Pointing Devices

Mouse

Input and Output Devices

Most commonly used with an on screen cursor Main input device for a GUI

Trackball
A stationary mouse upside down

Joystick
Operates like an aircraft joystick Returns to central position when released

Chapter 07
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Overview
Input Devices Keyboard Entry Pointing Devices Scanners Document Readers OMR, OCR, MICR Bar Codes Magnetic Strip Cards Output Devices CRT Screens Flat Panel Screens Printers
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Mouse

Right Button Click

Left Button Click

Keyboard
Most widely used input device Style adapted form the typewriter Differs due to the inclusion of the CTRL key Extra sections in the keyboard Function keys Cursor / screen positional keys Numeric keypad Indicator lights

Mouse

Mouse
The rollers that touch the ball and detect X and Y motion

Parts of a Scanner
Charge-coupled device (CCD) array Mirrors Scan head Glass plate Lamp Lens Cover Filters Stepper motor Stabilizer bar Belt Control circuitry

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Mouse
optical encoding disk:

Scanners

infrared LED and an infrared sensor.

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Scanners

Charge Coupled device (CCD)

One of the two main types of image sensors used in digital cameras. When a picture is taken, the CCD is struck by light coming through the cameras lens. Each of the thousands or millions of tiny pixels that make up the CCD convert this light into electrons. The number of electrons, is then converted to a digital value.

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Scanners
The fluorescent lamp on top of the scan head.

Mark Reader
Marking of MCQ Question Papers
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Document Reader
Data is read directly from the source documents. Mark reader Character Reader

Optical Character Reader

Alphabets and numbers can be read by special machines Can also be read by human Uses a light source to read characters Converts them into electrical signals Sends to the computer for processing

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Mark Reader
Sends a thin beam of light on to the paper Detects the reflected light Dark pencil mark absorbs the beam i.e. Multiple choice examination

OCR
Application One useful application of OCR is in the processing of turnaround documents. A turnaround document is a document printed by a computer. Later, when extra data has been added, the document is read by an OCR reader and the data is input to the computer for processing. For example, turnaround documents may be used by gas or electricity boards to collect meter readings from all their customers. The stages in the data processing are....
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OCR
The computer prints out a meter reading sheet for each customer in an OCR font showing their name, address, meter number and other details The meter readers read the meters and add the readings to each sheet. They may use careful hand-written figures to record the readings. The completed meter reading sheets are input using an OCR reader, and the computer produces the bills. OCR reader speeds of up to 1500 sheets per minute may be expected.
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MICR
Bank cheques have the following information encoded at the bottom : - the cheque number - the branch number - the customers account number After the customer has written a cheque, the bank also encodes the amount of money using magnetic ink. Cheques are then input and read automatically by an M.I.C.R. reader, and the money processed.
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MICR
Highly specialized numeric characters using magnetic ink Common example is a personal cheques

Data Capture Devices

Special p[purpose devices intended for us in particular applications

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MICR

Direct Data Input Devices

Sensing devices Detect and pass the data directly to the computer
i.e. Production line Supermarket checkout In chemical works, Food factory or brewery

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Bar Codes

Magnetic Strip Cards

Advantages : Easy and cheap to produce. Not easily damaged. Each stores a fairly large number of characters (about 72) Cuts down the amount of writing involved in a transaction. Disadvantages. The data can be changed or erased by magnetic fields. The stripe can be damaged by scratching.

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Bar Codes
In many libraries, every book has a bar-code inside the front cover. This contains a number which uniquely identifies the book. Each user of the library is issued with a card which also has a bar code printed on it. The coded number uniquely identifies the user. The library counter has on it a number of terminals. These are connected directly to the county librarys central computer. Each terminal has a bar code reader in the form of a hand-held wand.
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Smart Cards
These have very thin memory chips sealed into them. Some of the data in them can be changed. One card can store about 8000 characters.

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Bar Codes
When a book is taken out, the librarian uses the wand to read the bar code on the book and then the bar code on the borrowers card. The central computer receives these numbers and records the book loan in a loans file. When the book is returned, the librarian uses the wand to read the bar code in the book. This is automatically transmitted to the main computer which deletes the loan from the loans file.
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Display
A single bit is needed for each pixel (2 brightness level) Termed bit mapped For gray scale or color image require more pixels Very good gray scales with 8 bits/pixel (256 shades) for photographic quality require 24 bits
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Display

Printers
Produces permanent hard copy Rely on mechanical parts More expensive than CRT Less reliable Prices vary quality & technology All printers perform
Move the paper to a given line Move the print head to a given point along a line Select a character to be printed Make a mark on the paper corresponding to that character
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CRT display Flat panel display (LCD)

CRT Display
Use rater-scan technology Beam of electron is sent to the screen Causes the phosper coated screen to emit light forming an image Resolution is measured by the no of vertical and horizontal pixels

Dot Matrix Printer

Forms individual characters with dots No of needles passes the ink ribbon onto the paper Has few moving parts Low cost 24 pin head can produce high quality output

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Flat Panel Display

Thinner and lighter Most common is the LCD Thin Film Transistor (TFT) are becoming more popular

Daisy Wheel Printer

Has a disk with slender petals or spokes End of each petal is an embossed character A typical Daisy Wheel ahs 96 spokes Wheel rotates in front of the ribbon Each character passes between the hammer and ribbon Hammer forces the petal against the ribbon on mark paper
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Ink Jet Printers

Ink Jet Printers

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Ink Jet Printer

Ink is emitted from a tiny nozzle Nozzle is vibrated Ink is broken up into individual drops Each drop is given is given an electrical charge By moving the beam, characters can be written on to the surface of the paper When the bema is not defected ink drop do not strike Ink is collected in a reservoir for reuse
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Ink Jet Printers

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Ink Jet Printers

Ink Jet Printers

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Laser Printer

Laser Printer

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Laser Printer
High quality text and graphics No more than a photocopier At eth heart lies a drum Wide as the sheet of paper to be printed Drum is coated with Selenium Modern laser printers use organic chemicals instead Selenium Surface of the drum is charged By lenses and mirrors the image is written onto the drum
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Laser Printer

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Laser Printer
Corresponding area of the drum is illuminated Causes Selenium to loose its charge The drum is rotated Toner is attracted to the parts of the drum that's charged Drum rotates in contact with the paper Papers is charged Toner transfers form the drum to the paper Eventually the Selenium must be replaced
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Laser Printer

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Laser Printer

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