Infection Control

Wanda Opland Health Careers Instructor

JAMES VALLEY VOCATIONAL TECHNICAL CENTER

Objectives
Define, pronounce, and spell the key terms Differentiate between antisepsis, disinfection, and sterilization Demonstrate aseptic hand washing Demonstrate how to don and remove an isolation mask, gloves, and gown Identify the five ways microorganisms are spread of infection

 Define OSHA and explain the agencys role in

safety List conditions which enhance growth of microorganisms

Microorganisms
Organisms which can

only be seen by a microscope To Live

Warm temperature moisture darkness

Anaerobic

microorganisms which live in an environment without oxygen

Aerobic

microorganisms which needs oxygen to live

Nonpathogenic

a microorganism that does not cause disease

Pathogenic

a microorganism which is disease producing

Pathogenic Microorganisms
Bacteria

can be treated with antibiotics Viruses smaller than bacteria cannot be treated with bacteria

Pathogenic Microorganisms
Protozoa

larger than virus, grow within host cell Fungi low form of plant life, includes mold & yeast

Pathogen and disease

Toxins

some microorganisms produce poisons (toxins) that affect the body

How Microorganisms Spread

Direct Contact transmitted directly from one person to another Indirect contact transferred from one object to another

How Microorganisms Spread

Airborne carried in the air Oral route enters body through water, food dirty hands Insects and Pests

picked up on insects and pests and transferred

Signs and Symptoms

Generalized involves the entire body involves a single site

Localized

Asepsis

Asepsis
free from or keeping away disease producing microorganisms

Medical Asepsis
to destroy the environment that allows pathogens to live, breed, and spread

Aseptic technique
methods used to make the environment, worker, and as germ free as possible

Aseptic Techniques to prevent spread of disease

Cross infection caused by infecting the patient with a new microorganism from another patient or health care worker Reinfection infection with the same microorganism that caused the original illness

Aseptic Techniques to prevent spread of disease

Self-innoculation infection by the patients own organisms An illness passing from the patient to the health care worker or from worker to patient

Aseptic Technique
Employees to be neat and clean Proper handling of all equipment Use sterile procedure when necessary

Aseptic Technique
Use proper cleaning solutions

Bacteriostatic solutions: slow or stops the growth of microorganisms Bactericidal solutions: Kills microorganisms
Hand washing Universal precautions

Universal Precautions
Precautions that protect the patient/client, coworkers, and community from infection Universal Precautions

Universal Precautions

Universal Precautions Techniques Wear gloves when

touching blood touching mucous membranes performing veinipuncture touching body fluids of any kind

 Body Fluids vaginal fluids or semen cerebrospinal fluid pleural fluid (fluid around lung) pericardial fluid (fluid around heart) synovial fluid (fluid in the joints) amniotic fluid (fluid around the fetus) placenta tissue saliva with blood in it

Wash hands after glove removal Protect clothing with apron or gown when splashing of blood or body fluids is possible Discard needles or other sharps in punctureresistant container Do not recap needles or work with needles before disposal Waste and soiled linen must be handled with care

Controlling the spread of infections

Sterilize
make free from all living organisms

Disinfection
process of freeing from microorganisms by physical or chemical means

Autoclaves
sterilizers which use steam underpressure to kill all organisms

Isolation Precautions

Isolation
condition of having limited contact with others

Protective Isolation
guarding workers and visitors from danger

Reverse Isolation
guarding the patient from danger

Types of Isolation
Respiratory Isolation

protection from airborne droplets

Skin and wound Isolation

protection from open wounds, skin drainage

Types of Isolation
Enteric Isolation

solid body wastes

Strict Isolation

complete protection
Blood and body fluids