8Lc4 Travelling sound 2

Sound travels through different materials at different speeds. This is because materials vary in density. Sound travels very quickly through dense materials because the vibrations are passed along quickly as the particles are in close contact. Sound does not travel through air very well because gases have particles which are far apart and they need to touch to pass on the vibrations.
Material steel aluminium iron concrete glass copper brick salt water water mercury ethanol air oxygen carbon dioxide Speed of sound in m/s 6000 5100 5000 5000 4500 3700 3000 1560 1500 1450 1200 330 316 260

1 2

Plot a bar chart to show the speed of sound in these materials. a Which two materials are the most dense? b Which two materials are the least dense? c Which material allows sound to travel 4 times faster than in water? d Sound travels though cork half as fast again as it does through air. What is the speed of sound through cork? Michael is sitting in a boat with a metal hull. He is hammering the bottom of the boat.

a b

Who will hear the sound first, Nasim or Nicola? Explain your answer to part a.

8Lb4 Comparing frequencies

Animals and instruments can produce a wide range of sounds with varying frequencies. Some animals can hear frequencies of sound that humans cannot hear.

a b c d

Which instrument can produce the lowest pitch? Which instrument can produce the highest pitch? Which instrument has the widest range? Why does the midi system have the widest range of frequencies?

Plot a chart like the one above to show the frequencies in the table. Use two colours (or different shading) to show the pairs of values.
Animal cat dog robin human grasshopper bat Frequencies they can make (Hz) 750 1600 450 1000 2000 13000 80 4100 7000 10000 10000 120000 Frequencies they can hear (Hz) 60 65000 15 50000 250 21000 20 20000 100 15000 1000 120000

a b c d e f

A dog whistle has a frequency of 25 000 Hz. Which animals can hear it? Why do dog owners use a whistle that they cant hear? Which animal has the widest hearing range? Which animal can produce sound waves with the lowest frequencies? Which animal can make and hear sound waves with the highest frequency? Which animals hear a wider range of frequencies than humans?

8Lb3 Vibrations, pitch and frequency

1 Complete the sentences using words from the box. Some words can be used more than once. All musical instruments make a sound because something _______________ . Instruments like violins produce a _______________ pitched sound. This means that the strings are vibrating at a high _______________. An oscilloscope can show a sound wave on a screen when it is connected to a _______________. When the waves on the screen are very close together they show that the sound waves have a high _______________. Waves which are far apart show sound waves with a _______________ frequency. The frequency of a sound wave is the number of _______________ that pass a point every second. The loudness of a sound is shown by the _______________ of the waves. Half the height of a wave is called the _______________ . The bigger the amplitude of the wave the_______________ the sound. The unit for frequency is the _______________ (Hz). A frequency of 50 Hz means that 50 _______________ pass every second. amplitude frequency Hertz height louder vibrates vibrations high waves lower

microphone 2

A a b c d e

Which two sounds have the same loudness or volume? __________________________ Which sound wave has the highest frequency? ________________________________ Which sound wave has the lowest frequency? _________________________________ Which sound wave has the lowest pitch? ____________________________________ Which sound wave is twice as loud as the sound in D? __________________________

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