Students Magazine (COSIS, Minhaj University) - Jan 2014

MUL College of Shariah and Islamic Sciences
Minhaj University Lahore

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Creation of man from "Nutfah"
Hasnain Ali (B.S. V Arabic)
What is Nutfah?
Lisan al-Arab actually def ines "nutf ah" as "the little water remaining in a bucket".
and st ates v ery specif ically that that Semen was c all ed "nutf ah" by the Arab
because of it's small amount. In other words, Semen was called "nutf ah" because
semen is a small amount of liquid.
Consi sts of neutral par tic les ( atoms, molecul es, f ree radic als ), of pos iti v e or
negativ e ions (particles respectiv ely hav ing lost or hav ing coll ected electrons) and
will d'lectrons. There also exists in a plasma of the "excited" atoms or molecules
known as (the elect rons are not torn of f , but are not carr ied in st ates of high
energy potential while remaining related to the core) which can be de-energized
by emitting light. That makes it possible this gas to be transmi tting of v isible or
inv isible light (x-ray s, ultrav iolet ray [ UV ], inf ra-red [ IR ], etc). All in all, this gas is
electrically neutral,because of their long ray of interaction (Coulomb f orce), the
ions and electrons strongly interact between them and with the other species of
ionized gas. The presenc e of par ti cl es char ged i n gas conf er s on this one
coll ect iv e owners hips. I n parti cul ar, when plasma pres ents a l oc al excess of
positiv e or negativ e loads, these last generate a local electric f ield. To cancel this
imbalanc e of load, t he f iel d causes a f ast displacement of the elect rons , v ery
mobi le compar ed t o the ions, bec aus e they are lighter. The r esponse of t he
particles charged to reduce the local electric f ield is called the crantage of Deby e
and operates at a distance called length of Deby e. It depends on the av erage
ener gy of the elec trons and their dens ity . This response t o the local el ect ric
disturbance takes the f orm of an oscillation whose f requency is called f requency
plasma. Thus, the electrons mov e a length of Deby e during an oscillation plasma.
This phenomenon can be observ ed in a metal, where the quasi f ree electrons and
the motionless ions f orm a pl asma, the col lec tiv e osc ill ati on of t he el ect rons
bearing the name of plasmon.
Explanation in the light of Quran and Sunnah:
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"Be cursed man! How ungrateful he is! From
what thing did He create him? From Nutfah He
created him and then set him in due proportion."
(Surat ' Abasa:17-19)
Thes e three v ers es come at the end of the f i rs t half of Surat Abas a ( He
Frowned) , whi ch i s a Makkan Surah. The Sur ah is f ort y -t wo v erses af ter the
inv ocation of the Bismilah and was so named because the Prophet (SAWS) had
turned away f rom a companion who was blind. Abdullah AmrIbn-Kais, known as
Ibnum-Maktoum (RA), had come to ask about a religious matter while the Prophet
(SAWS) was busy calling a group of Quray shi leaders to Islam. He persisted in
asking his question so much that the Prophet (SAWS), who is the most patient
man, f rowned. The noble companion did not see the f rowning, y et Allah (SWT)
rev eal ed this magnani mous Surah repr oaching t he c heri shed Seal of t he
Prophets f or his f rown.
This was to stress a supreme Islamic v alue that Allah wants humans to f ollow,
which is that f av oring people should be based on their piety to Allah. Their f ear of
His greatness, observ ing His commands and prohibitions and their certainty of
meeting Him, thus awaiting His judgment is the true measure. Their ancestry ,
origin, glory , power, race, color or any other perished norms of this world are
f alse, as Allah (SWT) say s in what can be translated as: "
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Verily, the most honorable of you with Allah is that (believer)
who has At -Taqw. Ve ri ly, Al lah i s Al l- Knowing, All -Aware ."
(Surat Al-Hujurt:13).

Signs of Creation in Surat Abasa
1. Af f ir ming t hat humans ar e c reat ed f r om a nutf ah t hat c arr i es al l t he
characteristics and all what is predestined f or them.
2.Pointing out that the womb incubation period ends as soon as the f etus is born
and stresses the f acilitation of the baby 's passage f rom the mother's abdomen to
the surrounding lif e.
2
3.Ass er ti ng the i nev i tabil it y of death and of being put in a grav e, and t he
inev itability of resurrection, judgment and punishment.
4. Poi nt ing out that many peopl e liv e wi thout knowi ng t he pur pose of t heir
existence nor accomplishing any of their duties, so they die with no good deeds,
ov erburdened with sins. For this reason Allah (SWT) say s what can be translated
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(Sur at' Abasa:23).
5.Drawing attention to the miracle of supply ing f ood f or all liv ing beings, f irst and
f oremost mankind and his liv estock.
6.Relating the water cy cle around the earth by describing the way it is sent down
f rom the heav en.
7.Describing the way the earth cracks by rain or when it is watered f or planting or
when plants grow out of it.
8. Highl ight ing the c reat ion of v arious k inds of plant s, stat ing their maj or kinds
which constitute main nutrition f or man and his liv estock, such as cereals, grapes,
beans, v egetables and animals' wet f odder such as clov er (kadb), in addition to
oliv es, date-palms, interlaced-tree gardens, f ruit trees, grass and herbage (abb).
9.Likening the rev iv al of bodies af ter disintegration and turning into earth, to the
rev iv al of plants out of dead earth af ter sending water down to it, and describing
how people will be horrif ied on the Day of Judgment as one will escape f rom his
closest kin.
Each point of these needs special treatment. For this reason, I will conf ine my
article here to the f irst point of the prev ious list, namely , man's creation f rom a
sperm and ov um, predestined by Allah (SWT) through His knowledge, wisdom
and power as He say s in the v erses17 - 19 of Surat 'Abasa. Bef ore going into this
point , we s houl d r ev i ew the int er pr etat ions prov ided by many pas t and
contemporary scholars in explaining the implications of these blessed v erses.
The scholars' interpretation of the verses:
Ac cording t o I bn-Kat hi r, All ah (SWT) dis pr ai ses the one who deni es the
resurrection of mankind; "Be cursed man!" Ibn Abbas said man is cursed, f or his
consistent ly ing and accusations of ly ing to others, "How ungrat ef ul he is ", or how
great his disbeliev ing. Besides, in IbnJareer's v iew, the meaning is may be what
made him a disbeliev er, or what makes him disbeliev e in resurrec tion? Katada
thinks that, "How ungratef ul he is "means how cursed he is; then Allah explains
how He created him of a worthless thing, and how He is able to return him to his
beginning where He say s what can be translated as, "from what thing did He
3
cr eat e hi m? From Nut f ah He created him and then set him i n due
proportion." (Surat 'Abasa:18-19). This means that He predestined his death,
liv ing, deeds, and whether he will be miserable or happy .
In the interpretation of Al-Jalalein (May Allah hav e mercy upon its two writers),
we read: "Be cursed man!" "How ungratef ul he is" a blaming question, meaning
what makes hi m a dis bel iev er? "Fr om what thi ng did He cr eate him?" a
determinativ e question which He explains it say ing, " From Nutfah He created
him and then set him in due proportion." a clot, then an embry o, until the end
of his creation. The same ideas came in the other av ailable interpretations, so
there is no need to repeat them.

The scientific implications of the Noble verses:

Man was created of Nutf ahAmshaj. Nutf ah in the Arabic language means a little
wat er that ranges f rom one drop t o a f ew dr ops. I t is said: man nataf a and
y antuf natf an and natf atan, the meaning of which is water dripped f rom him af ter
his ablution or wash. It is also said: The bucket nataf at, meaning water dripped
drop by drop. Nutf ah is also a little pure water as much as the little water that
remains in the bucket. It is also known as nutaf a, its plural is nutaf which means
als o buck et. I t i s said also a natoof night, whi ch means r ai ny ; r ai ned unt il
mor ning.
Small pear ls ar e c al led nutaf t o l ik en them to wat er dr ops. Nutaf i s used
metaphorically to express generosity and good deeds. It is said: so and so is
bountif ul muntef i.e. he alway s does f av ors and y antuf u with good deeds means
that he does them continuously . Qur'an used the word nutf a to express in the
f ollowing:
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"He has created man f rom Nutf ah, then behold, this same (man) becomes an
open opponent." (Surat An-Nahl:4).
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"His companion said to him during the talk with him: "Do you di sbelieve in
Him Who created you out of dust (i.e. your father Adam), then out of Nutfah,
4
then fashioned you into a man?" (Surat Al-Kahf:37).

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"O mankind! If you are in doubt about the Resurrection, then verily We have
created you from dust, then from a Nutfah, then from a clot then from a little
lump of flesh - some formed and some unformed" (Surat Al-Hajj:5).
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"And indeed We created man out of an extract of clay.12. Thereafter We
made him as a Nutfah in a safe lodging . Then We made the Nutfahinto a
clot, then We made the clot into a little lump of flesh, then We made out of
that little lump of flesh bones, then We clothed the bones with flesh, and
then We brought it forth as another creation. So Blessed is Allh, the Best of
creators." (Surat Al-Mu'minn:12-14).
5.In the second verses of Surat Al-Insan, the Qur'an calls the union of ovum
and sperm
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indicating the completion of the f ertilization process. This phrase of ref erence,
occurringalso in Surat An-Najm (The Star) (ay ahs 45-46), is considered the f irst
accurate scientif ic expression related to the creation of an embry o through the
uni on of the ov um and the sperm. This f ac t was not achiev ed by acquir ed
science until the end of the 12th century of the Hijra, i.e. the 18th century A.D
(1186 A.H / 1775 A.D).
In f act, since the time of Aristotle (384 - 322 B.C) until the end of the 18th century
A.D, a belief prev ailed all ov er Europe that the human embry o was created out of
man's ejaculate only and that the woman's womb was just an incubator f or it, or
that it was created only f rom the blood of the menstrual cy cle, and that man's
5
ejaculate was just a co-agent f or it.
When the mi cr os cope was manuf ac tured in t he 17t h cent ur y , i n 1677 AD
(Hook&Hamm), the sperm was discov ered. Then it was believ ed that the f etus is
created complete i n a mini scule s ize at t he s per m's head, and s imply grows
throughout pregnanc y ( Hart soek er, 1694). Al though the Graaf ian f oll icle was
discov ered at the end of the 17th century A.D. (by Regnier de Graaf , 1672), the
ov um was discov ered late in the 19th century A.D. It was not determined that the
ov um and the sperm are cells until 1859 A.D. At the end of the 19th century A.D.
the f erti lization of the ov um by the s per m was obser v ed ( Hert wig, 1875, Van
Beneden, 1883) . Thi s f act had been det ermined by Al lah's Prophet (SAWS)
twelv e centuries earlier.
A J ewis h man pas sed by the Pr ophet ( SAWS) while he was tal ki ng t o his
companions and Quraish said, 'O y ou Jew, this man alleges he is a Prophet.' The
Jew said, 'I will ask him about a thing nobody knows unless he i s a Prophet. O
Mohammad! Of what is man created?' The Prophet (SAWS) said, 'O Jewish man,
he is created of all, of a man's nutf a and of a woman's nutf a.' (Narrated by Imam
Ahmad in his Masnad).
Determination inside the nutfa
Allah (SWT) shapes the destiny of things in two way s: First, He sets them in a
special estimate and f eature according to His wisdom in a way that they appear
only as He has set them. Second, He giv es them the ability to do what He has
predestined f or them. Allah (SWT) say s what can be translated as,
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Al- Qamar :49) .
There is also the verses we are explaining,
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"From NutfahHe created him and then set him in due proportion." (Surat
'Abasa:19).
This means that Allah created man by His knowledge, wisdom and power; and
f rom this come all the dominant characteristics which will appear on the f etus, and
the recessiv e characteristics he will pass on to his subsequent generations, as
well as the determination of sex (either male or f emale). Through the union of the
sper m ( whi ch carr i es 23 c hr omos omes) and t he ov um (whi ch car ri es 23
6
chromos omes), the nutf aamshaj i s c omposed, and becomes made up of 46
chromosomes, arr anged in 23 pair s. Twenty -t wo of t hem car ry the body
characteristics, and one pair carries the sexual characteristics which are (x + x) f or
f emales and (x + y ) f or males.
Ibn-Masoud (RA) narrated that the Prophet (SAWS) said, "if a nutf a [amshaj]
settles down in the womb, the angel of wombs puts it in his hand's palm and say s
'O Allah! Will it be created or not?' If Allah say s it will not be created then it will
not be a human being, and the womb will emit it as blood, but if Allah say s it will
be created, the angel say s, 'O Allah! Will it be a male or a f emale? Happy or
unhappy ? How many y ears will it liv e? What will it leav e behind? How will its
liv ing be? Where will it die?"
HuzaifaIbn-Osaid (RA) narrated that the Prophet (SAWS) said, "Af ter f orty two
nights, Allah sends an angel to the nutf a to shape it, to create its hearing, seeing,
bones, f les h and s kin, then the angel say s, 'O Allah! Wil l it be a male or a
f emale?' Allah destines what He wants and the angel writes this destiny ." (Sahih
Muslim - Book of Al-Qadar).
Fourteen centuries after the Prophet's sayings, studies of embry ology hav e
conf irmed that human f eatur es do not appear on t he embry o's f ace unti l the
f orty -second day of its age. The major stages that giv e the leech-like object its
f irst human f eatures become complete between the f ortieth and the f orty -f if th day
of the embry o's age when the organs are dev eloped, and the skeleton spreads in
an obv ious way , with continuous growth through cell div ision, and the distinction
of organs and sy stems.
These nitrogenous bases are only f our, but by their dif f erent combinations the
DNA c odons f or all human bei ngs are wr itt en to giv e each per son his unique
hereditary print with his seen and unseen characteristics.
Nucleotides are the letters in which DNA codon is written. These are considered
the words in which the gene sy stems are written, and these genes , the hereditary
unit of f unction, are sometimes called cistrons.
Here, Allah's unrestrained power becomes clear, when we v iew the magnif icence
of Hi s deter mi nation f or the c haracteri sti cs of each f etus in t he moment of
meeting between the two gamete cells i.e. the sperm and the ov um. They come
together to constitute the nutf aamshaj, so that the number of chromosomes will
be complete and the embry o will be created. All the dominant and recessiv e
inherited characteristics f rom the f ather and mother's lines unite in a wonderf ul
integration, and perhaps this is what is ref erred to when Allah saidwhat can be
translated as,
o -
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7
"From NutfahHe created him and then set him in due proportion." (Surat
'Abasa: 19).
These f acts were ascertained only in the 20th, whereas the Glorious Qur'an and
the Pr ophet' s (SAWS) Hadit h st at ed t hem much earl ier. This i s absolute
ev idence that the great Qur'an carries the words of Allah (SWT), the Creator who
rev ealed it with His knowledge to the Seal of His Prophets and Messengers, and
pres erv ed it as He promised. It was pres erv ed in the same language of His
rev elation (Arabic) throughout the last 14 centuries and shall stay so until Allah
(SWT) inherits the earth and all that is liv ing on it. So praise be to Allah f or the
blessing of Islam, praise be to Allah f or the blessing of Qur'an, praise alway s be to
Allah, and pray ers and blessings be upon our Prophet Mohammad (SAWS), his
kin and companions and all who f ollow his right way and call with his inv ocation
until the day of judgment.
8
MUL
MUL College of Shariah and Islamic Sciences
Minhaj University Lahore
MUL

Students Magazine (COSIS, Minhaj University) - Jan 2014

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MUL College of Shariah and Islamic Sciences

Minhaj University Lahore

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