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Amino acid structure General properties Peptide bonds Classification and characteristics Acid-base properties Nomenclature Stereochemistry Nonstandard amino acids Amino acid derivatives D-amino acids Biologically active amino acids
Amino acids
The amino acid, Alanine (Ala, A) is shown below in line, stick, ball and stick, and CPK (space filling) representations.
Asn
Tyr
Leu
Cys
Glu
Arg
His
Peptides are linear polymers that range from 8 to 4000 amino acid residues Twenty (20) different naturally occurring amino acids
20
AA1
20
AA2
20 x
20 x
20 =
9 x1078
Cys residues have SH groups at the end of their side chains. Two of these groups can be oxidized to form an S-S (disulfide) bond.
DNA polymerase I Adds nucleic acids to the end of a DNA strand (shown in red) The protein undergoes a substantial conformational change during reaction (blue and black are open and closed conformations)
The crystal structure of the hexameric ATPase HP0525 from Helicobacter pylori
Amino Acids:
The building blocks of proteins
pKR pK1
pK2