Non-Routine Problems Solving Problem Solving 1: How many possible seating arrangements could be made if there are 3 chairs

and four students? Understand the problem: Different people sit on chairs with order without repeating is count as different arrangements. Strategy 1: Guess and check Guess: There will be 5 outcomes of different arrangements of seats. (Assumption make by Kueh Yen Nee) Check: List out all the possible ways of seating and count one by one. Chairs- Chair A (Red colour), Chair B (Blue colour) The process is maked as below: Students- Student 1, Student 2, Student 3 1. Student 1 takes Chair A, student 2 takes chair B 2. Student 1 takes Chair A, student 3 takes chair B 3. Student 2 takes Chair A, student 1 takes chair B 4. Student 2 takes Chair A, student 3 takes chair B 5. Student 3 takes Chair A, student 2 takes chair B 6. Student 3 takes Chair A, student 1 takes chair B, There are 6 outcomes of different arrangement of seats. Review: This method is quite suitable for this problem. However, it takes a longer time to find out the answer.

Strategy 2: Making tables Group Type of arrangement Chairs: A , B Chairs: B, A 1A, 2B 1B,2A 1A,3B 1B,3A 2A,3B 2B,3A Students : 1 and 2 Students : 1 and 3 Students: 2 and 3

There are 6 possible outcomes of arrangement.

Review: This method is most suitable because it spends less space and it interprets all the important data and it is clear as well as easy to find out all the possible outcomes.

Problem Solving 2:
2 1 of the audiences are teenager; of the 3 4 audiences are children and the rest are adult. The price of the entrance ticket for each child is RM 6 and for each teenagers and adult is the price of the entrance ticket are the same. If the total amount of the entrance ticket collected is RM 450, calculate the price of the entrance ticket for each teenager and adult.

There are 60 audiences in the cinema. If

Strategy 1: Break up the problem into smaller ones and try to solve these first. Understand the problem. From the problem above, it wants us to find the price of the entrance ticket for each teenager and adult. Devise a plan. For this problem, I decided to use the strategy that is break up the problem into smaller ones and try to solve these first. Carry out a plan. To find total amount of the price of the entrance ticket collected, we try to carry out the problem by using:

Strategy: Break up the problem into smaller ones and try to solve these first Step 1: List out all the information that given in the question. There are 60 audiences;
2 of the audiences are teenager; 3 1 of the audiences are children: 4

the rest are adult.

Step 2: Find the number of each child, teenager and adult in the cinema. Number of teenager: Number of teenager =
2 x 60 3

= 40 Therefore, there are 40 teenagers in the cinema. Number of children: Number of children =
1 x 60 4

= 15 Therefore, there are 15 children in the cinema. Number of adult: Number of adult = 60 - 40 - 15 =5 Therefore, there are 5 adults in the cinema.

Step 3: Calculate the total price of the entrance ticket for each children. For children: Total price of entrance ticket = = 15 x 6 90

Step 4: Find the total amount of the price of the entrance ticket for teenager and adult. Let C = total amount of the price of the entrance ticket for teenager and adult Total price of the entrance ticket for all audiences = 450 C + 90 = 450 C = 450 90 = 360 Therefore, the total amount of the entrance ticket for teenager and adult is RM 360. Step 5: Find the price of the entrance ticket for each teenager and adult. Total number of teenager and adult = = 40 + 5 45 = =
360 45

The price of the entrance ticket for each teenager and adult

Therefore, the price of the entrance ticket for each teenager and adult is RM 8.

Review: Total price of ticket collected, = 15 ( 6 ) + 40 ( 8 ) + 5 ( 8 ) = 90 + 320 + 40 = 450 ( Proven )

This method is most suitable. It is easier to solve the problem. Furthermore, it is easy for us to understand the problem since every step is very simple and compact. Strategy 2: Solve an equation Understand the problem. From the problem above, it wants us to find the total amount of the price of the entrance ticket is collected. Devise a plan. For this problem, I decided to use the strategy that is solve an equation. Carry out a plan. To find total amount of the price of the entrance ticket collected, we try to carry out the problem by using: Strategy: Solve an equation. Let: a = number of children b = number of teenager c = number of adult d = price of the entrance ticket for each teenager and adult

Step 1: Find the number of each children, teenager and adult in the cinema. Number of children: Number of children, a =
1 x 60 4

= 15 Therefore, a = 15. Number of teenager: Number of teenager, b =

2 x 60 3

Therefore, b=40

= 40 Number of adult: Number of adult, c = 60 - 40 - 15 =5 Therefore, there are c = 5. Step 2: List out all the equation. a = 15---------------------------- (1) b = 40---------------------------- (2) c = 5----------------------------- (3) 6a + d(b + c)= 450---------------(4) Substitute equation (1) into equation (4) 6(15) + d(b + c) = 450 90 + d(b + c) = 450----------------------------(5)

Substitute equation (2) into equation (5) 90 + d(40 + c) = 450 90 + d(40 + c) = 450---------------------------(6) Substitute equation (3) into equation (6) 90 + d(40 + 5) = 450 90 + 45d = 450 45d = 450 90 45d = 360 d=
360 45

Therefore, the price of the ticket entrance for each teenager and adult is RM 8. Review: Total price of ticket collected, = 15 ( 6 ) + 40 ( 8 ) + 5 ( 8 ) = 90 + 320 + 40 = 450 ( Proven ) This method is a bit suitable. It takes longer time to solve the solution. This strategy involves a lot of equations.

Problem Solving 3: How many eggs are in the basket if (a) There are fewer than 6 dozen eggs, and (b) Counted 2 at a time, there is 1 left over, and (c) Counted 3 at a time, there are none left over, and (d) Counted 4, 5, or 6, at a time, there are 3 left over?

Understand the problem: I dozen of eggs = 12 eggs Strategy 1: Guess and Check Guess: 9<x<72 eggs. (Assumption)

Check: 6 dozen of eggs = 6 x 12 = 72 eggs Less than 6 dozen of eggs, 9<X< 72 eggs

Review: This method is good to know the range of digit but cannot gain the accurate answer that is needed. Strategy 2: Looking for patterns

Tips (a) shown that the number of eggs are less than 6 dozen. Thats mean the number of eggs must not more than 72 eggs, X<72. Tips (b) shown that the particular digit must be an odd number as after divided by 2, the remainder will be 1. Tips (c) shown that it can be divided by 3, hence the number must be a multiple of 3. Tips (d) shown that this digit will give a remainder of 3 if divided by 4, 5 or 6.In the other words, this digit is common factor of 4,5 or 6 but with a condition add 3 with them.

Hence, we can conclude that:

x= number of eggs

y= common factor of 4, 5, 6 = 60 Review: This method is quite suitable as it aids to interpret most data. However, it doesnt provide an accurate digit or answer.

Strategy 3: Acting out

y+3 = x, Substitute, y=60; 60+3 = x, x= 63.

remainder =0 Check tips,(b), , remainder =0 x+1 2 (63)+1 2 64 , remainder =0, (the assumption is correct)

Review:

2 This method is most suitable to be used as we can know the correct answer that we need.

Question 2: One morning, a monkey fell down to a hole which is 51 m deep. If it climbs 16m at first hour, 13m at second hour, 10m at third hour and it continues to climb up the wall of the hole at his rate in order to get out. If the monkey continues to climb out from the hole at the same rate, how long will it takes the monkey to escape from the hole? Strategy 1: Making a table. Understand the problem: From the problem above, it wants us to find how many hours does the monkey takes to escape itself from the hole which is 51m deep. Devise a plan: For this problem, I decided to use the strategy that is making a table. Carry out a plan: Strategy: Making a table First of all, we have to list down all the information that can be found in the question given. Hint: It climbs 16m at the first hour It climbs 13m at the second hour It climbs 10m at the third hour The total distance have to be climbed by the monkey in order for him to reach the top of the hole is 51m.

From the information given, we can found that the distance climbed by the monkey will be decreased by 3m as it climbs up the wall of the hole. Therefore, we can find out the distance climbed by the monkey for the next each hour.

Making a table: Hour 1 2 3 4 5 6 Total distance climbed by the monkey 16 16+13=29 29+10=39 39+ 7 =46 46+ 4 =50 50+ 1 =51

Table 2 Based on the Table 2 on the previous page, we can find that the monkey takes 6 hours to escape itself from the hole which is 51m deep.

Review: This strategy is a most suitable because it takes a short time to solve the problem.

Problem Created Michael earns RM7, 000 per month as a general manager at his company. Every month, he will put RM1, 000 on his saving; RM 1, 000 on his pocket money; RM 500 on his household expenses and give RM 1, 000 to his parent. He will give the balance of his salary to his wife. One day, his wife decided to use the money given by Michael to buy a laptop and a camera for her daughters birthday present. After that, she bought the camera and laptop, the balance of her money was RM 500. If the price of the laptop is 4 times greater than the price of the camera, what is the price of each laptop and camera that Michaels wife bought?

Strategy 1: Break up the problem into smaller ones and try to solve these first. Understand the problem. From the problem given, we are needed to find the costs of each camera and laptop that Michaels wife bought. Devise a plan. I decided to solve the problem by using the strategy that is break up the problem into smaller ones and try to solve these first. Carry out a plan. To find the price of each camera and laptop, we try to carry out the problem by using: Break up the problem into smaller ones and try to solve these first Step 1: List out all the information that given in the question. Salary of Michael per month His saving per month Pocket money Household expenses For his parent = RM 7, 000 = RM 1, 000 = RM 1, 000 = RM 500 = RM 1, 000

Step 2: Find the total amount of money that Michael gives to his wife monthly. Based on the information given, we can find the amount of money that Michael gives to his wife monthly. From the question given, we know that he gives the balance of his salary to his wife. The amount of money that Michael gives to his wife monthly, = 7000 1000 1000 - 500 1000 = 3500 Therefore, the total amount of money that Michael gives to his wife monthly is RM3500. Step 3: Find the total cost of the laptop and the camera. But, she decided to buy a laptop and a camera for her daughters birthday present. After, she bought the laptop and the camera, her money only left RM 500 The total costs of both laptop and camera = 3500 500 = 3000 Therefore, the total costs of both laptop and camera is RM 3000. Step 4: Find the cost of each laptop and camera. Based on this question given, the price of the laptop is 4 times greater that the price of the camera. Therefore the ratio of the price of the laptop to the price of the camera is 4 : 1 . Let a = total costs of laptop and camera Based on the ratio given, 5a = RM 3000 a = RM 400

Since the ratio of the price of the laptop to the price of the camera is 4 : 1 , the price of the camera is RM 600 and the price of the laptop will be 4 times greater than the price of the camera.

Therefore, the price of the laptop is as follow: = 400 x 6 = 2400 Thus, the price of the laptop is RM 2400. Answer: The price of the camera is RM 600 while the price of the laptop is RM 2400. Review: This strategy is most suitable. It gives us accurate results compared to the other strategy. Besides, it takes short time to solve the problem.

Strategy 2: Guess and check Understand the problem. From the problem given, we are needed to find the costs of each camera and laptop that Michaels wife bought. Devise a plan. I decided to solve the problem by using the strategy that is guess and check Carry out a plan. To find the price of each camera and laptop, we try to carry out the problem by using: Strategy : Guess and check. Step 1: List out all the information that given in the question. Salary of Michael per month His saving per month Pocket money Household expenses For his parent = RM 7, 000 = RM 1, 000 = RM 1, 000 = RM 500 = RM 1, 000

Step 2: Find the total amount of money that Michael gives to his wife monthly. Based on the information given, we can find the amount of money that Michael gives to his wife monthly. From the question given, we know that he gives the balance of his salary to his wife. The amount of money that Michael gives to his wife monthly, = 7000 1000 1000 - 500 1000 = 3500 Therefore, the total amount of money that Michael gives to his wife monthly is RM3500. Step 3: List out the possibilities. Based on the question, we know that the ratio of the price of the laptop to the price of the camera is 4 : 1. Possibility 1: If the price of camera is RM 200, then: The price of laptop = 200 x 4 = 800 Total cost of laptop and camera = 800 + 200 = RM 1000 The total cost is not equal to RM 3000. Therefore, the possibility is not valid. Possibility 2: If the price of camera is RM 300, then: The price of laptop = 300 x 4 = 1200 Total cost of laptop and camera = 1200 + 300 = RM 1500 The total cost is not equal to RM 3000. Therefore, the possibility is not valid

Possibility 3: If the price of camera is RM 400, then: The price of laptop = 400 x 4 = 1600 Total cost of laptop and camera = 1600 + 400 = RM 2000 The total cost is not equal to RM 3000. Therefore, the possibility is not valid.

Possibility 4: If the price of camera is RM 500, then: The price of laptop = 500 x 4 = 2000 Total cost of laptop and camera = 2000 + 500 = RM 2500 The total cost is not equal to RM 3000. Therefore, the possibility is not valid.

Possibility 5: If the price of camera is RM 600, then: The price of laptop = 600 x 4 = 2400 Total cost of laptop and camera = 2400 + 600 = RM 3000 The total cost is equal to RM 3000. Therefore, the possibility is valid. Review: This strategy can give us accurate results. But, we need longer time to solve the problem using this strategy since it involves a lot of possibilities.

Conclusion: - Strategy 1 is the most efficient strategy - This is because it shows specifically way to solve the problem - This method can give accurate answer to solve any kind of problems in Mathematic skill