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I.Ciklus / III.godina/ Predmet: Engleski jezik I

SEMINARSKI RAD
SADANJA VREMENA U ENGLESKOM JEZIKU (Present Simple / Present Continuous)

Student:

Predmetni nastavnik:

Dragan Tomi

Doc.dr.sc Olivera Petrovi

Brko, Veljaa 2014.

TABLE OF CONTENT: Introduction 1. Present Simple Tense.......................................................................2 1.1. Confirmation form of Simple Present Tense...............................2 1.2. Negative form of Simple Present Tense......................................3 1.3. Questions in the Simple Present Tense .......................................3 (Interrogative form) 2. Present Continuous Tense................................................................4 2.1. Confirmation form of Present Continuous Tense........................4 2.2. Negative form of Present Continuous Tense...............................4 2.3. Questions in the Present Continuous Tense.................................5 (Interrogative form) 3. Conclusion........................................................................................6 4. Literature..........................................................................................6

INTRODUCTION
Tenses are grammatical categories, which help us to locate a situation in time.There are present, perfect and future tense. In English language we first learn about Present Tenses. There are Four tipes of Present tenses: - Present simple - Present continuous - Present perfect - Present perfect continuous In this essay I'm going to try explaining the first two tipes of Present Tense. Those are Present Simple Tense and Present Continuous Tense. These are the basics of English language. So lets start with Present Simple Tense.

1. PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE

The simple present or present simple is one of the verb forms associated with the present tense in modern English. It is called "simple" because its basic form consists of a single word (like write or writes), in contrast with other present tense forms such as the present progressive (is writing) and present perfect (has written). Principal use is to express: 1. Action happening very often, repeated actions or unchanging situations, emotions and wishes. (I always take a shower.- He writtes for a living.) 2. To refer to a present or general state, whether temporary or permanent. (I love you. I know what to do.) 3. It can be used when quoting someone or something ( Veronica says she's ready.) 4. In zero conditional sentences in both parts of the sentence (Ice melts if you heat it.) Built from the infinitive of the main verb (go, work, speak, study) to all persons, except the third person singular. For all three genders (he, she, it) on the main verb infinitive we add -s or -es sequel (goes, works...)

Exceptional rule:
If the verb ends in ''ss'',''sh'',''ch'',''x'' or ''o'' in the third person singular we add es on infinitive (kiss-kisses, finish-finishes, watch-watches, mix-mixes, go-goes). If the verb ends in y we change y with i and then we add es. (study-studies, copycopies, try-tries, carry-carries.) Simple present tense is formed by an auxiliary verb "to do". The auxiliary verb in the present tense can have two basic forms: 1. Do 2. Does Behind the auxiliary verb always comes the main verb in the infinitive.

1.1 Confirmation form of simple present tense

I do work (I work) WE do work (We work)

YOU do work (You work)

YOU do work (You work)

HE, SHE,IT does work (HE, SHE, IT works)

THEY do work (They work)

1.2 Negative form of simple present tense

To express negativ form simply add additional extension not to a auxiliary verb.
I do not work (I don't work) WE do not work (We don't work)

YOU do not work (You don't work)

YOU do not work (You don't work)

HE, SHE,IT does not work (HE, SHE, IT doesn't work)

THEY do not work (They don't work)

1.3 Questions in the Simple Present Tense ( Interrogative form )

Interrogative form is formed so that we only reverse position of pronouns and auxiliary verbs. At this point, an auxiliary verb comes first. Do you walk every day ? Does he walk every day ? Frequently used adverbs: Always Often Usually Sometimes Never Every

2. PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Present Continuous Tense is the tense of the English language that expresses an action that is happening at the time when we talk about it. Present Continuous Tense is also used to express future actions that are already planned. For example, I am taking my exam next month. Principal use is to express: 1.Action happening in a moment of speech (What are you doing? I'm washing dishes.) 2.Action is happening in this period, don't have to be in this moment, we have an idea that this period will end. (I'm reading an excellent book. I'm learning English.) 3.Trend expressing (The price of that house is going up.) Formation of Present Continuous Tense is based on the auxiliary verb "to be" that changes by pronouns. At the same time the main verb gets specific continuation of "ing". Its purpose in the English language is to show that some action is happening right now.

2.1 Confirmation form of Present Continuous Tense

I am working (I'm working) WE are working (We're working)

YOU are working (You're working)

YOU are working (You're working)

HE, SHE,IT is working (HE's, SHE's, IT's working)

THEY are working (They're working)

2.2 Negative form of Present Continuous Tense

I am not working (I'm not working) WE are not working (We're not working)

YOU are not working (You're not working)

YOU are not working (You're not working)

THEY are not working (They're not HE, SHE,IT is not working (HE's, SHE's, IT's not working) working)

2.3 Questions in the Present Continuous Tense ( Interrogative form )

Rule is the same for Present Continuous Tense as it was for Simple Present. It means reverse position of pronouns and auxiliary verbs. You are reading now. - Are you reading now ?

Frequently used adverbs: Now At the moment

3. CONCLUSION

Main difference:
Simple Present is used to express general facts (The earth goes around the sun. I like apples.) action that is repeated (We go to school every day.) , future when we are certain in it. Example. The bus leaves at three. Present Continuous is used to express an action that is happening at the moment (I'm writing now.) or slightly wider (I'm reading a good book.)

4. LITERATURE
http://www.ucenje.engl.jezika.blogspot.com http://wikipedia.com http://www.link-elearning.com Fifty Strategies for Teaching English Language by Adrianne L. Hennele Skills and Language for Study, Cambridge , by Alistar McNair and Claire Walsh