Observational study of heterotic effect of different Cotton genetic combinations through Cytoplasmic male sterility and fertility Restoration

Genes under field conditions. * Dr. Zar Quresh, slamabad. !bstract: Cotton is the most important cash and industrial crop of Pakistan grown on an area of about 7.5 million acres It is generally believed in Pakistan, that cotton conventional varieties are as good as hybrids. aving worked and developed hybrids in sunflower, canola and a number of vegetables and having e!perimented their hybrids, it was not possible for me to acknowledge that varieties and hybrids of cotton are similar in yield and other "uality characters. In order to investigate it, I started work on it in my field in #wabi, $urlandi village. %irst of all I collected cotton promising varieties from different sources across the country and out of country. %rom these, after & years of hard work and raising two generations of cotton I developed following ', ( and ) lines on the basis good performance. C*# lines+##,-, ##,,, ##.7,##/,##,0,##..,##.,##7,##1,##.&,##.. and ##.2 )estorer 3ines+#),&, #)5, #),5,#).,,#),- #)0. %rom their cross combinations hybrid seed was obtained in 4ctober, .-,. $he hybrid seed along with their parents was planted in observational trial replicated two times in 5 meter 5 -.75 meter wide rows and only yield data from ,- representative plants recorded in #ep, .-,/.

Yield data of cotton hybrid trial and parents dated 23 Sep, 2013 1 SNO NAME OF Y!E"# !N $% &E 'ectare C OSS 1 2 3 ) , . + SS10( S SS10( S SS10( S SS10( S SS10( S SS10( S SS10( S 1) 21 , 10 1, 11 . A/era0e1112,1 * SS11( S 12 1.3-, 13102 *+*2 -1)+ 2--. 1*3-0 12.1, 13+30 +*+.2

10 11 12 13 1)

SS11( S SS11( S SS11( S SS11( S SS11( S SS11( S

21 10 , 1, . 1) A/era0e11),+3

-*+122.. 12)+, 1.-12 1)),) 1-.2102010 10,,) 10.., 12)*) -*.) 11++3 100-2 10*1, +.2)+ A/era0e110*-2 -200 11-** 1)1*13),1 *+.0

1, 1. 1+ 1* 120 21

SS2+( S SS2+( S SS2+( S SS2+( S SS2+( S SS2+( S SS2+( S

1) 21 , 10 1, 11 .

22 23 2) 2, 2.

SS3 ( S SS3 ( S SS3 ( S SS 3 ( S SS3 ( S

11 1) . , 1

2+ SS3 ( S 10 2* SS3 ( S 21

230 31 32 33 3) 3,

SS2*( S SS2* (S SS2*( S SS2* (S SS2* (S SS2* (S SS2* (S

21 1) , 10 1, 11 .

3. 3+ 3* 3-

SS1. (S SS1. (S SS1. (S SS1. (S

1, 21 , 1)

-.)) 11++* +-010 A/era0e1112*+ 1*02* 1*213 10+30 13,01 -,.. +)01 ).*) *2123 A/era0e111+32 1*+0) 1+13. 1031+ 10-2-

)0 SS1. (S 11 )2 SS1. (S 10 )3 SS1. (S .

)) ), ). )+ )* ),0

SS2(S SS2(S SS2(S SS2(S SS2(S SS2(S SS2(S

10 11 1, . , 1) 21

,1 ,2 ,3 ,) ,, ,. ,+

SS+( S SS+( S SS+( S SS+( S SS+( S SS+( S SS+( S

. , 1, 1) 21 11 10

,* ,.0 .1 .2 .3 .)

SS-(S SS-(S SS-(S SS-(S SS-(S SS-(S SS-(S

1) 21 , 10 1, 11 .

., .. .+ .* .+0 +1 +2

SS2)(S SS2)(S SS2)(S SS2)(S SS2)(S SS2)(S SS2)(S SS2)(S

3) 10 11 1, . , 1) 21

+-+2 +,.,*,) +*)*1 A/era0e111211 13*0, 1)2,1)213 -002 *10+ -1--*++*).) A/era0e111201232. 1),+. +232 ,02+ ,,1.0010*10 .1)-A/era0e1*+*, .0010*10 ,2*) 12132 *1-+ *01+ 120,+ .2,0. A/era0e1*-2.*-,*,) +0., ,12* 10))3 11*.0 .*-3 )2+, ,*)1+

A/era0e1*3), +3 +) +, +. ++ +* +Cotton &arental "ines data SS22(S 1) SS22(S , SS22(S 1, SS22(S . SS22(S 11 SS22(S 10 SS22(S 21 +,2+ ,).. .*+2 *1++ *+0* 3.1+ )..+ ),03) A/era0e1.)33 .**1 .122 .30+ +2-2 ,*)3 .3++ ,.), ,+2. .30+ ,.++ )010 3.-+ )20, ),3. .203 +)0+.,3 ,1.1 )-.)

-0 -1 -2 -3 -) -, -. -+ -* -100 101 102 103 10) 10, 10. 10+ 10*

A/era0e of hybrids1-*3+ 2O 3EN SM22 SM1. SM10 SMSM11 SM+ SM2) SM2 SM2* SM2+ SM3 S . S 11 S 1, S 10 S 21 S , S 1) A/era0e of SM parents1,+-04 2.

)esults show that on the average hybrids e!hibited 7-6 more yield than average of all the parents. $he full detail of the e!periment along with rough calculations reproduced above also show that ##,, followed by ##,- and ##.2 are showing good 7C' while #) ,5 and #),& are the best in 7C'.

$he above results clearly indicate that hybrids are at least higher yielder than the parents by more than 5-6. In Pakistan there is huge acreage of cotton of about 7.5 million acres and for the last one decade, statistics show that per unit yield is not going up and the growth curve is almost flattened. It is high time that we tune up our program and start moving to hybrids. 8nfortunately, most of intelligentsia and high echelon of 7overnment and #cientists are shy to engage them selves in this high foreign e!change earning crop and ma9or 9ob provider to man power in te!tile industry. :ith the present conventional and conservative approach and high production cost on per unit bale, it is apprehended that farmers may lose interest in its cultivation. (esides, high yield hybrids have a number of benefits in "uality and "uality can be improved in the shortest possible time. If, high yielding hybrids replace the e!isting production of ,..&5 million bales of lint cotton the production will 9ump to ,2 million bales which will not only feed our te!tile industry but will produce surplus for e!port. (ut, unfortunately due to vested interests of *ultinationals and some of the local elite are pushing for import of improved cotton due to their self interest. $his is my re"uest not to go for imported seed and charm, stand on your own feet to rid the farming community from the clutches of barbarism.