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Mcdonald 11
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1. SAAB MARFIN MBAMBA MARKETING PROJECT REPORT ON MARKETING STRATERGY 2

Mcdonalds presentation
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2. SAAB MARFIN MBA TABLE OF CONTENTSS.No. CONTENTS Page No.1. Company Description 52. History of McDonalds 83. Goals and Objectives 104. Mission statement 105. McDonalds India-A Profile 116. Evolution of McDonalds marketing in 13 India7. McDonalds Strategic Marketing Mix 168. Importance of PLC in McDonalds 229. McDonalds SWOT Analysis 2810. Competitors Analysis 3111. Research Methodology 3212. Data Analysis and Interpretation 3413. Recommendations and Conclusion 4114. Appendices 44 MBA MARKETING PROJECT REPORT ON MARKETING STRATERGY 3
mcdonalds Fgs bm research
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3. SAAB MARFIN MBA15. Bibliography 48COMPANY DESCRIPTION: Established in California during the 1940s bytwo brothers, the McDonalds restaurant became a popular teen hangout in thefirst flush of post-war affluence. To feed these youthful bodies, the brothersreduced the menu to the perennial favourite hamburgers, applied assemblyline techniques to food production and expanded to four restaurants by 1953.Taking note of the brothers success, in 1955, Entrepreneur Ray Kroc boughtthe right to franchise the McDonalds System. Renamed the McDonaldsCorporation in 1960, Kroc focused his marketing effort on the family meal andchildren, spending heavily on television advertising which promoted the smilingclown face of its child-friendly brand mascot, Ronald McDonald. Today, theMcDonalds franchise exceeds 30,000 restaurants globally and serves over 50million people in more than 121 countries each day. The business began in 1940, Their introductionof the "Speedee Service System" in 1948 established the principles of themodern fast-food restaurant. The original mascot of McDonalds was a manwith a chefs hat on top of a hamburger shaped head whose name was MBA MARKETING PROJECT REPORT ON MARKETING STRATERGY 4
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4. SAAB MARFIN MBA"Speedee." Speedee was eventually replaced with Ronald McDonald in 1963.Believing that the McDonald formula was a ticket to success, Kroc suggestedthat they franchise their restaurants throughout the country. When theyhesitated to take on this additional burden, Kroc volunteered to do it for them.He returned to his home outside of Chicago with rights to set up McDonaldsrestaurants throughout the country, except in a handful of territories inCalifornia and Arizona already licensed by the McDonald brothers. Krocs firstMcDonalds restaurant opened in Des Plaines, Illinois, near Chicago, on April 15,1955--the same year that Kroc incorporated his company as McDonaldsCorporation. As with any new venture, Kroc encountered a number of hurdles.The first was adapting the McDonalds building design to a northern climate. Abasement had to be installed to house a furnace, and adequate ventilation wasdifficult, as exhaust fans sucked out warm air in the winter and cool air in thesummer. Most frustrating of all, however, was Krocs initial failure to reproducethe McDonalds delicious french fries. Once the Des Plaines restaurant wasoperational, Kroc sought franchisees for his McDonalds chain. The first snagcame quickly. In 1956 he discovered that the McDonald brothers had licensedthe franchise rights for Cook County, Illinois (home of Chicago and many of itssuburbs) to the Frejlack Ice Cream Company. Kroc was incensed that theMcDonalds had not informed him of this arrangement. He purchased the rightsback for $25,000--five times what the Frejlacks had originally paid--andpressed forward. Kroc decided early on that it was best to first establish therestaurants and then to franchise them out, so that he could control theuniformity of the stores. Early McDonalds restaurants were situated in thesuburbs. Corner lots were usually in greater demand because gas
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stations andshops competed for them, but Kroc preferred lots in the middle of blocks toaccommodate his U-shaped parking lots. Since these lots were cheaper, Kroccould give franchisees a price break. McDonalds grew slowly for its first threeyears; by 1958 there were 34 restaurants. In 1959, however, Kroc opened 67new restaurants, bringing the total to more than 100. Kroc had decided at the outset that McDonaldswould not be a supplier to its franchisees-his background in sales warned himthat such an arrangement could lead to lower quality for the sake of higherprofits. He also had determined that the company should at no time own morethan 30 percent of all McDonalds restaurants. He knew, however, that hissuccess depended upon his franchisees success, and he was determined tohelp them in any way that he could. In 1960 the McDonalds advertisingcampaign "Look for the Golden Arches" gave sales a big boost. Kroc believedthat advertising was an investment that would in the end come back manytimes over, and advertising has always played a key role in the development ofthe McDonalds Corporation-indeed, McDonalds ads have been some of themost identifiable over the years. In 1962 McDonalds replaced its "Speedee" thehamburger man symbol with its now world-famous Golden Arches logo. A yearlater, the company sold its billionth hamburger and introduced RonaldMcDonald, a red-haired clown with particular appeal to children. The present MBA MARKETING PROJECT REPORT ON MARKETING STRATERGY 5 5. SAAB MARFIN MBAcorporation dates its founding to the opening of a franchised restaurant by RayKroc, in Des Plaines, Illinois on April 15, 1955 , the ninth McDonalds restaurantoverall. Kroc later purchased the McDonald brothers equity in the company andled its worldwide expansion and the
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company became listed on the public stockmarkets in 1965. Kroc was also noted for aggressive business practices,compelling the McDonalds brothers to leave the fast food industry. TheMcDonalds brothers and Kroc feuded over control of the business, asdocumented in both Krocs autobiography and in the McDonald brothersautobiography. The site of the McDonald brothers original restaurant is now amonument. The menu was simple: hamburgers, cheeseburgers, French fries,shakes, soft drinks, and apple pie. The carhops were eliminated to makeMcDonalds a self-serve operation, and there were no tables to sit at, nojukebox, and no telephone. As a result, McDonalds attracted families ratherthan teenagers. Perhaps the most impressive aspect of the restaurant was theefficiency with which the McDonalds workers did their jobs. Mac and DickMcDonald had taken great care in setting up their kitchen. Each workers stepshad been carefully choreographed, like an assembly line, to ensure maximumefficiency. The savings in preparation time, and the resulting increase in volume,allowed the McDonalds to lower the price of a hamburger from 30 cents to 15cents. With the expansion of McDonalds into many international markets, thecompany has become a symbol of globalization and the spread of the Americanway of life. Its prominence has also made it a frequent topic of public debatesabout obesity, corporate ethics and consumer responsibility.Redesign :In 2006, McDonalds introduced its "Forever Young" brand by redesigning all oftheir restaurants, the first major redesign since the 1970s. The new design willinclude the traditional McDonalds yellow and red colors, but the red will bemuted to terra cotta, the yellow will turn golden for a more "sunny" look, andolive and sage green will be added. To warm up their look, the restaurants willhave less plastic and more brick and wood, with modern hanging lights toproduce a softer glow. Contemporary art or framed
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photographs will hang onthe walls.The exterior will have golden awnings and a "swish brow" instead ofthe traditional double-slanted roof. The new restaurants will feature areas: The "linger" zone will offer armchairs, sofas, and Wi-Fi connections. The "grab and go" zone will feature tall counters with bar stools for customerswho eat alone; Plasma TVs will offer them news and weather reports. The "flexible" zone will be targeted toward families and will have boothsfeaturing fabric cushions with colorful patterns and flexible seating. Different music targeted to each zone.Business model : MBA MARKETING PROJECT REPORT ON MARKETING STRATERGY 6 6. SAAB MARFIN MBAMcDonalds Corporation earns revenue as an investor in properties, a franchiserof restaurants, and an operator of restaurants. Approximately 15% ofMcDonaldsrestaurants are owned and operated by McDonalds Corporation directly. Theremainder are operated by others through a variety of franchise agreementsand joint ventures. The McDonalds Corporations business model is slightlydifferent from that of most other fastfood chains. In addition to ordinaryfranchise fees and marketing fees, which are calculated as a percentage ofsales, McDonalds may also collect rent, which may also be calculated on thebasis of sales. As a condition of many franchise agreements, which vary bycontract, age, country, and location, the Corporation may own or lease theproperties on which McDonalds franchises are located. In most, if not all cases,the franchisee does not own the location of its restaurants. The UK businessmodel is different, in that fewer than 30% of restaurants are franchised, with themajority under the ownership of the company. McDonalds trains itsfranchisees and others at Hamburger University in Oak Brook, Illinois. In othercountries, McDonalds restaurants are operated
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by joint ventures of McDonaldsCorporation and other, local entities or governments. As a matter of policy,McDonalds does not make direct sales of food or materials to franchisees,instead organizing the supply of food and materials to restaurants throughapproved third party logistics operators. According to Fast Food Nation by EricSchlosser (2001), nearly one in eight workers in the U.S. have at some timebeen employed by McDonalds. 1955 Ray Kroc opens his first restaurant in Des Plaines, Illinois and the McDonalds Corporation is created. 1957 Quality, Service, Cleanliness and Value (QSC& V) becomes the MBA MARKETING PROJECT REPORT ON MARKETING STRATERGY 7 7. SAAB MARFIN MBA company motto.1959 The 100th McDonalds opens in Chicago.1961 Hamburger University opens in Elk Grove, near Chicago.1963 One billion hamburgers sold. Ronald McDonald makes his debut.1964 Filet-OFish sandwich is introduced.1965 McDonalds Corporation goes public.1967 The first restaurants outside of the USA open in Canada and Puerto Rico.1968 The Big Mac is introduced. The 1,000th restaurant opens in Des Plaines, Illinois.1972 A new McDonalds restaurant opens every day. The Quarter Pounder is introduced.1973 Egg McMuffin is introduced.1974 The first Ronald McDonald House opens in Philadelphia. The Happy Meal is launched.1983 Chicken McNuggets is introduced. New Hamburger University campus opens in Oak Brook, Illinois. Set in 80 wooded acres. Training is provided for every level of McDonalds management worldwide. 50 billionth hamburger sold.1984 Ronald McDonald Childrens Charities is founded in Ray Krocs memory to raise funds in support of child welfare.1989 McDonalds is listed on the Frankfurt, Munich, Paris and Tokyo stock exchanges.1990 McDonalds opens in Pushkin Square
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and Gorky Street, Moscow. MBA MARKETING PROJECT REPORT ON MARKETING STRATERGY 8 8. SAAB MARFIN MBA 1993 The first McDonalds at sea opens aboard the Silja Europa, the worlds largest ferry sailing between Stockholm and Helsinki. 1994 Restaurants open in Bahrain, Bulgaria, Egypt, Kuwait, Latvia, Oman, New Caledonia, Trinidad and United Arab Emirates, bringing the total to over 15,000 in 79 countries on 6 continents. 1996 McDonalds opens in India the 95th country.GOALS AND OBJECTIVES:1. McDonalds vision is to be the worlds best quick service restaurantsexperience.2. McDonalds is committed to maintaining and developing the best foodproducts in thequick service restaurant market.3. In order to deliver this, the company has made a number of commitments tofoodsafety and nutrition.4. Lead the Quick Service Restaurant market by a program of site developmentandprofitable restaurant openings, and by attracting new customers. Increasingsalesthrough promotions willenable them to continue their program of expansion.5. McDonalds have an objective to continual enhance and improve their menu.This will MBA MARKETING PROJECT REPORT ON MARKETING STRATERGY 9 9. SAAB MARFIN MBAbetter satisfy their customers and give customers more reason to visit. Manyideas fornew items on the menu come from the franchisees responding to customerdemand.Consumer tastes change over time and McDonalds has to respond to thesechanges.MISSION STATEMENT:"McDonalds vision is to be the worlds best quick servicerestaurant experience. Being the best means providingoutstanding quality, service, cleanliness, and value, so that wemake every customer in every restaurant smile."McDonalds India-A Profile:McDonalds opened its doors
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in India in October 1996. Ever since then, thefamily restaurants in Mumbai, Delhi, Pune, Ahmedabad, Vadodara, Ludhiana, MBA MARKETING PROJECT REPORT ON MARKETING STRATERGY 10 10. SAAB MARFIN MBAJaipur, Noida Faridabad, Doraha, Manesar and Gurgaon have proceeded todemonstrate, much to the delight of all the customers, what the McDonaldsexperience is all about.McDonalds in India is a 50-50 joint venture partnership between McDonaldsCorporation [USA] and two Indian businessmen. Amit Jatias companyHardcastle Restaurants Pvt. Ltd. owns and operates McDonalds restaurants inWestern India. While Connaught Plaza Restaurants Pvt. Ltd headed by VikramBakshi owns and operates the Northern operations. Amit Jatia and VikramBakshi are like-minded visionaries who share McDonalds completecommitment to Quality, Service, Cleanliness and Value (QSC&V). Having signedtheir joint-venture agreements with McDonalds in April 1995, they trainedextensively, along with their Indian management team, in McDonaldsrestaurants in Indonesia and the U.S.A. before opening the first McDonaldsrestaurant in India.Respect for local cultureMcDonalds India has developed a special menu with vegetarian selections tosuit Indian tastes and preferences. McDonalds does not offer any beef or porkitems in India. Only the freshest chicken, fish and vegetable products find theirway into our Indian restaurants.In addition, theyve reformulated some of their products using spices favouredby Indians. Among these are McVeggie burger, McAloo Tikki burger, Veg.Pizza McPuff and Chicken McGrill burger. Theyve also created egglesssandwich sauces for the vegetarian customers. Even their soft serves andMcShakes are egg-less, offering a larger variety to their vegetarian consumers.International
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StandardsMcDonalds Indias local suppliers provide them with the highest quality,freshest ingredients. Complete adherence to the Indian Government regulationson food, health and hygiene is ensured, while maintaining their own recognizedinternational standards. Fast, friendly service - the hallmark of McDonaldsrestaurants the world over is the mantra we abide them.Stringent cleaning standards ensure that all tables, chairs, highchairs and traysare sanitised several times each hour. Such meticulous attention to cleanlinessextends beyond the lobby and kitchen to even the pavement and immediateareas outside the restaurant.McD Philosophy"We take the burger business more seriously than anyone else." WhenMcDonalds founder, Ray Kroc made that memorable statement, he was letting MBA MARKETING PROJECT REPORT ON MARKETING STRATERGY 11 11. SAAB MARFIN MBAthe world in on the philosophy and secret behind McDonalds phenomenalsuccess.Their vision to be Indias "best" quick service restaurant experience issupported by a set of principles and core values.The principles that guide them Quality, Service, Cleanliness & Value - It is an unflinching McDonalds ideology that their customers must always get quality products, served quickly and with a smile, in a clean and pleasant environment; and all at a fair price. They are committed to exceeding their customers expectations in every restaurant every time. They have a passion and a responsibility for enhancing and protecting the McDonalds brand. They believe in a collaborative management approach, employing a mutually respectful business philosophy. They will seize every opportunity to innovate and lead the industry on behalf of their customers.Business Model : Franchise Model Only 15% of the total number of restaurants are owned by the Company. The
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remaining 85% is operated by franchisees. The company follows a comprehensive framework of training and monitoring of its franchises to ensure that they adhere to the Quality, Service, Cleanliness and Value propositions offered by the company to its customers. Product Consistency By developing a sophisticated supplier networked operation and distribution system, the company has been able to achieve consistent product taste and quality across geographies. Act like a retailer and think like a brand McDonalds focuses not only on delivering sales for the immediate present, but also protecting its long term brand reputation. MBA MARKETING PROJECT REPORT ON MARKETING STRATERGY 12 12. SAAB MARFIN MBAChallenges in Entering Indian Markets : Regiocentricism: Re-engineering the menu - McDonalds has continually adapted to the customers tastes, value systems, lifestyle, language and perception. Globally McDonalds was known for its hamburgers, beef and pork burgers. Most Indians are barred by religion not to consume beef or pork. To survive, the company had to be responsive to the Indian sensitivities. So McDonalds came up with chicken, lamb and fish burgers to suite the Indian palate. The vegetarian customer India has a huge population of vegetarians. To cater to this customer segment, the company came up with a completely new line of vegetarian items like McVeggie burger and McAlooTikki. The separation of vegetarian and non-vegetarian sections is maintained throughout the various stages.Evolution of McDonalds marketing in India:When McDonalds India launched in 1996, urban Indians in Mumbai and Delhitypically ate out three to fives times a month, according to AT Kearney, themanagement consultancy. In the 12 years since then, that average frequencyhas doubled
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and analysts forecast that by 2011 the Indian quick servicerestaurant market will be worth 30,000 crore (about $6.3bn at October 2008exchange rates). But from their earliest investments in India, multinationalcompany (MNC) owners of restaurant chains have struggled to adapt to theneeds of Indias many markets. Some pulled out of the country after failedventures. At the time, consolidation of the hugely fragmented Indian retailsector had also barely begun, and there was scepticism that Indians wouldprefer burgers and fast food to local food offerings. However, in the interveningdecade, McDonalds has continued to open new outlets in the country, evolvingits marketing strategy through several phases.Twelve years of McDonalds India: McDonalds India was set up as a 50:50 joint-venture between McDonalds at aglobal level and regional Indian partners such as Hardcastle Restaurants PrivateLimited in western India, and Connaught Plaza Restaurants Private Limited innorthern India. The first Indian McDonalds outlet opened in Mumbai in 1996.Since then, outlets have begun trading in metropolitan and Tier II towns acrossthe country. By September 2008, it had premises in Mumbai, Bangalore, Baroda,Pune, Indore, Nasik, Chennai, Hyderabad, Surat and Ahmedabad. Amit Jatia,Managing Director, McDonalds India, said: "The past decade has witnessed a MBA MARKETING PROJECT REPORT ON MARKETING STRATERGY 13 13. SAAB MARFIN MBAmarked change in Indian consumption patterns, especially in terms of food.Households in middle, upper and high-income categories now have higherdisposable income per member and a propensity to spend more."Phase I: Launching the brandThe starting point for McDonalds India was to change Indian consumersperceptions, which associated it with being foreign, American, not knowingwhat to expect and discomfort with the
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new or different. McDonalds wantedto position itself as Indian and a promoter of family values and culture, aswell as being comfortable and easy. Simultaneously, the brand wanted tocommunicate that, operationally, it was committed to maintaining a qualityservice, cleanliness and offering value for money. Says Arvind Singhal, Head ofMarketing at McDonalds India: "From a marketing communications standpoint,we chose to focus on familiarizing the customer with the brand. The brand wasbuilt on establishing functional benefits as well as experiential marketing." Until2000, McDonalds India did not have enough reach to use mass media such astelevision advertising. Instead, most of its marketing effort focused on outletdesign, new store openings and PR about its attempts to tailor a menu to Indiantastes. Amit Jatia said: "Products like McAloo Tikki burger, Veg Pizza McPuff andChicken McGrill burger were formulated and introduced using spices favored byIndians. The menu development team has been responsible for special sauceswhich use local spices do not contain beef and pork. Other products do notcontain eggs and are 100% vegetarian. The Indianized products have been sowell received that we even export McAloo Tikki burger and Veg. PizzaMcPuff to the Middle East."However the company did not escape food criticism in the country. For instance,it hurt the religious sentiments of Indians by using beef flavoring for its"Vegetarian" French Fries. Says Sridhar, National Creative Director, Leo Burnett:"When McDonalds launched we took a conscious call of not introducing anybeef or pork in our products. Thus, when controversies around McDonaldsproducts started during the early and growth stages of the Indian business, wereacted quickly. We educated our customers about the build of our productsand did extensive kitchen tours for our customers. We showed them how weuse separate vegetarian and non-vegetarian platforms for cooking
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a first inany market for McDonalds."Phase II: Brand advertisingBy 2000, McDonalds India was ready to begin TV advertising. Arvind Singhalsaid: "The first Indian TV commercial, Stage Fright, attempted to establish anemotional connection between the (Indian) family and the brand. Over the yearsadvertising has reinforced this positioning, supported by promotions." TheStage Fright campaign aimed to establish McDonalds as a familiar, comfortableplace. It featured a child who suffers stage fright and is unable to recite a poem.On entering McDonalds, he easily recites it in the stores familiar environment.A second campaign featured a child and his family moving into a new place. He MBA MARKETING PROJECT REPORT ON MARKETING STRATERGY 14 14. SAAB MARFIN MBAmisses his previous surroundings until McDonalds provides somethingfamiliar. These storylines were supported by other initiatives. The companysone-minute service guarantee attempted to reinforce its reputation for fast,friendly and accurate service and it also ran in-store events for mothers andchildren. Mr Singhal says: "To kids sitting on the Ronald McDonald bench,pumping sauce from the sauce machine became brand rituals."K.V. Sridhar, National Creative Director, Leo Burnett, the companys agency inIndia, adds: "In the launch phase the communication focused solely on buildingbrand and product relevance. The brands scores on relevance to families andkids were very high." Later, McDonalds realized there was untapped potential inthe youth audience who considered McDonalds expensive and mainly forchildren. Sridhar says: "In 2004, we launched the Happy Price Menu with a valuemessage for a younger audience. For the first time McDonalds India saw asurge of younger consumers and people from socioeconomic class B walk intoour stores. "We had realized that the Indian
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consumer was price sensitive andeven though the organization managed to establish a sense of familiarity,Indian consumers continued to perceive McDonalds as an expensive eating outoption."Phase III: Appealing to both ends of the age spectrumIn 2008, the latest campaign from the McDonalds-Leo Burnett stable usesfather-son duos from the Indian film industry to reiterate the theme of"Yesteryears Prices". It features Bollywood stars from past decades togetherwith their sons and a message that prices have not risen in line with thepassage of time. The Happy Price campaign has also been promoted via virals.Outdoor has also promoted a home delivery option in a country where homedelivery is common in urban areas. McDonalds has also been exploringstrategic tie-ups with Indian sports properties such as the IPL crickettournament, where it was one of the events food providers. Amit Jatia, however,says: "The eating out market in India is very large and has huge potentialfuelled by rising disposable incomes. There are many Indian and internationalplayers who have entered in the market since the last decade and unbrandedfood chains have also grown significantly. "The Indian consumer has seen valuein what we have to offer at our restaurants which is a testament to our model." MBA MARKETING PROJECT REPORT ON MARKETING STRATERGY 15 15. SAAB MARFIN MBAMcDonalds Strategic Marketing MixIntroduction:When the Dick and Mac McDonald opened their first restaurant in SanBernardino, California in 1948, they never could have imagined theextraordinary growth their company would experience. From modestbeginnings, they found a winning formula selling high quality products quicklyand low-cost. It was not until 1955 when Ray Kroc, a salesman from Chicago,became involved in the business
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that McDonalds really began to flourish. Krocrealized the same successful McDonalds formula could be exploitedthroughout the United States and beyond with the use of franchising. Afranchise is an agreement or license to sell a companys products exclusively ina particular area, or to operate a business that carries that companys name.In 1955, Kroc knew that the key to success was through rapid expansion; thus,the best way to achieve this was through offering franchises. Today, over 70percent of McDonalds Restaurants are franchises. In 1986, the first franchised MBA MARKETING PROJECT REPORT ON MARKETING STRATERGY 16 16. SAAB MARFIN MBAMcDonalds opened in the United Kingdom. Now, there are over 1,150restaurants, employing more than 49,000 people, of which 34 percent areoperated by franchisees. Moreover, there are over 30,000 these restaurants inmore than 119 countries, serving over 47 million customers around the world.In 2000 alone, McDonalds served over 16 billion customers. For perspective,that number is equivalent to providing a lunch and dinner for every man,woman, and child in the world! McDonalds global sales were over $40 billion,making it by far the largest food service company in the world.Because of the invention of franchising and the development of some of themost creative marketing and branding campaigns, McDonalds is one of theworlds most well-known, valuable brands holding a leading share in theglobally branded, quick service restaurant segment of the informal diningoutmarket in virtually every country in which they do business. As a leader in thefast food industry, McDonalds is often targeted. Some of the ways McDonaldshandles the attacks of the media and competition is by creating a marketingmix to highlight the positive impacts the organization. McDonalds
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must keepthe strategic nature of its marketing efforts to stay on top and provide whatcustomers want.Marketing Mix:Marketing mix must focus on the product, pricing, promotion, and placementof item in order to make it successful. Marketing strategies must featurecustomer orientation, input, and accessibility in the fight to the top of themarket. McDonalds is no different. One can recognize that McDonalds primarytarget market is children ages 3-11 and their parents. McDonalds understoodthat the parent was making the purchasing decision, most likely based on price. MBA MARKETING PROJECT REPORT ON MARKETING STRATERGY 17 17. SAAB MARFIN MBAWhat McDonalds marketing executives did was ingenious. They put a $.50 toyin with the hamburger, french fries, and drink and gave it a special name, the"Happy Meal". Then McDonalds marketed the Happy Meal to the kids. If youhave you ever asked your child where to buy a Happy Meal, they will tell youthat there is only one place you can buy one, and that is at McDonalds. Theyear in which some McDonalds Favorites were Introduced are:-1955 - Hamburgers, cheeseburgers, fries, shakes, soft drinks, coffee and milk1963 -Filet-O-Fish1968 -Big Mac and Hot Apple Pie1973 Quarter Pounder and Egg McMuffin1974 -McDonaldland Cookies1977 Breakfast Menu1978 -Sundaes1979 -Happy Meals1983 -Chicken McNuggets1986 -Biscuit Sandwiches1987 -Salads1998 -McFlurry Desserts1999 -Breakfast Bagels2000 -Chicken McGrill and Crispy Chicken2001 -Big N Tasty2003 -Premium Salads, Newmans Own salad dressings and McGriddles2004 - Chicken Selects Premium Breast StripsMcDonalds restaurants have a variety of strategies that apply to product,placement, promotion, and price that makes them one of the most
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successful,well-recognized organizations in the world.Product Strategies:McDonalds marketing strategies should be looked at historically in order to seethe larger picture of the firms success. There have been so many strategiessince the inception of the firm that it is difficult to account for them all, the twomost memorable are the development of the "Golden Arches" and "RonaldMcDonald". These two icons have given customers a mental image of what tolook for when they want quality food for a low price fast. The firmrevolutionized the fast food industry and positioned itself as the market leaderwith low-priced, quality food and provided an entertaining atmosphere for thechildren. These things were what that the market wanted at the time and thefirm answered in spades.The perceived secret of McDonalds success is the willingness to innovate, evenwhile striving to achieve consistency in the operation of its many outlets. Forexample, its breakfast menu, salads, Chicken McNuggets, and the McLeanDeluxe sandwich were all examples of how the company tried to appeal to a MBA MARKETING PROJECT REPORT ON MARKETING STRATERGY 18 18. SAAB MARFIN MBAwider range of consumers. The long history of innovation and experimentationresulted in new profit centers like Chicken McNuggets and the breakfast menu.Innovation and experimentation also produced some disappointments like theMcLean Deluxe, but inevitably experimentation in limited outlets providesMcDonalds a way to retain its key strengths-quality and consistency-whilecontinuing to evolve. The use of franchising, again, provides variousperspectives that, in turn, lead to innovation for products and solutions.Franchisees agree to operate their restaurants in the "McDonalds way" butthere remains room for innovation. Many ideas for new
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menu items come fromfranchisees responding to customer demand. Developing new products iscrucial to any business even those that successfully relied on a limited menu formany years. As consumer tastes change, menu innovation injects enthusiasmallowing the firm to explore markets previously overlooked or ignored. The"Egg McMuffin", for example, was introduced in 1971. This item enabledMcDonalds to accommodate consumers of the breakfast market. Filet-o-Fish,Drive-thrus, and Playlands were all products or concepts developed byfranchisees. McDonalds tries a few new concepts simultaneous in differentparts of the country to find the most promising new menu item. Those with themost potential could be rolled out further, while the ineffective ideas could beleft to die quickly. This strategy may be expensive, but the potential to unleashnew areas of growth in a maturing market seems to be right in line with whatMcDonalds has always done.In addition to the local flavors that have been created in the US, McDonaldsinternational restaurants have been conforming to local, regional, and ethnictastes, too. In a recent McDonalds case study this was explained further: "Forexample, Maharaja McBurger is a vegetarian burger marketed in India. Thespecial requirements for Kosher foods are followed in Israel. Similarly,McDonalds offers Halal food in Muslim countries such as Saudi Arabia, UAE,Kuwait, Indonesia, Malaysia, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. During promotions,McDonalds also introduces several other products. For example, its ProsperityBurger is popular in China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore at the time ofthe Chinese New Year celebrations. In order to respond to the growingphenomenon of health consciousness, McDonalds has moved in favor of leanground beef, 100% vegetable oil, 1% low-fat milk, low sodium, and low fat. Thisproduct strategy shows that McDonalds is interested in becoming part
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of theculture and is looking for ways to appeal to the market internationally.McDonalds menu is based on five main ingredients: beef, chicken, bread,potatoes and milk. Their main products are hamburgers, chicken sandwiches,fries, and beverages. In addition, they serve a variety of breakfast items anddesserts. Every McDonalds is uniform; you know exactly what you will get nomatter what store you go in to. Although McDonalds has thousands ofrestaurants around the world, it standardizes menus and operating proceduresin these restaurants to insure consistency throughout. To maintain consistencyin the current menu while the firm tests new products to expand the product MBA MARKETING PROJECT REPORT ON MARKETING STRATERGY 19 19. SAAB MARFIN MBAline, McDonalds relies on test marketing new menu items in pilot locations.New products are rigorously market tested so that the franchisee will have areasonable idea of its potential before it is added to the menu. The introductionof new products, which have already been researched and tested, considerablyreduces the risk for the franchisee. The franchisees additionally benefit fromthe extensive national market research programs that assess consumerattitudes and perceptions. What products do they want to buy and at what price?How are they performing compared to their competitors? This approach allows the firm to identify which items are likely to prove popularwith consumers while ensuring that the company can deliver new products withconsistent quality nationwide. McDonalds already has a history of doing this soit will not require major changes to its operations strategy-at least initially. Ifthe product line-up gets too large, then the task of maintaining qualitybecomes exponentially harder. The trick is to consider how to eliminate
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someof the existing menu items when you introduce new ones, while making surethe staff is fully trained in how to execute these products successfully.McDonalds serves the world some of its favorite foods - Fries, Big Mac,Quarter Pounder, Chicken McNuggets, and the Egg McMuffin. To this end,McDonalds had done well with a limited product range. Declining per unit salesand competitors gaining ground, may indicate that McDonalds menu needs aface-lift. One way to do that is by inserting a couple of new, highly promotedmenu items. This would refresh the product menu and provide new, satisfyingexperience for dinner consumers.Placement Strategies:McDonalds focuses on store placement and are always looking for the bestlocations. This strategy created some weakness in the last 10 years because itseemed that too many stores were put in some areas, cannibalizing sales fromthe other McDonalds. The company has also made convenience a focus, notonly through how fast it serves customers, but also in the location of its outlets.Freestanding restaurants are positioned so that you are never more than a fewminutes away by foot in the city or by car in the suburbs. In addition,McDonalds is tucking restaurants into schools, stores, and more.Because McDonalds has pretty well saturated the U.S. market, its only realopportunities for growth lie abroad, where the competition is not so cutthroator by introducing new restaurant concepts under brands other than McDonalds.The organizations overall objective is to increase market share. In this instance,the focus is purely on localization with different strategies for differentcountries. Pricing could not possibly be standardized across the globe withoutalienating many countries with poorer economies, thus defeating the initialobjective. McDonalds set an appropriate price for their product by looking at its MBA MARKETING PROJECT REPORT ON MARKETING STRATERGY 20
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20. SAAB MARFIN MBAcompetitors in each country. McDonalds is attempting to localize marketingcommunications due to the realization that it couldnt possibly appeal to allcountries at the same time. The firm sees the necessity to "brand globally, actlocally". For example, in China it was recognized that advertising on televisionwould be a waste of money because commercials between programs aregenerally ignored. Instead, McDonalds uses newspapers and magazines topromote its image. Similarly, in East Asia, McDonalds targets children in orderto gain optimum results. Of course, the ultimate message (brand) is the same;the medium is what is strategically modified.Pricing Strategies:The customers perception of value is an important determinant of the pricecharged. Customers draw their own mental picture of what a product is worth.A product is more than a physical item, it also has psychological connotationsfor the customer. The danger of using low price as a marketing tool is that thecustomer may feel that quality is being compromised. It is important whendeciding on price to be fully aware of the brand and its integrity. A furtherconsequence of price reduction is that competitors match prices resulting in noextra demand. This means the profit margin has been reduced withoutincreasing sales. McDonalds strategy is to offer quality food quickly to customers at a goodvalue. The pricing structure for McDonalds over years has supported thismessage. The company strives to differentiate itself from other fast foodrestaurants by offering a variety of menu items that appeal to a variety ofpeople from those who just want great hamburgers, to those who just want aquick healthy meal. McDonalds differentiates itself by offering a dollar menu,combination meals, and a free toy with Happy Meals.McDonalds, over the years, has also ran many promostions to increase trafficor product
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sales. For instance, the most recent roll out has been the 2004Chicken Selects premium Breast Strips. Right now, you can go to your localMcDonalds and "try them free." With this new product is offered a variation ofthe "usual" sauces for the Chicken Nuggest - a Chipotle Barbeque sauce is mostcommonly advertised. Another promotion was the "Campaign 55" where dinerscould buy a featured sandwich, like the Big Mac in April, for 55 cents whenpurchased with fries and a drink. This campaign wasnt as successful as the fastfood giant found would have hoped.Promotion Strategies:McDonalds knows that some customers go to its stores to take a quick breakfrom their days activities and not because McDonalds made the food tenseconds faster than their competitors could. Therefore, McDonalds marketing MBA MARKETING PROJECT REPORT ON MARKETING STRATERGY 21 21. SAAB MARFIN MBAexecutives then put together the phrase, "Have you had your break today?" Theycontinued to develop this idea with "You deserve a break today," and now are inthe "Im Lovin It!" mantra. "Im Lovin It!" doesnt seem to have as much punchas the earlier catch phrase, which still seems to be the favorite. McDonaldssees the use of these catch phrases and the use of the Golden Arches as a verysuccessful way of differentiating the restaurants from other fast foodcompetitors. McDonalds has taken price competition out of the picture becausethe customer feels they have gotten quality, convenience, service, and value -and McDonalds still makes you feel like you are getting a break in your hecticday. Creating catch phrases are only one kind of promotion, and McDonaldsuses many kinds of promotions to keep the restaurants at the top of theindustry.With the rise of health consciousness it has become more difficult McDonaldsto compete because their reputation
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brands them as cheap food served fast.The firms response to obesity claims against the organization and otherunfavorable public sediment is to add healthier items to their menu andpromote and offer health-conscious alternatives to the "would you like frieswith that" legacy. In addition, McDonalds has modernized their advertisements,pamphlets, and website to include nutritional information and addressing dietrestrictions. Breaking the unhealthy association is difficult on its own, but withmedia and movies such as "Supersize Me" adding to the fray, McDonalds hashad to look for alternative strategies to keep consumers happy.Another promotional strategy McDonalds uses is the huge investment insponsorship. This is also a central part of the image building process.Sponsorship of the 1998 football World Cup, the Premier League and theEuropean Championships increases awareness of McDonalds brand. However,McDonalds still follows Ray Krocs community beliefs today, supporting theTidy Britain Group and the Groundwork Trust, as well as local communityactivities. McDonalds has become a known community partner with RonaldMcDonald Houses across the nation for the use of families whose children arehospitalized and getting treatment far from home. This organization hascreated an image of partnership and community investment with these andother kinds of philanthropic activities.Determining which way to market McDonalds and its products is a veryimportant decision that can either cause products to fail or take flight. Thesesame decisions must be made in regards to the marketing of the company as awhole. Strategy is the name of this game.In a Nutshell:McDonalds marketing mix is strategic because of the diverse approaches thatare used. First, in identifying the "four Ps" of marketing addressed earlier(product, price, promotion, and placement), research shows that McDonalds isvery careful in making decisions that effect each area and/or
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how each area MBA MARKETING PROJECT REPORT ON MARKETING STRATERGY 22 22. SAAB MARFIN MBAeffects the other. McDonalds is concerned about how the firm will fulfill theneeds and wants of its customers and in the activities associated withmaintaining the relationships with its stakeholders. McDonalds stakeholdersinclude customers, franchisees, suppliers, employees, and the localcommunities surrounding them.McDonalds has shown care for customers through the decisions to add morehealthful foods to the menus, by changing how products are packaged or howfoods are prepared, and by philanthropic contributions and sponsorships. Therestaurant has developed competitive advantages in the industry of servingquality fast food at a low cost. In addition to these decisions, the developmentof the Golden Arches or Ronald McDonald has provided consumers withmemorable icons that are associated with quality, service, and value, just likethe McDonald brothers and Ray Kroc intended.McDonalds faces some difficult challenges in moving away from the fast foodking to a more health conscious provider for customers who care about whatthey eat. The keys to its future success will be maintaining its corestrengths-an unwavering focus on quality and consistency-while carefullyexperimenting with new options. The companys environmental efforts, whileimportant, should not overshadow its marketing initiatives. Though there aremany opportunities for this fast food giant, McDonalds must keep the strategicnature of its marketing efforts to stay on top and provide what customers want.Importance of PLC in McDonalds :The requirements of customers change over time and thus the product offeringhas to be changed accordingly. What is the fashion today may be out of marketwithinfew weeks.
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Thus continuous innovation is required. MBA MARKETING PROJECT REPORT ON MARKETING STRATERGY 23 23. SAAB MARFIN MBATo counter these changes McDonalds has continuously introduced newproducts and has phased out the old ones which were at the decline stage oftheir PLC. The introduction is timed such that the new product does notcannibalize the product already in the maturity or growth stage. Thus the secretlies in getting profits with different products in the different stages of the PLC.A perfect example of revitalising a product in decline phase:The French Fries have been an important part of the McDonalds menuworldwide. But now it was in the stage of decline and was actually not MBA MARKETING PROJECT REPORT ON MARKETING STRATERGY 24 24. SAAB MARFIN MBAgenerating proper return. In an attempt to revitalize it, a new variant wasintroduced namely Shake Shake Fries. This is being served with chatpata spicemix which has resulted in increase in the sales of French Fries and has elevatedit from to the decline stage. This is used to delay the decline of a wellestablished product which has the potential of generating further revenue.McDonalds Advertising :McDonalds has for decades maintained an extensive advertising campaign. Inaddition to the usual media (television, radio, and newspaper), the companymakes significant use of billboards and signage, sponsors sporting eventsranging from Little League to the Olympic Games, and makes coolers of orangedrink with their logo available for local events of all kinds. Nonetheless,television has always played a central role in the companys advertising strategy.To date, McDonalds has used 23 different slogans in United States advertising,as well as a few other slogans for select countries and regions. At times, it hasrun into trouble with its campaigns. This
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"image" or "reputation" advertising hasbecome a trademark of the company and created many memorable televisionmoments and themes, including:McDonalds is Your Kind of Place (1967)You Deserve a Break Today (1971)We Do it All for You (1975)You, Youre The One (1976)Nobody Can Do It Like McDonalds Can (1979)Renewed: You Deserve a Break Today (1980 & 1981)Nobody Makes Your Day Like McDonalds Can (1981)McDonalds and You (1983)Its a Good Time for the Great Taste of McDonalds (1984)Good Time, Great Taste, Thats Why This is My Place (1988)Food, Folks and Fun (1990)McDonalds Today (1991)What You Want is What You Get (1992)Have you Had your Break Today? (1995)My McDonalds (1997)Did Somebody Say McDonalds (1997)We Love to See You Smile (2000)Theres a little McDonalds in Everyone (2001) Canada Onlyim lovin it (2003)Comparison of McStrategies:Past McStrategies: MBA MARKETING PROJECT REPORT ON MARKETING STRATERGY 25 25. SAAB MARFIN MBA Product Development Successes: Fries, Happy Meal, Big Mac, Egg McMuffin, Promotions Failures: McPizza, Fajita, Carrot Sticks, McLean, and the Arch Deluxe Market Development Success: International growth Failure: Over-expansion in US Alternative locations Forward Integration Distribution through franchisees with control over store presentation, menu items Joint Venture: FranchiseesNew McStrategies: Leverage Brand Equity Product Development: Focus on core business Quality and taste issues Food delivery methods MBX (McDonalds Big Extra) Family Value Meal Joint Venture (Franchisee): Change methods of dealing with franchisees To better motivate owners and foster team spirit Enhance owners participation in process improvements Market Penetration and Development Continue International expansion Retrenchment Home office
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cost reductions Splitting into five geographic divisions Horizontal Integration Purchase competition with differing target markets MBA MARKETING PROJECT REPORT ON MARKETING STRATERGY 26 26. SAAB MARFIN MBACUSTOMER ANALYSIS: SEGMENTATION:The customers of McDonalds have been segmented on the basis of AIOD intofour categories, based on the product attributes that fulfill needs like fast food,ambience, statussymbol and hygiene. Activities Interests Opinions Demographics MBA MARKETING PROJECT REPORT ON MARKETING STRATERGY 27 27. SAAB MARFIN MBA1 Fast Student, Sports, Influenced by Age: 16-24 food Working, Entertainment, peer years old. Adventorous, fashion, pressure, Marital Energetic music, Energetic, status: Recreation Impulse Single; buying Heavy users2 Ambience Student, Entertainment, Ambitious, Age: 20-35 working/self Recreation, Future yrs made Fashion, business and old. Marital businessmen; Music, social issues, status: working on Socialization. Politics. Single projects. and Married. Light to medium users.3 Status Student, Sports, Energetic, Age: 16-25 Symbol working; Entertainment Impulse yrs Hanging out, , Fashion, buying, old. Marital Adventurous. Music, influenced by status: Recreation. peer Single; pressure. light to medium users4 Hygiene Working Home, Planned Age: 25-45 women/men, Recreation, purchasing, yrs housewives; shopping, Authoritarian, old; Marital Shopping, Fashion, Strong views, status: Club Politics,Futur Newly memberships. e business married, and Full Social issues. Nest; Light users1) FAST FOOD:This segment of customers enjoys the Quick Service Restaurant (QSR) facet ofMcDonalds and has its needs fulfilled. Since McDonalds competes rigorouslyin the market on the
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needs fulfilled. Since McDonalds competes rigorouslyin the market on the quick delivery attribute, the customers expect their food tobe delivered to them fast, both at the outlet, and at home (home delivery). A MBA MARKETING PROJECT REPORT ON MARKETING STRATERGY 28 28. SAAB MARFIN MBAlarge majority of this segment is composed of students whose activities areadventurous, enthusiastic, energetic, and recreational and revolve aroundsports, clubs, hangouts and shopping etc. This segment thus targets themarket that indulges in impulse buying and is influenced by peer-pressure.These customers are heavy user of the product at hand. A minority of newlyworking people are also included in this segment.2)AMBIENCE:This segment enjoys the unique ambience provided by McDonalds. Since theregular consumers of this product belong to the uppermiddle class, theyprefer having a meal with the level of customer service and a tinge ofsophistication that the outlets provide. The customers of this segment arestudents as well as working class. These people enjoy recreation andsocialization activities. They have strong views about the current affairs and thefuture business and social issues.3)STATUS SYMBOL:The people of this segment perceive the use of this product as a status symboland basically comprise students and new-working class. These customers likebeing seen at the right places and like to associate and socialize with people ofthe same class. These customers are enthusiastic about entertainment, fashion,music and sports. They have fickle opinions and subject to change because ofpeer pressure. They follow fads and indulge in impulse buying.4)HYGIENE:This segment comprises people who are concerned with hygiene and how thefood is prepared and served and also the cleanliness of the environment wherethey eat. It comprises of middle-aged people mostly housewives and
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workingwomen/men. These are light users and make purchases once in a while,probably as a substitute rather than a first-choice. These people areauthoritarian, have strong views about politics, business and current affairs.They make planned purchases and weigh their options before they make abuying decision. MBA MARKETING PROJECT REPORT ON MARKETING STRATERGY 29 29. SAAB MARFIN MBAStrengths Weaknesses1)McDonalds has a strong global 1)The food industry is reallypresence with its nearest domestic saturated. As a result of this,competitor being only half its size, McDonalds has to deal with theMcDonalds is the market leader in prospect of looming marketboth the domestic and international saturation, which could make itmarkets. 2)McDonalds benefit from difficult to add new outlets.cost reduction through economies 2)There is also an increasing priceof scale because of its enormous competition driven by too manysize and its huge global presence competitors, which reduces theallows it to diversify risk involved companys ability to increasewith the economic performance of revenue. Nevertheless, the swift ofspecific countries. the companys focus from a value3)McDonalds also has a strong real menu to a more diverse one hasestate portfolio. The companys recently limited the negative effectoutlets are located in areas that are of the intense price competitionhighly known for visibility, traffic that was traditionally taking placevolume and ease of access. among the industry leaders.4)McDonalds also has exceptional 3)Lack of product innovation isbrand recognition. This strong another weakness of McDonalds.brand recognition creates The last break-through forsignificant opportunities for the McDonalds was the Chickencompany. 5)McDonalds is able to McNugget in
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1983, but again thegenerate more sales because of its companys new strategy seems tobrand recognition. Through have successfully dealt with theaggressive market planning, problem through the popularity ofMcDonalds has been able to its new salads and other newrecapture its youth market once products.again. MBA MARKETING PROJECT REPORT ON MARKETING STRATERGY 30 30. SAAB MARFIN MBAOppurtunities Threats1)McDonalds sold its Donatos 1)McDonalds is exposed toPizzeria back to its founder in 2003 changes in the global economy. Theand discontinued Boston market companys aggressive internationaloperations outside of the US. expansion has left it extremely2)To increase profitability the vulnerable to other countriescompany has slowed its expansion economic slowdown.of McDonalds restaurants so as to 2)Foreign currency fluctuation isrefurbish and change the image of also another problem globalcurrent restaurants and adding new companies like McDonalds.features such as Internet access. 3)The Fast food industry is3)McDonalds still has plans for becoming an increasinglymore international expansion. competitive sector. McDonaldsMcDonalds still needs to penetrate keeps up with competitors throughin many countries especially in expensive promotional campaignsEurope, Asia and Latin America. which leads to limited margins to4)Changing trends in eating habits gain market share. 4)McDonalds istoward more health eating, seen as attempting to differentiate itself,a threat to McDonalds can also be with new formats and new menuseen as an opportunity. McDonalds items, but other fast food industryintroduced new premium salads are doing the same too. McDonaldand Fruit n Yogurt Parfaits in the s, just like other fast food industry,US which lead to growth in 2004 often
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receives bad press because ofand the same products will its link obesity.probably bring some more growth Topin foreign markets. international Competitors for McDonalds include: Yum! Brands, Inc, Wendys International, Inc., and Burger King Corporation.Evaluation of Benefits and Limitations:Benefits Limitations1) McDonalds is relatively inexpensive From the Customers perspective, thewhen compared to the ratio of cost inability of shoppers to touch, smell,against the reach of the other fast taste or "try on" tangible goods beforefoods. It can reach wide Customers for making a purchase can be limiting.a small fraction of traditional However, there is an industry standardadvertising budgets. The Service of the for Customers to reassure by havingcompany allows customers to Choose liberal return policies as well as MBA MARKETING PROJECT REPORT ON MARKETING STRATERGY 31 31. SAAB MARFIN MBAand purchase Food and services at providing in-store pick-up services.their own convenience. Therefore, Insufficient ability to measure impact,McDonalds have the advantage of lack of internal capability, andappealing to consumers in a medium difficulty convincing seniorthat can bring results quickly. The management.marketing strategy of McDonalds isnot under recession to be panic and In response to public pressure,can develop the strategic options for McDonalds has sought to includethe company. more healthy choices in its menu and has introduced a new slogan to its2) McDonalds also have the advantage recruitment posters: "Not bad for aof measuring the statistics easily and McJob". (The word McJob, first attestedinexpensively. Nearly all aspects of its in the mid-1980s and latermarketing strategy can be traced, popularized by Canadian
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novelistmeasured, and tested. It is not under Douglas Coupland in his bookthe position to advertise to build it Generation X, has become a buzz wordmarket it is under the peoples mind for low-paid, unskilled work with fewand have a good priority for prospects or benefits and littleMcDonalds. Therefore, customers can security.) McDonalds disputes the ideadetermine which service or offerings that its restaurant jobs have noare more appealing to the audience. prospects, noting that its CEO, JimThe results of marketing strategy can Skinner, started working at thebe measured and tracked immediately company as a regular restaurantbecause the measurements of the employee, and that 20 of its top 50performance of the employees are managers began work as regular crewtracked for customer needs. Such members. In 2007, the companymeasurement cannot be achieved launched an advertising campaign withthrough any advertising. the slogan "Would you like a career with that?" on Irish television, outlining3) McDonalds marketing strategies that their jobs have many prospects.directly impact food purchasing andeating habits. For example, in the late In a bid to tap into growing consumer1970s scientists announced a possible interest in the provenance of food, thelink between eating a high-fiber diet fast-food chain recently switched itsand a reduced risk of cancer. In 1984 supplier of both coffee beans andadvertisements claiming a relationship milk. McDonalds coffee is now brewedbetween high-fiber diets and from beans taken from stocks thatprotection against cancer appeared, have been certified by the Rainforestand by 1987 approximately 2 million Alliance, a conservation group.households had begun eating Similarly, milk supplies used for its hothigh-fiber cereal. Since then, other drinks and milkshakes have beenhealth claims, supported by scientific switched to organic sources whichstudies, have influenced consumers to could account for 5% of the
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UKsdecrease consumption of foods high in organic milk output.saturated fat and to increaseconsumption of fruits, vegetables, McDonalds announced on May 22, MBA MARKETING PROJECT REPORT ON MARKETING STRATERGY 32 32. SAAB MARFIN MBAskim milk, poultry, and fish. 2008 that, in the U.S. and Canada, itMcDonalds has dubbed its new will be introducing cooking oil for itsmarketing effort "Rolling Energy." The French fries that contains no transeffort was designed to focus on fats. The company will useincreasing credibility with consumers canola-based oil with corn and soy oilsat a time when people are becoming by years end for its baked items, piesmore interested in taking an active and cookies.role in their diets.Competitors Analysis :McDonalds has been a leading fast-foods outlet. But the outlet understudy hasother competitorseating away into its market share. In addition to its traditional rivalsKFC,Pizza Hutthe firm encounters new challenges. On the higher end, the KFC hasbecome potent competitor in the quick service field, taking away customersfrom McDonalds. Perhaps in the new environment, fast, convenient service isno longer enough to distinguish the firm. At this time, a new critical successfactor may be emerging: the need to create a rich, satisfying experience forconsumers. This brings us to service and experience based competition whichMcDonalds can use for competitive advantage. Keeping in mind thedemographics of the area, McDonalds has Wi-Fi enabled the outlet to cater tothe student community. It is for this overall Food, Fun & Folks experience thatcustomers pay a premium over the other competitors. Competition also reducesproduct lifecycle; inducing firms to revise their products portfolios and torevisit their product market to understand changing
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needs, expectations andperception of different market segments. The new McBreakfast would beintroduced between 6 to 11 am as a pilot project. This would open up a wholenew revenue stream for McDonalds by tapping into the student and workingpopulation by providing a healthy and wholesome breakfast. This shows howdemographic shift can affect the demand for products and services. McDonaldshas anticipated these changes to maintain its competitive edge.Two Dimensional Perceptual Mapping: MBA MARKETING PROJECT REPORT ON MARKETING STRATERGY 33 33. SAAB MARFIN MBAResearch Methodology:TITLE OF THE STUDYA study of the Marketing Strategies of McDonalds with special reference toIndore.OBJECTIVE OF THE RESEARCHThe basic objective of this project is to perform a thorough market analysis ofMcDonalds along with a detailed analysis of its marketing strategies withspecial reference to indore. The analysis incorporates market segmentation,company analysis, competitor analysis, market analysis, corporate strategiesand our recommendations...PROBLEM STATEMENTThere has been a drop in the percentage of consumers in Indore whereMcDonalds hadpenetration for its products. This study is intended to find out the factors thatinfluence the buying decision of the consumers of McDonalds products.SCOPE OF THE STUDY MBA MARKETING PROJECT REPORT ON MARKETING STRATERGY 34 34. SAAB MARFIN MBAThe scope of the study is limited solely to the markets visited by the researcherfor thepurpose of research. This may hence not be a total reflection of the wholepopulation of McDs consumers.SOURCES OF DATA Primary sources: The primary data was collected through questionnaires. They were filled using the scheduled method of data collection
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by the researcher. Secondary sources: The secondary sources were used only for collecting information regarding the sample, they were however not used for analysis. In- Depth interviews: IDIs were conducted across 8 people. 4 of these were students from the GSIMR campus and 4 were executive class. The purpose of these interviews was to understand the consumer, to know their buying processes and to know what the users considered as important. Focused group discussion: A FGD of 5 people was conducted. It consisted of youngsters between the ages of 20-26 with 3 males and 2 females. The objective of the discussion was to understand the attributes that the consumers of McDonalds products values and to know their perceptions about various brands.LIMITATIONS OF THE RESEARCHThe limitations of the research were as follows: 1) Lack of proper experience on the part of the researcher in conducting such studies in the past. 2) The time period for carrying out the research was short as a result of which many facts have been left unexplored. 3) The area for study which is quite a large area to judge out the consumer preferences 4) Only 100 respondents have been chosen which is a small number to represent the whole of the population. 5) While collection of the data many consumers were unwilling to fill the questionnaire. 6) Many of the respondents did not fill the questionnaire completely because of which the sample size got reduced to 80. 7) Method of sampling is chosen which seems not to be appropriate. MBA MARKETING PROJECT REPORT ON MARKETING STRATERGY 35 35. SAAB MARFIN MBAAnalysisThe data was collected from within the campus and outside the campus.Around 100 responses were collected in all. Some of the responses were notcomplete and in all 80 responses 70 offline
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through questionnaire and 10online were selected.Tools Utilized Percentage Analysis Graph Chart Pie chartsDATA ANALYSIS & INTERPRETATION: 1. What is your Gender ? Male/Female 2. Which age group are you from ? a) 1519 b) 20-24 c) 25-29 d) 30-34 e) 35-39 f) 40+ MBA MARKETING PROJECT REPORT ON MARKETING STRATERGY 36 36. SAAB MARFIN MBA3. Is McDonalds your favourite fast food chain ? Yes/No4. What is the reason for your answer to question no. 3 ?a)Price b)Accessibility c)Food Quality d)Advertisemente)Atmosphere f)Ethical Issues5. Do you think McDonalds Operates ethically in your Country ? Yes/No MBA MARKETING PROJECT REPORT ON MARKETING STRATERGY 37 37. SAAB MARFIN MBA 6. What is the reason for your answer to question no. 5 ? a)Healthier Menu b)Actions to protect the Environment c)Considering Social Issues of the Community d)Better Advertisement 7. How often do you enjoy the catering service in McDonalds? a)Never b)Once or twice a week c)3 -4 times a week d)5 times or more than 5 times a week For the following questions give nos. from 1 to 5. 1-poor 2-ok 3-average 4-good 5-excellent8. How do you evaluate McDonalds service in general? MBA MARKETING PROJECT REPORT ON MARKETING STRATERGY 38 38. SAAB MARFIN MBA9. Do you like the smell inside McDonalds?10. Do you enjoy the music inside McDonalds?11. Do you enjoy the decoration of McDonalds branches in general? MBA MARKETING PROJECT REPORT ON MARKETING STRATERGY 39 39. SAAB MARFIN MBA12. Do you like the design of facilities inside
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McDonalds? For example,chairs, tables.13. Do you find you spend more time in CCDs or Pizza Hut than in generalMcDonalds?14. Do you think the hygienic environment of McDonald is acceptable?15. Do you think the food of McDonalds is delicious? MBA MARKETING PROJECT REPORT ON MARKETING STRATERGY 40 40. SAAB MARFIN MBA16. Do you consider the food of McDonalds as healthy food?17. Do you think McDonalds provide a variety of food?18. Do you think the size of McDonalds food is acceptable?19. Do you think McDonalds provide a sufficient variety of food tovegetarians? MBA MARKETING PROJECT REPORT ON MARKETING STRATERGY 41 41. SAAB MARFIN MBA20. Do you think the general price level of McDonalds service is acceptable?21. Do you think the price reflects the quality of food?22. Do you think the speed of food preparation is efficient?23. Do you think the logo of McDonalds is sharp enough for you torecognize the location of the branch? MBA MARKETING PROJECT REPORT ON MARKETING STRATERGY 42 42. SAAB MARFIN MBA24. Have you heard about McDonalds FUN CLUB?25. Will you try the new product within 1 week after the latestadvertisement released?26. Do you collect Happy Meals toys? MBA MARKETING PROJECT REPORT ON MARKETING STRATERGY 43 43. SAAB MARFIN MBARecommendations:Product & Market StrategyTo become a more desirable employer McDonalds should aim to provide better workingconditions, allow the existence of unions, and increase the number of training schemes. Also,McDonalds workforce has a high share of teenagers,
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although there is no requirement foremployees to be of this age. McDonalds benefits from this by paying only the minimum wagebut this could be seen as exploitation. However, it is a good way of keeping labour costs down.There are constant and ongoing social changes in the population. Examples include theincreased health-awareness of society. In the long term, major menu diversification toaccommodate more healthy foods could be regarded as necessary if they want their customersto enjoy their food with a clear conscience.The fact that McDonalds will start to sell fresh fruit with the established Happy Meal is a firststep towards a menu more suitable to the changed environment.Ethical StanceThe latest issue that McDonalds has faced is its US Chicken supplier importing illegal workers.McDonalds should have learnt from their mistake in China, where children as young as 14 havebeen working 16 hour days for as little as $3. And even in western countries MCD prefers toemploy teenagers to benefit by paying them only the minimum wage although young age is nota requirement for this job. On the one hand McDonalds receives Government money foreducating young people, on the other it encourages the industry to design kitchen equipmentthat affords less training. McDonalds should rather concentrate to provide a valuable skill fortheir people. This shows that there is still a big gap that needs to be filled by McDonalds as faras educating suppliers, and the number of visits and checks that are made. One way ofreducing the gap between McDonalds animal welfare goal and its actual achievement is byworking with other companies in its industry (i.e. Burger King) helping to increase the humanetreatment of animals and by ensuring their suppliers take up their ethical responsibility.Eventual gaps in McDonalds ethical stance are usually covered by positive advertising. Therecent advertising campaign What comes first the
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chicken or the egg helps to illustrate this.Claiming to be the best employer their anti union policy rather suggests a limited influence foremployees to improve their working conditions. Unions are part of a modern society andMcDonalds should consider introducing unions.Environmental PoliciesIt can be argued that as an organisation, McDonalds is comprehensively environmentallyfriendly and does reach most of the stated aims and objectives. The aim in terms ofencouraging environmental values and practices needs to be addressed more clearly toemployees and managers alike as opposed to the specialised McDonalds EnvironmentalManagement System so that all employees of this organisation are aware of its environmentalduties. Applying this correctly will help the company to improve on environmental friendliness.Also, there needs to be a way of quantifying all necessary environmental data in order to ensurethat all employees are accepting an environmental responsibility. MBA MARKETING PROJECT REPORT ON MARKETING STRATERGY 44 44. SAAB MARFIN MBAFinally, McDonalds as an environmental conscious organisation also believes in asking the rightquestions, challenging themselves, their system and their partners. Having looked at theenvironmental policy of McDonalds it can be concluded that as an organisation it can be classedas socially contributive. This essentially means that McDonalds wishes to be sociallyconstructive in the community it serves to help protect the natural environment. Recycling is acore part of their policies and helps to avoid any unethical business actions.Financial PerformanceMcDonalds hopes to close these gaps by a heightened focus on restaurant level execution andmarketing. It can be argued that a reduction in significant item costs and an improvement
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inworldwide economic conditions will both also help to close the gaps. Jim Cantalupo, theChairman and Chief Executive,2003, believes that McDonalds priorities are to fix the existingbusiness, to take a more integrated and focused approach to growth, and to ensure McDonaldshas the right organisational structure and resources. He anticipates that earnings per sharegrowth will be somewhere between 10 and 15%. The key to McDonalds success will be acontinuation of their product consistency, better location choices and improved retail businessmodel execution, particularly with regard to the training of employees.Conclusion:No particular competitive strategy is guaranteed to achieve success at all times.Risk attitudes can change and vary by industry volatility and environmentaluncertainty and several internal conditions also might be involved. Thus thefour Ps of marketing (product, price, place and promotion) provide a goodstarting point for consideration of the requirements of strategy implementationin the marketing function. The mix of these marketing elements should beappropriate and the plans for each of the elements should also be appropriate.The marketing function is consumer oriented and hence marketing decisionsare based on the careful identification of consumer needs and on the design ofmarketing strategies to meet those needs. The distribution system brings theproduct or service to the place where in can best fill customer needs. Access todistribution can mean all the differences between success and failure for a newproduct. Because many products require support from distribution channels inthe form of prompt service, rapid order processing etc the choice ofdistributors, wholesalers and jobbers is extremely important.Promotion is more than advertising. The location, size and nature of marketswhich the business strategy defines will guide promotion mix decisions andshould indicate the content of promotional material as well. Pricing is
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acomplex issue because it is related to cost, volume, trade offs etc and becauseit is frequently used as a competitive weapon. Pricing policy changes are likelyto provoke competitor response. Using price to jockey for position can lead toprice wars, which usually hurt all participants. MBA MARKETING PROJECT REPORT ON MARKETING STRATERGY 45 45. SAAB MARFIN MBA APPENDIX-1 A Typical McDonalds FlowchartMBA MARKETING PROJECT REPORT ON MARKETING STRATERGY 46 46. SAAB MARFIN MBA APPENDIX-II McDONALDS Global LocationsMBA MARKETING PROJECT REPORT ON MARKETING STRATERGY 47 47. SAAB MARFIN MBA Argentina Dominican Latvia Singapore Aruba Republic Lebanon Slovakia Australia Ecuador Lithuania Slovenia Austria Egypt Malaysia South Africa Azerbaijan El Salvador Malta South Korea Bahamas Estonia Mauritius Spain Bahrain Fiji Mexico Sri Lanka Bangladesh Finland Moldova Sweden Barbados France Morocco Switzerland Belgium Georgia Syria Bermuda Germany Netherlands Taiwan Botswana Greece New Thailand Brazil Grenada Zealand Trinidad and Tobago Bulgaria Guatemala Nicaragua Turkey Canada Guyana Oman Ukraine Cayman Islands Honduras Pakistan United Arab Emirates Chile Hungary Panama United Kingdom Peoples Republic of Iceland Peru United StatesChina Italy Paraguay Guam Hong Kong India Philippines Puerto Rico Macau Indonesia Poland United States Virgin Colombia Ireland Portugal Islands Costa Rica Israel Qatar Uruguay Croatia Jamaica Romania Venezuela Cyprus Japan Russia Yemen Czech Republic Jordan Saint Denmark Kuwait Lucia Dominica Saudi Arabia Serbia APPENDIXIII MBA MARKETING PROJECT REPORT ON MARKETING STRATERGY 48
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48. SAAB MARFIN MBA Consumer Survey FormI am undergoing my Research Project and this project is beingconducted in lieu of partial fulfillment of 2nd semester for thedegree of MBA and means no business. 1. What is your Gender ? Male Female 2. Which age group are you from ? 40 15-19 20-24 2529 30-34 35-39 + 3. Is McDonalds your favourite fast food chain ? Yes No 4. What is the reason for your answer to question no. 3 ? Price Accessibility Food Advertisement Quality Atmosphere Ethical Issues 5. Do you think McDonalds Operates ethically in your Country ? Yes No 6. What is the reason for your answer to question no. 5 ? Healthier Menu Actions to protect the Environment Considering Social Issues of the Community Better Advertisement 7. How often do you enjoy the catering service in McDonalds? Never Once or twice a week 3 -4 times a week 5 times or more than 5 times a week MBA MARKETING PROJECT REPORT ON MARKETING STRATERGY 49 49. SAAB MARFIN MBA 1( Totally 5(Totally 2 3 4 Disagree) Agree) How do you evaluate McDonalds8 service in general? Do you like the smell inside 9 McDonalds? Do you enjoy the music inside10 McDonalds? Do you enjoy the decoration of11 McDonalds branches in general? Do you like the design of facilities12 inside McDonalds? For example, chairs, tables. Do you find you spend more time13 in CCDs or Pizza Hut than in general McDonalds? Do you think the hygienic14 environment of McDonald is acceptable? Do you think the food of15 McDonalds is delicious? Do you consider the food of16 McDonalds as healthy food? Do you think McDonalds provide17 a variety of food? Do you think the size of18 McDonalds food is acceptable? Do you think McDonalds provide19 a sufficient variety of food to vegetarians? Do you think the general price20 level of McDonalds service is acceptable? Do you think the price
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price20 level of McDonalds service is acceptable? Do you think the price reflects the21 quality of food? Do you think the speed of food22 preparation is efficient? Do you think the logo of McDonalds is sharp enough for23 you to recognize the location of the branch? MBA MARKETING PROJECT REPORT ON MARKETING STRATERGY 50 50. SAAB MARFIN MBA 24 Have you heard about McDonalds FUN CLUB? Yes No 25 Will you try the new product within 1 week after the latest advertisement released? Yes No 26 Do you collect Happy Meals toys? Yes NoThank you for your kind cooperation, valuable inputs and time. A Survey done by: Sreejit Kaimal M.B.A.(2nd Sem.) GSIMR,Indore(M.P)BIBLIOGRAPHY:http://www.mcdonalds.comhttp://www.mcdonalds.com/investorhttp://www.mcdonaldsindia.comhttp://www.corpwatch.orgMcDonalds application of marketing mix. Retrieved on January 20,2005,
fromhttp://www.bized.ac.uk/compfact/mcdonalds/mc25.htm.http://www.kaizencoaching.com.au/articles/basics_marketing_PLC.htm.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McDonald strategies-of-McDonalds MBA MARKETING PROJECT REPORT ON MARKETING STRATERGY 51 51. SAAB MARFIN MBAMBA MARKETING PROJECT REPORT ON MARKETING STRATERGY 52
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