Вы находитесь на странице: 1из 22

The Watchdog Agency: Fighting Organized Crime on the Waterfront in New York and New Jersey

Michelle J. Demeri*
I. INTRODUCTION The attention paid to dock workers started in 19 9! when Malcolm Johnson wrote a series o" articles appearin# in the New York Sun hi#hli#htin# the in"iltration o" or#ani$ed crime on the New %ork&New Jerse' (ater"ront )the (ater"ront*. 1 These dockworkers worked alon# the (ater"ront "or decades! +,t operated in the shadows o" a societ' dependant on their la+or! which incl,ded the mo-ement o" "ood! clothin#! and other essential #oods in and o,t o" the port. These lon#shoremen worked "or an honest pa'! +,t were o-ershadowed +' the crooks! thie-es! loansharks! #am+lers! and the .+osses/ that controlled it all0the mo+. Johnson1s articles were "ollowed +' the "ilm On the Waterfront! which won ei#ht 2cadem' 2wards.3 In the "ilm! Marlon 4rando pla's Terr' Mallo'! a "ormer +o5er t,rned lon#shoreman! 6 who is #i-en a .no&show/ 7o+ +' a mo+&connected ,nion +oss! Johnn' 8riendl'. D,rin# his career as a "i#hter! Mallo' threw a match so that 8riendl' co,ld win mone' +ettin# a#ainst him.9 Mallo'! who str,##les with his decision to cooperate with
1

* 2ssistant Co,nsel at the (ater"ront Commission o" New %ork :ar+or )(CN%:*. 4.2.! 3;; ! Clark Uni-ersit'< J.D. 3;;=! New >n#land ?aw @ 4oston. The a,thor wo,ld like to thank Chie" Researcher Da-id 4'rne o" the (CN%: and Apecial 2#ent Jonathan Mellone o" the United Atates Department o" ?a+or "or their research assistance. The -iews represented herein do not necessaril' represent the position o" the (ater"ront Commission or an' other a#enc' or a,thorit'. This article was prod,ced independentl' +' the a,thor and all research was cond,cted in the "ree time o" the parties mentioned. . See generally M2?CO?M JO:NAON! ON T:> (2T>R8RONTB T:> CU?ITD>R CRID> (INNINE 2RTIC?>A T:2T INACIR>D T:> C?2AAIC 8I?M 2ND TR2NA8ORM>D T:> N>( %ORF :2R4OR )3;;9*. 3 . ON T:> (2T>R8RONT )Col,m+ia Cict,res 199 *< The 27th Academy Awards (19 !! 2C2D>M% O8 MOTION CICTUR> 2RTA 2ND ACI>NC>A! OAC2RA.ORE! httpBGGwww.oscars.or#GawardsGacadem'awardsGle#ac'Gceremon'G3=th.html )last -isited 2pr. 19! 3;13*. 6 . See generally N.%. UNCONAO?. H 9I;J )McFinne' 3;;3*< N.J. AT2T. 2NN. H 63B36&J )(est 199;* )pro-idin# a de"inition o" lon#shoreman*. . ON T:> (2T>R8RONT! su"ra note >rrorB Re"erence so,rce not "o,nd. 9 . #d$

1I9

19; %&#'#NA( AN) %#*#( %ON+#N,',NT KLol. 6IBnnn a,thorities and e5pose the corr,ption on the (ater"ront! tells his +rother in a memora+le scene! .I co,lda +een a contender!/ re"errin# to his +o5in# career had he not thrown the "i#ht "or 8riendl'. J (hen Mallo' decides to stand ,p to 8riendl' and the or#ani$ed crime in"l,ence! he is +lacklisted and cannot "ind work an'where on the (ater"ront. = On the Waterfront ill,strates how a s,rpl,s o" a-aila+le la+or pro-ided mo+&connected ,nion leadership with the a+ilit' to control its mem+ership.I (ork on the (ater"ront was #,aranteed onl' "or those s,pporti-e mem+ers who a#reed to .kick +ack/ a portion o" their wa#es. 9 Ahippin# companies did not directl' hire lon#shoremen +eca,se their needs were so irre#,lar.1; Instead! the' paid ste-edore companies on a per ton +asis to load and ,nload ships.11 To accommodate the shippin# companies1 needs! the ste-edore companies de-eloped a .shape&,p s'stem/ that hired la+orers on an as&needed +asis. 13 This s'stem esta+lished re#,lar #an#s o" men that were #i-en "irst ri#hts to 7o+s at the #an#s1 re#,lar pier. 16 It s,ited the needs o" the shippin# companies! +,t le"t the doors wide open "or corr,pt hirin# +osses who o"ten incl,ded an e5tra crew o" "ictitio,s workers.1 To ens,re la+or peace! which wo,ld allow their +,sinesses to prosper! .KsMte-edorin# companies were "orced to emplo' Nno&show1 emplo'ees/19 so lon#shoremen wo,ld +e paid e-en when the' did not work
J =

. #d$ . #d$ I . #d$ 9 . T:> (2T>R8RONT COMM1N O8 N.%. :2R4OR 2NNU2? R>CORT! 1 )3;11*! a-a.la/le at httpBGGwww.wcn'h.or#GdocsG(CN%:O3;11O2nn,alOReport.pd" Khereina"ter (2T>R8RONT R>CORTM. 1; . #d. 11 . .Ate-edore/ shall also incl,de )a* contractors Knot incl,din# emplo'eesM en#a#ed "or compensation p,rs,ant to a contract or arran#ement with the United Atates! an' state or territor' thereo"! o" an' department! di-ision! +oard! commission or a,thorit' o" one or more o" the "ore#oin#! in mo-in# "rei#ht carried or consi#ned "or carria#e +etween an' point in the port o" New %ork district and a point o,tside said district on -essels o" s,ch a p,+lic a#enc' +erthed at piers! on piers at which s,ch -essels are +erthed or at other water"ront terminals. N.%. UNCONAO?. H 99;9)1*)a* )McFinne' 3;;3*! and N.J. AT2T. 2NN. H 63B36&I9 )(est 199;*. 13 . See (2T>R8RONT R>CORT! su"ra note >rrorB Re"erence so,rce not "o,nd. 16 . See .d$ 1 . #d$< see also J2M>A 4. J2CO4A! MO4AT>RA! UNIONA! 2ND 8>DAB T:> M28I2 2ND T:> 2M>RIC2N ?24OR MOL>M>NT 1;3 )3;;J*. 19 . (2T>R8RONT R>CORT! su"ra note 9< see also (illiam 8inne#an! Watch.ng the Waterfront0 'o/sters1 Terror.sts1 and )ocks of New York 2ar/or ! T:> N>( %ORF>R )J,ne 19! 3;;J* at 1;! a-a.la/le at www.wcn'h.or#GnewsGTN%Owatchin#OtheOwater"ront.pd".

3;13M T2, 3WAT%2)O45 A4,N%Y 191 at all. Other pro+lems e5isted on the (ater"ront. C,+lic loaders! who were paid to load and ,nload car#o "rom tr,cks! added an ,nnecessar' toll on the mo-ement o" #oods thro,#ho,t the port.1J ?oansharks pre'ed on lon#shoremen who co,ld not #et eno,#h ho,rs o" work to "eed their "amilies or who #am+led awa' their salaries to mo+&sanctioned +ookmakers and car#o pil"erin# was rampant in the port. 1= In the earl' 199;s! the poor workin# conditions at the ports o" New %ork and New Jerse' were doc,mented thro,#h p,+lic hearin#s p,t on +' the New %ork Atate Crime Commission and the New Jerse' ?aw >n"orcement Co,ncil./ 1I Cart II o" this 2rticle disc,sses the creation and p,rpose o" the or#ani$ation that com+ats or#ani$ed crime in"l,ence on the (ater"ront and pro-ide an o-er-iew o" or#ani$ed crime1s in"l,ence spannin# the past twent' 'ears. Cart III disc,sses the control the Ma"ia had on the (ater"ront in the 199;s and 3;;;s and -ario,s le#al cases +ro,#ht a#ainst its mem+ers. Cart IL anal'$es di""erent tools the (ater"ront Commission ,ses to com+at or#ani$ed crime. Cart L concl,des that or#ani$ed crime still e5ists on the (ater"ront and that the (ater"ront Commission is ,niP,el' P,ali"ied to eradicate it. II. T:> COMMIAAIONB CR>2TION! R>EU?2TION O8 (ORF>RA! 2ND UNION OL>RAIE:T 2. Creation and C,rpose Cresident Dwi#ht D. >isenhower appro-ed a pact +etween New %ork and New Jerse' that created the (ater"ront Commission o" New %ork :ar+or )(ater"ront Commission or (CN%:* in 2,#,st o" 1996. 19 Cart I! 2rticle I o" the (ater"ront Commission 2ct la's o,t the "ramework "or chan#e! indicatin# thatB

The states o" New %ork and New Jerse' here+' "ind and declare that the conditions ,nder which water"ront la+or is emplo'ed within the port o" New %ork district are depressin# and de#radin# to s,ch la+or! res,ltin# "rom the lack o" an' s'stematic method o" hirin#! . . . corr,pt hirin# practice and the "act that persons cond,ctin# s,ch hirin# are "reP,entl' criminals and persons notorio,sl' lackin# in moral character and inte#rit' and neither responsi-e or responsi+le to the emplo'ers nor
1J

. . . .

See (2T>R8RONT R>CORT! su"ra note >rrorB Re"erence so,rce not #d$ (2T>R8RONT R>CORT! su"ra note >rrorB Re"erence so,rce not "o,nd. #d.< see also J2CO4A! su"ra note 1 ! at 16&1 .

"o,nd.
1= 1I 19

193

%&#'#NA( AN) %#*#( %ON+#N,',NT

KLol. 6IBnnn

to the ,ncoerced will o" the ma7orit' o" the mem+ers o" the la+or or#ani$ations o" the emplo'ees< that as a res,lt water"ront la+orers s,""er "rom irre#,larit' o" emplo'ment! "ear and insec,rit'! inadeP,ate earnin#s! an ,nd,l' hi#h accident rate! s,+7ection to +orrowin# at ,s,rio,s rates o" interest! e5ploitation and e5tortion as the price o" sec,rin# emplo'ment and a loss o" respect "or the law< that not onl' does there res,lt a destr,ction o" the di#nit' o" an important se#ment o" 2merican la+or! +,t a direct enco,ra#ement o" crime which imposes a le-' o" #reatl' increased costs on "ood! ",el and other necessaries handled in and thro,#h the port o" New %ork district.3;

The pact #a-e a tremendo,s amo,nt o" responsi+ilit' to the Commission. The (ater"ront Commission has two commissioners! each appointed +' the respecti-e #o-ernor o" New %ork and New Jerse'. 31 >ach commissioner ser-es a term o" three 'ears and can onl' act +' ,nanimo,s -ote o" +oth mem+ers. 33 ?ess than one h,ndred people are emplo'ed +' the (CN%:! di-ided amon# se-en di-isionsB >5ec,ti-e! ?aw! ?icensin# and >mplo'ment In"ormation Centers! Colice! Intelli#ence! 2dministration and 2,dit! and In"ormation and Technolo#'. 36 It is ",nded +' a ma5im,m 3Q assessment on co-ered water"ront emplo'ees! paid +' emplo'ers. 3 The (CN%:1s mandate is .to in-esti#ate! deter! com+at and remed' criminal acti-it' and in"l,ence in the Cort o" New %ork and New Jerse'! and to ens,re "air hirin# and emplo'ment practices so that the port and re#ion can #row and prosper./39 The (CN%: has -ario,s #eneral powers to ",l"ill its mandate incl,din#! +,t not limited to the powerB
To administer and en"orce the pro-isions o" this compact<3J To make and en"orce s,ch r,les and re#,lations as the commission ma' deem necessar' to e""ect,ate the p,rposes o" this compact or to pre-ent the circ,m-ention or e-asion thereo" . . . .<3= KTMo . . . iss,e s,+poenas thro,#ho,t +oth states to compel the attendance o" witnesses and the #i-in# o" testimon' and the prod,ction
3;

. N.%. UNCONAO?. H 9I;3 )McFinne' 3;;3*< accord N.J. AT2T. 2NN. H 63B36&3 )(est 199;*< see also 2lan 2. 4lock! 3On the Waterfront5 &e-.s.ted0 The %r.m.nology of Waterfront Organ.6ed %r.me! J CONT>MC. CRIA>A 6=6! 6I6 )19I3*. 31 . (2T>R8RONT R>CORT! su"ra note >rrorB Re"erence so,rce not "o,nd! at 6. 33 . N.%. O88IC> O8 T:> INAC>CTOR E>N.! INL>ATIE2TION O8 T:> (2T>R8RONT COMM1N O8 N.%. :2R4OR J )3;;9*! a-a.la/le at httpBGGwww.center"orin-esti#ati-ereportin#. or#G"ilesGstatepro"ilesGnew'orkGnew'orkwater"ront.pd". 36 . (2T>R8RONT R>CORT! su"ra note 9! at 9&J. 3 . #d. 39 . #d$ at 1. 3J . N.%. UNCONAO?. ?2( H 9I1;)J* )McFinne' 3;;3*< N.J. AT2T. 2NN. H 63B36&1;)J* )(est A,pp. 3;11*

3;13M

o" other e-idence<3I

T2, 3WAT%2)O45 A4,N%Y

196

To ha-e . . . ",ll and "ree access! in#ress and e#ress to and "rom all -essels! piers and other water"ront terminals . . . "or the p,rposes o" makin# inspection or en"orcin# the pro-isions o" this compact . . . .<39 .... To make in-esti#ations! collect and compile in"ormation concernin# water"ront practices . . . .<6; To ad-ise and cons,lt with representati-es o" la+or and ind,str' and with p,+lic o""icials and a#encies . . . ,pon all matters which the commission ma' desire . . . .<61 .... To co&operate with and recei-e "rom an' department! di-ision! +,rea,! +oard! commission! or a#enc' o" either or +oth Atates . . . s,ch assistance and data as will ena+le it properl' to carr' o,t its powers and d,ties here,nder<63 KIMss,e a temporar' permit to an' prospecti-e licensee "or a license. 66

These powers ena+led the Commission to make man' positi-e chan#es on the water"ront and in the shippin# ind,str'. 4. Re#,lation o" (orkers To com+at the .depressin# and de#radin#/ conditions on the (ater"ront! the (ater"ront Commission e5pelled p,+lic loaders "rom the port and implemented a hirin# s'stem that licensed lon#shoremen and assi#ned them work! replacin# the corr,pt .shape&,p s'stem./ 6 To o+tain re#istration with the (CN%: lon#shoremen! maintenance men! and wareho,semen cannot +e a dan#er to the p,+lic1s peace and sa"et'. 69 These workers m,st o+tain a license or re#istration to work. 6J The (CN%: reP,ires an' applicant "or a license or re#istration to ",rnish "acts and e-idence to ena+le it to determine whether to #rant the license or
3= 3I

N.%. UNCONAO?. ?2( H 9I1;)=*< N.J. AT2T. 2NN. H 63B36&1;)=*. N.%. UNCONAO?. ?2( H 9I1;)I*< N.J. AT2T. 2NN. H 63B36&1;)I*. 39 N.%. UNCONAO?. ?2( H 9I1;)9*< N.J. AT2T. 2NN. H 63B36&1;)9*. 6; N.%. UNCONAO?. ?2( H 9I1;)11*< N.J. AT2T. 2NN. H 63B36&1;)11*. 61 N.%. UNCONAO?. ?2( H 9I1;)13*< N.J. AT2T. 2NN. H 63B36&1;)13*. 63 N.%. UNCONAO?. ?2( H 9I1;)1 *< N.J. AT2T. 2NN. H 63B36&1;)1 *. 66 N.%. UNCONAO?. ?2( H 9I19< N.J. AT2T. 2NN. H 63B36&19. 6 J2CO4A! su"ra note 1 ! at 1 . 69 See N.%. UNCONAO?. ?2( HH 9I61! 9I 1& )McFinne' 3;;3*< N.%. UNCONAO?. ?2( H 9913&16 )McFinne' A,pp. 3;13*. 6J . N.%. UNCONAO?. ?2( HH 9I13&1 )McFinne' 3;;1*< N.%. UNCONAO?. ?2( 9913&16 )McFinne' A,pp. 3;13*.

. . . . . . . . .

19 %&#'#NA( AN) %#*#( %ON+#N,',NT KLol. 6IBnnn re#istration.6= Cier s,perintendents! checkers!6I hirin# a#ents! port watchmen! and ste-edore companies m,st ha-e #ood character and inte#rit' in order to o+tain licenses with the (CN%:. 69 The (CN%: can s,spend or re-oke licenses and re#istations "or not meetin# these standards. ; Reasons "or the denial or re-ocation o" a license or re#istration incl,de! +,t are not limited toB committin# "ra,d! deceit! or misrepresentation in sec,rin# a license or re#istration! or in the cond,ct o" the licensed acti-it'< -iolations o" the compact< ille#al dr,# ,se or tra""ickin#< con-ictions o" a "elon'! hi#h misdemeanor! or ille#all' ,sin#! carr'in#! or possessin# a dan#ero,s weapon< makin# or possessin# +,r#lar1s instr,ments< +,'in# or recei-in# stolen propert'< ,nlaw",l entr' into a +,ildin#< or aidin# an escape "rom prison. 1 I" an applicant is con-icted o" a "elon'! hi#h misdemeanor! or an' o" the other crimes disc,ssed a+o-e! it is not an a,tomatic +ar "rom licens,re or re#istration. 3 Rather! the applicant! licensee! or re#istrant ma' s,+mit e-idence to the (ater"ront Commission that he has! "or a period o" not less than "i-e 'ears! 6 cond,cted himsel" accordin# to the applica+le standardB either #ood character and inte#rit' or that he has not +een a dan#er to p,+lic peace and sa"et'. The (ater"ront Commission will consider this e-idence and can iss,e an order remo-in# s,ch ineli#i+ilit'. 9 The (ater"ront Commission cannot den' an' application "or a license or re#istration witho,t #i-in# the applicant! licensee! or re#istrant reasona+le prior notice and an opport,nit' to +e heard. J These administrati-e hearin#s
6= 6I

. .

See H 9I16< N.J. AT2T. 2NN. H 63B36&16 )(est 199;*.

.Checker/ shall mean a lon#shoreman who is emplo'ed to en#a#e in direct and immediate checkin# o" water+orne "rei#ht or o" the c,stodial acco,ntin# thereo" or in the recordin# or ta+,lation o" the ho,rs worked at piers or other water"ront terminals +' nat,ral persons emplo'ed +' carriers o" "rei#ht +' water or ste-edores. N.%. UNCONAO?. H 99;9)9* )McFinne' 3;;3*! and N.J. AT2T. 2NN. H 63B36&I9 )(est 199;*. 69 $ See N.%. UNCONAO?. HH 9I13&1 ! 9I 1& )McFinne' 3;;3*< N.%. UNCONAO?. H 9913&16 )McFinne' A,pp. 3;13*< see also HH 63B1&69B=I. ; . N.%. UNCONAO?. HH 9I61< N.J. AT2T. 2NN. H 63B1&69B=I )(est 199;*. 1 . N.%. UNCONAO?. H 9I1I )McFinne' A,pp. 3;13*. 3 . N.%. UNCONAO?. H 9I31 )McFinne' 3;;3*. 6 . #d$ The "i-e 'ear period can +e meas,red either "rom the date o" pa'ment o" an' "ine imposed ,pon s,ch person! the s,spension o" sentence! or ,ns,per-ised release. #d$ . N.%. UNCONAO?. H 9I31 )McFinne' 3;;3*< N.J. AT2T. 2NN. H 63B36& 1;9 )(est A,pp. 3;11*. 9 . N.%. UNCONAO?. H 9I31< N.J. AT2T. 2NN. H 63B36&1;9 )(est A,pp. 3;11*. J . See N.%. UNCONAO?. HH 9I 9! 9I = )McFinne' 3;;3*< N.J. AT2T. 2NN.

3;13M T2, 3WAT%2)O45 A4,N%Y 199 are held at the Commission1s o""ices +e"ore an administrati-e law 7,d#e. = The standard o" proo" is a preponderance o" the e-idence and decisions can onl' +e o-ert,rned i" the (ater"ront Commission acted in an ar+itrar' and capricio,s manner. I In cases where a licensee or re#istrant has +een indicted "or or otherwise char#ed with a "elon' or indicta+le o""ense! the (ater"ront Commission ma' s,spend a license or re#istration pendin# the res,lts o" a hearin#. 9 Apeci"icall'! the amended laws indicate that a license or re#istration can +e denied or re-oked +ased onB
2ssociation with a person who is identi"ied +' a "ederal! state! or local law en"orcement a#enc' as a mem+er or associate o" an or#ani$ed crime #ro,p! terrorist #ro,p! or a career o""ender cartel! or who is a career o""ender ,nder circ,mstances where s,ch association creates a reasona+le +elie" that the participation o" the applicant in an' acti-it' reP,ired to +e licensed )or re#istered* ,nder this act wo,ld +e inimical to the policies o" this act.9;

2"ter Aeptem+er 11! 3;;1! the e5istin# #ro,nds "or denial or re-ocation o" licenses or re#istrations were too restricti-e on the (ater"ront Commission. There was a #rowin# need to protect the ports "rom ,nsa-or' characters! leadin# to the enactment o" this +ill. 91 Aince 3;;I! the (ater"ront Commission has iss,ed notices o" hearin#s and s,+seP,entl' char#ed applicants! licensees! and re#istrants with association! p,rs,ant to the stat,te.93 Man' ha-e withdrawn their applications rather than "ace the char#es.96 C. Union O-ersi#ht The (ater"ront Commission has limited o-ersi#ht o" the ,nion and ma'
H 63B36& J to 93 )(est 199; R A,pp. 3;11*. = . N.%. UNCONAO?. H 9I 9 )McFinne' 3;;3*< N.J. AT2T. 2NN. H 63B36& 9 )(est A,pp. 3;11*. I . CC ?,m+er Co.! Inc. -. (ater"ront Comm1n o" N.%. :ar+or! 393 N.>.3d 1! J )N.%. 19=3*. 9 . N.%. UNCONAO?. H 9I I )McFinne' 3;;3*< N.J. AT2T. 2NN. H 63B36& I )(est A,pp. 3;11*. 9; . N.%. UNCONAO?. HH 9913! 9916 )McFinne' A,pp. 3;13*< N.J. AT2T. 2NN. HH 63B36&93 to 96 )(est A,pp. 3;11*. 91 . A. 1I9! 311th ?e#. )N.J. 3;;9*. 93 . See .nfra Cart III.D.6< see Cress Release! (ater"ront Comm1n o" N.% :ar+or! NJ A,perior Co,rt Upholds (ater"ront Comm1n A,+poena o" ?on#shoreman )J,ne 1;! 3;11*! httpBGGwwwGwcn'h.or#Gnewspaper99.html. 96 . Joseph 8isch! O""ice o" the Inspector Een.! In-esti#ation o" the (ater"ront Commission o" New %ork :ar+or 1J )3;;9*! a-a.la/le at httpBGGwww.i#.state.n'.,sGpd"sG In-esti#ationQ3;o"Q3;theQ3;(ater"rontQ3;CommissionQ3;o"Q3;NewQ3;%ork Q3;:ar+or.pd".

19J %&#'#NA( AN) %#*#( %ON+#N,',NT KLol. 6IBnnn not inter"ere with the collecti-e +ar#ainin# a#reement0the la+or contract +etween the emplo'er and the ,nion. 9 :owe-er! the third part o" the (ater"ront Commission 2ct section I prohi+its an' person who has +een con-icted o" a "elon'! hi#h misdemeanor! or misdemeanor o" moral t,rpit,de "rom ser-in# as an o""icer! a#ent! or emplo'ee o" an' ,nion which represents emplo'ees licensed +' the Commission. 99 There are e5ceptions that co,ld remo-e this prohi+ition. One e5ception allows o""icials and emplo'ees who ha-e recei-ed a pardon +' the #o-ernor or another appropriate a,thorit' in the state the con-iction was recei-ed and another ena+les persons who ha-e recei-ed a certi"icate o" #ood cond,ct "rom the +oard o" parole.9J III. MO4 CONTRO? ON T:> (2T>R8RONT 2. Understandin# the Union The International ?on#shoreman1s 2ssociation )I?2*! created in 1I93! is the lar#est ,nion o" maritime workers in North 2merica! representin# ,pwards o" J9!;;; lon#shoremen. 9= This ,nion incl,des the lon#shoremen who work at the ports o" New %ork and New Jerse'. 9I Aince its inception! the mo+ has corr,pted -ario,s le#itimate instit,tions that operate on the (ater"ront! incl,din# I?2 o""icials and ste-edore companies. 99 ?oansharkin#! #am+lin#! and the"t as well as the in"iltration! domination! or ,se o" a ,nion or emplo'ee +ene"it plan "or personal +ene"it +' ille#al! -iolent! or "ra,d,lent means0commonl' re"erred to as la+or racketeerin# 0are amon# crimes perpetrated +' the mo+ thro,#h corr,ption o" le#itimate instit,tions.J; These la+or racketeers determined who worked on the (ater"ront and how "ast ships were loaded and ,nloaded. J1 The' collected .pa'o""s/ "or 7o+s! e5torted ste-edore companies! "acilitated car#o the"t! and siphoned +ene"it&",nds.J3 Una+le! or in some cases
9

. N.%. UNCONAO?. HH 9IJI to 9IJ9 )McFinne' 3;;3*< N.J. AT2T. 2NN. HH 63B36&JI to J9 )(est 199;*. 99 $ See N.%. UNCONAO?. H 9966 )McFinne' 3;;3*< N.J. AT2T. 2NN. HH 63B36&I; )(est 199;*. 9J . N.%. UNCONAO?. H 9966< N.J. AT2T. 2NN. H 63B36&I;. 9= . Welcome1 #nternat.onal (ongshoreman Assoc.at.on! I?2UNION.ORE )3;1;*! httpBGGwww.ila,nion.or#Ginde5.html )last -isited on 2pril 3=! 3;13*. 9I . See .d$ 99 . See 7attl.ng %orru"t.on .n the #(A0 A 8art.al %hronology ! UNION D>MOCR2C% R>L. )2ss1n "or Union Democrac'! 4rookl'n! N.%.*! 2,#. 3;;9! a-a.la/le at httpBGGwww.,niondemocrac'.or#GUDRG9=&attlin#Q3;corr,ptionQ3;inQ3;theQ3;I?2.htm< see generally 8inne#an! su"ra note 19. J; . See (2T>R8RONT R>CORT! su"ra note >rrorB Re"erence so,rce not "o,nd! at 3. J1 . See J2CO4A! su"ra note 1 ! at 9. J3 . See .d$ at 91.

3;13M T2, 3WAT%2)O45 A4,N%Y 19= ,nwillin#! to "i#ht or#ani$ed crime! some companies considered pa'o""s! missin# car#o! and emplo'in# .no&show/ workers to +e the cost o" cond,ctin# +,siness in the port.J6 Unions were created to #i-e workers a plat"orm "or iss,es e5perienced at work like wa#e increases or paid sick lea-e! J +,t the I?2 was pla#,ed +' 'ears o" corr,ption.J9 :eadlines statin# that ,nion o""icials and mem+ers were pro-idin# .kick&+acks/ to or#ani$ed crime made it hard "or the p,+lic to +elie-e that ."airness Ke5istsM "or all workin# people./ JJ In addition! the cost o" la+or racketeerin# was passed to the cons,mer. J= In 1993! Apr,ille 4raden! Chairman o" the New %ork Cit' 2nti&Crime Committee! declared that .or#ani$ed crime alon# the water"ront costs at least S69; million a 'ear in hidden ta5es./JI 4' .hidden ta5es!/ 4raden was re"errin# to the .mo+ ta5!/ part o" which was passed on to the cons,mer thro,#h hi#her prices.J9 4raden1s "orm,la shows that "i-e percent o" S= +illion worth o" #oods that passed thro,#h the ports in 1993 was stolen. =; Toda'! .KrMo,#hl' S3;; +illion in car#o mo-es thro,#h the port each 'ear./=1 4. Atr,ct,re o" the Mo+ The Ma"ia is an or#ani$ation o" si5 "amilies in the New %ork&New

J6

. See J2CO4A! su"ra note 1 ! at 91< 2lan 2. 4lock! . On the Waterfront5 &e-.s.ted0 The %r.m.nology of Waterfront Organ.6ed %r.me ! J CONT>MC. CRIA>A 6=6! 6=9 )19I3*. This was not an iss,e "or p,+lic wel"are as it concerned mainl' the dockworkers and their "amilies. Companies pa'in# the .mo+ ta5/ and the occ,rrence o" illicit acti-it' was contained within the ind,str' so the p,+lic&at&lar#e did not ha-e reason "or concern. 8inne#an! su"ra note 19. J . See 28?&CIO! What 9n.ons )o! 28?CIO.ORE! httpBGGwww.a"lcio.or#G?earn&2+o,t&UnionsG(hat&Unions&Do )last -isited Mar. 3 ! 3;13*. J9 . 7attl.ng %orru"t.on .n the #(A0 A 8art.al %hronology! su"ra note 99. JJ . ,$g$! Thomas Dam+ito! Waterfront Shakedowns N$:$ 9n.on (eaders +ace %harges .n )ocks Scam! N.%. D2I?% N>(A )Mar. I! 3;;3*! httpBGGarticles.n'dail'news.comG3;;3&;6&;IGnewsG1I19I 11O1O#lo+al&terminal&p&o&ports& +a'onne< see 28?&CIO! su"ra note J6. J= . E. Ro+ert 4lake' R Ronald Eoldstock! 3On the Waterfront50 &#%O and (a/or &acketeer.ng 1= 2M. CRIM. ?. R>L. 6 1! 6 3 )19I;*. JI . )ock &ackets; %ost 8ut at <= >1>>>1>>> ! N.%. TIM>A! No-. I! 1993! at 39 )on "ile with a,thor*. J9 . #d$< see ?arr' McAhane! On the Waterfront1 .n the %ourtroom? Stor.ed New :ersey 9n.on (ocal +aces Another &acketeer.ng Tr.al Th.s S"r.ng1 (2A:. COAT! Jan. ! 3;; ! at 21;. =; . )ock &ackets; %ost 8ut at <= >1>>>1>>>! su"ra note JI. =1 . Tom :ester Ar.! :ose"h @uel. of Wall 4ets Years .n 8r.son for Waterfront (oanshark.ng1 N>(J>RA>%N>(AROOM.COM )8e+. 1;! 3;13*! httpBGGwww.new7erse' newsroom.comGstateG7oseph&P,eli&o"&wall&#ets&9&'ears&in&prison&"or&water"ront& loansharkin#Gpa#e&3.

19I %&#'#NA( AN) %#*#( %ON+#N,',NT KLol. 6IBnnn Jerse' area.=3 These "amilies represent or#ani$ed criminal "actions headed +' .captains./=6 These "actions are re"erred to as .crews./ = The crews are made ,p o" .soldiers/ or .made/ mem+ers and .associates./ =9 >ach captain is responsi+le "or s,per-isin#! s,pportin#! and protectin# his crew. =J .In ret,rn! the captain recei-es a share o" the crew1s earnin#s./ == The head o" the "amil' is re"erred to as the .+oss./ =I The +oss o" the "amil' is assisted +' the .,nder+oss/ and a .consi#liere./=9 (ith the assistance o" the ,nder+oss and the consi#liere! the +oss is responsi+le "or settin# polic'! resol-in# disp,tes +etween "amil' mem+ers and mem+ers o" other "actions! and appro-in# all si#ni"icant actions taken +' the "amil'. I; (hen an o""icial +oss! ,nder+oss! consi#liere! or captain +ecame incarcerated! another mem+er o" the "amil' is temporaril' appointed to the -acant position.I1 C. Di-idin# the (ater"ront In the late 19J;s! Eeor#e 4arone or#ani$ed a mo+ sit&down at the docks.I3 4arone! once a mem+er o" the Jets! wo,ld later +ecome a made mem+er o" the Eeno-ese crime "amil' and an I?2 o""icial. I6 2s a res,lt o" the sit&down! the (ater"ront was di-idedB the Eam+ino "amil' operated 4rookl'n and Ataten Island and the Eeno-ese "amil' operated Manhattan and New Jerse'. I This +alance o" power allowed or#ani$ed crime to in"iltrate the (ater"ront "or decades. I9 :owe-er! the I?2 contin,es to den' the le-el o" mo+ in"iltration that e5ists on the (ater"ront. IJ 2ccordin# to its we+site! the I?2 p,rports that the le-el o" mo+ in"iltration has .ne-er e-en
=3

. Indictment at 3&6! United Atates -. Eotti! A1 ;3 Cr. = 6 )RCC* )A.D.N.% 3;; *. This .nationwide criminal or#ani$ation known +' -ario,s names! incl,din# the NMa"ia1 and N?a Cosa Nostra1 )N?CN1*! operated thro,#h entities known as N8amilies.1/ #d$ =6 . #d. at 6. = . #d. =9 . #d. =J . #d. == . #d. =I . #d$ =9 . #d. at 6& . I; . #d. at . I1 . #d$ I3 . #d$ I6 . #d$ I . #d$ I9 . McAhane! su"ra note J9. IJ . 2.story0 Struggle and %hanges! I?2UNION.ORE! httpBGGwww.ila,nion.or#G histor'Ostr,##le.html )last -isited Jan. 61! 3;13*< see Ted Aherman1 Tale of the )ocks and 'o/sters 4ets New (.fe! N.J. AT2R ?>DE>R )Ma' 1! 3;;9*! httpBGGwww.wcn'h.or#G newsGTaleOo"ODocksOandOMo+stersO#etOnewOli"e.pd" ).NThere is no mo+ in"l,ence in the ,nion!1 said I?2 spokesman James McNamara./*.

3;13M T2, 3WAT%2)O45 A4,N%Y 199 remotel' approached the ela+orate plots desi#ned in the artists1 minds. It is . . . ne-er to the e5tent that "irst :oll'wood and later the press wo,ld ha-e the p,+lic +elie-e!/ +,t is rather a .#an#land m'th./ I= In 3;1;! le#islation was proposed in New Jerse'! callin# "or the dissol,tion o" the Commission! challen#in# its contin,ed e5istence on the #ro,nds that the p,rpose "or which the (ater"ront Commission was created no lon#er e5ists.II Crior to proposin# this le#islation! Thomas ?eonardis! then&Cresident o" I?2 ?ocal 1369! testi"ied +e"ore the New Jerse' Atate Aenate >conomic Erowth Committee that the (ater"ront Commission was as o+solete as a loadin# hook. I9 ?eonardis was later arrested "or e5tortin# I?2 mem+ers.9; (itho,t the presence o" the (CN%: workin# to#ether with other a#encies to "i#ht +ack a#ainst the in"l,ence o" or#ani$ed crime on the (ater"ront! the la+or racketeers wo,ld +e "ree to control the ,nion and the (ater"ront witho,t o,tside inter"erence. 91 D. The Cast Twent' %ears o" Corr,ption The enactment o" the Racketeer In"l,enced and Corr,pt Or#ani$ations )RICO* stat,te in 19=; has impacted the prosec,tion o" la+or racketeerin# cases.93 RICO! which prohi+its racketeerin# acti-ities .de"ined +' re"erence to twent'&"o,r separate t'pes o" "ederal crimes and ei#ht di""erent state "elonies!/ is an important stat,tor' weapon ,sed +' "ederal prosec,tors a#ainst la+or racketeerin#.96 The stat,te does not make ille#al an' action that was pre-io,sl' le#al! +,t rather! .adds the concept o" Nenterprise1 to a criminal prosec,tion! reP,irin# additional proo" o" a Npattern1 o" racketeerin# acti-it' and its relationship to an Nenterprise1 in addition to that reP,ired to pro-e the indi-id,al crimes alle#ed./ 9
I= II

. 2.story0 Struggle and %hanges! su"ra note IJ. . A. 36J;! 31 th ?e#. )N.J. 3;1;* )disc,ssin# p,rpose as com+atin# criminal acti-it'! speci"icall' or#ani$ed crime! on the ports*. I9 . Timoth' J. Carroll! Waterfront 2ear.ng1 (esn.ak on 8ol.t.cs0 3'ay/e We Need a Waterfront %omm.ss.on15 CO?ITICF>RNJ.COM )Aept. 36! 3;1;*! httpBGGwww.politickern7. comGhearin#&water"ront&o-ersi#ht&lesniak&politics&ma'+e&we&need&water"ront&commission. 9; . Cress Release! District o" N.J.! >.D.N.%.! Eeno-ese Or#ani$ed Crime 8amil' Aoldier and 2ssociates Indicted on Racketeerin# Char#es! Incl,din# >5tortion o" Int1l ?on#shoremen1s 2ss1n Mem+ers )Jan. 3;! 3;11*! httpBGGwww.wcn'h.or#Gnews.html. 91 . Cress Release! (ater"ront Comm1n o" N.%. :ar+or! (h' Fill the Mo+ (atchdo# at the Cort )Oct. 1;! 3;1;*! httpBGGwww.wcn'h.or#Gnewspa#e 1.html< see also 8inne#an! su"ra note 1=. 93 . See 4lake'! su"ra note J=! at 6 9. 96 . #d. at 6 I. 9 . #d. at 6 I& 9. 4lake' and Eoldstock1s "amo,s article promotes RICO as an important stat,tor' weapon ,sed a#ainst la+or racketeerin#. The' disc,ss how RICO can +est attack -ario,s la+or rackets incl,din# "rin#e +ene"it mis,se! .sweetheart/ contracts! strike ins,rance! and racketeerin# in illicit +,siness. See .d$ at 6 3& J.

3;;

%&#'#NA( AN) %#*#( %ON+#N,',NT 1. 199;s

KLol. 6IBnnn

On 8e+r,ar' 1 ! 199;! a "ederal ci-il RICO s,it was "iled a#ainst si5 I?2 ,nions.99 Lario,s ,nion and mana#ement o""icials were named in the s,it and man' o" them were char#ed with +ein# connected to or#ani$ed crime.9J Two 'ears later! a settlement was reached ,nder a consent decree with the ,nions a#reein# to .clean ,p their act./ 9= 2s a res,lt o" this s,it! si5 I?2 ,nions were placed ,nder "ederal monitorships. 9I Thirteen 'ears a"ter the "ilin# o" the s,it! a "ederal tr,steeship was imposed on ?ocal 19II a"ter it -iolated the consent decree. 99 Those who were identi"ied as .mo+ "i#,res/ were en7oined "rom associatin# with the I?2. 1;; In 199 ! at a social cl,+ in 4rookl'n! New %ork! Michael .Cookie/ D1Urso! a Eeno-ese crime "amil' associate! was shot in the head. 1;1 :e s,r-i-ed! +ecame a law en"orcement cooperator! and aided in con-ictin# other or#ani$ed crime "i#,res! incl,din# "ormer Eeno-ese crime "amil' +oss! Lincent .Chin/ Ei#ante.1;3 D1Urso recorded con-ersations +etween himsel" and "ellow Eeno-ese crime "amil' associate Thomas Ca"aro! who was also a ,nion emplo'ee and the son o" Lincent .8ish/ Ca"aro. The con-ersations o" Ca"aro and D1Urso hi#hli#hted that the mo+ controlled the (ater"ront thro,#h the ,nionB1;6
C282ROB I told o,r "riend . . . .K(Me #ot to do the repair! container repair! chassis repair! store them and char#e a rent and the tr,ckin#/ . . . . DURAOB .... DURAOB (hat happens i" le#itimate #,'s come in and do itT Then whatT 2nd what did he sa'T C282ROB .%o,1re ri#ht./

C282ROB The' #i-e them a hard time with the ,nion. %o, know what I meanT

99 9J

7attl.ng %orru"t.on .n the #(A0 A 8art.al %hronology! su"ra note 99. #d$ 9= #d$ 9I #d$ 99 #d$ 1;; #d$ 1;1 See Michael 4rick! :ury &ules One Way1 :udge Another .n 'o/ A.ll.ng ! N.%. TIM>A )Dec. 19! 3;;=*! httpBGGwww.n'times.comG3;;=G13G19Gn're#ionG19mo+.html. 1;3 . #d$ 1;6 . See Eo-ernment >5hi+it T ! Transcript o" Con-ersation +etween Michael .Cookie/ D1Urso and Thomas Ca"aro! Mar. 36! 3;;;! 1 B IB66&1 B9;B;; )on "ile with a,thor*.

. . . . . . .

3;13M
DURAOB

T2, 3WAT%2)O45 A4,N%Y


The'1ll sick them on themT

3;1

C282ROB %eah! the'1ll #i-e them a hard time with the ,nion . . . .1;

In 199I! -ario,s Eeno-ese crime "amil' mem+ers! and (CN%: re#istrants! were indicted in the District o" New Jerse' on char#es o" racketeerin#! ille#al #am+lin#! and loan sharkin#. 1;9 The indictment alle#ed that Joseph U,eli! a maintenance "oreman and alle#ed .made mem+er/ o" the Eeno-ese crime "amil'! ran a crew responsi+le "or loansharkin# and #am+lin# acti-ities on the (ater"ront. 1;J Mem+ers o" the crew incl,ded Ronald .U,ack/ U,acP,arini )wareho,seman and shop steward*! 2nthon' Napolitano! )wareho,seman and assistant shop steward*! 2nthon' .Akins/ Atoia! Ra'mond .Ronni/ Cardosa )assistant clinic administrator at the I?2 Medical Clinic in Newark! New Jerse'*! ?o,is Raimo! Atephen DeCiro! and Mann' Rodri#,e$.1;= DeCiro and Rodri#,e$ were pre-io,sl' re-oked +' the CommissionB DeCiro in 199J "or en#a#in# in a #am+lin# conspirac' and promotin# #am+lin# and RodriP,e$ in 1996 "or a##ra-ated assa,lt and promotin# #am+lin#.1;I U,eli and DeCiro were con-icted o" racketeerin#.1;9 Atoia and Cardosa were con-icted o" ille#al #am+lin#. 11; 3. 3;;;s In 3;;;! two "ormer Cresidents o" ?ocal 19II! John .John John/ 2n#elone and >,#ene E1Aell pled #,ilt' to conspirac' to em+e$$le "rom the Union.111 O""ice Mana#er Denise 4ohn! "ormer ?ocal 19II 4,siness 2#ent (illiam :,rle'! "ormer ?ocal 19II Lice Cresident Joseph Celliccia! and "ormer ,nion en-ironmental o""icer Thomas Rackle' were con-icted o" em+e$$lement and conspirac'. 113 One 'ear later Joseph ?ore! a hirin# a#ent and Eeno-ese soldier who controlled I?2 ?ocal 19II in the 199;s was con-icted o" em+e$$lin# S=9;!;;; "rom ,nion workers. 116 D,rin# ?ore1s rei#n! he collected one&hal" o" all o""icers1 and speci"ic ,nion emplo'ees1 salaries in a .salar' di-ersion scheme./ 11 The Eotti con-ictions in 9n.ted States -$ 4ott. incl,ded Ceter Eotti! actin# +oss o" the Eam+ino crime
1;

. #d$ . See Tom 4aldwin! (atest %omm.ss.on 'o/ #n-est.gat.ons (ead to #nd.ctments! J. O8 COM. )199I*! at 34. 1;J . 4aldwin! su"ra note 1;9. 1;= . Cress Release! (ater"ront Comm1n o" N.%. :ar+or! Three (ater"ront (orkers A,spended )2pr. 33! 199I*< see 4aldwin! su"ra note 1;9. 1;I . 4aldwin! su"ra note 1;9. 1;9 . #d$ 11; . #d$ 111 . See McAhane! su"ra note J9. 113 . +.-e 4u.lty .n #(A Sk.mm.ng %ase! J. O8 COM. ) Dec. 19! 3;;1*. 116 . McAhane! su"ra note J9. 11 . +.-e 4u.lty .n #(A Sk.mm.ng %ase! su"ra note 113.
1;9

3;3 %&#'#NA( AN) %#*#( %ON+#N,',NT KLol. 6IBnnn "amil' and I?2 o""icials 2nthon' .Aonn'/ Ciccone and 8rank .Red/ Acollo.119 The 7ellomo con-ictions incl,ded Eeno-ese actin# +osses ?i+orio 4ellomo! >rnest M,scarella! and 2ndrew Ei#ante! the owner o" se-eral water"ront +,sinesses.11J In 3;;6! 4ellomo! M,scarella! and Ei#ante entered into consent decrees +arrin# them "rom water"ront +,sinesses! and "rom an' in-ol-ement with the I?2 or its +ene"it ",nds. 11= In 3;;3! c,rrent and "ormer o""icials o" ?ocal 19II were char#ed with racketeerin#! e5tortion! +ri+er'! and conspirac' +' the Atate o" New Jerse'.11I 2ll were rep,ted associates o" the Eeno-ese crime "amil'. 119 2mon# those char#ed were Nicholas 8,rina )hirin# a#ent "or Corts 2merica*! Ralph >sposito )shop steward "or ?ocal 19II at Elo+al Terminal*! 2nthon' D1>rrico )"ield +oss "or ?ocal 19II at Elo+al Terminal*! 2niello .Aonn'/ 4ello )hirin# a#ent at Elo+al Terminal*! John Timpanaro )president o" ?ocal 19II*! Carlo 4ilancione )"ormer "ield +oss "or ?ocal 19II at Elo+al Terminal*! and Nicholas Romano )"ormer shop steward "or ?ocal 19II at Elo+al Terminal and Nicholas 8,rina1s son&in& law*.13; 4ilancione and Romano had their re#istration re-oked +' the Commission a"ter the' pled #,ilt' to conspirac' to steal an interstate shipment o" #oods in connection with the the"t o" S3 million o" imported per",me "rom Elo+al Terminals in 3;;;.131 In 3;;9! 4ello! >sposito! and Romano! pled #,ilt' to commercial +ri+er'. 133 8,rina! who was acc,sed o" +ein# the +oss +ehind the mo+&related shakedown scheme! pled #,ilt' to the"t.136 8ollowin# these pleas and a"ter decades o" mo+ control! the "ederal
119

. See Joseph 4onne'! +eds target the #(A! J. O8 COM. )Oct. 1I! 3;; *! at 63< Cress Release! Dep1t o" J,stice! U.A. 8iles Racketeerin# Case 2#ainst the I?2 and Top I?2 O""icials )J,l' J! 3;;9*. 11J . 4onne'! su"ra note 119. 11= . Aherman! su"ra note IJ. 11I . Cress Release! (ater"ront Comm1n o" N.%. :ar+or! Rep,ted (ater"ront 8action o" the Eeno-ese Crime 8amil' R Dock (orker1s Union Demand SSS! 8or (ork0 Ae-en 2rrested in >arl' Mornin# Ro,nd,p )Mar. =! 3;;3*! a-a.la/le at httpBGGwww.wcn'h.or#G newsGDCJOTar#etQ3;Mo+&r,nQ3;shake&downQ3;onQ3;NJQ3;docks.pd". 119 . #d$ 13; . #d$ 131 . Michael Nelson! Two New :ersey 7osses 8lead 4u.lty to <2 '.ll.on 8erfume 2e.st! N2TION2? ?>E2? R CO?IC% C>NT>R )Aept. 39! 3;1;*! httpBGGnlpc.or#GstoriesG3;;;G ;9G39Gtwo&new&7erse'&+osses&plead&#,ilt'&3&million&per",me&heist. 133 . Ronald ?eir! .).rty )ocker5 (.cense Targeted! J>RA>% J.! 2pr. 39! 3;;9! a-a.la/le at www.wcn'h.or#Gnews.Dirt'&Docker&lincense&tar#eted.pd". 136 . Joe Malinconico! Someth.ng .s '.ss.ng .n the 9n.on *ote0 The 'o/ ! N.J. AT2R&?>DE>R! 2pr. I! 3;;=< Ronald Amothers! 9$S$ Wants O-erseer for )ock Workers; (ocal! N.%. TIM>A )Dec. 11! 3;;3*! httpBGGwww.n'times.comG3;;3G13G11Gn're#ionG,s&wants&o-erseer&"or&dock&workers& local.html.

3;13M T2, 3WAT%2)O45 A4,N%Y 3;6 #o-ernment "inall' imposed a tr,stee o-er ?ocal 19II. 13 In 3;1;! 8,rina1s son1s and #randson1s licenses were re-oked +' the (CN%: in separate hearin#s "or lackin# the reP,isite #ood character and inte#rit' to +e pier s,perintendents.139 In 3;; ! ?o,is Aaccenti! "ormer dri-er "or Aamm' .the 4,ll/ Era-ano! t,rned I?2 o""icial and Eam+ino associate! pled not #,ilt' to a per7,r' char#e a"ter den'in# that he knew Crimo Cassarino! a Eam+ino soldier! and that he -isited the Ra-enite Aocial Cl,+! a han#o,t "reP,ented +' "ormer Eam+ino +oss John Eotti.13J 4etween 19I1 and 199J! Aaccenti met with thirt'&ei#ht Eam+ino "amil' mem+ers at the Ra-enite and other mo+ han#o,ts.13= In 199I! the (ater"ront Commission re-oked his license! 13I +,t the ,nion kept him on the pa'roll. 139 2lso in 3;; ! I?2 o""icials :arold Da##ett! 2rth,r Co""e'! and 2l+ert Cernadas were char#ed with e5tortion and "ra,d "or a scheme aimed at steerin# ,nion +ene"it contracts to companies that paid kick+acks to the mo+ "rom 199= to 3;; . 16; Eeno-ese crime "amil' captain and "ormer +,siness a#ent o" I?2 ?ocal 1369! ?awrence Ricci! was also char#ed. 161 Eeor#e 4arone! then in his ei#hties and a #o-ernment witness! testi"ied a#ainst them at trial! indicatin# that the mo+ p,t Da##ett in power.163 Ultimatel'! Cernadas pled #,ilt' to "ra,d. 166 Da##ett! Co""e'! and Ricci were acP,itted on all char#es. 16 Ricci went
13

. McAhane! su"ra note J9. . Cress Release! (ater"ront Comm1n o" N.%. :ar+or! Cier A,perintendent1s ?icense is Re-oked "or Dishonest' D,rin# (ater"ront Comm1n Inter-iew and :earin# )Ma' 1=! 3;1;*! httpBGGwww.wcn'h.or#Gnewspa#e6 .html< see also Cress Release! (ater"ront Comm1n o" N.%. :ar+or! Cier A,perintendent Cermit Re-oked "or Liolation o" the (ater"ront Comm1n 2ct )J,l' 19! 3;1;*! httpBGGwww.wcn'h.or#Gnewspa#e6=.html. 13J . Jerr' Capeci! Tony (1 'o/ &oyalty! N.%. AUN! J,l' 19! 3;; ! at 6. 13= . Do,#las 8eiden! The +at %ats on the Waterfront0 2ow 7osses (oad 9" on 8ay )es".te The.r ,-erBShr.nk.ng 9n.on ! N.%. D2I?% N>(A )Jan. ! 3;; *! httpBGGarticles.n'dail'news.comG3;; &;1&; GnewsG1I3J 369O1Oila&non,nion&competition& 7ohn&+owers. 13I . #d$ 139 . #d$ 16; . Cress Release! (ater"ront Comm1n o" N.%. :ar+or! U.A. 8iles Racketeerin# Case 2#ainst Int1l ?on#shoremen1s 2ss1n and Top I?2 O""icials )J,l' J! 3;;9*! httpBGGwww.7,stice.#o-G,saoGn'eGprG3;;9G3;;97,lJ.html. 161 . See John Mar$,lli! 8ro/at.on for ,C )ocks 7.g! N.%. D2I?% N>(A )8e+. 36! 3;;J*! httpBGGarticles.n'dail'news.comG3;;J&;3&36GlocalG1I633J 1O1Olawrence&ricci& mo+&in"l,ence&#eno-ese. 163 . Aherman! su"ra note IJ< 4onne'! su"ra note 119. 166 . (illiam Rash+a,m! Three (ongshoremen Not 4u.lty of +raud and Other %harges! N.%. TIM>A )No-. 9! 3;;9*! httpBGGP,er'.n'times.comG#stG",llpa#e.htmlT resV 9C;;>3DI196>8962269=93C129J69CI4J6. 16 . #d$
139

3; %&#'#NA( AN) %#*#( %ON+#N,',NT KLol. 6IBnnn missin# d,rin# the trial and was later "o,nd dead in the tr,nk o" a car. 169 Da##ett went on to +ecome the Cresident o" the I?2.16J In 3;;9! a "ederal ci-il RICO s,it was "iled a#ainst the I?2 callin# "or the remo-al o" corr,pt o""icers and "or "ederal monitorin# o-er the entire ,nion.16= 2 press release +' the >astern District o" New %ork indicated that the char#es a#ainst the I?2 were .+ased on decades o" e-idence relatin# to corr,ption and or#ani$ed crime in"l,ence within the ,nion and +,sinesses/ operatin# on the (ater"ront.16I The case is still pendin#.169 In 3;;9! Michael .Mike' Ci#ars/ Coppola! a Eeno-ese crime "amil' captain! was con-icted on "ederal racketeerin# char#es that incl,ded conspirac' to e5tort mone' "rom I?2 ?ocal 1369 and its mem+ers. 1 ; :e was sentenced to si5teen 'ears in prison! +,t not +e"ore he co,ld wish the 7,d#e and his "amil' a .Merr' Christmas./ 1 1 Incl,ded in the e-idence presented at the Coppola trial! was an 84I intercept o" a 3;;= con-ersation +etween the mo+ster and >dward 2,lisi! then checker on the (ater"ront! mem+er o" I?2 ?ocal 1! and son o" Lincent 2,lisi! "ormer Cresident o" I?2 ?ocal 1369! in which the' disc,ssed e5tortin# ,nion mem+ers. 1 3 2t the time o" the con-ersation! Coppola was a ",#iti-e "rom 7,stice! wanted in connection with the 19== m,rder o" John .Johnn' Cokes/ ?ardiere. 1 6 2,lisi was e5pelled +' the >thical Cractices Co,nsel o" the I?2 "or "ailin# to answer P,estions associated with the con-ersation with Coppola and was remo-ed "rom the (ater"ront "or associatin# with a mem+er o" or#ani$ed crime.1
169

. (illiam F. Rash+a,m! 7ody +ound .n %ar .s Sa.d to /e 'o/ +.gure;s ! N.%. TIM>A )Dec. 1! 3;;9*! httpBGGP,er'.n'times.comG#stG",llpa#e.htmlT resV94;=>8DC1961 8963269=91C129J69CI4J6. 16J . 2arold )aggett ,lected #nternat.onal 8res.dent at #(A =rd @uadrenn.al %on-ent.on! I?2UNION.ORE )J,l' 39! 3;11*! www.ila,nion.or#GnewsOelection3;11O anno,ncement.html. 16= . See Ti""an' Ten >'ckW &acketeer.ng (awsu.t Aga.nt #(A (eaders 'ust 4.-e 'em/ers %ontrol! ?24OR NOT>A )J,ne 6;! 3;;9*! httpBGGla+ornotes.or#GnodeG=9J. 16I . Cress Release! su"ra note 16;. 169 . #d$ 1 ; . Fati Cornell! 3'.key %.gars5 %on-.cted of &acketeer.ng1 %leared of 'urder! N.%. COAT )J,l' 31! 3;;9*! httpBGGwww.n'post.comGnewsGre#ionalG+rookl'nGitemO T"hCo=h's8$,eO5$c-IJTF. 1 1 . John Mar$,lli! :udge Sla"s '.chael 3'.key %.gars5 %o""ola w.th 1D Years .n 8r.son &acketeer.ng! N.%. D2I?% N>(A )Dec. 19! 3;;9*! httpBGGarticles.n'dail'news.comG 3;;9&13&19GnewsG1=9 6;=;O1Omerr'&christmas&racketeerin#&sentence. 1 3 . Jerr' Capeci! ,ncoded (."s S.nk 3'.key %.gars15 N.%. AUN )Ma' 3 ! 3;;=*! httpBGGwww.n's,n.com.new&'orkGencoded&lips&sink&mike'&ci#arsG9916JG. 1 6 . #d$ 1 . Cress Release! (ater"ront Comm1n o" N.%. :ar+or! Checker Remo-ed

3;13M

T2, 3WAT%2)O45 A4,N%Y 6. Recent de-elopments

3;9

On March 1J! 3;1;! Ro' Ma#lori! a re#istered maintenance man! was remo-ed +' the (ater"ront Commission "or his association with or#ani$ed crime.1 9 In a con-ersation +etween Ma#lori and 2n#elo .the :orn/ Crisco! a captain in the Eeno-ese crime "amil'! Ma#lori complained a+o,t his position.1 J Crisco directed Ma#lori to see .Nick'/ or his son! .2nthon'/ +eca,se the' .know 'o,1re m' "riend/ and .the'1ll take care o" 'o,./ 1 = Crisco was sentenced to li"e in prison a"ter +ein# "o,nd #,ilt' o" racketeerin#! m,rder! and other char#es. 1 I 2lso! in 3;1;! hirin# a#ent John Aantore1s license was withdrawn +' the ste-edore compan' he worked "or a"ter he and the compan' were ser-ed with a notice o" hearin# alle#in# that he associated with Joseph .Joe' the 4,ll/ 4ilotti! a known soldier in the Eam+ino crime "amil'. 1 9 In 2pril 3;1;! a 7oint in-esti#ation +' the New Jerse' Department o" Criminal J,stice and the (CN%: led to the arrest o" Eeno-ese crime "amil' soldier! Joseph U,eli and others. 19; The in-esti#ations were re"erred to as .Operation Terminal/ and in-ol-ed alle#ations that .I?2 mem+ers workin# at the shippin# terminals are reP,ired to make a cash Ntri+,te1 pa'ment at Christmas time each 'ear Kto mem+ers o" or#ani$ed crimeM o,t o" 'ear&end +on,ses KM called Ncontainer ro'alt' checks.1/ 191 On Octo+er 3I! 3;11! U,eli pled #,ilt' to loansharkin#! mone' la,nderin#! and "ilin# "alse ta5 ret,rns.193 In pleadin# #,ilt'! U,eli stated he made loans to I?2 mem+ers at ,s,rio,s interest rates! ran#in# "rom =I to19JQ per 'ear. 196 U,eli was sentenced to se-en 'ears in state prison. 19 In connection with the same case! checker Nicholas 4er#amotto! who
"rom (ater"ront "or 2ssociation with Or#ani$ed Crime )No-. 1I! 3;;9*! httpBGGwww.wcn'h.or#Gnewspa#e3=.html. 1 9 . Cress Release! (ater"ront Comm1n o" New %ork :ar+or! Maintenance Man Remo-ed "rom (ater"ront "or 2ssociation with a Mem+er o" Or#ani$ed Crime )Mar. 1J! 3;1;*! httpBGGwww.wcn'h.or#Gnewspa#e ;.html. 1 J . #d. 1 = . #d$ 1 I . #d. 1 9 . Cress Release! (ater"ront Comm1n o" N.%. :ar+or! :irin# 2#ent Char#ed with 2ssociatin# with Mem+er o" Or#ani$ed Crime is Remo-ed "rom (ater"ront )2pr. =! 3;1;*! httpBGGwww.wcn'h.or#GnewsGnewspa#e6;.pd". 19; . :ester! su"ra note =1. 191 . #d. 193 . Cress Release! (ater"ront Comm1n o" N.%. :ar+or! Eeno-ese Aoldier and Checker Cled E,ilt' in Cort ?oansharkin# Case )Oct. 3I! 3;11*! httpBGGwww.water"rontcommission.or#Gnewspa#eJ=.html. 196 . #d$ 19 . Cress Release! (ater"ront Comm1n o" N.%. :ar+or! Two Men Clead E,ilt' in Cro+e +' Di-ision o" Criminal J,stice R (ater"ront Comm1n into Ahakedown o" Dock (orkers )Oct. 3I! 3;11*! httpBGGwww.n7.#o-Goa#Gnewsreleases11Gpr3;111;3I+.html.

3;J %&#'#NA( AN) %#*#( %ON+#N,',NT KLol. 6IBnnn was temporaril' s,spended +' the (ater"ront Commission pendin# a hearin# +ased on those char#es! 199 was sentenced to a term o" pro+ation "or mone' la,nderin#.19J U,eli! or 4er#amotto actin# on his +ehal"! wo,ld demand weekl' pa'ments "rom the ,nion mem+ers o" 1.9&6Q interest on the loan amo,nt.19= I?2 o""icial N,n$io ?aErasso! Newark police o""icer 2lan Mar"ia! and Rocco 8errandino! a timekeeper on the (ater"ront! were also char#ed.19I The in-esti#ation into these three indi-id,als is still on#oin#.199 On Jan,ar' 3;! 3;11! 13= mem+ers and associates o" -ario,s crime "amilies o" ?a Cosa Nostra were char#ed with racketeerin# and related crimes and at least 11; were arrested. 1J; 4oth 9n.ted States -$ %.calese and 9n.ted States -$ )e8.ro had lar#e impacts on the (ater"ront. 1J1 The %.calese indictment char#ed three mem+ers o" the I?2 with committin# per7,r' d,rin# testimon' +e"ore a "ederal #rand 7,r' in-esti#ation o" or#ani$ed crime1s in"iltration o" the water"ront and the I?2. 1J3 The )e8.ro indictment char#ed "i"teen indi-id,als! incl,din# the c,rrent and two "ormer I?2 ?ocal 1369 presidents with -ario,s racketeerin# related crimes! s,ch as e5tortion o" mem+ers o" the I?2 each 'ear at Christmas time when the lon#shoremen recei-ed a portion o" ro'alt' pa'ments paid +' shippin# companies.1J6 2,lisi! who was pre-io,sl' remo-ed "rom the (ater"ront and e5pelled "rom the ,nion! was also char#ed in this indictment. 1J On the date o" the arrests! U.A. 2ttorne' Ca,l J. 8ishman statedB
KOMr#ani$ed crime still has a #rip on the New Jerse' water"ront. (orkers sho,ld +e "ree to p,rs,e an honest li-in# witho,t +ein# worried that their own ,nion representati-es will shake them down. O,r ports and those who work there pla' -ital roles in o,r re#ion1s econom'
199

. Cress Release! N.J. 2tt1' Eeneral1s O""ice! Top Union O""icial and Two Other Men Indicted in In-esti#ation into 2lle#ed Acheme to >5tort Mone' "rom Dock (orkers )8e+. I! 3;11*! httpBGGwww.n7.#o-Goa#Gnewsreleases11Gpr3;11;3;Ia.html. 19J . :ester! su"ra note =1. 19= . #d$ 19I . #d. 199 . Tom :ester! Ar.! #(A 9n.on Off.c.al1 Newark %o" and Th.rd 'an #nd.cted .n Alleged Scheme to ,Ctort (ongshoremen ! N>(J>RA>%N>(AROOM.COM )8e+. I! 3;11*! http<GGwww.new7erse'newsroom.comGstateGila&,nion&o""icial&newark&cop&and&third& man&indicted&in&alle#ed&scheme&to&e5tort&lon#shormen. 1J; . Cress Release! Dep1t o" J,stice&O""ice o" C,+. 2""airs&2E! 91 ?eaders! Mem+ers and 2ssociates o" ?a Cosa Nostra 8amilies in 8o,r Districts Char#ed with Racketeerin# and Related Crimes! Incl,din# M,rder and >5tortion )Jan. 3;! 3;11*! httpBGGwww.wcn'h.or#GnewsGJ,sticeEo-O;1&3;&3;11OCressORelease.pd". 1J1 . See .d$ 1J3 . #d$ 1J6 . #d$ 1J . Indictment at 1! United Atates -. Depiro! et al! 1; Cr. I91 )D. N.J. "iled Jan. ;1! 3;11*! a-a.la/le at! httpBGGwww.7,stice.#o-GopaGdoc,mentsG1&3;&3;11&depiro.pd".

3;13M

T2, 3WAT%2)O45 A4,N%Y

3;=

and sec,rit'. Ca'in# tri+,te to the mo+ is not an accepta+le cost o" doin# +,siness in New Jerse'. 1J9

These in-esti#ations are on#oin#.1JJ On Aeptem+er 19! 3;11! Ere# .Ronnie/ Ta'lor! a "ormer I?2 o""icial! was arrested and char#ed with em+e$$lement "or alle#edl' stealin# more than S1;;!;;; in ,nion ",nds "or personal ,se "rom 3;;9 to 3;1;. 1J= This in-esti#ation is also on#oin#.1JI IL. T:> (CN%:1A TOO?A TO 8IE:T ORE2NID>D CRIM> In addition to cond,ctin# in-esti#ations in cooperation with "ederal and local police a#encies! the (ater"ront Commission also has -ario,s internal mechanisms to "i#ht or#ani$ed crime. 2. The Controlled Re#ister Atat,te The Ma"ia e5ploited the la+or im+alance on the (ater"ront. 1J9 Onl' ,nion mem+ers who s,pported the corr,pt ,nion leaders and a#reed to kick&+ack a portion o" their wa#es were #,aranteed a spot on one o" the #an#s.1=; In order to "acilitate the Commission1s power to ens,re "air hirin# and emplo'ment practices! in 19JJ! New %ork and New Jerse' enacted the controlled re#ister stat,te or section 9&p o" the (ater"ront Commission 2ct.1=1 This pro-ision empowered the (ater"ront Commission to open and close the .Deep&Aea/ ?on#shoreman Re#ister as dictated +' la+or needs. 1=3 The (ater"ront Commission s,ccess",ll' ser-es as a +,""er +etween the emplo'ers and the or#ani$ed work"orce! seekin# to ens,re that the workers are protected a#ainst ,n"air hirin# and emplo'ment practices! speci"icall' pre-entin# a s,rpl,s o" la+or.1=6 8or more than "ort' 'ears! the (ater"ront Commission has e5ercised its
1J9

. Cress Release! The U.A. 2ttorne'1s O""iceB Dist. o" N.J.! Eeno-ese Or#ani$ed Crime 8amil' Aoldier and 2ssociates Indicted on Racketeerin# Char#es! Incl,din# >5tortion o" Int1l ?on#shoremen1s 2ss1n Mem+ers )Jan. 3;! 3;11*! httpBGGwww.7,stice.#o-G ,saoGn7GCressG"ilesGDepiroQ3;et.Q3;al.Q3;NewsQ3;Release.html. 1JJ . See .d. The char#es contained in the indictment are merel' acc,sations! and the de"endants are pres,med innocent ,ntil pro-en #,ilt'. See .d$ 1J= . Cress Release! (ater"ront Comm1n o" N.%. :ar+or! 8ormer Int1l ?on#shoremen1s Union O""icer 2rrested! Char#ed with >m+e$$lement )Aept. 19! 3;11*! httpBGGwww.wcn'h.or#Gnewspa#eJ6.html. 1JI . See .d$ 1J9 . ?etter "rom (alter 2rsena,lt! >5ec. Dir.! (ater"ront Comm1n o" N.%. :ar+or! to Michael :. Ran$enho"er! Aenator! J1st Aenate Dist. )Ma' 16! 3;13* )on "ile with a,thor*. 1=; . #d$ 1=1 . #d$ 1=3 . #d$ 1=6 . #d$

3;I %&#'#NA( AN) %#*#( %ON+#N,',NT KLol. 6IBnnn power responsi+l'. 1= The (ater"ront Commission closed the re#ister in 19JJ! shortl' a"ter the enactment o" section 9&p d,e to containeri$ation! which drasticall' red,ced the need "or la+or. 1=9 8or the ne5t thirt' 'ears! with the aid o" section 9&p! the (ater"ront Commission care",ll' sta+ili$ed the la+or&to&7o+ ratio to a-oid im+alance. 1=J 4' 199I! there was an increased demand "or la+or as a res,lt o" increased +,siness in the port! work&r,le chan#es in the Collecti-e 4ar#ainin# 2#reement! and attrition o" the work"orce.1== The (ater"ront Commission responded +' holdin# p,+lic hearin#s to determine the +est wa' to meet the needs o" the ind,str'! workers! and the port witho,t re-isitin# the pro+lems that pre-io,sl' pla#,ed the (ater"ront.1=I 2s a res,lt! in 1999! section 9&p was amended to allow the ind,str' to petition the (ater"ront Commission "or additional .Deep&Aea/ ?on#shoremen and esta+lished speci"ic criteria that the (ater"ront Commission is mandated to e5amine +e"ore allowin# or den'in# additional la+or.1=9 4. Crohi+ition 2#ainst Union O""icials with 8elon' Con-ictions In 3;;9! the (ater"ront Commission remo-ed John Ahade "rom his position as Eeneral Lice Cresident o" the 2tlantic Coast District )2CD* and pre-ented him "rom holdin# an' 2CD o""ice in the ",t,re ,nder H I o" Cart III o" the 2ct.1I; Ahade s,stained at least "i-e disP,ali"'in# con-ictions! se-eral o" which were "or cond,ctin# ille#al #am+lin# +,sinesses and ille#al lotteries.1I1 One o" his "ederal "elon' con-ictions was "or conspirac'! in a case where the ,nderl'in# char#es in-ol-ed racketeerin#. 1I3 Ahade challen#ed his remo-al +' the (ater"ront Commission in an 2rticle =I proceedin#.1I6 :owe-er! the co,rt a#reed with the Commission1s contention that o""icials in the I?2 and the 2CD hold positions that ha-e s,+stantial power to a""ect la+or relations on the New %ork&New Jerse' water"ront and re7ected Ahade1s claim that an 2CD -ice president "or an area s,ch as 4altimore is +e'ond the Commission1s 7,risdiction. 1I Despite these -ictories! Ahade was reinstated +' the I?2 a"ter he o+tained a
1=

. #d$ . #d$ 1=J . #d$ 1== . #d$ 1=I . #d$ 1=9 . #d$ 1I; . Cress Release! (ater"ront Comm1n o" N.%. :ar+or! Co,rt R,les Remo-al o" I?2 2tlantic Coast District LC John Ahade (as Croper )Oct. 39! 3;;9*! httpBGGwww.water"rontcommission.or#Gnewspa#e39.html. 1I1 . #d$ 1I3 . #d$ 1I6 . #d$ 1I . #d$
1=9

3;13M T2, 3WAT%2)O45 A4,N%Y 3;9 Certi"icate o" Eood Cond,ct "rom the New %ork Atate Di-ision o" Carole.1I9 No one at the (CN%: was cons,lted +' the Di-ision o" Carole prior to iss,in# the Certi"icate.1IJ C. C,+lic :earin#s 4etween Octo+er 1 ! 3;1; and Decem+er 3! 3;1;! the (ater"ront Commission held p,+lic hearin#s concernin# conditions within the Cort o" New %ork and the d,al P,estion o" work and pa'. 1I= These hearin#s e5amined and e-al,ated alle#ations o" widespread no show and no work 7o+s! "a-oritism! a+,se o" the collecti-e +ar#ainin# a#reement! ,n"air hirin# practices! racketeerin# attacks on the ind,str'! and the impact it has on the competiti-eness o" the Cort.1II >dward 2,lisi1s case was hi#hli#hted at the hearin#. 1I9 A,r-eillance photos showed 2,lisi +ar+eP,in# and mowin# his lawn at home while he was si#ned&in and +ein# paid as a checker on the (ater"ront. 19; 4etween 3;;= and 3;1;! he s,pposedl' earned a+o,t S1;;!;;; ann,all'. 191 :is intercepted con-ersation in 3;;= with Michael .Mike' Ci#ars/ Coppola was pla'ed "or an a,dience< it e5plained how 2,lisi1s or#ani$ed crime connections helped him #et a +etter 7o+ on the docks. 193 2,lisi re",sed to answer P,estions! s'stematicall' assertin# his pri-ile#e a#ainst sel"& incrimination.196 2 representati-e "rom the ste-edore compan' who emplo'ed 2,lisi testi"ied that as a relie" checker! 2,lisi .is paid whether or not he is pro-idin# relie"19 and is not reP,ired to +e on&site e-en d,rin# the

1I9

. John Ahade! Oct. 19! 3;11! "rom >ric 8ields! Aenior Co,nsel o" the (CN%: to 8rancis :erman! Director at New %ork Atate Di-ision o" Carole! at 1. 1IJ . #d$ 1I= . Ate-e Atr,nsk'! New :ersey Waterfront %omm.ss.on 2olds +.rst 2ear.ng on 'o/ #nfluence at )ocks ! N.J. AT2R&?>DE>R )Oct. 19! 3;1;*! httpBGGwww.n7.comGnewsGinde5.ss"G 3;1;G1;G n7OholdsO"irstOhearin#OonO"ate.html. 1II . #d$ 1I9 . #d$ 19; . #d$ 191 . Richard Cere$&Cena1 #n Waterfront 2ear.ngs1 Accounts of a 9n.on;s A.ck/acks and a 'af.a T.e! N.%. TIM>A )Oct. 1 ! 3;1;*! httpBGGwww.n'times.comG3;1;G1;G19G n're#ionG19water"ront.html. 193 . Atr,nsk'! su"ra note 1I=. 196 . #d. 19 . Atr,nsk'! su"ra note 1I=. 2 relie" checker pro-ides relie" or a +reak to checkers that ha-e +een workin# "or a lon# time. See %ollect.-e 7arga.n.ng Agreement /etween New York Sh."".ng Assoc.at.on1 #nc$ and #nternat.onal (ongshoremen;s Assoc.at.on1 A+(B%#O! N.%. A:ICCINE 2AA1N INC. at 6= )Oct. 1! 3;; *! httpBGGwww.n'sanet.or#Gpd"GC42.pd" )last -isited 2pr. 19! 3;13*.

31; %&#'#NA( AN) %#*#( %ON+#N,',NT KLol. 6IBnnn Kshi"tM he is assi#ned./199 These hearin#s demonstrated that or#ani$ed crime contin,es to ne#ati-el' in"l,ence the (ater"ront. 19J L. CONC?UAION The in"iltration o" the mo+ into the ,nions that ,nite the dock workers on the (ater"ront is not a m'th at all! +,t rather the realit' o" the state o" a""airs on the (ater"ront. The (CN%: is a watchdo# a#enc' that has +een "i#htin# or#ani$ed crime on the (ater"ront since the 199;s. Recent p,+lic hearin#s held +' the (CN%: e5posed the c,rrent stat,s o" the corr,ption and the C,+lic :earin# Report "rom March 31! 3;13 s,##ests -ario,s wa's to impro-e the conditions on the (ater"ront! some o" which wo,ld e5pand the Commission1s powers.19= 2"ter a massi-e takedown o" or#ani$ed crime mem+ers and associates on Jan,ar' 3;! 3;11! 84I Director Ro+ert A. M,eller! III stated! .Aome people +elie-e or#ani$ed crime is a thin# o" the past< ,n"ort,natel'! there are still people who e5tort! intimidate! and -ictimi$e innocent 2mericans./ 19I The Commission1s contin,ed e5istence and s,ccess! especiall' in recent 'ears a"ter -ario,s re"orms! 199 is a +eacon o" hope in an ind,str' that has +een +attlin# corr,ption "or decades. 2s it contin,es to ",l"ill its mission! let there +e no do,+t that the (ater"ront Commission has a p,rpose.

199 19J

Atr,nsk'! su"ra note 1I=. Waterfront %omm.ss.on;s S"ec.al &e"ort on 8u/l.c 2ear.ngs! (2T>R8RONT COMM1N! Mar. 31! 3;13! a-a.la/le at httpBGGwww.water"rontcommission.or#GnewsG(ater "rontQ3;CommissionQ3;o"Q3;NewQ3;%orkQ3;:ar+orQ3;ApecialQ3;Report.pd". 19= . #d$ 19I . Cress Release! Dep1t o" J,stice&O""ice o" C,+. 2""airs&2E! 91 ?eaders! Mem+ers and 2ssociates o" ?a Cosa Nostra 8amilies in 8o,r Districts Char#ed with Racketeerin# and Related Crimes! Incl,din# M,rder and >5tortion )Jan. 3;! 3;11*! httpBGGwww.wcn'h.or#GnewsGJ,sticeEo-O;1&3;&3;11OCressORelease.pd". 199 . In J,l' 3;;I! the Commission ,nderwent -ario,s re"orms! reor#ani$ation! and rededicated itsel" to its mission. See Cress Release! N.%. Atate Inspector Een.! (ater"ront Comm1n Cla#,ed 4' 2+,se and Corr,ption )2,#. 11! 3;;9*! httpBGGwww.i#.n'.#o-Gpd"sG(ater"rontQ3;CommissionQ3;Cla#,edQ3;4'Q3;2+,se Q3;andQ3;Corr,ption.pd"< see also Cress Release! (ater"ront Comm1n o" N.%. :ar+or! (CN%: Response to N%A IE KDra"tM Report )J,l' 16! 3;;9*! httpBGGwww.wcn'h.or#GnewsG(CN%:OIEOResponseO=&61&3;;9.pd".

. .

Вам также может понравиться