ME 5000 A-13/14 APPLIED ANALYTICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING

Instructor M!D"#$nt%$r& E'AM ( 3 Referring to Handout on Systems with distributed parameters: 1. Consider a thin beam of length L with clamped end at z = 0. The other end is resting on a suspension spring of stiffness K and is loaded by axial force of magnitude P with two versions of its direction as described in text. Thus the beam is governed by the !" #$% (with q = 0) and three &Cs #1'% whereas the fourth &C is either #1$a% or #1$b%. resent analysis of static stability for both cases( as based on the )!" #*%( in the form of graphs of (kL)* + critical value of kL + as functions of nondimensional spring stiffness = KL3 /EI. Here star subscript for the parameter kL indicates its lowest eigenvalue which corresponds to the critical value Pcr for static instability. ,s described in text( the graph for the conservative case #a% should exist for the whole range of stiffnesses K between -ero and infinity whereas in the nonconservative case #b% solution for (kL)* does exist indeed only provided that exceeds a certain value * which also should be found. .urthermore( both curves should approach the same limit with K although with different convergence rates. Hint: upon imposing &Cs on the general solution #/% you will obtain an e0uation of the form f() = 0 where = kL and you will need its smallest non-ero root * = (kL)* 1n the case #a% the non-ero roots always do exist. 1n the case #b% there are two non-ero roots if > 2 and no non-ero roots if < 2 . Thus( 2 may be found from condition df/d = 0 to supplement the basic e0uation f() = 0 50 )o"nts 3. Consider hinged+hinged beam under compressive axial force P for which static stability analysis as presented after the "0. #/% resulted in the well+4nown "uler formula Pcr = 3 EI L3 . !erive this formula using the d!"a#ic stability analysis similar to one presented for the cantilever beam under follower force 5 use solution #16% to the !" #17% and impose relevant &Cs. &e sure that in case of static instability fre0uency of oscillations at the neutral stability boundary should be -ero8 specifically( the solution for the first eigenvalue should give formula for the ( 1 P Pcr ) where 1' is first natural fre0uency first natural fre0uency as 1 = 1' in the absence of the axial force. *0 )o"nts 9. Referring to Handout on :;onlinear Torsional !ivergence< #see also "xample 1a from Handout on Systems with distributed parameters%. *0 )o"nts

Consider non+"n$,r )!" and &Cs #7% for the case of small nonlinearity at relatively small angles #and k = $% so that up to fourth+power terms 9 tanh 3 9 f ( ) = 3 3 9 9 1 3 3 7 9 9 3 3 cosh 1+ 3 3

)(

Thus( apply =aler4in method #imposing -ero value of weighted residual% to solve
3 9 the approximate )!" >>+ 7 9 = ' using the following approximation

for solution which satisfies the &Cs #7%

( ! ) = 2 ! ( 1 ! ) so that %&' = ( 1 3 ) = 2 7
The resulting algebraic e0uation for 2 has only -ero solution if 3 < 13 = 1' #see "xample 1a%. .or the postcritical case 3 > 13 the solution for maximal twist angle which you should obtain is
3 3 %&' = 2 7 = ?9 ?7 1 ( 2 ) = './/3 1 ( 2 ) and thus is very close to

the exact result #see "0. #13%% as long as the difference 3 13 is small. )n the other hand( the =aler4in result for the derivative > ( ' ) = 2 = 9./?*? 1 ( 2 ) 3 is not so good 5 see "0. #1'b% where the numerical factor is e0ual to @.

E'AM ( 4
1. Consider the same undamped beam of length L as in the "xam A 9 5 with the end z = 0 clamped and end z = L supported by a spring of stiffness K8 the axial force now is absent. Thus( consider !" #$% with P = 0( q = 0( ) = 0 and &CBs

w ( ' ) = '( w > ( ' ) = '( w >> ( L ) = ' and EIw >>> ( L ) = Kw ( L )

!erive general characteristic e0uation for natural fre0uencies and calculate the first two eigenvalues( that is values of the nondimensional fre0uency parameter L = L #3 EI 40 )o"nts 3. Referring to Handout :Systems with distributed parameters<( Sub+ section :Travelling+wave approach<. Consider firing stand test of a slender roc4et or its simulating sha4er+test. , given time+variant axial force is applied to a free end of an elastic bar
3

17

vs. nondimensional spring stiffness = KL9 EI .

#model of the roc4et% whereas the other end is completely free. Thus the e0uation of motion # !"% is the same as the "0. #9'% as well as the first &C #93% of the cantilever shear beam 5 with *(z( t) being now axial displacement. The &C at the forced end is now different: applied force P(t) is now given8 at first let P(t) = P0 e+,(i-t). Thus now the &Cs are #with , being cross+section area of the bar%
* * ( '( t ) = ' and E ( 1 + i ) & ( L( t ) = P ( t ) 8 case #a%:P ( t ) = P' exp ( it ) z z

#9?%

. a% !erive approximate travelling+waves solution to the !" #9'% for the &Cs #9?% similar to one in the final expression #96% of the Handout b% Cet now P(t) be a stationary random process with a given S! .PP(-) !erive expression for acceleratio" response S! at a given distance z from the excited end. *0 )o"nts Comment to roblems 1 for both "xams A 9 and A 7: 1n calculating solutions for the re0uested curves you can 5 but it is not necessary! + use any software for automated scanning of parameter 8 you also can scan manually( in which case please calculate the re0uested 0uantities for not less than ten intermediate values of the above parameter plus for two extreme values K = 0 #free end z = L% and infinite K #hinged end z = L%. ,ll results 5 for both "xams + are to be submitted by )ctober 1$th 3'19 #the last day of this course%.