Death Drive - A deep look into the human psyche.

An expert on the psychology of killing, military psychologist , David Grossman ,says, the same tactics used in military to increase the killing rates are used in the media and entertainment especially in interactive video games. It naturalises violence and death as a way of life. It resembles simulation techniques. he person is conditioned to react in a particular way under a particular circumstance. !rutalisation , classical conditioning , operant conditioning , role modeling are present in disguise , in such games. "hen people are frightened or angry , they will do what they have been conditioned to do. he military and law enforcement have made killing a conditioned response. In the #$A two million teenagers carry knives and guns. As many as %&', ((( take them to school. Americans spend over %(( million dollars on toy guns every year. )ducation about media and violence does make a difference. If we don*t present our values, then the media will inflict theirs on our children. +odern marketing is a post,world war II phenomenon, with roots in war time propaganda. echniques of mass persuasion , have been in existence since long time before that. Insights into depth psychology developed by -reud etc for the purpose of healing ,being turned against humanity, by manipulating human motivations and desires, creating wants in people that they still did not reali.ed existed. /eople*s subsurface desires, needs and drives are probed in order to find their points of vulnerability. 0nce identified psychological hooks are fashioned and used. "hilst the ethical issue of promoting addictive behavior may be clear with tobacco , much wider range of social and environmental ills can also be partly attributed to motivational manipulation. he depth psychological techniques are used ultimately to control the behavior. 1iolative imagery is effective because it taps into what -reud called 2 death instinct 2 and /aul -edern later termed 2 death drive3, which according to -reud is an instinct that drives a living organism back into the anorganic state of existence. -reud affirms that there is indeed a force in humanity which idealises unknowing, hates knowledge and seeks to undo development. -irst world war presented -reud with cases of neurosis. he evidence suggests that human body harbors a mechanism that translates extreme suffering , particularly if associated with suffocation into a form of excitement, which was reported by prisoners of war tortured by the enemy etc.
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4ritics have qualified -reud*s concept of death instinct as a biological speculation. Although the expectations and interpretation of -reud*s idea pursued a psychological direction , the biological level was directly implicated by -reud himself. -reud states that the organism is defending itself from the instinct of death by shunting and converting into aggression. In 2 !eyond the /leasure /rinciple 2 he says 2 he deficiencies in our description would probably vanish if we were already in a position to replace the psychological terms by physiological or chemical ones3. $tudies on programmed , encoded death at the cellular level ,by 5. 6urak, and ). 7lain, 6agreb $chool of +edicine, 480A IA ,confirms biological basis. In %9:; 7err and "yllie and 4urie proposed the term 2apoptosis3 to describe the by then poorly recogni.ed mechanism of cell elimination control.. it is important to note that there is no reactive inflammation around the apoptotic cells, which means that the cell is eliminated without any stimulus from the immune system. $o the fateful question is whether humans will destroy themselves with the power of modern technology and bureaucratic organi.ation which only amplify what are still primitive and unconscious aggressive passions in the human psyche. -reud comes to the conclusion that the whole effort of building up civili.ation will lead to 2 a state of affairs which the individual will be unable to tolerate < here is some kind of conflict here between what individuals want and what society wants of individuals. -rancis 5 =oseph

Intuition > ref.

heory ? @ means 2 ability to sense or know without reasoning , without apparent effort, quick and ready insight seemingly independent of previous experiences or empirical knowledge. Decision making based on intuition will be similar to Aumping into the deep sea without any kind of protection and without knowing swimming. "here you have sharks , !lue whales and $trong under currents.
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)dward De !ono talks about BA )8AB CI57I5G. And /A8ABB)B CI57I5G. "You cannot dig a hole in a different place by digging the same hole deeper" his means that trying harder in the same direction may not be as useful as changing direction. )ffort in the same direction >approach@ will not necessarily succeed. "In any self-organising system there is a need to escape from a local optimum in order to move towards a more global optimum. The techni ues of lateral thinking! such as provocation! are designed to help that change." his is another technical definition. It is important because it also defines the mathematical need for creativity. "arallel thinking is best understood in contrast to traditional argument or adversarial thinking. "ith the traditional argument or adversarial thinking each side takes a different position and then seeks to attack the other side. )ach side seeks to prove that the other side is wrong. his is the type of thinking established by the Greek Gang of hree >$ocrates, /lato and Aristotle@ two thousand four hundred years ago. Adversarial thinking completely lacks a constructive, creative or design element. It was intended only to discover the DtruthD not to build anything. "ith Dparallel thinkingD both sides >or all parties( are thinking in parallel in the same direction. here is co,operative and co,ordinated thinking. he direction itself can be changed in order to give a full scan of the situation. !ut at every moment each thinker is thinking in parallel with all the other thinkers. here does not have to be agreement. $tatements or thoughts which are indeed contradictory are not argued out but laid down in parallel.In the final stage the way forward is DdesignedD from the parallel thought that have been laid out. wo useful !ooks !y )dward De !ono
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%. Bateral

hinkingE 4reativity $tep !y $tep

;. I am 8ight , ?ou are "rong. -rom this to the 5ew 8enaissanceE -rom 8ock Bogic to "ater Bogic. A5D %. /eripheral 1isionE Detecting the weak signals that will make or break your 4ompany !y George D Day ;. A !eginner*s Guide to ImmortalityE )xtraordinary /eople, Alien !rains And Fuantum 8esurrection !y 4lifford A /ickover he pertinent question to be asked > to David /erkins G Author of 2 he )ureka )ffect E he Art and Bogic of !reakthrough hinking3 @ is 24an /erkins describe a series of steps that can define how the mind can actually achieve breakthroughs<3 De !ono identifies four critical factors associated with lateral thinkingE >%@ recogni.e dominant ideas that polari.e perception of a problem, >;@ searching for different ways of looking at things, >&@ relaxation of rigid control of thinking, and >H@ use of chance to encourage other ideas. his last factor has to do with the fact that lateral thinking involves low,probability ideas which are unlikely to occur in the normal course of events. Although De !ono does not acknowledge any theoretical antecedents for lateral thinking, it seems closely related to the Gestalt theory of "ertheimer. Cis work is also highly relevant to the concept of creativity. #estalt psychology is a theory of mind and brain that proposes that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts. his is in contrast to the IatomisticI principle of operation of the digital computer, where every computation is broken down into a sequence of simple steps, each of which is computed independently of the problem as a whole. Although +ax "ertheimer is credited as the founder of the movement, the concept of Gestalt was first introduced in contemporary philosophy and psychology by 4hristian von )hrenfels. he idea of Gestalt has its roots in theories by =ohann "olfgang von Goethe, Immanuel 7ant, and )rnst +ach. "ertheimerDs unique contribution was to insist that the Gestalt is
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perceptually primary, defining the parts of which it was composed, rather than being an IadditionalI element over and above the components parts, as von )hrenfels earlier Gestalt-qualitt had been. )arly ;(th century theorists, such as 7urt 7offka, +ax "ertheimer, and "olfgang 7Jhler >students of 4arl $tumpf@ saw obAects as perceived within an environment according to all of their elements taken together as a global construct. his DgestaltD or Dwhole formD approach sought to define principles of perception ,, seemingly innate mental laws which determined the way in which obAects were perceived Gestalt psychologists find it is important to think of problems as a whole. +ax "ertheimer considered thinking to happen in two waysE productive and reproductive. "roductive thinking, is solving a problem with insight. $eproductive thinking,is solving a problem with previous experiences and what is already known #estalt "sychology, founded by +ax "ertheimer, was to some extent a rebellion against the molecularism of "undt*s program for psychology, in sympathy with many others at the time, including "illiam =ames. In fact, the word Gestalt means a unified or meaningful whole, which was to be the focus of psychological study instead. It had its roots in a number of older philosophers and psychologistsE %rnst &ach >%K&K,%9%L@ introduced the concepts of space forms and time forms. "e see a square as a square, whether it is large or small, red or blue, in outline or technicolor... his is space form. Bikewise, we hear a melody as recogni.able, even if we alter the key in such a way that none of the notes are the same. 'hristian von %hrenfels >%K'9,%9&;@, who studied with !rentano in 1ienna, is the actual originator of the term #estalt as the Gestalt psychologists were to use it. In %K9(, in fact, he wrote a book called (n #estalt )ualities. 0ne of his students was none other than +ax "ertheimer. The Theory
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Gestalt psychology is based on the observation that we often experience things that are not a part of our simple sensations. he original observation was "ertheimer*s, when he noted that we perceive motion where there is nothing more than a rapid sequence of individual sensory events. his is what he saw in the toy stroboscope he bought at the -rankfurt train station, and what he saw in his laboratory when he experimented with lights flashing in rapid succession >like the 4hristmas lights that appear to course around the tree, or the fancy neon signs in Bos 1egas that seem to move@. he effect is called the phi phenomenon, and it is actually the basic principle of motion picturesM If we see what is not there, what is it that we are seeing< ?ou could call it an illusion, but its not an hallucination. "etheimer explained that you are seeing an effect of the whole event, not contained in the sum of the parts. "e see a coursing string of lights, even though only one light lights at a time, because the whole event contains relationships among the individual lights that we experience as well. -urthermore, say the Gestalt psychologists, we are built to experience the structured whole as well as the individual sensations. And not only do we have the ability to do so, we have a strong tendency to do so. "e even add structure to events which do not have gestalt structural qualities.

/areto principle > ref . theory x@

he "areto principle >also known as the *+-,+ rule, the law of the vital few and the principle of factor sparsity@ states that for many phenomena, K(N of the consequences stem from ;(N of the causes. he idea has rule,of, thumb application in many places, but it is commonly misused. -or example, it is a misuse to state that a solution to a problem Ifits the K(,;( ruleI Aust because it fits K(N of the casesO it must be implied that this solution requires only ;(N of the resources needed to solve all cases. +athematically, where something is shared among a sufficiently large set of participants, there will always be a number k between '( and %(( such that k% is taken by >%(( P k@ N of the participants. Cowever, k may vary from '( in the case of equal distribution to nearly %(( in the case of a tiny number of participants taking almost all of the resources. here is nothing special about the number K(, but many systems will have k somewhere around this region of intermediate imbalance in distribution.
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he principle was suggested by management thinker =oseph +. =uran. It was named after the Italian economist 1ilfredo /areto, who observed that K(N of income in Italy was received by ;(N of the Italian population he assumption is that most of the results in any situation are determined by a small number of causes. his idea is often applied to data such as sales figuresE I;(N of clients are responsible for K(N of sales volume.I $uch a statement is testable, is likely to be approximately correct, and may be helpful in decision making. 8ichard 7och has written extensively on how to apply the principle in all walks of life. his is a special case of the wider phenomenon of /areto distributions. If the parameters in the /areto distribution are suitably chosen, then one would have not only K(N of effects coming from ;(N of causes, but also K(N of that top K(N of effects coming from ;(N of that top ;(N of causes, and so on >K(N of K(N is LHNO ;(N of ;(N is HN, so this implies a ILH,H lawI. he /areto principle is only tangentially related to /areto efficiency, which was also introduced by the same economist, 1ilfredo /areto. /areto developed both concepts in the context of the distribution of income and wealth among the population. he /areto principle has many applications in quality control, and is the basis for the pareto chart, one of the key tools used in total quality control and six sigma. In computer science the /areto principle can be applied to resource optimi.ation by observing that K(N of the resources are typically used by ;(N of the operations. In software engineering, it is often a better approximation that 9(N of the execution time of a computer program is spent executing %(N of the code >known as the -+./+ law in this context@. he /areto principle serves as a baseline for A!4,analysis and Q?6, analysis, widely used in logistics and procurement for the purpose of optimi.ing stock of goods, as well as costs of keeping and replenishing that stock A time and motion study >or time-motion study@ > ref. Gemba 7ai.en @ is a business efficiency technique combining the ime $tudy work of
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-rederick "inslow aylor with the +otion $tudy work of -rank and Billian Gilbreth >best known through the biographical %9'( film and book Cheaper by the Dozen@. It is a maAor part of $cientific management. A time and motion study would be used to reduce the number of motions in performing a task in order to increase productivity. he best known experiment involved bricklaying. hrough carefully scrutinising a bricklayerDs Aob, -rank Gilbreth reduced the number of motions in laying a brick from %K to about '. Cence the bricklayer both increased productivity and decreased fatigue. he Gilbreths developed what they called therbligs >ItherbligI being IGilbrethI spelled backwards, with a slight variation@, a classification scheme comprising %: basic hand motions. 0f course when workers and managers are commited , the productivity multiplies. "hat will make the commitment happen < In !reakthrough thinking, why only 0/ management should be involved < "hen theory ? is an improvement over theory Q, which> theory Q @stated employees are inherently la.y. I have to disagree with the statement 2Ideas which are seen cranky or odd 0- )5 turn out to be the winners3. he word 0- )5 should be replaced with 2 1)8? 8A8)B?3. =argons can make things look scientific, but will not bring results.

0n 2creative thinking3 , 2Bateral thinking3 , thinking outside.

2 A foot ware manufacturing company sent a sales executive to a place , promote its products. he next day, the sales executive returned from the place complaining that, there is no one in the place wearing foot ware. $o the company decided to send another executive, known to be creative to the
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same place without giving him any feed back. he very next day he came running to the office , very excited , saying , we have found a place where no one is using a foot ware. 5ow we can sell to all of them, if we teach them the uses of foot ware.3 And one more story that I would like to share with )asa $aleh Al Gurg Group is on "A )8 B0GI4 by )dward De !ono. A young man in a village was in love with a very beautiful girl. he 8uler of the land wanted to marry her. o avoid the young man, he came out with a tricky problem to be solved. If the girl wins she can marry her lover, otherwise she should marry the 8uler. he 8uler asked the girl to pick up the black stone from one of the ; vessels with narrow neck, so you cannot see inside, in which he said he has placed a white stone and a black stone each. "hile a white stone each was placed in both. he intelligent girl, knowing this to be a trick , thought and came out successfully. 4an you guess how <. he big question is how to pick up a black stone from the two white stones placed.

$he pulled out the stone from one vessel and threw it away and said , please check the other stone. If it is white, the one that I picked up and threw away should be the black one.

0($%1($D

Bong ago , +A? DA? used to represent agricultural, 4hristian celebration . A festival representing the production , fertility. hat could be the reason why the month of +ay was selected to proclaim resistance by the proletarian movement , predominantly led by anarchists. hat primary function which differentiate the human from the animal is his deed or work. he advancement from mere reproduction to production. Instead of
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allowing the nature to decide his actions, he manipulates the nature and build himself up. he culture of agriculture, awaiting the fruits of his labour, might have started from Israel or /alestine . oday +A? DA? represents the 2Babour Day3announcing the 8ights of the 2Babour 2. he 8IGC to divide the day equally into, the ime to "ork, 8elax , and )nAoy G do whatever they want. he book by -rancis studies +ay Day in depth from this point of view. hen goes ahead to enquire and analyse the growth of the 4ommunist +ovement across the globe and the reasons for the problems and the obstructions , it faces today. his could be considered to be a deep research. It probes , suggests the practical solutions as well. Decades ago the famous poet $teven $plendor advocated , the communists should study psychology. he selfish motives of persons in the communist movement , sometimes derails, deviates the movement from the philosophy upon which it is built. -reud will be of help in such situations. Althusser and -romm are not the only ones who have recommended such. 5othing humane is alien to +arxism. hen /sychology also cannot be. /sychology helps to correct themselves. oday 4apitalism +A5#-A4 #8) , D)$I8)$ to sell their products. Bike any other knowledge discovered by the mankind , psychology also has been alienated and has become an 2instrument3 and thus has become the enemy of +ankind . Alienated psychology can make the human even more poor and weak , through psychological manipulation. hat is the reason why the science which is used by 4apitalism and -eudalism , should be acquired by the working classes and used against them. he book by -rancis thus places a mirror in front of us.

& 2 3I4AYA2

Stop

Sex

in

Sports

with special reference to $ania +ir.a . IndiaDs =ewel <<<<

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$eeing these pictures , the very definition of I=ewelI must be changed if she should be called so. "ith 1 channels and cables reaching most of the homes and even the small children watching such sports> <@ shows, the semi porn actions must not be allowed to continue. At least I have not seen anyone else demonstrating such perverse actions in public. )xhibitionism at the extreme or /8 stunt to attract crowd. "hatever be the reason it must not be allowed. Bets look into what is happening around the world of sports ><@. $ports is supposed to inculcate mental and physical discipline . "omen ennis is a sport with low cut sweaters and shirts, skirts that rise up as often as the tide on the shores of Gibraltar and see through tops catch the eye of the cameraman as quickly as a baseline saver stroked with unerring accuracy. "hat better center stage than this sport for Anna 7ournikova, a made to order centerfold< $he has the looks, body and grace to be one of the higher priced models in the world. Instead, she has chosen tennis as her stage and she and the "illiams sisters are battling as much for supremacy of the mammary set as they are for trophies and checks. Anything less than a perfectly tanned body probably means disqualification. "hy only well shaped ladies playing ennis. ennis as a sports depends on the shape of the body < In ICypocrisy exposedE sex and sport , +A8I$$) 8040 begins an investigation into the ways that sex and sports have become intertwined in todayDs society hereDs no denying the obviousE sex sells. 4alvin 7lein plies us to try his latest cologne with statuesque models and Dbarely thereD underwear. $ports marketers have taken noteO they are now tapping into
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the consumers of tomorrow by linking sports and sex into a packaged deal. Anna 7ournikova, is actually best known for her spread in /layboy, her lucrative endorsement contracts, and her tumultuous relationships with /avel !ure and former pop sensation )nrique Iglesias. he tennis is totally beside the pointE she could Aust as easily be a Collywood starlet or a teenybopper pop idol,her mediocre talent is forgotten because sheDll take her clothes off for money. ItDs disturbing enough that 7ournikova makes truckloads of money from lacklustre performances, but itDs even more disturbing that young girls are idoli.ing her for her bombshell looks, not for her skills. $ports is a business, and a lucrative one at that. he whole enterprise requires that you fill the stadium with fans so you can charge them for seats, sell them overpriced soft drinks and hot dogs, and sell them souvenirs. he public wants to be entertainedO a well,marketed sexy starlet, like +s. 7ournikova is what it takes. -emale athletes regularly encounter the problem of trying to balance sex appeal and athletic prowess. $ome are considered less attractive because they are more muscular or not as DfeminineD as other women. o combat this, /8 executives ensure that female athletes are primped and posed Aust like models on maga.ine covers. httpERRwww.nakednews.comR the website reportedly recorded more than six million hits this past monthSSmore than 4!4.ca. And with the female anchors recently appearing in /layboy, he 5aked 5ews seems to have consolidated its success.
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I"eDre not porn stars though,I 8usso stresses. I"e donDt sell sex and newsSSwe donDt strip and touch our bodies in sexually provocative ways. "e Aust simply take off our clothes while giving the news.I /erhaps this is why the news program is so charmingE keeping composed and professional while delivering the news, the anchors act as if theyDre unaware of undressing themselves. ItDs mockingly funny watching a news anchorDs underwear drop to the floor while reporting the latest #.$. missile,defence development, all the while looking into the camera with a professional, straight face. !esides international events, business news and sports segments >all of which are the domain of female anchors@ there is also coverage of science and technology issues, entertainment news, and notably the weather forecast G a segment always in need of some sunshine. Due to the popularity of the website, two female anchors have been added along with the fan,fared debut of two male ones. he male addition was done in response to enthusiastic female requests, most of which were made by fans already supportive of the female webshows Although this looks like a sign that the mainstream has fully accepted he 5aked 5ews, some are still not amused by the nudity. 4ritics charge the oronto,based webshow with IAournalistic prostitution,I claiming itDs a cheap attempt to make news more appealing. hey say, despite its antics, it places more emphasis on presentation than content, leaving viewers with a skewed version of the truth. In order to keep our global economy thriving, products must be sold. And if history has taught us anything, itDs that sex sells. 4ombine sex appeal with a
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super,star athlete, and you have a marketing dream. /erhaps the issue at hand is not about whether our society is ready for more nudity , although that seems to be the trend , or that sports figures are role models who should not get involved in the game of selling sex. Instead, perhaps one of the greatest inAustices is that Anna 7ournikova makes more money in endorsements, than other tennis players do from winning tournaments. As some sports critics have argued, she is a beauty queen posing as a tennis player, and with a little help from her agent, making more money than anyone else on tour. $ports Illustrated sells more copies of its infamous swimsuit edition than they do any other issue. "hile hardly any womenDs athletic achievements ever grace the editorial pages of the maga.ine, an entire issue is devoted to women who take their clothes off, mimicking the photo layouts in maga.ines like /enthouse and /layboy. As 4intra "ilson remarks in her book IA +assive $welling, I$ports Illustrated may as well change its name to $wimsuit +asturbation +onthly and be printed on oilcloth for easy sponge,cleaning.I 0f course this backlash has led to the creation of $ports Illustrated "omen $port, ironically sponsored by the huge profits made from the swimsuit edition. Cowever, with the sports industry dominated by the use of sex as a selling tool, it is difficult for athletes, particularly females, to balance their roles as athletes as well as commodities. In an atmosphere that sees female sports leagues like the B/GA and the "5!A struggling to stay afloat, many female athletes feel the need to access other resources, like the marketing of their good looks, in order to keep their sport alive. And the industry tactic of paying women to take off their clothes is always a good way to draw personal and professional attention. "hile the 5-B says itDs appalled with the incident, which so closely follows the fiasco last winter in which one of singer =anet =acksonDs breasts was
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exposed to millions of viewers during the $uper !owl telecast, the truth is that the league has sold sex for decades. !ut as much as the 5-B hates admitting it, sex helps sells the league. he 5-B and its broadcast partners have given rise to a long, standing trend of using scantily clad women to sell their products. !ut Dierdorf says that while the 5-B is associated with sex, the bigger picture is that itDs a societal issue that goes well beyond football. I $ex is prevalent in so many different advertising campaigns, not Aust the 5-B,I he said. he good news is, you have a great product to sell. he bad news is, no one will ever buy that product. Cow can I be so sure< !ecause customers donDt buy productsTthey buy solutions to problems. And thatDs the whole secret behind marketing. +arketing is nothing more than understanding what a customer really, really wantsTand then showing them how youDll provide it. +arketing is about learning what makes people tick. ItDs about finding customersD hot buttonsTtheir real desiresTand then pressing them to make the sale. According to mega,selling marketing guru =ay 4onrad Bevinson, marketing has gone guerrilla. ItDs a street fight to win customersTby finding clever, convenient, appealing ways to fill their needs. "ant to move forward< hen start thinking backwards./eople donDt buy productsO they buy the positive anticipation of using them. ItDs not the steakTitDs the si..le. -rom the $ports Illustrated swimsuit special ,to 4osmopolitanDs annual sex survey, the formula has been proven over and over. he barely clad swimsuit model on the $I cover generates sales of UH.K million and close to '9 million readers, compared with &.;' million copies and ;% million readers for the average $I cover with a fully clad male athlete. +arketing may be essential for corporate giants to rob profit. !ut is that desirable to maintain a moral society.
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-urther readingE $exual )xhibitionism as D$exuality and IndividualityDE A 4ritique of /sycho,+edical Discourse from the /erspectives of "omen who )xhibit $iobhan Cugh,=ones ,!rendan Gough ,Annie Bittlewood .#niversity of Beeds, #7

Francis

Joseph

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