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Engineering Software is pleased to announce the introduction of Free Coursework Material. Engineering Software Coursework Material covers the following area: Engineering Formulas Here are some of the basic engineering formulas/equations related to energy conversion systems: Continuity Equation

m = vA
Momentum Equation

F = (vm + pA)
Energy Equation
2

out - in

Q - W = ((h + v /2 + gh)m)
State Equation for Ideal Gas

out - in

pv = RT/MW
Perfect Gas

c = constant
p

c /c
p

Isentropic Compression

T2/T1 = (p2/p1)(-1)/ T2/T1 = (V1/V2)(-1) p2/p1 = (V1/V2)

Combustion -- Flame Temperature

hreactants = hproducts
Combustion HHV

HHV = hreactants - hproducts

Isentropic Expansion

T1/T2 = (p1/p2)(-1)/ T1/T2 = (V2/V1)(-1) p1/p2 = (V2/V1)

Sonic Velocity

vs = (RT/MW)1/2
Mach Number

M = v/vs
Isentropic Flow

Tt /T = (1 + M2( - 1)/2) pt/p = (1 + M2( - 1)/2)/(-1) ht = (h + v2/2)

Tt = (T + v2/(2cp))
Thrust Thrust = vm

+ (p - pa)A

Cycle Efficiency Cycle Efficiency = Net Work/Heat Carnot Cycle Efficiency Carnot Cycle Efficiency = 1 - Theat rejection/Theat addition Brayton Cycle Efficiency Brayton Cycle Efficiency = 1 - 1/(p2/p1)(-1)/ Otto Cycle Efficiency Compression Ratio = V1/V2 Otto Cycle Efficiency = 1 - 1/Compression Ratio(-1) Diesel Cycle Efficiency Compression Ratio (CR) = V1/V2 Cut-Off Ratio (COR) = V3/V2 Diesel Cycle Efficiency = 1 - (COR - 1)/(*CR(-1)*(COR - 1)) Fuel Cell Fuel Cell Efficiency = - (Gout - Gin)/HHV Heat Rate Heat Rate = (1/Cycle Efficiency)*3,412

Physical Properties For each reaction species, the thermodynamic functions specific heat, enthalpy and entropy as functions of temperature are given in the form of least squares coefficients as follows: Cp/R = A1 + A2T + A3T2 + A4T3 + A5T4 H/(R*T) = A1 + A2T/2 + A3T2/3 + A4T3/4 + A5T4/5 + A6/T S/R = A1lnT + A2T + A3T2/2 + A4T3/3 + A5T4/4 + A7 or S/R = A1lnT + A2T + A3T2/2 + A4T3/3 + A5T4/4 + A7 - lnp For each species, two sets of coefficients are included for two adjacent temperature intervals, 273 to 1,000 [K] and 1,000 to 5,000 [K]. The data have been constrained to be equal at 1,000 [K]. Also, U = H - p*v*MW or U = H - R*T G = H - S*T and u = h - p*v or u = h - R*T/MW g = h - s*T Legend: m -- Mass Flow Rate [kg/s] -- Density [kg/m3] v -- Velocity [m/s] A -- Cross Sectional Area [m2] F -- Force [N] p -- Pressure [N/m2] q -- Heat [kJ/kg]

w -- Work [kJ/kg] g -- Gravitational Acceleration [m/s2] h -- Height [m] k -- Kappa [/] hreactants -- Reactants Enthalpy [kJ/kg] hproducts -- Products Enthalpy [kJ/kg] HHV -- Higher Heating Value [Btu/lbm] vs -- Sonic Velocity [m/s] M -- Mach Number [/] Cp -- Specific Heat [kJ/kmol*K] cp -- Specific Heat [kJ/kg*K] MW -- Molecular Weight [kg/kmol] R -- Universal Gas Constant [kJ/kmol*K] Gas Constant = R/MW [kJ/kg*K] H -- Enthalpy [kJ/kmol] h -- Enthalpy [kJ/kg] T -- Temperature [K] S -- Entropy [kJ/kmol*K] s -- Entropy [kJ/kg*K] p -- Pressure [atm] U -- Internal Energy [kJ/kmol] u -- Internal Energy [kJ/kg] v -- Specific Volume [m3/kg]

G -- Gibbs Free Energy [kJ/kmol] g -- Gibbs Free Energy [kJ/kg]