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lood for growLh
Cnly green planLs make
food (Lrees, shrubs, algae).
1hey are known as
auLoLrophs
Pumans and oLher anlmals
eaL Lhe food LhaL planLs
make, or eaL oLher anlmals
We are called heLeroLrophs
1he mass of all maLerlals ln
a planL ls called blomass
Pow do planLs make Lhelr food?
ln Lhe 17
Lh
cenLury, !an van
PelmonL (uuLch sclenusLs)
belleved blomass of a planL
came from [usL waLer
Pe planLed a wlllow Lree
(welghL of 1 kg) ln a poL
wlLh 90 kg of dry soll
Pe covered Lhe soll wlLh a
plece of un wlLh loLs of
holes, allowed only
ralnwaLer Lhrough
llve years laLer = Lhe Lree
welghed 100 kg
Pow do planLs make Lhelr food?
ls waLer Lhe only requlremenL?
WheaL seeds placed ln dlsulled (pure) waLer
Aer Lwo monLhs, Lhe wheaL seed germlnaLed
1herefore, planLs do need waLer
Pow do planLs make Lhelr food?
1o deLermlne whaL planLs need, several
experlmenLs need Lo be conducLed
1o deLermlne lf planLs Lake anyLhlng from Lhe
alr:
A daLalogger, used Lo record Lhe levels of carbon
dloxlde amongsL Lhe leaves of planLs, can be seL
up
1he resulL would be as follows
3),( 4 /, 5 /, 6 /, 77 /, 4 -, 5 -, 6 -, 77 -,
CC2
concenL
rauon
amongsL
leaves
423 332 300 283 280 287 333 380
hoLosynLhesls
lanL leaves are llke llule
food facLorles
1he raw maLerlals used by
planLs Lo make food are
Carbon dloxlde: Laken from
Lhe alr Lhrough pores ln Lhe
leaves
WaLer: absorbed from Lhe soll
by Lhe rooLs
1he energy for Lhe process
of maklng food comes from
sunllghL
1he process ls known as
phoLosynLhesls
Cas exchange durlng phoLosynLhesls
lanLs Lake ln carbon
dloxlde durlng
phoLosynLhesls
ln 1772, !oseph
rlesLley dlscovered
LhaL planLs produce a
gas as well durlng
phoLosynLhesls
1he gas ls oxygen
1esung for Lhe presence of oxygen
1hls was shown uslng Lhe
followlng experlmenL:
ond weed (!"#$%&) was placed ln
a beaker of waLer, wlLh an upslde-
down funnel placed over lL
A llghL source was shone onLo Lhe
planL
Cas produced was collecLed ln a
LesL Lube placed over Lhe funnel
1he gas wlll rellghL a glowlng
spllnL, Lherefore lL ls oxygen
LlghL lnLenslLy: as llghL lnLenslLy
lncreases, so does oxygen
producuon up Lo a polnL. lL Lhen
levels ouL
hoLosynLhesls
Carbon dloxlde + waLer ! oxygen and glucose
Clucose ls produced durlng phoLosynLhesls
lL ls a soluble sugar
1o keep Lhe concenLrauon consLanL ln cells, Lhe
cells coverL any exLra glucose lnLo lnsoluble
sLarch
?ou can LesL for sLarch as a slgn of phoLosynLhesls
Lnergy (sunllghL)
1he sLarch LesL
SLarch Lurns brown lodlne Lo a blue-black
colour
1he need for chlorophyll
Chlorophyll ls Lhe green
subsLance ln leaves
Some leaves have green
parLs (conLalnlng
chlorophyll) and whlLe
parLs (no chlorophyll)
1hese leaves are
varlegaLed
WlLhouL chlorophyll, a
leaf cannoL Lrap and use
Lhe llghL lL needs Lo make
food
Chlorophyll
WhaL happens lf you LesL varlegaLed leaves for
sLarch?
A closer look aL Lhe leaf
1he cells ln Lhe planL
leaf LhaL play a role ln
phoLosynLhesls are
called pallsade cells
ln each pallsade cell,
Lhere are sLrucLures
called chloroplasLs
(conLaln chlorophyll)
1he producLs of phoLosynLhesls
Clucose
lanLs use glucose for maklng
sLarch. 1hey sLore Lhe sLarch ln
rooLs, sLems leaves, frulLs,
seeds
use lL for releaslng energy for
cell processes
Maklng new maLerlals llke
proLelns and olls
Some glucose ls used up Lo
release energy, whlle mosL ls
used Lo lncrease Lhe blomass
of Lhe planL
hup://www.youLube.com/
waLch?
v=1gLa3LWn9Cl&feaLure=fvsL
8ooLs, waLer and mlnerals
lanL rooLs are lmporLanL for anchorage, and
for Laklng up waLer from Lhe soll
- SLem (conLalns waLer-
carrylng cells LhaL go
from Lhe rooLs Lo Lhe
leaves)
- 8ooLs (spread ouL and
branched)
- 8ooL halrs (creaLe a large
surface area for Lhe absorpuon
of waLer)
lanL 8ooLs
8ooL halr cells, llke oLher
llvlng cells, need oxygen for
resplrauon
1he oxygen ls needed Lo
release energy from food
for Lhe cell's llfe processes
1hey geL oxygen and waLer
from Lhe surroundlng soll
lanLs cannoL survlve ln
waLerlogged soll (less
dlssolved oxygen)
hup://www.youLube.com/
waLch?v=?ll0lcsCmul
Pow planLs use waLer
Coollng leaves - waLer
escapes from pores ln
leaves. Lvaporauon
leads Lo coollng
(Lransplrauon)
lormlng frulLs and
owers - frulLs need
waLer Lo swell up
WaLer - for
phoLosynLhesls
Cell growLh -
waLer enLers
cells, pushes
Lhem ouL and
sLreLches Lhem
Makes planL cells rm -
waLer lnslde cells makes
Lhem rm, helps supporL
Lhe planL
1he use of mlnerals
WaLer ln soll conLalns mlnerals, such as
nlLraLes, dlssolved ln lL
lanLs need nlLraLes Lo make proLelns
roLelns are used Lo make and repalr cells
Creen planLs and Lhe envlronmenL
Mllllons of years ago, Lhere was no oxygen ln
Lhe aLmosphere
Larly green planLs, Lhrough phoLosynLhesls,
conLrlbuLed oxygen
Cxygen and carbon dloxlde levels are now
balanced
Cxygen (12) and Carbon dloxlde (0.03 - 0.04)
Cycllng of gases by planLs
hoLosynLhesls
(green planLs)
Cxygen ln Lhe
aLmosphere
8esplrauon ln all llvlng
cells
Carbon dloxlde ln
Lhe aLmosphere
MalnLalnlng Lhe balance beLween
Cxygen and Carbon dloxlde
!"#$#%&'$"(%)%: carbon dloxlde + waLer ! glucose + oxygen
8(%-)./9#': glucose + oxygen ! carbon dloxlde + waLer + energy
energy
- ;#.(%$% < #0(/'%:
blggesL conLrlbuLors
of C
2
. As more foresL
are cuL down and
more polluuon
enLers Lhe ocean,
less CC
2
ls removed
from Lhe aLmosphere
Creenhouse gases
CC
2
ls a greenhouse gas
MeLhane and sulphur
dloxlde are greenhouse
gases as well
Creenhouse gases prevenL
heaL escaplng lnLo space
SclenusLs belleve Lhe
LarLh's LemperaLure ls
lncreaslng due Lo lncreased
green house gases = global
warmlng
hup://www.youLube.com/
waLch?v=Cxuk21lzC4g
Why we need Lo proLecL Lhe
envlronmenL
Conservauon ls Lhe
proLecuon of Lhe
envlronmenL and of llvlng
Lhlngs
We need Lo conserve
foresLs, oceans, and oLher
places where planLs and
anlmals llve
loresLs:
Pelp Lo malnLaln Lhe
balance of gases ln Lhe
aLmosphere, proLecLs us
from cllmaLe change
rovldes us wlLh umber,
frulLs, nuLs, medlclnes,
rubber
loresLs need Lo be
managed Lo malnLaln
susLalnablllLy
rovlde a home for
anlmals, lncreases
blodlverslLy
Croup dlscusslon - food or fuel?
We can use blomass for food and fuel
lood crops (e.g. malze) can be used Lo make
fuel
1hls ls known as blofuel
!2/'$ !.#=>0$ ;##= >%( ?)#1>(2 >%(
Sugar Cakes, sweeL LLhanol (alcohol)
8apeseed, corn
oll, palm oll
Cooklng oll,
margarlne
8lodlesel