Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
P I S T O N P U M P S
P L U N G E R P U M P S
D I A P H R A G M P U M P S
R E C I P R O C A T I N G P U M P S
G E A R P U M P S
L O B E P U M P S
S C R E W P U M P S
C A M P U M P S
V A N E P U M P S
R O T A R Y P U M P S
P O S I T I V E D I S P L A C E M E N T P U M P S C E N T R I F U G A L P U M P S
P U M P S
NARESH BAKI Assistant Professor
CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS
Unit - 3
WORKING MECHANISM OF A CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
NARESH BAKI Assistant Professor
56RK 46NE B7 HE 1ENRI89:AL P9.P (6R B7 I.PELLER) 6N 5AER
[ ]
, ,
+
u V
g
w
( ) here V
w
*
+
[ ]
, ,
u V
g
W
w
,
_
+ +
,
_
+ +
g
V
g
V
h
g
P
where
Z
g
V
g
P
Z
g
V
g
P
d o
d
o
i
i i
o
o o
, ,
, ,
, ,
, ,
Pressure head at outlet
;elocit! head at outlet
Ko * 4atum head at outlet
NARESH BAKI Assistant Professor
HEA4S 68 A 1ENRI89:AL P9.P
Total, Gross or effective Head: It is equal to the
static head plus all the head losses occurring in flow
$efore% through and after the impeller#
NARESH BAKI Assistant Professor
PR!"#$/ he internal and e'ternal diameters of the impeller of a centrifugal pump
are 2AA mm and LAA mm respecti"el!# he pump is running at 0AAA r#p#m# he "ane
angles at inlet and out let are +AA and 2AA respecti"el!# he water enters the impeller
radiall! and "elocit! of flow is constant# 4etermine the wor& done $! the impeller per
unit weight of water# CLM#M@ Nm,ND
5or& done $! the impeller on
water ,unit weight of water
NARESH BAKI Assistant Professor
Efficiencies of %entrifugal Pump
&' $anometric efficiency (Nmano )
&&' Volumetric efficiency ( )v *
&&&'$ec+anical efficiency ( )mec+anical *
&V'verall efficiency ( No )
NARESH BAKI Assistant Professor
$anometric efficiency ()mano *
V
+
5here
G * Actual liquid discharged at the pump outlet per
sec
q * Lea&age of liquid per sec from the impeller
(through the clearance $etween the impeller and
casing)
NARESH BAKI Assistant Professor
$ec+anical efficiency ()m *
,
_
P
wH
mano
q
g
u V
H
w
mano
+
,
_
, ,
P
P P
losses mech
m
.
NARESH BAKI Assistant Professor
verall efficiency ()o *
,
_
,
_
+
P
g
u V
q w
q
g
u V
H
w
w
mano
, ,
, ,
- .
m V mano o
P
wH
mano
o
NARESH BAKI Assistant Professor
PROBLEM/ A centrifugal pump has the following characteristics/ outer diameter of
impeller*MAA mmO width of impeller "anes at outlet*0AA mmO angle of impeller "anes
at outlet*3AA# the impeller runs at PPA r#p#m and deli"ers A#@M cu$ic meters of water
per second under an effecti"e head of 2Pm# A PAA &5 motor is used to dri"e the
pump# 4etermine the manometric% mechanical and o"erall efficiencies of the pump#
Assume water enters the impeller "anes radiall! at inlet#
PROBLEM/ A 1entrifugal pump ha"ing outer diameter equal to two times
the inner diameter and running at 0AAA rpm# 5or&s against a total head of
3A m# he "anes are set $ac& at an angle of 3AA at outlet# If the outer
diameter of the impeller is PAA mm and width at outlet is PA mm% determine/
(i) "ane angle at inlet%
(ii) wor& done $! impeller on water per second and
(iii) .anometric efficienc!#
Ans#C0A#M0A % 00@++Q#@ Nm,s% L3#3RD
NARESH BAKI Assistant Professor
Pressure rise across t+e impeller
Appl! energ! equation $etween the inlet and outlet % we
ha"e
losse e
h z
g
V
w
P
H z
g
V
w
P
+ + + + + +
,
,
, ,
+
,
+ +
, ,
loss e
h
g
V V
H
w
p p
rise essure
,
, Pr
,
,
,
+ + ,
8ind the rise in pressure in the impeller of a centrifugal pump
through which water is flowing at the rate of 0Plts,sec# he internal
and e'ternal diameters of the impeller are +AAmm and 3AAmm
respecti"el!# he widths of the impeller at inlet and outlet are 0L
mm and M mm respecti"el!# he pump is running at 0+AA rpm#
he water enters the impeller radiall! at inlet and impeller "ane
angle at outlet is 2AA# Loss of head through the impeller ma! $e
assumed as 0#0Pm
NARESH BAKI Assistant Professor
.ulti stage 1entrifugal pumps
If a centrifugal pump consists of two or more impellers,
the pump is called a multistage centrifugal pump#
he impellers ma! $e mounted on the same shaft or on
different shafts#
A multistage pumps ha"ing the two important functions
o produce a +ig+ +ead% (impellers are connected in series)
o disc+arge a large ,uantity of liquid (impellers or pumps are
connected in parallel)
NARESH BAKI Assistant Professor
$ultistage centrifugal pumps for +ig+ Heads
8or developing a +ig+ +eads t+e
number of impellers are mounted in
series or on the same shaft#
he water from suction pipe enters the
0st impeller at inlet and is discharged at
outlet with increased pressure#
he water with increased pressure from
the outlet of the 0st impeller is ta&en to
the inlet of the +nd impeller with the help
of a connecting pipe as shown in fig#
At the outlet of the +nd impeller% the
pressure of water will $e more than the
pressure of water at the outlet of the 0st
impeller#
If more impellers are mounted on the
same shaft% the pressure at the outlet
will $e increased further#
NARESH BAKI Assistant Professor
$-"T&.T/G# %#0TR&1-G/" P-$P. 1R H&GH 2&.%H/RG#
8or o$taining high discharge the
pumps should $e connected in
parallel#
Each of the pumps lifts the water
from a common sump and
discharges water to a common
pipe to which the deli"er! pipes of
each pump is connected#
Each of the pump is wor&ing
against the same head#
Let
n* Num$er of identical pumps arranged in parallel#
G * 4ischarge from one pump#
herefore Total 2isc+arge * n ' G
NARESH BAKI Assistant Professor
A three stage centrifugal pump has impellers 3A cm in diameter and + cm wide at outlet# he "anes are
cur"ed $ac& at the outlet at 3PA and reduce the circumferential area $! 0A R # he manometric
efficienc! is @AR and the o"erall efficienc! is MAR# 4etermine the head generated $! the pump when
running at 0AAA r#p#m# deli"ering PA liters per second# 5hat should $e the shaft horse powerS
NARESH BAKI Assistant Professor
.inimum speed for starting a 1entrifugal Pump
,
,
+
,
,
,
,
,
,
u V
gH
g
u V
H
w
mano
w
mano
mano
Priming of a centrifugal pump
NARESH BAKI Assistant Professor
NARESH BAKI Assistant Professor
1a"itation in 1entrifugal Pumps
1a"itation $egins to appear in centrifugal pumps when the
pressure at the suction falls $elow the "apour pressure of
the liquid#
e0p
e0p
,
The cavitation will occur if the value of is less than the critical value
at which the cavitation just begins.
#udden drop in head efficiency and the power delivered to the fluid.