Transmission Distribution Substation

Transmission and Distribution Substations
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ABB ABBTransformation TransformationTraining Training::Module Module--II
Transmission Transmission& &Distribution Distribution Substation Substation
ABB Transformation Training : Module - I 1
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What is Substation ? Substation is an Electrical installation where power is controlled for transmission & distribution purpose. Substations can be categorized as: Power evacuation substation Substation part of Transmission system Substation part of Distribution system
Transmission and Distribution Substations The Electric Utility
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Power Evacuation Substation Transmission Substation Switching Substation Distribution Substation
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Power Evacuation Substation

Located adjacent to the Power Plant Preferred voltage level

420 kV 245 kV 123,145 kV 72.5, 66 kV
Evacuation voltage level depends on

Quantum of power to be evacuated (size of power plant) Distance of Transmission Gird network voltage of surrounding transmission system
Normally built by
Utilities (e.g. NTPC, NHPC, Captive Power Plant by industries) Independent Power Producer (IPP)
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Transmission Substation

Location is decided based on Transmission Grid Network Preferred voltage level

420kV 245kV 145kV
Transmission voltage depends on

Quantum of power to be received / transmitted Length of transmission line
Normally built by
Utilities (e.g. Power Grid, State Electricity Boards)
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Distribution Substation

Location is near the load Preferred voltage level

245kV 145kV 72.5/36 kV
Station voltage level depends on

Demand of power Utility norms of distribution
Normally built by
Utilities (e.g. State Electricity Broads) Industries Typical SLD
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TYPICAL SUBSTATION SECTION LAYOUT
Disconnector Circuit Breaker Current Transformer
Capacitive Voltage Transformer Surge Arrester Transformer Bus Post Insulator
String Insulator & Hardware AL Tube Busbar Earth Wire
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What is Busbar Configuration ?

Busbar configuration or Bus switching scheme is the circuit adopted for substation based on following:
System reliability Operational flexibility Ease of maintenance Limitation of fault level Simplicity of Protection system Ease of extension Availability of Land Cost
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Various Busbar Configuration

Single Bus Scheme

With Sectionaliser
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Single Bus Scheme

With Sectionaliser
Without Sectionaliser
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Single Bus Scheme Application
Industrial stations with voltage level generally up to 145kV Also used for 245kV station with 2/3 bays
Features
Simple system
Ease of Operation & maintenance Single level bus layout
Very simple Control & Protection philosophy Large saving in space No redundancy
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Busbar Configuration contd...

Double Bus Scheme
Double Bus with two Main & without Transfer
Double Bus with one Main & one Transfer
Double Bus with one Main & one Main cum Transfer

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Double Bus Scheme

Double Bus with one Main & one Transfer
Bus Coupler Bay
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Double Bus Scheme Application
Normally this is used for most industrial stations and some time small power evacuation system
Features
Simpler system Better availability as additional bus is provided Breaker can be taken out for maintenance where transfer bus feature is provided
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Three Bus Scheme

Transfer Main-2 Main-1
Three Bus with Main I & II and separate Transfer Bus

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Three Bus Scheme

Transfer Main-2 Main-1
Three Bus with Main I & II and separate Transfer Bus
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Three Bus Scheme Application
Power evacuation station Interconnecting substation for transmission lines Heavy Industrial stations viz. Steel, Aluminium, Petro-chemicals
Features
Independent two buses sharing the feeder Better load management Better reliability One transfer bay is in-built for redundancy of one bay Complex Control & Protection system
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One & half breaker scheme
Main-1 Main-2

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Main-1 Main-2
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One & half breaker scheme Application
Mostly this configuration is adopted where high reliability is required Power evacuation station for big power plant Interconnecting transmission substations with 420/245kV level
Features
Very high reliability Costly because of increase no. of Circuit Breaker Complex Control & Protection philosophy
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Busbar configuration adopted by..

Power evacuation Substations

Double bus scheme Three bus scheme
Two Main & one Transfer

Transmission Substations
Double bus scheme Three bus scheme
Two Main & one Transfer One Main & Main cum Transfer
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Busbar configuration adopted by..

Distribution Substations
Single Bus with / without sectionaliser Double bus scheme Three bus scheme
Two Main & one Transfer One Main & Main cum Transfer
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What does a substation contains.. Substation

Main Equipment Engineered items Auxiliary Equipment Auxiliary System
Civil
Structure
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Main Equipment

Circuit Breaker Instrument Transformer (CT/CVT) Surge Arrester Isolator Transformer & Reactor Bus Support Insulator Line Traps Control & Protection system Power Line Carrier Communication system
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Civil
Structure
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Engineered items
Busbar Materials
Strung bus conductor (ACSR) Rigid bus conductor (AL Tube) Clamps & Connectors String Insulator & Hardware
Earthing Materials
Main earthing materials (Rod or Flat) Earth Pits
Cables & accessories

LT Power & Control cable HT Power Cable Cable terminations, gland, lugs, ties, marker etc. Cable supporting materials
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Civil
Structure
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Auxiliary Equipment

LTAC Switchgear panel AC Distribution board Battery & Battery Charger DC Distribution board Auxiliary LT transformer Lighting Transformer Main Lighting Distribution board Emergency Lighting Distribution board Diesel Generator UPS
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Civil
Structure
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Auxiliary System
Illumination system
Indoor (Control Room Building, DG, FFPH Building.) Outdoor switchyard

Fire fighting and fire detection system Air conditioning and ventilation system
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Civil
Structure
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Substation Structures

Main Column and Beam structures Equipment supporting structures
Substation Civil

Foundation for gantry column & equipment Foundation for Transformer / Reactor Control room building / DG, FFPH building Outdoor switchyard cable trench Surface drainage Roads Fencing and gate
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A typical substation content wise cost structure.

A B C D E F G H
6% 16%
13%
4% 27
5% 7% 22% A > Transformer / Reactor----------------------------------------- 27% B > EHV Circuit Breaker, CT, CVT, LA, Isolator, BPI------- 22% C > Control, Protection & PLCC----------------------------------- 7% D > Medium Voltage Switchgear---------------------------------- 5% E > Cables, AC/DC Aux., Lighting, Busbar etc.--------------- 16% F > Structures---------------------------------------------------------- 6% G > Civil------------------------------------------------------------------ 13% H > Erection------------------------------------------------------------- 4%
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What is Substation Layout ?

Substation Layout is the conception which transforms to reality through engineering, execution & commissioning. Layout Engineering . . . . is the basic document to be sent to Customer / Consultants for approval forms the basis of entire project scope forms basis for engineering estimates form input for civil & structure design basic document for statutory approval
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TYPICAL SUBSTATION PLAN LAYOUT
Incoming Line Bay Single Bus Bar Outgoing Transformer Bay
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TYPICAL SUBSTATION SECTION LAYOUT
Isolator Circuit Breaker Current Transformer Capacitor Voltage Transformer Surge Arrester
Transformer Bus Post Insulator String Insulator & Hardware AL Tube Busbar Earth Wire
Structural Column Structural Beam
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Layout Engineering

Following details form the input for layout engineering: Bay & Busbar configuration Bay width & depth, Height of busbar, Distance to fence, Building and total dimensions. Statutory clearances (Phase to Phase, Phase to Earth, Sectional clearance) Lightning Mast, Gantries (Column & Beam), String Insulators, Busbar, Equipment etc. Position of various drive box, junction box, Marshalling box.
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Layout Engineering

Bay Width it depends on... Phase to Phase & Phase to Earth clearances Sectional Clearances Tower width Swing of conductor Bird clearances Cable trench routing Maintainability of equipment Tandem Isolator arrangement Equipment Distances it depends on... Phase to Phase & Phase to Earth clearances Sectional Clearances Position of switch cubicle, junction box, drive box etc. Maintainability of equipment
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Layout Engineering
Standard bay width & clearances
System Voltage Phase to Phase Phase to Earth Distance Distance kV 66 132 132 (Standard) 220 (standard) 220 (Industry) 220 (IPP) 400 mm 2000 2700 3000 4500 4500 5000 7000 mm 2000 2500 3000 4000 4500 4000 6500 Bay width mm 8000 9400 12000 17000 18000 18000 27000
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DESIGN & ENGINEERING TOOLS

AUTO AUTO SWITCHYARD SWITCHYARD FOR FORCALULATIONS CALULATIONS Auto AutoCAD CAD2000 2000 FOR DRAWING FOR DRAWING PREPARATION PREPARATION
CHECKLIST, CHECKLIST, STANDARD STANDARD DRAWINGS DRAWINGS
PROCESS PROCESS
MS MSOFFICE OFFICEFOR FOR ALL OTHER ALL OTHER WORK WORK
EXECUTED EXECUTEDPROJ. PROJ. DOCUMENT DOCUMENT LIBRARY LIBRARYDATABASE DATABASE
SOFTWARE SOFTWAREUSED USEDBY BY CIVIL, CIVIL,STRUCTURE, STRUCTURE, ILLUMINATION ILLUMINATION CONSULTANTS CONSULTANTS
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DESIGN ENGINEERING TOOLS

STANDARD SOFTWARE
AutoCAD 2000 STAAD-III ETAP MS OFFICE 97
CUSTOMISED SOFTWARE
AUTO SWITCHYARD: FOR ENGINEERING CALCULATION SAG-TENSION CALCULATION CABLE SIZING SOFTWARE FOR CABLE ENGINEERING RELAY SETTING
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ELECTRO -DYNAMIC ELECTRO-DYNAMIC FORCE FORCECALCULATION CALCULATION EARTHMAT EARTHMATDESIGN DESIGN CALCULATION CALCULATION
BUS BUSBAR BARDESIGN DESIGN CALCULATION CALCULATION
AUTOSWITCHYARD AUTOSWITCHYARDFOR FOR ENGINEERING ENGINEERING CALCULATION CALCULATION
BATTERY BATTERYSIZING SIZING CALCULATION CALCULATION
TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURERISE RISE CALCULATION CALCULATION
CT APPLICATION CT APPLICATION CT CT APPLICATION APPLICATION CHECK CHECK CHECK CHECK
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STANDARD STANDARD DRAWINGS DRAWINGS Uniform practice Reduction in cycle time
CHECK CHECK LIST LIST
Provide guide lines Eliminate errors Reduction in cycle time
TOOLS TOOLS DEVELOPED DEVELOPED INHOUSE INHOUSE
These tools are developed inhouse cable estimations(tender) Eletrodynamic force calculations Wind force calculation Equipment load data Earth riser estimation Short circuit force for slack bus
Transmission and Distribution Substations COMPETENCE - Our People

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180 man-years of experience with average of 12 years experience Number of job engineered with different
Voltage level Bus configuration Protection requirement Customer specific requirement
250 200 150 100 50 0 420KV 245KV 145KV PROJECT BAYS 15 130 38 239 53 169 72.5K 36KV V 8 26 5 9 DIST. S/S 27 139
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High Voltage Products and Substations

Innovative Solutions for Complex Problems
We are increasingly focussing on standardised , modular products, components & systems. This simplifies network design and engineering, and cuts installation time & costs
AC SYSTEMS
SUBSTATIONS MODULES
PRODUCTS
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High Voltage Products and Substations
SUBSTATIONS
Prefabricated standardised modules simplify substation design & improve performance, security& availability. They also optimize life -cycle economy by reducing installation, operation and maintenance time & costs.
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Our Business ...
Recognised leadership established globally in providing Products, Solutions & Services for the Power Transmission industry..
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Our Business ...

Successfully co-ordinate designing & building AIS & GIS sub-stations
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Our Business ...
ABB Combines both being a full scope manufacturer of components and an experienced System Integrator with over 30 years of practice in providing sub-stations on EPC basis.
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Our Positioning
A TEAM OF 100 PEOPLE TURNOVER 23 MUS$ WE COMPETE IN A FIELD OF OVER 15 COMPETITORS AND REGISTER A MARKET SHARE OF > 30%. IN THE MATRIX WE ARE SUPPORTED BY : INABB / INTAD BAU-THS ; BU-TS ; EMR- SESWG ,SWEDEN
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Business Development Strategy

MORE THAN A DECADE OLD OPERATION STEADY GROWTH & PROFITABILITY LATE NINETIES RECESSION HAS IMPACTED BUSINESS ESPECIALLY PROFITABILITY. AS ECONOMY REVIVES, BUSINESS IS ALSO GEARED UP TO SHOW RECOVERY. BUSINESS HAS MATURED IN AN TURNKEY MODE & WILL ASSUME A NATURAL SIZE OF 35 - 40 MUS$ WITH A PROFITABILITY OF 5-7.5 %. WE HAVE TO CONTINUE OUR EFFORTS IN THE OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENTS TO RETAIN OUR POSITION
Offering a solution for efficient &economical power management
FUTURE
Bundling of ABB products / Bought- outs & Offering as an engineered product
Integrating of ABB products / Bought- outs & Offering as an engineered system
PRESENT
PAST
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Business Development Strategy

OUR FUTURE GROWTH & PROFITABILITY CAN ONLY COME FROM NEW INNOVATIVE BUSINESSES- NIB APPROACH WE HAVE TO USE VALUE BASED / PERFORMANCE BASED SELLING APPROACH & APPLICATION OF APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY AS A DIFFERENTIATOR. IN OUR CONVENTIONAL BUSINESS WE HAVE TO CREATE DIFFERENTIATION THROUGH QUALITY. Offering a solution for efficient &economical power management
FUTURE Integrating of ABB products / Bought- outs & Offering as an engineered system
Bundling of ABB products / Bought- outs & Offering as an engineered product
PRESENT
PAST
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NTPC GANDHAR
One of Indias biggest Switchyard. Power Evacuation of 645MW through 10 bays of 245kV & 12 bays of 420kV
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NTPC GANDHAR
Gandhar Switchyard gets controlled from here
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IPCL Dahej Project
Repeat order from one of the India's largest Petro-Chemical Industries .
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Dabhol (Enron) Project
One of our valued IPP customer .
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Dabhol (Enron) Project
400kV Equipment Erection..
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Switchyard for Reliance Petroleum at Jamnagar
R C C structures for 245 kV switchyard powering largest green field refinery in India
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POWERGRID, Jallandhar
Another achievement Power Transmission substation of 2X315MVA through 13 bays of 245kV & 5 diameter of 420kV
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POWERGRID, Jallandhar
315MVA Transformer
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Transmission & Distribution Substation The many FIRSTS ..

n FIRST 400kv Switchyard in India - UPSEB n 220KV Switchyard for Indias FIRST IPP - GVK Rajamundary n Indias biggest ever Power Distribution project for Durgapur Integrated Steel Plant n 400kV Switchyard for ENRONS FIRST power plant in India. n APSEB and MSEBS FIRST 220KV Substation turnkey order n placed on us. n Turnkey substation for Indias FIRST Barge mounted Power Plant n IPP - Tanir bavi
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Voltage wise summary
Air Insulated Sub-Stations (AIS) Voltage No. of Projects 420 kV 245 kV 145 kV 72.5 kV 36 kV 15 37 65 10 11 21
No. of Bays 130 280 324 36 183 262 [Load Center]
Plant Distribution
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Market segmentwise summary

Air insulated Sub-Stations (AIS)
Power Transmission Industry # Steel # Cement # Oil & Gas, Petrochemical # Chemical & Fertilizers # Minerals # Others Research & Development Exports Total:
No. of Projects
43
23 10 7 10 5 22 5 6 -----131 ===
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Our Competitive edge .. Primary Technology

Air Insulated Switchgear
AIS AIS
Gas Insulated Switchgear
GIS GIS
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Our Competitive edge .. New Innovative Products
550 kV
170 kV
I-AIS
PASS
SMART GIS
72.5 kV Compact & I-AIS

PASS
SMART GIS
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ENGINEERING PROCESS ENGINEERING TOOLS ENGINEERING COMPETENCE
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Engineering Execution Process
ORDER ACQUISITION ORDER EXECUTION
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ORDER ACQUISITION STAGE

MEET CUSTOMER TO
UNDERSTAND ACTUAL NEEDS PRACTICE FOLLOWED OPERATION PHILOSOPHY OFFER COST EFFECTIVE SOLUTION
PREPARE PREBID TECHNICAL QUERIES SITE VISITS TO GET

FIRST HAND INFORMATION OF EXISTING SITES CIVIL RELATED INFORMATION / SOIL RESISTIVITY
ENGINEERING OFFER
DRAWINGS PREPARATION TECHNICAL COMMENTS & DEVIATIONS ENGINEERING ESTIMATES EVALUATION OF VENDORS OFFER TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION & DESIGN BASIS WHERE REQUIRED
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AT PROJECT EXECUTION LEVEL

PREPARATION OF DRAWING/ DOCUMENT SCHEDULE IN LINE WITH PROJECT SCHEDULE FREEZING SYSTEM DATA, TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION & PARAMETERS (DATA SHEETS) BASIC ENGINEERING SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM LAYOUT ENGINEERING DESIGN CALCULATIONS DETAILED ENGINEERING IN-HOUSE ENGINEERING CIVIL & STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING B/O EQUIPMENT INTERFACE ENGINEERING SYSTEM CO-ORDINATION
Road Map....
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Execution Road Map
Technical TechnicalManager Manager Nominates NominatesaaDesign Design Engineer Engineer
Project ProjectManager Manager Formally hand Formally handover over Technical Documents Technical Documents to toDesign DesignEngineer Engineer
Project ProjectManager Manager Prepares PreparesDrawing Drawing Schedule Scheduleand andupdate update during the execution during the execution Project ProjectManager Manager process s for processs forOrdering Ordering Preparation Preparationof of Ordering specification Ordering specification and andData DataSheet Sheet
Design DesignEngineer Engineer Prepares Drawing Prepares DrawingList List
Design DesignEngineer Engineer Prepares System Prepares SystemData Data
L1 L1
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L3 L3
Execution Road Map

L2 L2
Civil Civil Consultants Consultants
Input Inputfor forCivil Civil& & Structural Engineering Structural Engineering Review Reviewof ofCivil Civil& & Structural drawing Structural drawing Submission Submissionto toCustomer Customer for Approved for Approved Final FinalApproved Approved Drawing Drawing
Structural Structural Consultants Consultants
Final FinalApproved Approved Drawing Distribution Drawing Distribution
Customer Customer
Site Site
TOOLS TOOLS
Released Releasedfor for Fabrication Fabrication

Released Releasedfor for Construction Construction
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Execution Road Map
L1 L1
Engineering Engineering Design DesignCalculation Calculation Preparation Preparation
Design Design Review Review
Engineering Engineering Drawings Drawings Preparation Preparation
Civil Civil& & Structural Structural Design DesignData Data
Vendor Vendor Drawing Drawing
Submission Submissionto toCustomer Customerfor forApproval/Comments Approval/Comments Design Design Verification Verification
TOOLS TOOLS
L4 L4
Revision Revisionof ofDesign DesignCalculation Calculation& & Drawing based on the comments Drawing based on the comments Submission Submissionto toCustomer Customerfor forFinal FinalApproval Approval
L3 L3 L2 L2
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Execution Road Map

L4 L4
TOOLS TOOLS
Review ReviewEquipment Equipment& & System SystemDrawing Drawingof of our Vendor our Vendor
VENDOR VENDOR
Final Final Approved Approved Drawing Drawing
Released Releasedfor for Manufacturing Manufacturing
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Execution Road Map

As -Built Copy As-Built CopyFrom From Site Site
Engineering EngineeringDrawing Drawing As -built Correction As-built Correction
Civil Civil& &Structural Structural Drawing -built DrawingAs As-built Correction Correction
Vendor VendorDrawing DrawingAs Asbuilt builtCorrection Correction
Final FinalDocumentation Documentation to toCustomer Customer
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OUR STRENGTH ...
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OUR ENGINEERING STRENGTH..
OUR PEOPLE
Transmission and Distribution Substations COMPETENCE - Our People

Experience Experience in inYears Years 400kV 400kV JD. Parmar Graduate Engineer 20 JD. Parmar Graduate Engineer 20 V. Raghu Graduate Engineer 15 V. Raghu Graduate Engineer 15 PV. Trivedi Graduate Engineer 15 PV. Trivedi Graduate Engineer 15 P. Roy Graduate Engineer 12 P. Roy Graduate Engineer 12 VS. Goswami Graduate Engineer 12 VS. Goswami Graduate Engineer 12 SK. Biswas Graduate Engineer 8 SK. Biswas Graduate Engineer 8 UK. Das Graduate Engineer 8 UK. Das Graduate Engineer 8 M. 8 M.Majumdar Majumdar Graduate GraduateEngineer Engineer 8 V. Graduate 7 V.Desai Desai GraduateEngineer Engineer 7 V. Graduate 6 V.Rawat Rawat GraduateEngineer Engineer 6 K. Graduate 6 K.Dave Dave GraduateEngineer Engineer 6 Shilpa Graduate 5 ShilpaShah Shah GraduateEngineer Engineer 5 CM. Graduate 5 CM.Sai Sai GraduateEngineer Engineer 5 D. Graduate 3 D.Chadda Chadda GraduateEngineer Engineer 3 S. Graduate 2 S.Gupta Gupta GraduateEngineer Engineer 2 Name Name Qualification Qualification
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Areas Areasof ofExposure Exposure 220kV 132-33kV 220kV 132-33kVDistribution Distribution
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Our Contribution to INTAD

TSS 8% TPS 7% TPT 1% DMS 14% DDS 6%
TCC 3%
SS 30%
AIS 31%

Transmission Distribution Substation

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Transmission Distribution Substation

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Transmission and Distribution Substations

ABB ABBTransformation TransformationTraining Training::Module Module--II

Transmission Transmission& &Distribution Distribution Substation Substation

ABB Transformation Training : Module - I 1

Transmission and Distribution Substations

ABB Transformation Training : Module - I 2

Transmission and Distribution Substations The Electric Utility

Power Evacuation Substation Transmission Substation Switching Substation Distribution Substation

ABB Transformation Training : Module - I 3

Transmission and Distribution Substations

Power Evacuation Substation

Located adjacent to the Power Plant Preferred voltage level

Evacuation voltage level depends on

ABB Transformation Training : Module - I 4

Transmission and Distribution Substations

Location is decided based on Transmission Grid Network Preferred voltage level

Transmission voltage depends on

ABB Transformation Training : Module - I 5

Transmission and Distribution Substations

Location is near the load Preferred voltage level

Station voltage level depends on

ABB Transformation Training : Module - I 6

Transmission and Distribution Substations

TYPICAL SUBSTATION SECTION LAYOUT

Disconnector Circuit Breaker Current Transformer

Capacitive Voltage Transformer Surge Arrester Transformer Bus Post Insulator

String Insulator & Hardware AL Tube Busbar Earth Wire

ABB Transformation Training : Module - I 7

Transmission and Distribution Substations

What is Busbar Configuration ?

ABB Transformation Training : Module - I 8

Transmission and Distribution Substations

Various Busbar Configuration

Single Bus Scheme

ABB Transformation Training : Module - I 9

Transmission and Distribution Substations

Various Busbar Configuration

Single Bus Scheme

ABB Transformation Training : Module - I 10

Transmission and Distribution Substations

Various Busbar Configuration

ABB Transformation Training : Module - I 11

Transmission and Distribution Substations

Busbar Configuration contd...

Double Bus Scheme

Double Bus with two Main & without Transfer

Double Bus with one Main & one Transfer

ABB Transformation Training : Module - I 12

Transmission and Distribution Substations

Double Bus Scheme

Bus Coupler Bay

ABB Transformation Training : Module - I 13

Transmission and Distribution Substations

Various Busbar Configuration

ABB Transformation Training : Module - I 14

Transmission and Distribution Substations

Busbar Configuration contd...

Three Bus Scheme

ABB Transformation Training : Module - I 15

Three Bus with Main I & II and separate Transfer Bus

Transmission and Distribution Substations

Three Bus Scheme

Three Bus with Main I & II and separate Transfer Bus

ABB Transformation Training : Module - I 16