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Mrunal [Reasoning] Calendar Questions: Finding day or date, concepts, shortcuts explained Print
Introduction
Article prepared with help of Mr. Deepak Singh. There are two main types of questions from Calendar when youre given a reference day What day of week was it on 5th November, 1989 if it was Monday on 4th April, 1988 ? a. b. c. d. Monday Tuesday Saturday Sunday when youre given no reference Day What was the day on 15th august 1947? a. b. c. d. Sunday Monday Tuesday Friday
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10/3/13
Mrunal [Reasoning] Calendar Questions: Finding day or date, concepts, shortcuts explained Print
Here question tells us that 4th April 88 was Monday, Here question doesnt give us any reference day. so we have a reference day. can be solved with just two concepts 1. 7 day cycle 2. day gain-Day loss concept need to just mugup 2 table, and few steps.
Although calendar question is not asked every year in every exam. But If and when calendar question is asked, just follow the given procedure and youll get the accurate answer= one mark is guaranteed=in that sense, cost: benefit is great.
As per the question 9th of the Month=Saturday. (day preceding Sunday) Day name repeats after 7 days. Therefore 9 minus 7=2nd of the given month is also Saturday.
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Mrunal [Reasoning] Calendar Questions: Finding day or date, concepts, shortcuts explained Print
Then 1st of the given month= Saturday Minus one day = Friday, Ans A
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Mrunal [Reasoning] Calendar Questions: Finding day or date, concepts, shortcuts explained Print
On 5th December 1993, Nirmala and Raju celebrated their anniversary on Sunday. What will be the day on their anniversary in 1997? a. b. c. d. Wednesday Thursday Friday Tuesday
Normal year jump +1 gain; Leap year jump +2 gain. years 1994 1995 1996 (leap year) 1997 total days day gain 1 1 2 1 5
Answer (C) Friday lets try one more with a bit difference:
After 7 days=> day name will repeat 30th September 1998 99 2000 (leap) day gain 1 1 2
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Mrunal [Reasoning] Calendar Questions: Finding day or date, concepts, shortcuts explained Print
1 1 1 7
Meaning whatever was the day on 30th sep. 1997 itll repeat on 2003 Therefore, after 1997, next time Mrs.Susheelas anniversary will be on same Tuesday on 30th September 2003 Ans A. Now, How about a CAT level question:
Same day gain, Day loss 1971 to 2001=how many jumps? 2001-1971=Total 30 years jump Out of those 30 years, how many leap years? 72, 76,.,00 (multiples of of 4 and 2000 is also leap year because It is multiple of 400) but no need to manually count leap years. if you observe 18 x 4 =(19)72 25 x 4 =(20)00 so from 18 to 25 = total 8 leap years. (plz note: 25-18=7 years, but weve to include both years as welltherefore.. in such counting, itll be 25-18+1=8 leap years) back to the start: 30 years jump and out of them 8 were leap years. Meaning 22 normal years + 8 leap years = total 30 years
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Mrunal [Reasoning] Calendar Questions: Finding day or date, concepts, shortcuts explained Print
22 normal years (+1 day gain) 22 x 1 =22 days 8 leap years (+2 days gain) 8 x 2= 16 days total gain 22+16=38 days 38/7=(75)+3 remainder Meaning whatever was the day on Dec 9, 1971, itll move to +3 days on dec 9 2001 Reverse is also true: Whatever was the day on Dec 2001, itll be three days less on Dec 9 1971: Since Dec 2001 was Sunday therefore, Sunday Minus 3 days= (just count in your head): SaturdayFridayThursday. Final answer is A: Thursday
Recall our Day gain Day loss principle For Non-Leap year, When we proceed forward by one year, then 1 day is gained and vice-versa. If 4th April, 1988 = Monday, then 4th April, 1989 = Tuesday (Because 1989 is a nonleap year) Remaining days until 5th Nov.89 Month April (4 to 30) May June July Aug Sep Oct Days 26 31 30 31 31 30 31
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Mrunal [Reasoning] Calendar Questions: Finding day or date, concepts, shortcuts explained Print
Nov total
5 215
=Tuesday + 215 Divide 215 with 7 to find the remainder 215=(30*7)+5 Hence five is the remainder Back to the problem = Tuesday + [5 days] What is the 5th day after Tuesday? Count on your fingertip: Wed, Thurs., Fri, Sat., Sunday =Sunday (Final answer D)
Divide this by 7 and find remainder: 26=(7*3)+5 so remainder is 5 =Tuesday + 5 = Tuesday + 5 days =Sunday
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Mrunal [Reasoning] Calendar Questions: Finding day or date, concepts, shortcuts explained Print
After cancelling the two pairs of (5+2), Im left with four 3s= 12 (because 4 x 3=12) =Tuesday + 12 now divide 12 with 7 find remainder: 12=7*1 +5 = Tuesday + 5 days =Sunday
Example: What was the day on 15th August 1947? To solve this type of questions, youve to first mug up these two tables:
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Mrunal [Reasoning] Calendar Questions: Finding day or date, concepts, shortcuts explained Print
300 1 400, 800, 1200, 1600 etcmultiples of 400 0 ^ok but what is the use of above table? It tells us the number of odd days in that given year. I dont want to bore you with the theory so just mug up those values.
Just remember that 1 to 6 is Monday to Saturday and 0 or 7=Sunday. ^ok but what is the use of above table? just hang on for a few more paragraphs and youll know! Now lets try a sum
5 3 1 0
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Mrunal [Reasoning] Calendar Questions: Finding day or date, concepts, shortcuts explained Print
1946=>0+1+(46) Step 4: Now for the number in bracket (46), divide it by 4 and add quotient in same line. in this case 46=(11x4)+2 therefore, 11 is quotient and 2 is remainder. Were concerned with number and quotient here 1946=0+1+(46+11) Step5: Now add all these numbers and divide by 7 0+1+(46+11) =58 And when you divide 58 by 7, you get 58= (7*8)+2. Therefore remainder is 2. we got the number 2 = well call this our 31Dec Number Observe second table 0, 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday
From this table we can see that 2=>Tuesday It means 31st December 1946 was Tuesday. Now we apply our 7day cycle concept to find out the day on 15th August 1947 using the following formula Given day= (our 31Dec Number 2)+ *how many days till we reach 15th August?* Step 6 from 1st Jan 1947 till we reach 15th August 1947 days in given month Jan 31 feb (not leap year) 28
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Mrunal [Reasoning] Calendar Questions: Finding day or date, concepts, shortcuts explained Print
march april may june july august (upto 15th Aug) total back to the bold part
31 30 31 30 31 15 227 days
(Our 31Dec Number)+ *how many days till we reach 15th August?* =2 + 227 =229 Step 7 Divide this number (229) by 7 and whatever remainder you get= that is our day from table #2 229/7=(32*7)+5 so 5 is the remainder and as per table#2 0, 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday
10/3/13
Mrunal [Reasoning] Calendar Questions: Finding day or date, concepts, shortcuts explained Print
from 1st Jan 1947 till we reach 15th August 1947 Jan feb (not leap year) march april may june july august (upto 15th Aug) total
^as you see we had to sum of 31+28+31.=lot of time taken in doing the addition (+). So, it is better to just add remainders for each month with 7 30=(7*4)+2=> 2 remainder 31=(7*4)+3=> 3 remainder. Now observe again from 1st Jan 1947till we reach 15th August 1947 Jan feb (not leap year) march april may june july august (upto 15th Aug) total now instead of 227 we can simply write 17 Our 31Dec Number+ *how many days till we reach 15th August?* =2+17 =19 Therefore 19/7 = its remainder will tell us the final day
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Mrunal [Reasoning] Calendar Questions: Finding day or date, concepts, shortcuts explained Print
Speed Technique #3
after doing the division with 4 to find quotient step, you got following =0+3+(56+14) Whenever you see the multiple of 7, just scratch that number (because itll give remainder zero anyways) for example
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Mrunal [Reasoning] Calendar Questions: Finding day or date, concepts, shortcuts explained Print
=0+3+(56+14) Here both 56 and 14 are multiples of 7 so even if you divide them by 7, youre going to get zero as remainder. =0+3+0+0=3 is 31Dec Number as per table#2: 3 means Wednesday. Meaning 31st December 1856 was Wednesday now our 31Dec Number+ how many days till 10th May, 1857? from 1st Jan 1857till we reach 31th May 1857 Jan feb (not leap year in 1857) march april may total back to our problem our 31Dec Number+ how many days till 10th May, 1857? =3 + 11 =14 when 14 is divided by 7 we get zero as remainder. as per table#2 0, 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday days in given month 31 28 31 30 10 *not needed* remainder with 7 3 0 3 2 3, Because 10=(7 x 1)+3 11
Zero means Sunday. so final answer 10th May 1857 was Sunday.
Extra facts:
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Mrunal [Reasoning] Calendar Questions: Finding day or date, concepts, shortcuts explained Print
1. The 1st day of a century must be Tuesday, Thursday, or Saturday. 2. The last day of a century cannot be Tuesday, Thursday, or Saturday.
Mock questions
1. In 2013, Gandhis birth-anniversary is on Wednesday. In which nearest future year, will his birth-anniversary be on Monday? 2. If 29th April 2013 is Monday then what is the day on 30th November 2013? 3. If June 11, 2013 is Monday, what was the day on July 11, 2000 4. What was the day on 9/11 attacks in 2001 5. What was the day on 26/11 attacks in 2008
Answers
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 2017 30/nov/13=Saturday 11/jul/00=Monday 11/09/01=Tuesday 26/11/08=Wednesday
URL to article: http://mrunal.org/2013/08/reasoning-calendar-questions-findingday-or-date-concepts-shortcuts-explained.html Posted By Mrunal On 09/08/2013 @ 22:58 In the category Aptitude
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