .
Ethernet
2-97
Ethernet
,
.
,
.
.
ICND1 v1.0 2-7
,

.
.
.

, ,
.
, .
, ,
. , -
, .
,
.
, ,
,
. ,

.
2-98
:
, London Rome. London
A, Rome B.
.
, .
1 , ,
2 3. 2, 3 London (
1) , London 1 2 .
4.
4 London: 2
3. , 2
. 4 , 3.
4 Rome, 2
Rome 3. 3 4,
4 , London
4. Rome 2.
2 3 ,
London 3 4 . London
, ,

. .
Ethernet
2-99

STP
STP ,
. STP.
STP
ICND1 v1.0 2-8
STP,
. STP
, .
Catalyst STP .
STP :
STP ,
, .
.
, STP

( ).
STP Interconnecting Cisco

Networking Devices Part 2 (ICND2).
2-100

, .
.
,

.
c
.
Ethernet

( , );

.
.
Ethernet, ,

, Fast
Ethernet Gigabit Ethernet
.
ICND1 v1.0 2-9
(.)
, ,
,
.
, ,
MAC-.
STP,
.
STP Ethernet

.
ICND1 v1 .02- 10
Ethernet
2-101
2-102
.
, .
. ; , ,
,
. .

. , :

2 OSI

.
1 2.
3
.
ICND1 v1.0 2-2
1 (OSI),
. 2
OSI, -. ,
, 1 2. 3
, IP
.
2-104
3
.

:
.
.
.
.
ICND1 v1.0 2-3
. ,
. ,
:
, 3,
,
;
, 5,
;

RJ-45,
;
,
, .
Ethernet
2-105
show interface
Swit chX #sho w i nter fac e fa ste the rnet 0/ 0
Fas teth
/0 is
pr oto
Ethe
rne tern
0 et
is 0up,
linuep,prlin
otoecol
is col
up is up [1]
Hard war e is MC I Et her net, ad dre ss i s a a00. 040 0.01 34 (vi a 00 00.0 c00 .43 69
Inte rne t ad dre ss i s 1 31.1 08. 1.1 , su bne t ma sk is 2 55. 255 .255 .0
.
.
O utpu t Om itt ed
.
.
2295 197 pac ket s in put , 30 553 999 2 by tes , 0 no buff er
Rece ive d 19 255 00 b roa dcas ts, 0 runt s, 0 gi ant s
input
put err
errors
ors,, 33 CRC
CRC,, 00 fra
frame,
me, 00 oover
verrun,
run, 00 igno
ignored
red,, 00 abo
abort
rt [ 2]
33 in
0 in put pac ket s wi th drib ble co ndit ion det ect ed
3594 664 pac ket s ou tpu t, 4 365 498 43 b yte s, 0 un derr uns
88 ou
outpu
tputt er
error
rors,
s, [ 3]
1790
1790 co
collis
llision
ions,
s, [ 4]
10 i nte rfac e r eset s,
00 re
sta
rtss [ 5]
res
tart
ICND1 v1.0 2-4

.
.
show interface.
, .
2-106
,
.
disabled,
5 000 Keepalive,
10 .
down administratively down, ,
,
( Keepalive ),
.
(CRC)

,
, ,
,
, , ,
.
,
.
,
- ,

.
, -
Ethernet. -
. , Ethernet

.
Ethernet - .

:
EXEC show interface,
Ethernet- .
CRC,
.
.
100Base-TX, ,
5.
ICND1 v1.0 2-5
, ,
.
EXEC show interface, Ethernet .

, .
100Base-TX, ,
5.
Ethernet
2-107

:
show interface,
.
0,1% .
TDR
Ethernet. TDR ,
,
.

, .

.
, ,
,
() .
ICND1 v1.0 2-6
, ,
.
2-108
show interface,
.
0,1% .
TDR (Time-domain Reflectometer) ,

,
. TDR Ethernet.
, ,
, ()
. ,
.
.

:

.
Ethernet. ,
, Ethernet

.

.
.
ICND1 v1.0 2-7
, ,
.
.
Ethernet.
, , Ethernet
.
.
.
Ethernet
2-109

ICND1 v1.0 2-8
(,
: ).
.
.
.
2-110

:
,
, .
,
:
,
.
.
,
:
,
.
;
.
:
,
.
: Gigabit Ethernet
, 10/100
.
:
,
.
;
.
ICND1 v1.0 2-9
show interface, .

:
,
.

,
.

,
.
.

:

,
.
ICND1 v1 .02- 10
show interface, .
Ethernet
2-111

, , .

TFTP-
.
,
.
.
copy running-config start-config
.
.
VTY .
EXEC .
ICND1 v1 .02- 11
,
. , . ,
, : PC
TFTP-.
, , ,
, ,
.
, , ,
. ,
VTY . ,
EXEC.
2-112

, .

.

show interface:

.
ICND1 v1 .02- 12
Ethernet
2-113
2-114

, .

Ethernet
, ,
,
Ethernet .
.

,
Ethernet:
, .

Ethernet,
.
,
STP.
ICND1 v1.0 2-1
(.)
Cisco IOS
,
.
Cisco Catalyst
,
Cisco IOS .

,
,
IP-.

show interface.
ICND1 v1.0 2-2
Ethernet
2-115

, , .

.
1)
? (
.) (:
)
)
)
)
)
)
2)
? (
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)
)
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3)
? ( .)
(:
)
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2-116
,

,

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)
5)
,
.
.
,
,
.
.
.
.
? (:
)
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)
4)
Ethernet.
.

.
.
.
)
6)
. ( .) (:
)
)
)
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)
)
)
7)
, .
MAC-.
, .

.
.
2 OSI.
? (
.) (:
)
)
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8)
, ,
. (:
)
_____ 1.
, -
, ,
.
_____ 2.
, -
,
.
_____ 3.
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)
9)
,
, , .

? ( .)
(:
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)
-, ,

Ethernet
2-117
10)
? (
.) (:
)
)
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)
)
)
11)

? ( .) (:
)
)
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12)
, .
, .

.

.

.

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13)

-, ,

.
.

.
.
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.

. (: )
_____ 1.
,
.
_____ 2.
_____ 3. .
)

)

2-118
14)
Ethernet.
(: )
_____ 1.
,
,
100 M/
_____ 2.
;

;

_____ 3.
_____ 4.
_____ 5.
_____ 6.
)
)
)
15)
Cisco ,
? (: Cisco IOS)
)
)
)
)
16)
-
RAM
POST
TFTP
Catalyst Cisco
? (: Cisco IOS)
)
)
)
)
17)
Ethernet 10BASE-T
Fast Ethernet
Gigabit Ethernet
.
.
.
.
Cisco
, , _____. (:
Cisco IOS)
)
)
)
)
CD-ROM
TFTP-

Ethernet
2-119
18)
,
_____
. (: Cisco IOS)
)
)
)
)
19)

,
?
(: Cisco IOS)
)
)
)
)
20)
hostname#
hostname>
hostname-exec>
hostname-config
EXEC,
? (:
Cisco IOS)
)
)
)
)
2-120
Send.
Enter.
.
5 .
CLI
EXEC? (:
Cisco IOS)
)
)
)
)
22)
EXEC
EXEC
enable EXEC
EXEC
Cisco
? (: Cisco IOS)
)
)
)
)
21)
?
init
help
login
23)
Catalyst
. (: )
_____ 1.
_____ 2.
_____ 3. 3
)
.
)
,
Cisco IOS .
)
, ,
,
.
24)
Catalyst 2950? (: )
)
)
)
)
25)
POST Catalyst ,
? (: )
)
)
)
)
26)
?
?
help c
help c*
,
,
, config? (: )
)
)
)
)
28)
>
EXEC

,
,
Catalyst,
c? (: )
)
)
)
)
27)
./..
.
.
.
onfig?
onfig ?
help config
help config*
Cisco IOS IP-

? (: )
)
)
)
)
ip address
ip address 196.125.243.10
196.125.243.10 ip address
ip address 196.125.243.10 255.255.255.0
Ethernet
2-121
29)

? (: )
)
)
)
)
30)
show interface,
, Catalyst,
-, ?
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31)
)
)
, .
, ,
.
, .
, .
? (
.) (: )
)
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)
2-122
Reset.
.
- .

.
? (
.) (: )
)
)
34)
show ip
show version
show running
show interfaces
Cisco? (: )
)
)
)
)
33)
MTU 1 500 bytes

Hardware is 10BaseT
Address is 0050.BD73.E2C1
802.1d STP State: Forwarding
show EXEC?
(: )
)
)
)
)
32)

VTY
TTY

Exec
35)
,
?
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)
)
)
)
)
36)
?
(: )
)
)
)
)
)
37)
shutdown
port security
mac-secure
firewall
Cisco IOS
? (:
)
)
)
)
)
40)
Cisco IOS
-? (:
)
)
)
)
)
39)
HTTP
Telnet
SSH
RMON
SNMP
Cisco IOS
VTY? (: )
)
)
)
)
38)
shutdown
port security
mac-secure
firewall
?
(: )
)
)
)
)
Ethernet
2-123
41)

? (: )
)
)
)
)
42)
STP? (:
)
)
)
)
)
43)
show controller
show run
show interface
show counters
?
( .) (: ,
)
)
)
)
)
2-124
show controller
show run
show interface
show counters
Cisco IOS ?
(: , )
)
)
)
)
45)
STP ,
.
STP .
STP .
STP ,
.
Cisco IOS
? (: , )
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)
)
44)

, .
,
.

-, .
.
.
.
.
.

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
11)
12)
13)
14)
15)
16)
17)
18)
19)
20)
21)
22)
23)
24)
25)
26)
27)
28)
29)
30)
31)
32)
33)
34)
35)
36)
37)
38)
39)
40)
41)
A,
A, ,
A, ,
, ,
A,
1 = , 2 = , 3 = A
A, ,
A, ,
A, ,
, ,
1 = , 2 = A, 3 = A
1 = , 2 = , 3 = , 4 = , 5 = A, 6 =
A
A
A, ,
A
A
,
A, , ,
Ethernet
2-125
42)
43)
44)
45)
2-126
, ,
.
, () ()
,
. ,
,
, -.

. , :
- ,
;
, .
3-2

,
,
.
,

. ,
.
,
, , .
, :
-
(WLAN);
,
;
,
;
,
FCC ITU-R ;
IEEE 802.11;
Wi-Fi.
-

-
.
2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. .
ICND1 v1.03-2

.
, .

.
,
- ()
.
.
.

(DSL) ,
. 2005

, .

. .

,
.

375 . ,
15 .
, ,
.
3-4
,
, .
, .

,
.
.
, .

OSI.
WLAN CSMA/CA,
CSMA/CD.
() .
, .
:

,

,
Ethernet
.

.
ICND1 v1.03-3

.

(CSMA/CA)

(CSMA/CD), .
,
, ,
.
(RTS Ready to Send)
(CTS Clear to Send), .
Ethernet
.
3-5
2-
.
, .
-
, -, , ,
, -
.
- ,
.

, Ethernet.

, .

-.

.
-,
.
.
3-6
-
AM ,
.
, .

,
.
,

, .
ICND1 v1.03-4
,
.
(, ) (,
).
.
.
: ,
(, ).
: ,
(, )
.
: ,
(, ).
.
,

/ .
.
4 .

.
.
3-7
3-8

- .
.
,

(WLAN).
, .
,
ITU-R:

IEEE:

802.11

Wi-Fi Alliance:

ICND1 v1.03-5

. 900-
ISM ( ,
) 1985
. ,
.
.
(FCC) (http://www.fcc.gov)
(ETSI) (http://www.etsi.org).

(IEEE). IEEE 802.11
802.
- IEEE (http://standards.ieee.org/getieee802).
Wi-Fi Alliance
802.11 .
.

. - 802.11
(WPA), ,
2003 . 2004 .
IEEE 802.11i, 2004 .
Wi-Fi Alliance
.
- (http://www.wi-fi.org).
3-9
,
ITU-R FCC
- .
,
, ITU-R FCC.

ITU-R FCC
ISM:
,

ICND1 v1.03-6
: 900 , 2,4 5,7 .

900- 2,4- ISM,
5 UNII (
).
.
900 : 902928 .
2,4 : 2,4002,483 (
2,495 ).
5 : 51505350 , 57255825 ,
53505725 .
IEEE 802.11a,
. , 802.11a,
.
,
.
, ,
(NPCS).
3-10
, ,
ISM.

. -
. , 2,4
, , Bluetooth,
.

, .

, .
, ,
( ),
, .
(EIRP) ,
.
,
,
. ,
.
= +

,
.
,
.
3-11
802.11
IEEE 802.11.
IEEE 802.11
802.11b
802.11a
802.11g
2,4
2,4
23
(DSSS)

(OFDM)
(DSSS)
(OFDM)
(/)
1, 2, 5.5, 11
6, 9, 12, 18, 24,

1, 2, 5,5, 11
36, 48, 54
6, 9, 12, 18,
24, 36, 48, 54
ICND1 v1.03-7
IEEE MAC
OSI. 802.11
1997 . 1999 . IEEE
802.11a/b, 2003 .
IEEE 802.11g.

OSI. IEEE 802.11b
DSSS ( ).
DSSS ,
, .
IEEE 802.11 ISM 2,4- 14 ,
,
FCC, , 111 . ISM
2,4- 22 5 ,
.
, . ,
11 , FCC, :
1, 6 11.
, ,
.
IEEE 802.11b
ISM 2,4-
3-12

.
802.11b DSSS
CCK (Complementary Code Keying)
- 5,5 11 /,
1 2 /. 802.11b
ISM 2,4-,
802.11, 802.11
1 2 /.
802.11b IEEE ,
802.11a.

OFDM ( )
, UNII 5 .
ISM 2,4-
, Bluetooth, , ,
. ,
. 802.11a
, ,
802.11a, ,
.

802.11b.
IEEE
802.11 MAC ISM
2,4 . IEEE 802.11g , 802.11a,
OFDM ,
802.11b DSSS,
ISM. DSSS 1, 2, 5,5
11 /, OFDM 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 48
54 /. IEEE
6, 12 24 / ,
802.11a 802.11g OFDM.
3-13
Wi-Fi
802.11
802.11. ,
Wi-Fi .
Wi-Fi
Wi-Fi Alliance
.
802.11a,
802.11b, 802.11g,

.

.
Cisco Wi-Fi Alliance.

. -
http://www.wi-fi.com.
ICND1 v1.03-8
Wi-Fi Alliance
,
.
Wi-Fi Alliance
802.11, , .

. - IEEE 802.1,
IEEE,
. Wi-Fi Alliance
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3-14

,
.

.
.
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, .
.
,
.
802.11 IEEE.
ICND1 v1.03-9
(.)
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FCC, .
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.
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3-16
.
(WLAN)
.
, ,
.
.

,
. , :
, IEEE 802.1X
;
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.

IEEE 802.11 (Wired Equivalent
Privacy, WEP).
,
.
.
( )

.
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802.11b/g .

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. WEP- (, , )

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,
,
, (DoS).
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.
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.

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(IDS)
(IPS) .

.
,
, .
,
IPS. IPS
,
. IPS
,
,
.
3-18

.
.
.
WLAN
1997
2001
2003
2004
.
WEP
802.1x EAP
WPA
802.11i / WPA2
,

WE P
MA C-
S SID
802 .1 X E AP
(LE AP, PEAP )

( ,
L EAP , PEA P,
E AP-FAS T)

AES

RADIUS
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.
802.11 64-
WEP- , .
64- 40- 24-
. , ,
, . ,

.
, (SSID) MAC.
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, SSID,
.
SSID ( SSID), . ,
, .
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802.11 (
SSID),
3-19
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, ,
. MAC. ,
.
MAC- , MAC-
.
802.11
,
,
. , Cisco
WEP-, RC4. WEP-
Cisco
Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP)
Cisco (Cisco MIC). , Cisco
802.1X
Cisco Lightweight Extensible Authentication Protocol (Cisco LEAP)
.
Cisco Wi-Fi
WPA .
IEEE 802.11i
,
802.1X WEP-. TKIP
,
Cisco KIP MIC, .
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.

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.

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:
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(
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PSK
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WPA 802.1X
(PSK). ( 802.1X
.) WPA
TKIP. TKIP
(MIC) (PPK)
.
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AES-Counter CBC MAC (AES-CCMP).

, ,
PSK 802.1X/EAP.
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.
PSK
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.
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3-23

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(.)
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,
.
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802.1X PSK.
,
,
PSK 802.1X/EAP.
,
,
PSK.
3-24
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.
, . , ,
,
.
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. ,
:
IEEE 802.11;
BSA;
,
;
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;
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802.11.

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Ad hoc.

(IBSS)

.
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(BSS)

.
(ESS).

BS S.
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802.11 (),
.
3-26
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32 .
Interconnecting Cisco Network Devices Part 1 (ICND1) v1.0
(ESS).
,
.
ESS SSID,

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802.11,
, ,
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3-27
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(ESA) .

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,
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.
, .
;
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,
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(ESA).
,
1015 %,
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1520 %.
.
3-29

.
.

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11 /, 5,5 /,
2 /, 1 /.

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,

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.

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802.11a 802.11g.
3-30

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.

:
IP- ( DHCP),

( 802.11g, 802.11a/b/g, 802.11a)
1,6 11,

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,
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DHCP- IP- ,
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1:
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) .

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Wireless Zero Configuration (WZC):
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PSK
,

Cisco Compatible Extensions

Cisco Secure Services Client

ICND1 v1.0 3-8
-
.
USB-
,

.
.

. Microsoft Windows
(WZC),
plug-and-play.
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WZC .

, .
2000 Cisco
. 95 %

Cisco.
-
http://www.cisco.com. .
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Wi-Fi-; 802.1X, LEAP,

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v2
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Frame Protection),
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.

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.
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3-43
3-44
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B2
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1 = , 2 = A, 3 = B
B4
B5
B6
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B7
B8
B9
B10
B11
A, ,
B12
B13
B14
B15
B16
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B17
B18
B19
B20
A, ,
B21
B22
1 = B, 2 = A, 3 =

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ICND1

Interconnecting Cisco Networking Devices Part 1 (ICND1) v1.0

Interconnecting Cisco Networking Devices Part 1 (ICND1) v1.0

Interconnecting Cisco Networking Devices Part 1 (ICND1) v1.0

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc.

Interconnecting Cisco Networking Devices Part 1 (ICND1) v1.0

Interconnecting Cisco Networking Devices Part 1 (ICND1) v1.0

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc.

200 7 Cisco Syst ems , Inc. .

Inter co nnecting Cisco Networking Devices P art 1

200 7 Cisco Syst ems , Inc. .

Cisco, 1 (ICND1 v1.0)

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc.

200 7 Cisco Syst ems , Inc. .

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc.

200 7 Cisco Syst ems , Inc. .

Cisco, 1 (ICND1 v1.0)

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc.

200 7 Cisco Syst ems , Inc. .

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc.

Cisco, 1 (ICND1 v1.0)

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc.

Cis co Certified E nt ry Netw ork Technician

200 7 Cisco Syst ems , Inc. .

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc.

Lifecycle Services Framework?

Cisco Lif ec ycle Serv ic es Framework ,

Cisco Lifecycle Services

Cisco, 1 (ICND1 v1.0)

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc.

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc.

200 7 Cisco Syst ems , Inc. .

Cisco Lifecycle Services

Cisco, 1 (ICND1 v1.0)

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc.

Network Lifecycle Services:

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc.

200 7 Cisco Syst ems , Inc. .

Cisco, 1 (ICND1 v1.0)

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc.

Interconnecting Cisco Networking Devices Part 1 (ICND1) v1.0

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc.

200 7 Cisco Syst ems , Inc. .

ICND1 v1.0 1-2

Cisco, 1 (ICND1 v1.0)

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc.

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc.

200 7 Cisco Syst ems , Inc. .

ICND1 v1.0 1-3

Cisco, 1 (ICND1 v1.0)

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc.

200 7 Cisco Syst ems , Inc. .

ICND1 v1.0 1-4

200 7 Cisco Syst ems , Inc. .

ICND1 v1.0 1-5

Cisco, 1 (ICND1 v1.0)

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc.

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc.

(Outlook, POP3, Yahoo . .)

200 7 Cisco Syst ems , Inc. .

ICND1 v1.0 1-6

Cisco, 1 (ICND1 v1.0)

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc.

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc.