BRITISH STANDARD

BS EN ISO 11348-3:1999

Water quality Determination of the inhibitory effect of water samples on the light emission of Vibrio fischeri (Luminescent bacteria test)
Part 3: Method using freeze-dried bacteria

The European Standard EN ISO 11348-3:1998 has the status of a British Standard

ICS 13.060.70

BS EN ISO 11348-3:1999

National foreword
This British Standard is the English language version of EN ISO 11348-3:1998. It is identical with ISO 11348-3:1998. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee EH/3, Water quality, to Subcommittee EH/3/5, Biological methods, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references Attention is drawn to the fact that CEN and CENELEC Standards normally include an annex which lists normative references to international publications with their corresponding European publications. The British Standards which implement these international or European publications may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled International Standards Correspondence Index, or by using the Find facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations.

This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Health and Environment Sector Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15 April 1999 BSI 02-2000

Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, the EN ISO title page, page 2, the ISO title page, pages ii to iv, pages 1 to 9 and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Comments

ISBN 0 580 32236 X

BS EN ISO 11348-3:1999

Contents
National foreword Foreword Foreword Text of ISO 11348-3 Page Inside front cover 2 iii 1

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EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM

ICS 13.060.10

EN ISO 11348-3
December 1998

Descriptors: See ISO document

English version

Water quality Determination of the inhibitory effect of water samples on the light emission of Vibrio fischeri (Luminescent bacteria test) Part 3: Method using freeze-dried bacteria
(ISO 11348-3:1998) Qualit de leau Dtermination de leffet inhibiteur des chantillons deau sur la luminescence de Vibrio fischeri (Essai de bactries luminescentes) Partie 3: Mthode utilisant des bactries lyophilises (ISO 11348-3:1998) Wasserbeschaffenheit Bestimmung der Hemmwirkung von Wasserproben auf die Lichtemission von Vibrio fischeri (Leuchtbakterientest) Teil 3: Verfahren mit gefriergetrockneten Bakterien (ISO 11348-3:1998)

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 15 December 1998. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

CEN
European Committee for Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Europisches Komitee fr Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels 1998 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 11348-3:1998 E

EN ISO 11348-3:1998

Foreword
The text of the International Standard ISO 11348-3:1998 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 147 Water quality in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 230 Water analysis, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 1999, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 1999. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.

Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard ISO 11348-3:1998 was approved by CEN as a European Standard without any modification.
NOTE Normative references to International Standards are listed in Annex ZA (normative).

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EN ISO 11348-3:1998 Contents

Foreword Introduction 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Principle 4 Interferences 5 Reagents and materials 6 Apparatus 7 Sampling and sample pretreatment 8 Procedure 9 Evaluation 10 Expression of results 11 Criteria of validity 12 Precision 13 Test report Annex A (informative) Colour-correction method Annex B (informative) Dilution level D Preparation of the dilution series Annex C (informative) Precision data Annex ZA (normative) Normative references to international publications with their relevant European publications Table 1 Example of test evaluation Sample: effluent from a sewage treatment plant Table B.1 Preparation of the dilution series Composition of test and control batches Table C.1 Precision data for freeze-dried bacteria Page iii 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 8 8 9 5 8 9

Descriptors: Water, quality, water pollution, water tests, bioassay, bacteria, light emission.

ii

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EN ISO 11348-3:1998 Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. International Standard ISO 11348-3 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 147, Water quality, Subcommittee SC 5, Biological methods. ISO 11348 consists of the following parts, under the general title Water quality Determination of the inhibitory effect of water samples on the light emission of Vibrio fischeri (Luminescent bacteria test): Part 1: Method using freshly prepared bacteria; Part 2: Method using liquid-dried bacteria; Part 3: Method using freeze-dried bacteria. Annex A, Annex B and Annex C of this part of ISO 11348 are for information only.

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EN ISO 11348-3:1998

Introduction
Measurements according to this International Standard can be carried out using freshly prepared bacteria, as well as freeze-dried or liquid-dried bacterial preparations. Standardized work carried out by DIN NAW WI and ISO/TC 147/SC 5 WG 1 has shown that in special cases these different techniques may give different results, especially where water samples contain heavy metals. Such varying sensitivity is caused by differences in media composition used in the preparation of freeze-dried or liquid-dried bacteria. These protective media influence the bioavailability of toxicants and/or the light emission of luminescent bacteria. This means that the origin and type of preparation need to be taken into account when interpreting the results. This can be difficult sometimes, as freeze-dried and liquid-dried bacteria may be obtained from different suppliers. This in turn can mean that the composition is not known in detail or cannot be revised by the user. That is why in this International Standard, in addition to toxicity measurements with liquid-dried bacteria (ISO 11348-2) and freeze-dried bacteria (ISO 11348-3), a procedure with freshly prepared bacteria is described (ISO 11348-1), the performance of which can be revised by the user in every detail. The laboratories responsible for the results have the opportunity to select the most suitable technique based on expert judgement and information about the water sample to be tested.

2 Normative references
The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of ISO 11348. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this part of ISO 11348 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 5667-16:1998, Water quality Guidance on biotesting of samples. ISO 7027:, Water quality Determination of turbidity1).

3 Principle
The inhibition of light emission by cultures of Vibrio fischeri is determined by means of a batch test. This is accomplished by combining specified volumes of the test sample or the diluted sample with the luminescent bacteria suspension in a cuvette. The test criterion is the decrease of the luminescence, measured after a contact of 15 min and 30 min, or optionally 5 min, taking into account a correction factor (fkt), which is a measure of intensity changes of control samples during the exposure time. The inhibitory effect of the water sample can be determined as LID (see Annex B) or as EC20 and/or EC50 values by means of a dilution series. The dilution level resulting in < 20 % of inhibition of light emission is determined. For higher levels of inhibition the dilution-effect relationship can be determined graphically or by statistical analysis. The inhibition by a sample is expressed as the dilutions which result in 20 % and 50 % light reduction compared to the blank (EC20 and EC50). These values are interpolated within the dilution series.

1 Scope
ISO 11348 describes three methods for determining the inhibition of the luminescence emitted by the marine bacterium Vibrio fischeri (NRRL B-11177). This part of ISO 11348 specifies a method using freeze-dried bacteria. This method is applicable to: waste water, aqueous extracts and leachates, fresh waters (surface or ground waters) or salt and brackish waters, especially the monitoring of changes in inhibition towards bacteria, pore water.

4 Interferences
Insoluble, slightly soluble or volatile substances or substances which react with the dilution water or the test suspension, or alter their state during the test period, may affect the result or impair the reproducibility of the test results. Losses of luminescence caused by light absorption or light scattering may occur in the case of strongly coloured or turbid waters. This interference sometimes can be compensated, e.g. by using a double-chambered absorption correction cuvette (see Annex A).

1) To

be published. (Revision of ISO 7027:1990)

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Since oxygen at > 0,5 mg/l is required for the bioluminescence, samples with a high oxygen demand (and/or a low oxygen concentration) may cause a deficiency of oxygen and be inhibitory. An organic contamination of the sample by readily biodegradable nutrients (e.g. urea, peptone, yeast extract, usually W 100 mg/l) may cause a pollutant-independent reduction in bioluminescence. Salt concentrations in the initial sample exceeding 30 g/l NaCl or contents of other compounds giving equal osmolarity may lead, together with the salt spiking required by the test, to hyperosmotic effects. If the sample contains between 20 g/l and 50 g/l NaCl-equivalents, no salt shall be added. The resulting concentration in the test samples shall not exceed the osmolarity of a 35 g/l sodium chloride solution.

6 Apparatus
6.1 Freezer for the storage of preserved bacteria. 6.2 Refrigerator to maintain the stock suspension at a temperature of 3 C 3 C. 6.3 Thermostatically controlled thermoblock to maintain the test samples at a temperature of 15 C 1 C. Within one test the temperature deviation shall be at most 0,2 C. 6.4 Luminometer, measuring cell maintained at 15 C 1 C, equipped with suitable cuvettes. 6.5 Test tubes (vials), made of a chemically inert material, appropriate for the selected luminometer and having a capacity which facilitates the taking of a reading over the largest possible surface area. 6.6 pH-meter 6.7 Chronometer 6.8 Piston pipettes for plastic syringes, nominal capacity 10 4l, 500 4l and 1 000 4l. 6.9 Piston pipettes with variable volume, 10 ml to 200 ml and 200 4l to 5 000 4l. 6.10 Refrigerated centrifuge 6.11 Conductometer

5 Reagents and materials

Chemicals of recognized analytical grade quality shall be used. Water shall be distilled or of equivalent purity. 5.1 Test bacteria Strain of luminescent bacteria belonging to the species Vibrio fischeri NRRL B-11177. The bacterial suspensions used for toxicity measurements are prepared from commercially available freeze-dried reagents which can be stored in a freezer at 18 C to 20 C. The bacteria start glowing immediately after reconstitution and are ready to be used for the test. 5.2 Sodium chloride solution, as diluent Dissolve 20 g of sodium chloride (NaCl) in water and make up to 1 litre with water. 5.3 Sodium hydroxide solution, c(NaOH) = 1 mol/l 5.4 Hydrochloric acid, c(HCl) = 1 mol/l
NOTE For the adjustment of the pH it may be necessary to use acids or bases of lower or higher concentration.

7 Sampling and sample pretreatment

7.1 Sampling Sampling shall be conducted in chemically inert, clean containers in accordance with ISO 5667-16. Fill the containers completely and seal them. Test the samples as soon as possible after collection. Where necessary, store samples at a temperature of 2 C to 5 C in the dark in glass for not longer than 48 h. For periods up to two weeks, store at 20 C. Do not use chemicals to preserve the samples. Perform the necessary pH adjustment and salt addition just before testing. 7.2 Sample preparation Measure the pH of all samples. If the pH lies between 6 and 8,5 there is generally no adjustment necessary, pH-adjustment, however, may alter the nature of the sample. On the other hand, the pH of the sample and the pH of the test batch may differ because of the buffer capacity of the test medium. It may be necessary to carry out tests on both the pH-adjusted and the non-pH-adjusted samples. If necessary, adjust the pH of the samples to 7,0 0,2 by adding either hydrochloric acid (5.4) or sodium hydroxide (5.3); choose the concentration of the hydrochloric acid or the sodium hydroxide to restrict the volume added to not more than 5 % of total volume.

5.5 Solution for freeze-dried bacteria 20,0 g Sodium chloride (NaCl) 2,035 g Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (MgCl26H2O) 0,30 g Potassium chloride (KCl) Dissolve in water and make up to 1 litre with water. The solution can be stored in a freezer at 20 C. 5.6 Reference substances Zinc sulfate heptahydrate (ZnSO47H2O) 3,5-Dichlorophenol (C6H4OCl2) Potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7)

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Add 20 g of sodium chloride per litre to the water sample or to the neutralized water sample. For brackish and saline waters, measure the salinity and calculate the amount of NaCl (if any) required to adjust the osmolarity (clause 4). Strongly turbid samples should be allowed to sediment for 1 h or centrifuged, for example for 10 min at 5 000 g, or should be filtered.

Add 1 volume of the stock suspension to 50 volumes of solution (5.5) maintained at 3 C 3 C and mix the resultant suspension thoroughly. Pipette 500 4l of test suspension into the test tubes, maintained at 15 C 1 C in the incubator, at the same time intervals as used for later intensity measurements. 8.2 Test procedure Carry out, if possible, duplicate determinations per dilution level at a test temperature of 15 C 1 C.
NOTE All samples should be measured, as differing luminescence may be expected due to possible inhomogeneities of the test suspension.

8 Procedure
8.1 Preparation of stock suspensions 8.1.1 Initial preparations Prepare the samples according to 7.2. Prepare the dilution series required (see Annex B). For control samples, maintain the NaCl solution (5.2) at 15 C 1 C. Maintain the test tubes containing controls, the samples of the dilution series and the diluent (5.2) at 15 C 1 C. Remove the vial of the freeze-dried culture from the 20 C freezer immediately before reconstitution in water. For the reconstitution, cool 1 ml of distilled water in a glass test tube to 3 C 3 C. Pour this volume of cooled water all at once into the lyophilized bacteria in the vial, thereby minimizing cell damage during the rehydration process. Since it is important that water is added quickly to allow the bacteria to come into contact with the water suddenly, do not use a pipette. The exact volume of water is not critical. This reconstituted luminescent bacteria suspension serves as a stock suspension; it shall be stored at 3 C 3 C. The stock suspension can be used for testing purposes as long as the validity criteria stated in clause 11 are met. Refrozen, rehydrated bacteria can be used for preliminary tests only. After a waiting time of at least 5 min, prepare the test suspensions from the stock suspension. 8.1.2 Variant A Prepare the test suspensions directly in the test tubes. Add 10 4l aliquots of the stock suspension to 500 4l of the solution (5.5), contained in cuvettes maintained at 15 C 1 C, at the same intervals as for later intensity measurements. Shake the mixtures by hand. 8.1.3 Variant B Prepare the test suspensions outside the test tube in a conical flask (of volume e.g. 250 ml).

Adjust the luminometer instrument to a convenient near-maximum setting. After a conditioning time of at least 15 min, determine and record the luminescence intensity I0 of the test suspensions by means of a luminometer at intervals of 20 s. As the contact time for all test samples must be equal, use a chronometer for the measurement of the luminescence intensities at equal time intervals (seriatim). An interval of 20 s has been found convenient. Immediately after the luminescence measurement of a test suspension, make up this solution to a total volume of 1 ml with samples (7.2), diluted samples (Annex B) or sodium chloride solution (5.2) as necessary. Mix by hand, start the chronometer and place the cuvette back into the thermoblock at 15 C 1 C. Repeat for all the other cuvettes, leaving the same time interval between successive additions. Determine and record the luminescence intensity in all cuvettes, including controls, again after 15 min and 30 min (I15, I30), optionally also after 5 min (I5) at intervals of 20 s. Record the instrument adjustment.

9 Evaluation
9.1 Inhibitory effect on luminescent bacteria Calculate the correction factor (fkt-value) from the measured luminescence intensity using equation (1). This factor serves to correct the initial values I0 of all test samples before they can be used as reference values for the determination of the water-dependent decrease of luminescence. fkt = Ikt/I0 (t = 5 min, 15 min, 30 min) . . . (1) where fkt is the correction factor for the contact time of 5 min, 15 min or 30 min;

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Ikt is the luminescence intensity in the control sample after the contact time of 15 min or 30 min, in relative luminescence units; I0 is the luminescence intensity of the control test suspension, immediately before the addition of the diluent (5.2), in relative luminescence units. Average the fkt values of the control samples. Calculate Ict using equation (2): Ict = I0 f k t where fk t is the mean of fkt; I0 Ict [see equation (1)]; is the corrected value of I0 for test sample cuvettes immediately before the addition of test sample. . . . (2)

9.2 Determination of EC values Calculate the concentration-effect relationship for each exposure time using standard linear regression analysis. The concentration-effect relationship at a given exposure time often can be described by the following linear equation (5): lg ct = b lg t + lg a . . . (5) where ct is the portion of the water sample within the test sample, in percent; t [see equation (4)]; b is the value of the slope of the described line; lg a is the value of the intercept of the described line. By means of standard least-squares statistics, calculate the EC20 and EC50 values with corresponding confidence limits, in which: ct = EC20, t at t = 0,25; ct = EC50, t at t = 1,00. If the range of value pairs cannot be curve-fitted, the EC values can be estimated graphically using a double logarithmic coordinate system.

Calculate the inhibitory effect of a test sample using equation (3): . . . (3) where Ht is the inhibitory effect of a test sample after the contact time of 15 min or 30 min, in percent; Ict [see equation (2)]; ITt is the luminescence intensity of the test sample after the contact time of 15 min or 30 min, in relative luminescence units. Calculate the mean of the inhibitory effect Ht for each dilution level, in percent. Calculate the deviation of the parallel determination of Ht from their respective mean for duplicates and as a percentage of the mean for controls. For evaluation of concentration-effect relationships, evaluate for each dilution level the gamma value using equation (4): . . . (4) where t is the gamma value of the test sample after the contact time of 15 min or 30 min; H t is the mean of Ht [see equation (3)].
NOTE When a certain test concentration gives 0 % or 100 % inhibition of bioluminescence, the gamma value cannot be calculated. Therefore normally only Ht values between 10 % and 90 % are used in the calculation of the concentration-effect relationship.

10 Expression of results
Report the results in accordance with the example of Table 1. If determined report the LID value (see Annex B). If determined report the EC20 and EC50 values. Report the type of bacterial preparation used.

11 Criteria of validity
The test is valid if the fkt value for 30 min incubation ranges between 0,6 and 1,8; the parallel determinations do not deviate from their mean by more than 3 %. This holds for the control samples as well as for the test samples which determine the LID value or the EC20/EC50 values respectively; the three reference substances (5.6) cause 20 % to 80 % inhibition after 30 min contact time at the following concentrations (solutions not neutralized, check separately): 3,4 mg/l 2,2 mg/l 18,7 mg/l 3,5-dichlorophenol Zn2+ (as zinc sulfate heptahydrate) Cr6+ (as potassium dichromate).

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Table 1 Example of test evaluation Sample: effluent from a sewage treatment plant
Control experiments Test I0 Measured values Ik30b Ik30/I0 f k30 Validity test Deviation from the mean f k30 , in %c

297 80 %a 292 295 50 %a 305

Dilution level D

242 236 253 257

0,8148 0,8082 0,8576 0,8426

Test experiments

0,8115

0,4

0,8501

0,9

Test

Measured values I0 IT30

Ic30

H30 %

H 30 %

Validity test Deviation from the mean, in %d

30

80 % 1 2

300 297 280

81 85 141 140 193 185 229 225

243,5 241,0 238,0 248,2 248,2 242,3 257,6 256,7

66,7 64,7 40,8 43,6 22,3 23,6 11,1 12,4

65,7

1,0

1,919

50 %a 3 4 5 6 7 8 2 3 4 42,2 22,95 11,75 1,4 0,65 0,65 0,731 0,298 0,133

292 292 285 303 302

The deviation of the fk30 values in terms of percentage of the parallel determinations from their mean is a measure of the scattering of the control samples. d The deviation of the H30 values of the parallel measurements in terms of percentage from the mean is a measure of the scattering of the test samples. The LID value in this example is LID = 4. The EC20 value in this example is 31,9 %, the EC50 value is 58,7 %.

a Volume of the test suspension: 0,2 b Final volume in cuvettes: 1 ml. c

ml and 0,5 ml, respectively.

12 Precision
In a national round-robin test carried out during autumn 1993 by 16 laboratories, precision data were determined. The results are summarized in Annex C.

13 Test report
The test report shall refer to ISO 11348 and the modification used (ISO 11348-1, ISO 11348-2 or ISO 11348-3) and contain the following information: a) identity of the water sample, including sampling, storage time and conditions; b) pH of the original water sample;

c) date of test performance; d) sample pretreatment, if any; e) origin of the bacteria, batch number; f) date of preparation of the bacteria; g) storage temperature of the bacteria, if frozen; h) expression of the results, according to clause 10 and Table 1; i) any deviation from this method and information on all circumstances which might affect the results; j) test results with reference substances.

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Annex A (informative) Colour-correction method

A.1 Application Light loss due to light absorption can occur when a sample shows a visible colour in the dilution series, especially in the red to brown colour range. If there is a visible colour at the EC20 concentration, the following procedure must be performed to check if colour correction is needed. In any case, when the test sample concentration is close to the EC50 value, a colour correction should be made. A.2 Additional apparatus A.2.1 Colour-correction cuvette: double-walled cuvette, fitting the light meter. A.2.2 Pasteur pipettes A.3 Procedure The complete colour-correction procedure is carried out at a temperature of 15 C 0,5 C in a thermostatically controlled incubator. Prepare a dilution of the test sample with a concentration close to the EC20,t value (Ck). When the EC20,t values differ much, the Ck shall be close to the lowest EC20,t.
NOTE It is not necessary to choose a different Ck for each exposure time (5 min, 15 min, 30 min).

Transfer 2,0 ml of 2 % sodium chloride solution to the outer chamber of the colour-correction cuvette. Prepare a special bacterial suspension.
NOTE With Microtox bacteria: 1,0 ml dilution water with 50 4l bacterial stock suspension. With Lumistox bacteria: 1,0 ml bacterial stock suspension.

Mix the suspension well before transferring it with a Pasteur pipette to the inner chamber of the colour-correction cuvette. Add suspension to the same level as the solution in the outer chamber. Measure the light level (B0) after at least 15 min, and start the chronometer.
NOTE From this moment on, the position of the colour-correction cuvette in the measuring chamber must be the same for all the readings.

Remove, with a pipette, the sodium chloride solution from the outer chamber and replace it by 2,0 ml of the diluted test sample (Annex B), precooled to 15 C 1 C. Measure the light level (I5) 5 min after the first measurement. Remove, with a pipette, the diluted test sample from the outer chamber, and replace it by 2,0 ml sodium chloride solution. Measure the light level (B10) 10 min after the first measurement.
NOTE The procedure can be simplified by using two identical colour-correction cuvettes. The outer chamber of the first cuvette is filled with dilution water, the outer chamber of the second cuvette is filled with the diluted sample. After 15 min, light levels B0 and I0 can be measured. These values replace the values for B5 and I5 in the following calculations.

A.4 Calculation These calculations assume that the coloured sample behaves according to the Beer-Lambert law, which is usually the case. Calculate B5 with the formula:

Calculate for a given exposure time (t) the absorption (At) of the uncorrected EC20,t concentration with the formula:

where Ck is the concentration of the sample or chemical in the (colour) tested concentration; k is an empirically derived system constant; B5 In ------- is the absorption of the tested dilution in the colour-correction cuvette. I5 6
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Calculate the corresponding transmission (Tt) with the formula:

Calculate the corrected gamma values (c) with the formulae: ct = (5 Tt) 4 and c = c t o where ct is the correction factor for gamma values at a given exposure time (t); o is the original gamma value. Perform with the corrected gamma values a recalculation of the test results.
NOTE At a given exposure time the absorption (At) and transmission (Tt) for each test concentration can be calculated, and from this the uncorrected gamma value with the formula: c = Tt (1 + o) 1

The correction factor is the same for each gamma value, assuming that the slope of the original line is correct. It is therefore sufficient to calculate the correction factor for one gamma value only. In this calculation, the gamma value corresponding to the uncorrected EC20,t concentration is used ( = 0,25). The formula for calculation of the correction factor is deduced as follows:

where C It c t o c

is the sample concentration; is measured bioluminescence value at a given exposure time (t); is the correction factor for gamma values at a given exposure time (t); is the original gamma value; is the corrected gamma value.

A.5 Example Colour-correction data Ck = 10,0 % vol. fraction C = % vol. fraction I0 blank 5,625 11,250 22,500 45,000 100 98 94 96 97 B5 = 81 5 min c5 = 0,708 I5 90 82 63 45 15 o 0,076 0,343 0,920 4,820 c 0,054 0,243 0,651 3,412 I15 80 74 60 42 17 I5 = 78 Colour-correction calculation 15 min c15 = 0,670 o 0,059 0,253 0,829 3,565 c 0,040 0,170 0,556 2,389 I30 70 65 53 38 17 30 min c30 = 0,657 o 0,055 0,242 0,768 2,994 c 0,036 0,159 0,505 1,967 k = 3,1

original eq.: corrected eq.: original EC30,t corrected EC30,t

In = 1,96 In C 5,96 In = 1,96 In C 6,30 10,3 12,3

In = 1,95 In C 6,16 In = 1,95 In C 6,56 11,6 14,3

In = 1,90 In C 6,12 In = 1,90 In C 6,53 12,1 15,1

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Annex B (informative) Dilution level D Preparation of the dilution series

When testing waste water by means of a graduated dilution (D), the most concentrated test batch at which no inhibition or only minor effects not exceeding the test specific variability had been observed is expressed as Lowest Ineffective Dilution (LID). This dilution is expressed as the reciprocal value of the volume fraction of waste water in the test batch [e.g. if waste water content is in 1 in 4 (25 % volume fraction) the dilution level is D = 4]. In the luminescent bacteria test, normally equal volumes of test suspension and water sample or diluted sample are mixed. Therefore the dilution levels within a dilution series are D W 2 as a rule. If it is wanted to test nearly undiluted water samples it is possible to add 800 4l of the water sample to 200 4l of test suspension. The dilution then will be 1 : 1,25. The corresponding D value can be called D = 1. For this D value an extra control batch is needed which is made up by adding 800 4l sodium chloride solution to 200 4l test suspension. For preparation of the dilution series a procedure according to Table B.1 is recommended. Table B.1 Preparation of the dilution series Composition of test and control batches
Dilution Dilution level D Water sample 4l Dilution water 4l (5.2) Stock suspension 4l (8.4)

1 in 1,25 1 in 2 1 in 3 1 in 4 1 in 6 1 in 8 1 in 12 1 in 16 1 in 24 1 in 32 Control batches for D = 1 for D W 2

1 2 3 4 6 8 12 16 24 32

800 500 333,3 250 166,7 125 83,3 62,5 41,7 31,3

166,7 250 333,3 375 416,7 437,5 458,3 468,7 800 500

200 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 200 500

The lowest D value at which the inhibitory effect Ht is < 20 % is called LID.

Annex C (informative) Precision data

For the round-robin test, non-neutralized solutions of 3,5-dichlorophenol, zinc sulfate heptahydrate and potassium dichromate were prepared with distilled water. The EC values were determined as described in 9.2, and results are given in Table C.1. Abbreviations used in Table C.1 signify: L: N: NAP: sR: Number of laboratories Number of sets of data Number of outliers, in percent Standard deviation of reproducibility

Mean value x: CVR: Coefficient of variation of reproducibility, in percent EC20, EC50: Effective concentration causing 20 % or 50 % luminescence inhibition respectively.
NOTE Since some laboratories found more than 20 % inhibition with the lowest concentration tested or less than 50 % inhibition with the highest concentration tested, the values of L differ sometimes for EC20 and EC50.

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Table C.1 Precision data for freeze-dried bacteria

L=N NAP % x mg/l sR mg/l CVR %

1.

3,5-Dichlorophenol EC20 EC50 Zinc sulfate heptahydratea EC20 EC50 Potassium dichromatea EC20 EC50

14 13 15 14 15 14

0 7,14 0 0 0 6,67

2,32 3,36 1,08 2,17 3,60 18,71

0,43 0,32 0,47 0,73 1,89 6,17

18,6 9,6 43,6 33,6 52,4 32,9

2.

3.

Concentration of Zn2+ or Cr6+ respectively.

Annex ZA (normative) Normative references to international publications with their relevant European publications
This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies.
Publication Year Title EN Year

ISO 5667-16 ISO 7027

1998 1990

Water quality Sampling Part 16: Guidance on EN ISO 5667-16 biotesting of samples Water quality Determination of turbidity EN 27027

1998 1994

BSI 02-2000

BS EN ISO 11348-3:1999

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