Lesson Plan Khyber Pass

Syed Azhar Hussain Shah

Applied linguistics Lexical Approach Socio linguistics Psycho linguistics Harvard Based Teaching Method John Lagan Method Application of 4Cs and 5Es Education Model Application of Modern Technology Application of Blooms Taxonomy.

Aim: Improvement in four language skills including grammar. Goals: Students will be able to:

Describe the historical value of Khyber Pass Give reasons & possible solutions Identify the topic sentence Find out the supporting details Interpret Vocabulary through context List phrases through key words Understand and apply stress in reading Write a short description

Course Content
Lesson Plan Model Brain Storming Kick Start (video) Reading Text Audio & Video Pod Casting True & False Statements Vocabulary in Context Collocation Word Formation Find Adjectives, Nouns, Verbs & Adverbs Conditional Clause Match Phonological Skill Development Pass on Pedagogy Conceptual Understanding Interviewing on the Topic Power Point Slides

Brain Storming: Pre-Reading

Execution note: Ask students close ended questions about the word cloud content. The
questions should be linked. Write the student-answers on board. It is suggested to ask in different categories and build a cluster or flow chart, take picture of the board. Revise the student-answers in rephrasing form after five or six answers.

The Khyber Pass

Reading Text

The Khyber Pass is the most important mountain pass connecting Pakistan with Afghanistan. It connects Kabul with Peshawar. The pass has historically been the gateway for invasions of the Indian subcontinent from the northwest. The name Khyber is also applied to the range of arid, broken hills through which the pass runs and which form the last spurs of the Spin Ghar. The Khyber Pass is a 53 -kilometer (33 miles) passage through Hindu Kush mountain range. It connects the northern frontier of Pakistan with Afghanistan. At its narrowest point, the pass is only three meters wide. On the north side of the Khyber Pass rise the towering, snow- covered mountains of the Hindu Kush. The Khyber Pass is one of most famous mountain passes in the world. It is also one of the most important passes between Afghanistan and Pakistan. It is the best land route between India and Pakistan. It has had a long and often violent history. Conquering armies have used the Khyber as a point of entry for their invasions. It has also been a major trade route for centuries. Throughout the history, it has been an important trade route for Central Asia and South Asia and a strategic military location for hundreds of years, great camel caravans travelled through the Khyber Pass, bringing goods to trade. These ancient merchants and traders brought luxurious silks and fine porcelain objects from China to the Middle East. Often, they stopped at Herat, the great oasis in western Afghanistan. The traders travelled in caravans as a protection against the hazards of travel. This most important pass, connecting Afghanistan and Pakistan is controlled by Pakistan. The pass summit is 5

kilometers inside Pakistan at Landi Kotal. The pass cuts through the Safed Koh mountains which are a far southeastern extension of the Hindu Kush range. The Khyber Pass winds through the safed koh range near Peshawar, Pakistan to Kabul, Afghanistan. It is varying in width from 3 to 137m. The mountains on either side can be climbed only at a few places. The pass is walled by precipitous cliffs that vary in height from about 180 to 300m. The pass reaches its highest elevation at the border between Afghanistan and Pakistan http://l.georges.online.fr/tools/cloze.html

Execution note: Lead the class to find topic sentence and supporting details of the
first paragraph. Divide the class into four or five groups to do the likewise from the remaining paragraphs. Let each group present findings and the class corrects the finding. Encourage the debate in the class and rectify them if they could not correct.

True & False statements:

o o o o o o o o o o o Khyber Pass is a mountain range. It connects Kabul with Peshawar. The pass summit is at Landi Kotal? The British constructed road through this pass. It does not attract tourists every year. Qissa Khawani Bazaar is not in Peshawar. The story of Khyber Pass is colorful. Safed Koh mountain range is an extension of Hindu Kush range Ahmed Shah Abdali was a famous Afghan King. Khyber Pass is now part of Afghanistan Mainly Pashtuns live around Khyber Pass.

Execution note: let the student groups read and solve the exercise and present their answer before the class for correction.

Vocabulary in context
1) The pass has historically been the gateway for invasions of the Indian subcontinent from the northwest. a) Pass b) Place c) palace 2) The name Khyber is also applied to the range of arid, broken hills through which the pass runs and which form the last spurs of the Spin Ghar. a) Wet b) Dry c) Salty d) sandy 3) It connects the northern frontier of Pakistan with Afghanistan. a) Links b) Loses c) Rests d) hates 4) On the north side of the Khyber Pass rise the towering, snowcovered mountains of the Hindu Kush. a) High b) Healthy c) Happy d) hilly 5) The Khyber Pass is one of most famous mountain passes in the world. a) Well-known b) Well-done c) Well-versed

d) Well-being 6) It is the best land route between India and Pakistan. It has had a long and often violent history. a) Lazy b) Lusty c) Noisy d) Quarrelsome 7) Conquering armies have used the Khyber as a point of entry for their invasion a) Losing b) Boiling c) Begging d) Winning 8) It has also been a major trade route for centuries. a) Important b) Beautiful c) Cunning d) wide 9) Throughout the history, it has been an important trade route for Central Asia and South Asia and a strategic military location for hundreds of years, great camel caravans travelled through the Khyber Pass, bringing goods to trade. a) Key b) Nice c) Nave d) cruel 10) These ancient merchants and traders brought luxurious silks and fine porcelain objects from the China to the Middle East. a) Lazy people b) Brave soldiers c) Old traders

d) Wise rulers 11) The sentinels of Khyber Pass are now interested in welfare of their country a) chiefs b) old men c) neigbours d) guardians 12) Aryans subjugated the indigenous Dravidian population in 1500 BC. a) Locals b) sharp c) brave d) innocent 13) Muhammad Ghauri showed his mettle on the field of Tarain. a) Determination b) Ability c) Both a & b d) None of these 14)The valiant sons of Khyber converged upon Peshawar in 1930 to give vent to their feeling of resentment against the indiscriminate firing of the British troops on the freedom lovers in the famous Qissa Khawani Bazaar. a) Came b) Came from all directions c) Came from all directions to one point d) None of these 15)Shahbuddin Muhammad Ghauri was a renowned ruler of Ghauri dynasty. a) Famous b) Good c) Decent d) Sweet

16)Foreign dignitaries including heads of states and government leaders e) A noble person f) A person with high position in society g) A brave person h) A wise person 17)As one drives through the Khyber Pass at leisurely pace, imagination unfolds the pages of history. i) Fast j) Slow k) Brisk l) Casual 18)The Khyber, in its chequered history, has seen countless invasions. a) beautiful b)fine c)colourful d)nice

Execution note: Solve the first question with class help and get the rest solved from the groups. Get their answers and announce the winner group. Explain the incorrect answers if any.

Word formation
Dictionary Skill Pass- passed-passing-passage High-highness-height-highest Vary-various- variance Near-nearing-nearly Protect-protection-protected-protecting Extend-extended-extension-extensive Hazard-hazardous Locate- location-located Invasion-invade-invaded Move-moving-movement-moved Link-linking-linkage-linked Refuge-refugee Conquer-conqueror-conquering-conquest Diverse-diversified-diversification Interest-interesting-interested Resent-resentment-resenting-resentful Defend-defended-defensive-defending Strength-strengthen-strengthening

Execution note: Write one word on the blackboard and lead students to make many from each. Push them to refer dictionary

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Collocation
Most important assignment Most important features Most important facts & figures Ancient merchants Ancient civilization Ancient trade Ancient people Ancient tradition Precipitous tower Precipitous inflation Precipitous growth Highest elevation Highest degree Highest number Narrowest point Narrowest distance Narrowest route Either side Either book Either class

Execution note: Write one word and ask students to add the suitable collocation. Write the answers on the blackboard. Encourage students to use these collocations in their sentences

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Highlight the adjectives, nouns, verb& adv:

The Khyber Pass is the most important mountain pass connecting Pakistan with Afghanistan. It connects Kabul with Peshawar. The pass has historically been the gateway for invasions of the Indian subcontinent from the northwest. The name Khyber is also applied to the range of arid, broken hills through which the pass runs and which form the last spurs of the Spin Ghar.

The Khyber Pass is a 53-kilometre (33 miles) passage through Hindu Kush mountain range. It connects the northern frontier of Pakistan with Afghanistan. At its narrowest point the pass is only three meters wide. On the north side of the Khyber Pass rises the towering, snow- covered mountains of the Hindu Kush. The Khyber Pass is one of most famous mountain passes in the world. It is also one of the most important passes between Afghanistan and Pakistan. It is the best land route between India and Pakistan. It has had a long and often violent history. Conquering armies have used the Khyber as a point of entry for their invasions. It has also been a major trade route for centuries. Throughout the history, it has been an important trade route for Central Asia and South Asia and a strategic military location for hundreds of years, great camel caravans travelled through the Khyber Pass, bringing goods to trade. These ancient merchants and traders brought luxurious silks and fine porcelain objects from China to the Middle East. Often, they stopped at Herat, the great oasis in western Afghanistan. The traders travelled in caravans as a protection against the hazards of travel.

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This most important pass, connecting Afghanistan and Pakistan is controlled by Pakistan. The pass summit is 5 kilometers inside Pakistan at Landi Kotal. The pass cuts through the Safed Koh mountains which are a far southeastern extension of the Hindu Kush range. The Khyber Pass winds through the safed koh range near Peshawar, Pakistan to Kabul, Afghanistan. It is varying in width from 3 to 137m. The mountains on either side can be climbed only at a few places. The pass is walled by precipitous cliffs that vary in height from about 180 to 300m. The pass reaches its highest elevation at the border between Afghanistan and Pakistan. Execution note: Divide the class into four groups ask each group to pick each part of speech from the text

Match condition with result

If you read books If you help others If they come in time If she completes work in time If they win match You will increase your knowledge People will be happy with you It will be a good example She can take rest They will rejoice

Execution note: Explain the concept of clause of condition and

clause of result and let the students solve the exercise. Ask students to find out nouns, adjectives, verbs and adverbs.

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Phonological Skill
Reading Competition (Soft & Hard) Sounds

The Khyber Pass is the most important mountain pass connecting Pakistan with Afghanistan. It connects Kabul with Peshawar. The pass has historically been the gateway for invasions of the Indian subcontinent from the northwest. The name Khyber is also applied to the range of arid, broken hills through which the pass runs and which form the last spurs of the Spin Ghar.

The Khyber Pass is a 53-kilometre (33 miles) passage through Hindu Kush mountain range. It connects the northern frontier of Pakistan with Afghanistan. At its narrowest point the pass is only three meters wide. On the north side of the Khyber Pass rise the towering, snow- covered mountains of the Hindu Kush. The Khyber Pass is one of most famous mountain passes in the world. It is also one of the most important passes between Afghanistan and Pakistan. It is the best land route between India and Pakistan. It has had a long and often violent history. Conquering armies have used the Khyber as a point of entry for their invasions. It has also been a major trade route for centuries. Throughout the history, it has been an important trade route for Central Asia and South Asia and a strategic military location for hundreds of years, great camel caravans travelled through theKhyber Pass, bringing goods to trade.

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These ancient merchants and traders brought luxurious silks and fine porcelain objects from China to the Middle East. Often, they stopped at Herat, the great oasis in western Afghanistan. The traders travelled in caravans as a protection against the hazards of travel.

This most important pass, connecting Afghanistan and Pakistan is controlled by Pakistan. The pass summit is 5 kilometers inside Pakistan at Landi Kotal. The pass cuts through the Safed Koh mountains which are a far south eastern extension of the Hindu Kush range. The Khyber Pass winds through the safed koh range near Peshawar, Pakistan to Kabul, Afghanistan. It is varying in width from 3 to 137m. The mountains on either side can be climbed only at a few places. The pass is walled by precipitous cliffs that vary in height from about 180 to 300m. The pass reaches its highest elevation at the border between Afghanistan and Pakistan.

Execution note: Explain the hard and soft sounds, make students
listen pod cast recording or teacher should read, afterwards, the teacher should conduct group reading competition. Announce the winner.

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Inference
The Khyber Pass winds through the safed koh range near Peshawar, Pakistan to Kabul, Afghanistan. It is varying in width from 3 to 137m. The mountains on either side can be climbed only at a few places. The pass is walled by precipitous cliffs that vary in height from about 180 to 300m. The pass reaches its highest elevation at the border between Afghanistan and Pakistan. The mountains are difficult to climb Safed Koh range is stretched from Pakistan to Afghanistan The mountains have quite steep peaks.

Pass on Pedagogy
Small Task Information Break up Assignment -Presentation - Discussion

Physical perspective (Student Group-A) 53 km passage through the Hindu Kush Width varies from 3 to 137 meters Mountain cliffs encircle the pass Pakistan controls the pass Connects Kabul with Peshawar

Historical perspective (Student Group-B) 326 BC Alexander used this pass to attack India 1500 BC Aryans used it and settled in India 997AD Muslims launched their attack on India 1761 AD Ahmed Shah Abdali crossed it to deal with Maratha confederacy 1839 AD British troops marched through Khyber pass to attack Afghanistan

Trade (Student Group-C)

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Tourist attraction Rail, motor way and traditional caravans route are functional Silk and Porcelain were main trade items Trade took place from Chain to the Middle East

Important people (Student Group-D) Durranis, Mughals,Turks,Mongols,Seljuks,Persians and Greeks Ahmed Shah, Nadir Shah, Babur and Taimur Muhammad Ghaznavi & Muhammad Ghouri

Execution note: let the groups find points about the topic given and

they should discuss it and present their findings before class.

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Conceptual Understanding
Class room debate questions Who are mainly the people of Khyber Pass?------------------Pashtuns Do they live both sides of this pass?----------------------yes With what they are connected?------railroad, motorway Which country controls this pass Pakistan or Afghanistan? ------------Pakistan What two cities does it connect? ---- Peshawar and Kabul What famous bazaar is in Peshawar? ----------- Qissa Khawani Bazaaar What incident is related with this bazzar?----------- Fighting incident When did it happen? ---------------- 1930 Who fired at Muslims in 1930 British troops or American ? --------------- British troops Did British troops also fight with Afghanistan?-------------Yes How many wars did the British and Afghans fight t?--------------------Three Does the Pass has a war history? ------------------ Yes Please tell which wars happened between what parties? What has been the other use of Khyber Pass?----------------- Trade, tourism What things were traded at that time? Porcelain and silk What were the means of trade?--- camels What mountain range these camel had to cross?---- Hindu Kush What is the mountain peak in Hindu Kush this pass is located in?----Safed Koh What is the other use of this pass in these days? ------tourism Why do you think this passage was used for wars? What is the main idea of this lesson?------- to tell you the history or to make you realize the importance of this pass or to tell you that your country owns this

Execution note: Lead the debate in the class write the student- answers on the board, take the photo shot of the board and finish the debate with assignment question of the importance of Khyber Pass in written form and that writing of the winning student be then posted on the school board. Please get the main and implied main idea determined by the student

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