12 Maths B Revision Sheet Mid Semester 4 - 2011

Date of Exam: Tuesday 6th September Length: 2 Hours Criteria: Communication and Justification Knowledge and Procedures Modelling and Problem Solving Topics: 14 Optimisation using deriviatives (Exercises 14.1, 14.3, 14.4, 15.1, 15.2,15.3 plus handouts and handbook) 15 Exponential and Log functions (Exercises 18.5-18.6 plus handouts and handbook up to handbook worksheet 15.3)
____________________________________________________________________________ Optimization using derivatives 1. Find the second derivative of the following functions: (a) 4 x 3 (b) x 4 2 x 2 + 6 x 3
(g) (2 x + 3) 4

(c) 8 7 x 2 x 3
(h)

(d)

2 (e) x 3 2 x 2 + x 1 x

(f) ( x + 2)( x 2 + 1)

x (i) 4 x + 2 x +1 2. Use the second derivative to determine the nature of turning points of the following: (a) y = 2 x 2 4 x + 3 (b) y = 6 2 x x 2 (c) y = x 3 3 x 2 + 2 (d) y = 2 x 3 + 2 x 2 2 x 1 2 (e) y = x 4 32 x + 48 (f) y = x 3 + 3 x 2 9 x 11 (g) y = x 2 (h) y = x 4 2 x 2 + 2 x 3. Find the stationary points and their nature for the following functions: 1 5x 3 (a) y = x 3 12 x (b) y = 4 x 2 + (c) y = 2 (d) y = ( x 3) 3 x x 1 4. Find the greatest and least values of the following functions for the given intervals: (a) 2 x 2 + 4 x 7, 2 x 2 (b) 5 2 x x 2 , 3 x 3
(c) x 3 3x 2 + 9 x + 12, 4 x 4 (d) 7 + 15 x 6 x 2 x 3 , 6 x 6 (e) ( x 6)(1 x)( x + 2), 5 x 5 (f) ( x 2)( x + 3)( x + 6), 5 x 5 4 4 (g) x + , 3 x 1 (h) x 2 , 4 x 4 (greatest value only) x x

(i)

9 , 2 x 2 (least value only) 3 x 4 x2 3 (h) y = 2 x 4

5. Sketch the following curves:

(a) y = x 3 3 x (e) y =

(b) y = 4 + 3x x 3

(c) y = x 4 2 x 2

(d) y =

4x + 1 x2 4 (f) y = (g) y = x + 2x 1 x +1 x 2 x 3 (i) y = (h) y = 2 2 ( x 4) 4x 9 6. In the triangle ABC, the angle C is a right angle and the sum of the sides CA and CB is 12cm. Find the maximum area of the triangle. 7. A rectangle has a perimeter of 32cm. what dimensions would give the rectangle maximum area? 8. Find the dimensions of the cylindrical can of greatest volume that can be made from 150 cm2 of sheet metal. 9. A rectangular block with a square base has a total surface area of 216 square cm. Find the maximum volume of the block. 10. A rectangular box, with a lid, has a base twice as long as it is wide and a total surface area of 300 square cm. Find the maximum volume of the box. 11. The surface area of an open cylindrical can is 300 square cm. Find the maximum volume. 12. The volume of a cylindrical block is 250 cubic cm. Find the minimum surface area. 13. A window of fixed perimeter is in the shape of a rectangle surmounted by a semi-circle. Show that its area is greatest when the width equals the height. 14. A manufacturer determines the selling price ( p ) of each unit which he produces by the formula p = 600 5n where p is in dollars and n is the number of units produced. The total cost (C ) of producing n units is given by C = 1500 + 150n 6n 2 + 0.5n 3 where C is in dollars. Find the value of n for which his profits are greatest. (0 < n 100) 15. The running costs of a ship are 115(1.024 + 0.001v 3 ) dollars per hour when the speed is v knots. Find the cost for a voyage of d nautical miles and determine the most economical speed. 16. A number of years ago a truck was to be driven 200km at a constant speed of x km per x2 litres per hour. The driver hour. Fuel cost 20 cents per litre and was used at the rate of 5 + 200 received $2.60 per hour. What was the most economical speed and the cost of the trip at this speed (i) if there was no speed limit, and (ii) if the speed limit was 50 km per hour? v3 , where v is 17. If the cost of a voyage, $C per hour, is given by the equation C = 16 + 1000 the speed in knots, what is the most economical speed? 18. If n is the quantity of eggs for sale in hundreds and p is the selling price of eggs in cents per hundred, it is known that p = 500 2n . How many eggs must be sold if proceeds are to be as great as possible?

Exponential and Log Functions

1. Calculate the amount available after $10 000 has been deposited for 5 years at: a) 6 % p.a. compounded annually b) 8 % p.a. compounded monthly.

2. Calculate the amount (present value) that must be invested to yield: a) $5000 after 5 years at 8% per annum compounded annually b) $7500 after 8 years at 6.25 % per annum compounded quarterly c) $250 000 after 30 years at 5% per annum compounded fortnightly.

3. Calculate the annual interest rate that is required for: a) $500 to amount to $1000 after 6 years b) $12 000 to amount to $20 000 after 8 years.

4. How long will a person need to have $6000 invested before the amount in the account is $10 000 if the interest rate is 5.25% p.a. compounded annually?

5. Sara made a deposit into an investment account at the beginning of 1998. The investment account attracted an interest rate of a constant 6.25% per annum. She found that at the beginning of January 2001, she had a total of $25 000 in the account. How much money did she deposit initially?

6. Calculate the value of an investment of $15 000 if the money is deposited at: a) 4 years at 6% per annum compounded continuously b) 8 years at 5.5% per annum compounded continuously c) 45 months at 7.25% per annum compounded continuously. 7. Carolyn borrows $12 000 and agrees to pay $2000 in two months and $4500 in six months. What final payment should she make 18 months from now to settle her debt if interest is 6.5% compounded monthly? 8. A new car was purchased in 1974 for $2450.The average inflation rate between 1974 and 2001 was approximately 4% per annum. What would have been the equivalent value of the same type of car in 2001 if only inflation was taken into account? If the actual cost of an equivalent car in 2001 was $21 500, what was the average percentage increase per annum in the price of the car over the period, over and above the inflation rate?

Geometric Progressions Exercise 1

1. Which of the following are geometric sequences? (a) 2, 4, 8, 16, . (f) 2, 7, 12, 17, 8 16 4 (b) -1, -3, -9, -27, (g) 2 3 , 9 , 27 , 81 , . (c) 1, 4, 9, 25, (h) 20, 15, 10, 20 3 , .
1 1 (d) 1 2 , 6 , 18 , 1 54

(i) m, mn, mn 2 , mn 3 ..

(e) 81, -27, 9, -3 (j) 1, (1 + p ), (1 + p) 2 , (1 + p ) 3 , .. 2. Find the common ratio of each of the following G.P.s: (a) 1, 3, 9, .. (f) 12, -8, 5 1 3 , (b) 8, 16, 32, . (g) 1, 0.1, 0.01, (c) 5, -25, 125, (h) 6, -9, 27 2 , .. 8 (d) 5, 15, 45, .. (i) 18, 4, 9 , . 16 (e) 4, 6, 9, . (j) 3, 4 3 , 27 , . 3. Find the first four terms of the geometric sequences described below: (a) a = 3, r = 2 (f) a = m, r = p (b) a = 2, r = 3 (g) a = 2, t 5 = 162 1 (c) a = 1, r = 5 (h) t8 = 10 2 3 , a = 12 (d) a = 2, r = 3 (i) t 2 = 15, t 5 = 1875 2 (e) a = 5, r = 2 (j) a = 3 4 , t11 = 81t 7 4. Find the number of terms in each of the following G.P.s: (a) 7, 21, 63, .. , 1701 (f) 4096, 1024, 256, , 1 1 1 (b) 32, 16, 8, , 32 (g) 243, 81, 27, , 243
(c)
3 , 3, 3 3 , ... , 243

(h) 1 7,

1 7

, 1, ... , 2401 7
3 128

(d) 1, 5, 25, , 3125

(i) 96, 48, 24, ,

3 128 (e) 1, 2 , 2, ... , 32 2 (j) 10, 4, 1 5 , ... , 3125 5. The first term of a G.P. is 8 and the fourth term is 27. Find the second and third terms. 15 6. Find the geometric sequence whose second term is 15 and whose eighth term is 729 . 7. If x, 18, 12 are in geometric sequence, find x. 8. If 3, 9, y are in geometric sequence, find y. 1 9. If 2 3 , m, 1 2 are in geometric sequence, find m . 10. Find the nth and (k + 1)th terms of the geometric sequences that follow: 1 (d) 1, -2, 4, (a) 1, 1 3 , 9 , ...

(b) 32, 24, 18, (c) 2 , 2, 2 2 , ...

(e)

1 p

, 1, p, ...
3 1 m3

(f) m , m,

, ...

Exercise 2:
1. Find the sums of the following geometric series: (a) 1 + 2 + 4 + (to 8 terms) (b) 27 + 9 + 3 + (to 15 terms) (c) 1 - 1.1 + 1.21 1.331 (to 7 terms) (d) 8 + 16 + 32 + (to 6 terms) 1 (e) 1 1 4 - 2 2 + 5 10 (to 9 terms) (f) 1 + 0.5 + 0.25 + (to 10 terms) (g) 20 + 30 + 45 + (to 15 terms) (h) 1 + 3 + 32 + (to 10 terms) 2. How many terms of the sequences 3, 6, 12, must be added to amount to 1533? 3. Find the sum of each of the following series: (a) 5 + 10 + 20 + + 640 (c) 3072 + 1536 + 768 + + 3 (b) 7 + 21 + 63 + + 5103 (d) 4 + 4 3 + 12 + + 972 + must be added for the sum to be first greater 4. How many terms of the series 2 + 3 + 4 1 2 than 100? 5. The seventh term of a G.P. is 40 1 and the fourth term is 1 1 . Find the sum of the first 10 2 2 terms. 6. The first term of a geometric series is 8 and its common ratio is 0.6. Find (a) the sixth terms, and (b) the sum of the first six terms. 7. The first term of a geometric series is 5 and the ninth term is 405. Find (a) the eleventh term, and (b) the sum of the first eleven terms. 8. An employee begins working with a company on a salary of $20 000 per annum. Her salary increases by 10% per year. (a) How much will she earn in the tenth year of her employment? (b) What total salary will has been paid to her during the first ten years of her employment? 9. $5000 is invested at 12% p.a. compound interest. Interest is added on the first day of January each year. The money was deposited in the account on 1 January 2000. What will be the amount in the account on 1 January 2011? 10. A new car was bought for $24 000. After one year it is worth $20 400 and it is worth $17 340 when it is two years old, Calculate: (a) the yearly rate of depreciation (b) the value of the car at the end of 9 years if it continues to depreciate at the same rate (c) when the car will be worth half of its new value. 11. A rechargeable battery will operate a toy for 9 hours before it has to be recharged. After the first recharge it will run the toy for 6 hours. After the second recharge it lasts for 4 hours, and so on for subsequent recharges. (a) How long will the battery last after the sixth recharge? (b) By drawing a graph, find the useful life of the battery. 12. Australias population grows at the rate of about 1.2% per year. In 1986 there were 15.7 million Australians. Assuming that he growth rate for the population remains constant: (a) What was the population in 1999? (b) When will the population reach 25 million?

ANSWERS Optimization using derivatives

1. (a) 24 x (b) 12 x 2 4 (c) 12 x (d) 4 (e) 6 x 4 (f) 6 x + 4 (g) 48(2 x + 3) 2 x3 (h)

(4 x + 2) 3 2. (a) (1, 1) min (b) (-1, 7) max (c) (0, 2) max, (2, -2) min (d) ( 13 ,110 27) min, (-1, 1) max (e) (2,0) min (f) (1, -16) min, (-3, 16) max (g) (1, 3) min (h) (0, 2) max, (1, 1) min, (-1, 1) min 3. (a) (-2, 16) max, (-2, 16) min (b) ( 1 2 ,3) min (c) ( 15 , 25 2 ) min, (5, 1 2 ) max (d) (3, 0) PHI 4. (a) 9, -9 (b) 6, -10 (c) 17, -64 (d) 15, -335 (e) 198, 400 27 (f) 264, -36 (g) -4, -5 (h) 3 3 4 (i) 2 4 5 5.

2 (i) ( x + 1) 3

6. 18cm2 7. 8cm by 8cm 8. r=5cm, h=10cm 9. 216cm3 10. 333 13 11. 12. 1503 cm3 14. 18 15. $ 17. 20 knots 18. 12500 Exponential and Log Functions
1. (a) $13382.26 2. (a) $3402.92 3. (a) 12.25% p.a. 4. 10 years 5. $20842.66 6. (a) $19068.74 7. $6243.53 8. (a) $7064.25 (b) $14898.46 (b) $4566.60 (b) 6.59% p.a.
3

1000

cm3

115d (1.024 + 0.001v ) , 8 knots 16. (i) 60 km/h, $24.40 v

(c) $55862.95

(b) $23290.61 (b) 4.38%

(c) $19686.34

Geometric Progressions - Exercise 1

1. (a) Y (b) Y (c) N (d) Y (e) Y (f) N (g) N (h) N (i) Y (j) Y 2. (a) 3 (b) 2 (c) -5 (d) 3 (e) 1 1 2 (f) -2/3 (g) 0.1 (h) -1.5 (i) 2/9 (j) 4/9 3. (a) 3, 6, 12, 24 (b) 2, -6, 18, -54 (c) -1, -5, -25, -125 (d) 2, 3, 4.5, 6.75 (e) 5, 5 2 , 10, 10 2 (f) m, mp, mp2, mp3 (g) 2, 6, 18, 54 (h) 1/12, 1/6, 1/3, 2/3 (i) 3, 15, 75, 375 (j) , 9/4, 27/4, 81/4 4. (a) 6 (b) 11 (c) 10 (d) 6 (e) 12 (f) 7 (g) 11 (h) 12 (i) 13 (j) 7 5. 12, 18 6. a = 45, r = 1/3 7. 27 8. 27 9. m = 1 n 1 k n 1 2 n 7 10. (a) 1 / 3 , 1 / 3 (b) 3 / 2 , 3 k / 2 2 k 5 (c) 2 2 n / 2 , 21+ k / 2 (d) (-2)n-1, (-2)k (e) p n 2 , p k 1 (f) m 2 n+5 , m 2 k +3

Geometric Progressions - Exercise 2

1. (a) 256 (b) 40.5 (c) 1.404 (d) 504 (e) 213.75 2. 9 3. (a) 1275 (b) 7651 (c) 6141 (d) 2294 4. 9 5. 1640 6. (a) 0.622 (b) 19.1 7. (a) 1215 (b) 2868 8. (a) $47160 (b) $ 318748 9. $17392.75 10. (a) 15% (b) $5559 (c) In the fifth year 11. (a) 0.79 h (b) About 27 h 12. (a) 18.3 million (b) About 2025 (f) 1.998 (g) 17476 (h) 29524

Accidental errors are possible. Please discuss any errors with your teacher.