ZXC10 BSSB RSSI Alarm Troubleshooting Guide R1 1

ZXC10 BSSB RSSI Alarm Troubleshooting Guide
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ZXC10 BSSB RSSI Alarm Troubleshooting Guide Internal Use Only
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Re'ision (istor)
&roduct *ersion +ocument *ersion 1+0 1+1 Serial "umber Reason ,or Re'ision -irst 'ublished Se.ond amendment
Author
+ate )010/#/1! )010/"/12 +ocument *ersion 1+0 1+1 &repared b) Xiang 0i1ie Xiang 0i1ie Re'ie-ed b) Appro'ed b)
II
Applicable to. ZXC10/BSS te.hni.al su''ort engineers
&roposal. Be,ore reading this document/ )ou had better ha'e the ,ollo-ing kno-ledge and
skills0 S!1 1 ) 7 2no-ledge and skills C34A/BSSB S5ills Certi%i.ation 6e,el II Re,erence material
#ollo-3up document. A,ter reading this document/ )ou ma) need the ,ollo-ing
in,ormation S!1 1 ) 7 Re,erence material In,ormation
III
About This +ocument

Summar)
Chapter 1 O,er,ie8 +escription Introdu.es the summary9 a''li.ation and readers o% this do.ument9 as 8ell as the s5ill re:uirements %or onsite su''ort engineers+ 3is.usses the basi. RSSI 5no8ledge+ 3es.ribes the .ommon abnormal RSSI 'henomena+ 6ists the tools re:uired %or handling an abnormal RSSI 'roblem+ 3etails the methods and 'ro.edures %or handling abnormal RSSI 'roblems+ Analy>es se,eral abnormal RSSI .ases+ Introdu.es RSSI :uery method and re,erse s'e.trum s.anning method+
) Starting ;ere 7 -ault &henomenon < -ault 6o.ation Tool ! Troubleshooting Ste's = Case Study =+! Re%eren.es
I?
TAB6$ O- CO*T$*TS
1 $'er'ie- 1 1+1 Summary++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++1 1+) Abbre,iation++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++1 1+7 &rodu.t ?ersion++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++1 1+< Intended Reader+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++1 1+! General S5ill Re:uirements %or Onsite Su''ort $ngineers o% ZT$ C34A 3e,i.es+++++++) 4 Starting (ere0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000004 )+1 4eaning o% RSSI+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++) )+) *ormal RSSI Range++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++) 5 #ault &henomenon0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000005 6 #ault ocation Tool000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000006 7 Troubleshooting Steps000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000006 !+1 Che.5ing BTS Alarm and Radio &arameter++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++< !+1+1 -inding and Con%irming an RSSI -ault+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++< !+1+) Che.5ing BTS Alarm++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++! !+1+7 Che.5ing Radio &arameter++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++! !+) Analy>ing Chara.teristi.s o% Abnormal RSSI ?alues+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++= !+)+1 Time/,ariant Chara.teristi.s o% RSSI Strength+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++# !+)+) Relation bet8een Tra%%i. and RSSI Strength++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++2 !+)+7 Geogra'hi. 3istribution 3iagram o% RSSIs+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++2 !+7 Che.5ing Relation bet8een Abnormal RSSIs and O4C @ $ngineering @ O'timi>ation O'eration++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++11 !+7+1 O4C O'eration++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++11 !+7+) $ngineering and O'timi>ation O'eration++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++1) !+7+7 -or8arding the &roblem to Related 3e'artments+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++1) !+< Che.5ing BTS 3e,i.es+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++1) !+<+1 BTS Running Status+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++1) !+<+) BTS Ty'e+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++17 !+<+7 $Aternal or Internal Inter%eren.e+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++17 !+<+< BTS &roblem or Other 3e,i.e &roblem++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++1< !+! Che.5ing &assi,e@A.ti,e &arts++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++1" !+= Che.5ing Antenna -eeder System++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++)0 !+# -inding $Aternal Inter%eren.e++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++)= 8 Case Stud)000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000049 =+1 Abnormal RSSI Arisen %rom $Aternal Inter%eren.e++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++)# =+) Abnormal RSSI Arisen %rom Re'eater &roblem++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++)" =+7 Abnormal RSSI Arisen %rom 6oose 6in5 Conne.tion+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++)" =+< Abnormal RSSI Arisen %rom ;ard8are &roblem++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++)2 =+! Abnormal RSSI Arisen %rom Terminal &roblem+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++)2
AppA Re,erences00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000051 A+1 RSSI Buery 4ethod++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++71 A+) Re,erse S'e.trum S.anning++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++71
?I
-IGUR$S
#igure 1 Statistical RSSI +ata0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000005 #igure 4 RSSI *alues o, a Region0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000009 #igure 5 Abrupt Increase o, RSSIs in a &eriod000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000: #igure 6 (igh %ain RSSIs a,ter a +$ Carrier Being Added0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000: #igure 7 Relation bet-een RSSI Strength and Tra,,ic000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000; #igure 8 +istribution o, Abnormal RSSIs in a Region0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000010 #igure 9 Antenna S-apping %ethod. %ain or +i'ersit) RSSIs Are Abnormal0000000000017 #igure : Antenna S-apping %ethod. %ain and +i'ersit) RSSIs Are Abnormal0000000018 #igure ; &rocedure o, Antenna S-apping %ethod00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000018 #igure 10 &rocedure o, +umm) oad Connection %ethod000000000000000000000000000000000000000001: #igure 11 Indoor Co'erage o, Acti'e<&assi'e +e'ices0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001; #igure 14 Checking 1<4= >umpers on top o, the cabinet000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000041 #igure 15 Checking ightning Arresters0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000044 #igure 16 Checking 9<:? #eeders000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000045 #igure 17 Checking the 1<4= >umpers at the antenna side000000000000000000000000000000000000000000046 #igure 18 &rocedure o, +umm) oad Connection %ethod ,or Checking Antenna #eeder S)stem0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000047 #igure 19 &rocedure o, S-apping %ethod ,or Checking Antenna #eeder S)stem0 0 048 #igure 1: Re'erse Spectrum Scanning. %ain RSSIs Are "ormal/ -hile +i'ersit) RSSIs Are o-0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000054 #igure 1; Re'erse Spectrum Scanning. "arro-band Inter,erence Signals &resent in %ain and +i'ersit) Band-idth000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000054
TAB6$S
?II
Table 1 Abbre'iations and Acron)ms000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001 Table 4 &roduct *ersion0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001 Table 5 Abnormal RSSI &henomenon000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000006 Table 6 T)pical Abnormal RSSI &henomena and &ossible Reasons000000000000000000000000011
?III
1
101
$'er'ieSummar)
This guide %irst des.ribes the 'henomena o% %aults arisen %rom abnormal RSSIs and then dis.usses the a''roa.h to %ault lo.ation as 8ell as the handling 'ro.edure+
104
Abbre'iation
The %ollo8ing table lists abbre,iations and a.ronyms used in this guide+
Table 1 Abbre,iations and A.ronyms Abbre'iations<Acron)ms RSSI R-$ TRX &A #ull "ame Re.ei,ed Signal Strength Indi.ator Radio -re:uen.y -ront $nd Trans.ei,er 4odule &o8er Am'li%ier
105
&roduct *ersion
This do.ument is a''li.able to the %ollo8ing 'rodu.t ,ersionsC
Table ) &rodu.t ?ersion &roduct ZXC10/BSSB *ersion ?"+)0+0< and higher
106
Intended Reader
This do.ument is intended %or the %ollo8ing 'ersonsC
C34A te.hni.al su''ort engineer C34A maintenan.e engineer
107
General Skill Re@uirements ,or $nsite Support !ngineers o, ZT! C+%A +e'ices
The onsite su''ort engineers9 in.luding te.hni.al su''ort engineers or onsite maintenan.e engineers9 should ta5e .ertain training on the o'erations o% ZT$Ds C34A de,i.es be%ore they o'erate or maintain these de,i.es+ S'e.i%i.ally9 they should ha,e the %ollo8ing 5no8ledge or 'ass .ertain .erti%i.ation le,el+ Eno8ledge about ZXC10/BSSB 'rodu.tF ZXC10/BSSB O4C/related s'e.i%i.ationsF ;andling methods o% .ommon ZXC10/BSSB %aults &assing ZXC10/BSSB 6e,el/) s5ill .erti%i.ation
4
401
Starting (ere
%eaning o, RSSI
RSSI stands %or re.ei,ed signal strength indi.ator+ As an indeA indi.ating the strength o% a signal re.ei,ed at antenna inter%a.e9 it .an be used to analy>e the re.ei,ed signals o% a BTS+ Generally9 the TRX module o% a BTS dete.ts the strengths o% re.ei,ed signals and then 8or5s out the 'o8er strength o% the antenna inter%a.e based on the re.ei,er lin5 gain+ On.e the signals are too strong or too 8ea59 a high RSSI or lo8 RSSI alarm is raised+
404
"ormal RSSI Range

-irst o% all9 it should be made .lear that abnormal RSSI should be treated as a long/term statisti.al ,alue9 8hile a high or lo8 RSSI at a moment or short 'eriod should not be regarded abnormal+ 4oreo,er9 the normal RSSI range ,aries in di%%erent .ases+ In the absen.e o% subs.ribers and inter%eren.e9 RSSIs should range %rom /11! dBm to /2! dBm and the di%%eren.e bet8een main and di,ersity RSSIs should be 8ithin 10 dB+ RSSIs may %lu.tuate 8ith tra%%i.s+ In busy hours9 RSSIs may rise9 8hile in non/busy hours9 RSSIs may return normal+ -igure 1 sho8s RSSIs o% 11 days o% a RRU9 8here 8e .an see the di%%eren.e bet8een busy hours and non/busy hours+
-igure 1 Statisti.al RSSI 3ata
Ghen there is no signal at the antenna inter%a.e or there is inter%eren.e9 the statisti.al RSSI ,alues Hi+e+ more than 2!IJ should be /110 K = dBm9 ty'i.ally /110 K 7 dBm+ The %lu.tuation o% K7 dBm or K= dBm de'ends on R-$ module9 TRX module and BTS ty'e+ In the .ase there are a %e8 subs.ribers and there is no inter%eren.e9 due to small/s.ale %ading and multi'ath e%%e.t in mobile radio 'ro'agation9 as 8ell as the 'o8er .ontrol me.hanism and rate o% the C34A net8or59 the re,erse 'o8er at the antenna inter%a.e may rise by 10/)0 dB in a short time+ A..ordingly9 RSSIs rise instantaneously+ In this .ase9 as long as the statisti.al RSSI ,alues are less than /10! dBm9 re,erse lin5 is regarded in good .ondition and eAternal inter%eren.e is 8ithin an a..e'table range+ Ghen there are lots o% subs.ribers9 the use%ul signals at the antenna inter%a.e .annot be ignored+ In this .ase9 the u''er limit o% the statisti.al RSSI ,alues are 7 L ! dB more than the .ase 8here there are a %e8 subs.ribers+ That is to say9 as long as the statisti.al RSSI ,alues are less than /100 dBm9 re,erse lin5 is regarded in good .ondition and eAternal inter%eren.e is 8ithin an a..e'table range+ In addition9 main and di,ersity RSSIs may di%%er due to su.h %a.tors as subs.riber distribution and land%orm+ On the a,erage9 there is a di%%eren.e o% 10 dB bet8een them+ S'e.i%i. to ZXS3R R- 'rodu.ts9 8hi.h .urrently in.lude distributed RRU and RSU installed in BS""009 RSSI alarm thresholds are /1)0 dbm and /"2 dbm+ I% RSSIs are .ontinuously more than /"2 dbm or less than /1)0 dbm9 they are regarded abnormal9 so is the re,erse lin5+
#ault &henomenon
The abnormal RSSI/arisen %ault 'henomena are des.ribed in Table 7+
Table 7 Abnormal RSSI &henomenon Aspect Ser'ice &henomenon The sensiti,ity and .a'a.ity o% the re,erse lin5 o% a BTS de.rease+ The BTS may not deli,er normal ser,i.es in .ase o% a serious %ault+ The subs.ribers %ar %rom the BTS .an re.ei,e signals but .annot a..ess the net8or5+
RSSI o% re,erse lin5 is lo8F Re,erse lin5 o% TRX Hmain@di,ersityJ raises lo8 RSSI alarmF RSSI o% re,erse lin5 is high+
Alarm
#ault ocation Tool

The %ollo8ing tools may be needed to lo.ate an RSSI/related %aultC 1!0G @<0 dB attenuator or 1!0 G loadC used to .he.5 the BTS de,i.e %or 'ro'er runningF -re:uen.y s8ee'er and 0agi antennaC used to %ind any eAternal inter%eren.esF R- .able9 3I*G .onne.tor9 */S4A ada'ter and */ty'e %emale .onne.torC used to .he.5 the antenna %eeder system+
7
701
70101
Troubleshooting Steps
Checking BTS Alarm and Radio &arameter
#inding and Con,irming an RSSI #ault
$b>ecti'e
To ,eri%y i% an RSSI ,alue is in normal range+
&rocedure
$Atra.t RSSI ,alue o% a BTS %rom the O4C+ Mudge 8hether the RSSI ,alues o% a BTS is normal based on su.h %a.tors as9 statisti. 'eriod9 tra%%i. and distribution+
Re,erence In,ormation
-or details about RSSI :uery method9 'lease re%er to A''endiA A+1+
<
70104
Checking BTS Alarm

$b>ecti'e
To .he.5 alarms o% related de,i.es o% the BTS 8hose RSSI ,alue is %ound abnormal+
&rocedure
1+ )+ In the Alarm 4anagement o% O4C system9 double/.li.5 related modules+ I% an alarm is %ound9 .he.5 its o..urren.e time to see i% it is time .orrelated to RSSI abnormality+ I% yes9 'ro.ess the alarm+ A%ter all alarms o% related modules are 'ro.essed9 obser,e the RSSI ,alue again and see i% it returns to normal+
7+
1+ )+ The modules that are related to RSSI ,alues in.ludeC R-$9 TRX and &A+ RSSI/related alarms in,ol,e the %ollo8ing as'e.tsC ?SGR9 o,er 'o8er o% &A9 6*A9 lo.5/loss o% TRXDs 'hase/lo.5ed loo'9 and transmission+
70105
Checking Radio &arameter

$b>ecti'e
To ma5e sure settings o% related radio 'arameters are .orre.t+
&rocedure
The in.orre.t settings o% some 'arameters may .ause RSSI to rise+ I% an RSSI %ault is re'orted but related de,i.es are %ound normal9 .he.5 the settings o% the %ollo8ing radio 'arametersC 1+ )+ 7+ Registration 'arametersC TOTA6NZO*$9 ZO*$NTI4$R9 et.+F A..ess 'arametersC I*ITN&GR9 &GRNST$&9 *U4NST$&9 ACCNT4O9 et.F &o8er .ontrol 'arametersC $RN6$*1@)@7@<9 U'NI*I1@)@7@<9 U'N$R1@)@7@<9 et.+
&arameter +escription A large ,alue may in.rease both a..ess su..ess rate and inter%eren.e on a..ess .hannelsF A small ,alue may redu.e inter%eren.e on a..ess .hannel but let the 4S send more a..ess 'robes be%ore it re.ei,es the a.5no8ledgement message %rom the BTS9 thus in.reasing the load o% a..ess .hannel as 8ell as the a..ess .hannel .ollision 'robability+
I*ITN&GR
&arameter
+escription A large ,alue may in.rease both a..ess su..ess rate and inter%eren.e on a..ess .hannelsF A small ,alue may redu.e inter%eren.e on a..ess .hannel but in.rease the load o% a..ess .hannel and the a..ess .hannel .ollision 'robability+ There should be a tradeo%% bet8een *U4NST$& and &GRNST$&+ A large setting o% this 'arameter may in.rease the 'robability o% a..ess 8ith one a..ess 'robe se:uen.e but also in.rease inter%eren.e on re,erse lin5s and setu' delayF A small setting may de.rease the 'ossibility o% a..ess 8ith one a..ess 'robe se:uen.e9 leading to more a..ess 'robe se:uen.es and longer .onne.tion delay+ A large setting may in.rease a..ess su..ess rateF A small setting may in.rease the load o% a..ess .hannel as 8ell as the a..ess .hannel .ollision .han.e be.ause the 4S 8ill send another a..ess 'robe be%ore the BTS has time to a.5no8ledge the 4SOs %irst a..ess 'robe+ They are the .ontinuous error %rame thresholds HRC19 RC)9 RC7 and RC<J+ A large setting may a%%e.t the 'er%orman.e o% re,erse lin5 as the in.rease o% $.@Io s'eeds u' only 8hen there are lots o% .ontinuous error %ramesF A small setting may .ause $.@Io to be in.reased at an early time9 thus in.reasing the load and inter%eren.e on re,erse lin5+ A large setting may .ause $.@Io to in.rease at a large ste'9 thus in.reasing the load and inter%eren.e on re,erse lin5F A small setting may a%%e.t the 'er%orman.e o% re,erse lin5 as $.@Io in.reases at a small ste'+ A large setting may .ause $.@Io to rise at a large ste' in .ase o% .ontinuous error %rames9 and re,erse 'o8er in.reases :ui.5ly9 thus in.reasing the load and inter%eren.e on re,erse lin5F A small setting may a%%e.t the 'er%orman.e o% re,erse lin5 as $.@Io in.reases at a small ste' and the re,erse 'o8er .annot be in.reased timely+
&GRNST$&
*U4NST$&
ACCNT4O
$RN6$*1@)@7@<
U&NI*I1@)@7@<
U&N$R1@)@7@<
To modi%y the setting o% a 'arameter9 stri.tly %ollo8 related 'ro.edures o% ZT$ or other e:ui'ment ,endors+ Besides9 this modi%i.ation o'eration should be done by a s'e.ialist+ A%ter a 'arameter setting is modi%ied9 ha,e eyes on related 'er%orman.e indeAes+ I% a 'er%orman.e indeA 8orsens9 analy>e the reasons :ui.5ly and noti%y related de'artments in order to ta5e 'ro'er measures+
704
Anal)Aing Characteristics o, Abnormal RSSI *alues

I% an RSSI alarm 'ersists a%ter the de,i.es and related 'arameters are .he.5ed and .orre.ted9 it is re:uired to analy>e the .hara.teristi.s o% abnormal RSSI ,alues to %ind out the reasons :ui.5ly+
RSSI ,alues are .losely related to the statisti. 'eriod9 tra%%i.9 regional distribution9 re'eaters and indoor distribution system+ By .olle.ting histori.al data9 8e .an obtain .orres'onding RSSI ,alues+ I% RSSI ,alues are 8ithin s'e.i%ied range in most .ases9 but be.ome abnormal in some 'eriods or regions9 8e .an analy>e their .hara.teristi.s to %ind out the reasons+
70401
Time3'ariant Characteristics o, RSSI Strength

$b>ecti'e
To .he.5 i% an abnormal RSSI ,alue is related to inter%eren.e or main lin5 'roblem o% a 'eriod+
&rocedure
Analy>e the .hange in the strengths o% main and di,ersity RSSIs o,er the time+
RSSI strength is o%ten time/,ariant+ It %lu.tuates on daily basis9 rising in busy hours but %alling in other hours+ But in some s'e.ial regions He+g+ tourist 'la.esJ9 the %lu.tuation may be 8ee5ly9 as sho8n in -igure )+
-igure ) RSSI ?alues o% a Region
1+
I% in some 'eriods9 the main@di,ersity RSSIs abru'tly in.rease9 the reason is 'robably eAternal inter%eren.e9 as sho8n in -igure 7+
-igure 7 Abru't In.rease o% RSSIs in a &eriod
)+
I% the main RSSIs 5ee' eAtremely high9 it may be a main lin5 'roblem+ -or eAam'le9 something may be 8rong 8ith the antenna %eeder system a%ter a 3O .arrier is added9 or a re'eater is not 'ro'erly installed+ -igure < sho8s the high main RSSI 'roblem arisen %rom a .onne.tion 'roblem a%ter a 3O .arrier is added+
-igure < ;igh 4ain RSSIs a%ter a 3O Carrier Being Added
"
70404
Relation bet-een Tra,,ic and RSSI Strength

$b>ecti'e
To .he.5 i% an abnormal RSSI ,alue is related to tra%%i.+
&rocedure
Analy>e main@di,ersity RSSIs o% ea.h .arrier and see i% their strengths are related to tra%%i.+
RSSI strength is dire.tly related to the number o% subs.ribers+ The RSSI ,alues in busy hours are o%ten higher than those in other hours+
!Bample
In -igure !9 to illustrate the relation bet8een tra%%i. and RSSI strength9 8e dedu.t the tra%%i. by 110+ This %igure sho8s the tra%%i. is indeed related to main@di,ersity RSSIs+ The hea,ier the tra%%i.9 the higher RSSIs are+
-igure ! Relation bet8een RSSI Strength and Tra%%i.
70405
Geographic +istribution +iagram o, RSSIs

$b>ecti'e
To .he.5 i% abnormal RSSI ,alues are region/s'e.i%i. or i% there is an indoor distribution system9 re'eaters or engineering in a region 8here abnormal RSSIs are re'orted+
&rocedure
Analy>e the geogra'hi. distribution diagram o% abnormal RSSIs9 %o.using on their relation 8ith time9 .arrier distribution9 tra%%i.9 main@di,ersity antenna distribution and@or geogra'hi.al lo.ation+ 1+ Che.5 i% abnormal RSSIs are time/,ariant+ That is to say9 8hether abnormal RSSI ,alues o..ur in a %iAed 'eriod or in the 'eriod 8hen some s'e.ial e,ents ta5e 'la.e9 e+g+ entran.e eAamination or .onstru.tion o% indoor distribution system+ Che.5 i% the RSSIs o% one or all .arriers are abnormal+ Che.5 i% abnormal RSSI ,alues are mainly a result o% tra%%i. .hange+ Che.5 main and di,ersity RSSIs to see i% both o% them or either o% them is abnormal+ Che.5 to see i% the .ells 8ith abnormal RSSIs are in the same region or in a region near to troo'sO .am's+
)+ 7+ <+
!+
!Bample
The %ollo8ing %igure sho8s the distribution o% abnormal RSSIs o% a region+
-igure = 3istribution o% Abnormal RSSIs in a Region
*oteC The .ir.les re'resent the indoor distribution systems+
By analy>ing the .hara.teristi.s o% abnormal RSSIs9 the reasons %or the 'roblem .an be roughly determined+ Table < lists ty'i.al abnormal RSSI 'henomena and their 'ossible reasons9 8hi.h .an be used as a re%eren.e in troubleshooting o% an RSSI alarm+
10
Table < Ty'i.al Abnormal RSSI &henomena and &ossible Reasons &henomenon &ossible Reasons 1+ The 'o8er is too largeF )+ Something is 8rong 8ith %eeder .onne.tion9 %eeder9 antenna9 re'eater or indoor distribution systemF 7+ There is inter%eren.e+ 1+ There is eAternal inter%eren.eF )+ $ngineering :uality is satis%ied+ There is eAternal inter%eren.e+ There is eAternal inter%eren.e+ There is eAternal inter%eren.e+ There is eAternal inter%eren.e+ There is 'eriodi.al eAternal inter%eren.e+ The .onne.tion bet8een the %eeder and the antenna is interru'ted+ 1+ R-$ and@or TRX modules ha,e been damaged+ )+ The module is not 'ro'erly inserted+
Only main RSSIs are high
Both main and di,ersity RSSIs are high Only di,ersity RSSIs are high Both main and di,ersity RSSIs in a region are high ;igh RSSIs are re'orted in a %iAed 'eriod on ea.h day RSSIs o% se,eral days are high RSSIs %lu.tuate shar'ly RSSIs stay at the noise %loor le,el RSSI are ,ery lo8
705
Checking Relation bet-een Abnormal RSSIs and $%C < !ngineering < $ptimiAation $peration
Based on the analysis o% .hara.teristi.s o% abnormal RSSIs9 you .an lo.ate the reasons by .he.5ing related de,i.es or systems+ -irst9 you .an .he.5 to see i% there is any O4C9 engineering or o'timi>ation o'eration in the region 8here abnormal RSSIs are re'orted+
70501
$%C $peration
$b>ecti'e
To .he.5 i% abnormal RSSIs are .aused by im'ro'er O4C o'erations+
&rocedure
1+ Che.5 8hether 3O .arriers are .on%igured and .ommissioned at the BTS+
*oteC Transmission at %ull 'o8er9 engineering :uality 'roblem9 and 'er%orman.e degrading o% antenna %eeder de,i.es or 'assi,e@a.ti,e de,i.es may lead to intermodulation due to non/linearity9 thus bringing abnormal RSSI ,alues+ There%ore9 A 3O net8or5 o%ten im'ose higher re:uirements %or engineering :uality and de,i.e 'er%orman.e than other net8or5s+
11
)+ 7+
Che.5 to see i% any hard8are or so%t8are has been u'graded+ Che.5 to see i% .arriers or hard8are o% the BTS ha,e been added9 deleted or re'la.ed+ Che.5 to see i% any 'arameterOs setting has been .hanged+
<+
70504
!ngineering and $ptimiAation $peration

$b>ecti'e
To .he.5 8hether abnormal RSSIs are a result o% engineering or o'timi>ation o'eration+
&rocedure
1+ Che.5 to see i% R- o'timi>ation has been done %or the se.tor 8ith abnormal RSSIs and its neighboring se.tors+ Che.5 to see i% any 'o8er s'litter9 indoor distribution system or re'eater has been installed or ad1usted+ Condu.t analysis ,ia O4C tools+
)+
7+
-or details about the re,erse s'e.trum s.anning method9 'lease re%er to A+)+
70505
#or-arding the &roblem to Related +epartments

I% analyses sho8 the 'roblem He+g+ module damage9 indoor distribution system 'roblemJ is the res'onsibility o% other de'artments9 it should be %or8arded to other de'artments %or %urther 'ro.essing+ ;o8e,er9 you should %ollo8 u' the 'ro.essing 'rogress and result+
706
70601
Checking BTS +e'ices

BTS Running Status
$b>ecti'e
To ma5e sure BTS running status is .onsistent 8ith that dis'layed in the O4C+
&rocedure
Che.5 to see i% there any BTS alarm in the O4CF
1)
Che.5 the .ommuni.ation bet8een the BTS and the O4C to see i% it is through+
70604
BTS T)pe
Currently9 ZT$ 'ro,ides the %ollo8ing ty'es o% BTSsC CBTSI)9 BTSBI<9 BS""009 BBUPRRU9 and BTSA$+ I% a se.tor has t8o lin5s9 one is used %or transmitting signals9 8hi.h is the main lin5F 8hile the other is %or re.ei,ing signals9 8hi.h is .alled the di,ersity lin5+ I% both lin5s are used %or transmitting signals9 they a.t as main and di,ersity lin5s res'e.ti,ely+ O%ten9 i% t8o or more .arriers are .on%igured %or BTSA$9 t8o antennas o% the same se.tor are used %or transmitting signals9 so they a.t as main and di,ersity antennas res'e.ti,ely+ In CBTSI)9 BTSBI<9 BS""00 and BBUPRRU9 one antenna o% a se.tor is assigned the main one9 the other antenna the di,ersity one+ In some a''li.ations9 t8o/ line transmission lin5s .an be .on%igured9 8here the t8o antennas are main and di,ersity antennas res'e.ti,ely9 as in BTSA$+ Che.5 BTS ty'e and its .on%iguration to see i% t8o/line transmission is .on%igured and the antennas a.ts as main and di,ersity antennas res'e.ti,ely+ And analy>e their relation 8ith abnormal RSSIs+
70605
!Bternal or Internal Inter,erence

$b>ecti'e
To .he.5 the inter%eren.e is internal or eAternal+
&rocedure
1+ Re.ord RSSIs in BTS 3ata Obser,ation and then lo8er the 'o8er ,ia the O4C to see i% RSSI ,alues de.rease+ 3isable the 'o8er am'li%ier and measure RSSIs again+ I% the RSSIs de.rease to its normal range9 it means the inter%eren.e is internal9 that is9 .aused by a BTS de,i.e or antenna %eeder system 'roblem+ I% RSSI 5ee's un.hanged a%ter the 'o8er am'li%ier is disabled9 it means the inter%eren.e is eAternal+
)+
*oteC I% the se.tor 8ith abnormal RSSIs has been .on%igured 8ith an o'ti.al re'eater or trun5 am'li%ier9 the disabling o% the 'o8er am'li%ier may not be enough+ In this .ase9 it is re:uired to disable the re'eater or trun5 am'li%ier to determine i% the inter%eren.e is eAternal+
7+ I% the BTS has a re,erse signal test inter%a.e9 .onne.t a s'e.trum analy>er to this inter%a.e and analy>e the re,erse s'e.trum to determine i% there is any eAternal inter%eren.e+
17
<+
Use the BTSOs s'e.trum s.anning tool to analy>e abnormal RSSIs9 determining i% there is any eAternal inter%eren.e+ In .ase o% eAternal inter%eren.e9 'lease re%er to Se.tion ! %or the troubleshooting method+ -re:uen.y s.anning may be needed to lo.ate the inter%eren.e sour.e+
!+
4any reasons may result in abnormal RSSIs and they .an be di,ided into t8o .ategoriesC internal inter%eren.e and eAternal inter%eren.e+ The internal and eAternal inter%eren.e are de%ined as %ollo8sC Internal Inter%eren.e re%ers to the inter%eren.e .aused by a de,i.e or .onne.tion 'roblem o% the BTS and its antenna %eeder system+ $Aternal Inter%eren.e re%ers to the inter%eren.e .aused by 8ireless signals %rom other BTSs or systems Hin.luding 8ireless re'eatersJ9 8hi.h .omes to the antenna ,ia the air inter%a.e+
70606
BTS &roblem or $ther +e'ice &roblem

In .ase o% internal inter%eren.e9 %irst .he.5 the BTS+ O%ten9 one o% the t8o methods .an be usedC antenna s8a''ing and dummy load .onne.tion+
7060601
Antenna S-apping
Introduction
The antenna s8a''ing method is to eA.hange the antennas o% the same se.tor or di%%erent se.tors and see i% abnormal RSSIs are .aused internally or eAternally+
&rocedure
1+ This method is a''li.able to the %ollo8ing t8o .asesC 1+ 4ain or di,ersity RSSIs are abnormal 1J S8a' the %eeders o% main and di,ersity antennas at the .abinet/to' inter%a.eF Obser,e i% the RSSIs .hangeF I% yes9 it means the abnormal RSSI 'roblem is not .aused by BTS de,i.esF other8ise9 it is .aused by BTS de,i.es+
)J 7J
1<
-igure # Antenna S8a''ing 4ethodC 4ain or 3i,ersity RSSIs Are Abnormal
Antenna
1@)Q Mum'er Gater'roo% $lbo8 1@)Q Mum'er Gater'roo% $lbo8 1@)Q Mum'er Gater'roo% $lbo8
Antenna
1@)Q Mum'er Gater'roo% $lbo8 3i,ersity -eeder
3i,ersity -eeder
4ain -eeder
)+
4ain Antenna 4ain Antenna 3i,ersity Antenna Both main and di,ersity RSSIs are abnormal Inter%a.e Inter%a.e Inter%a.e
1J
S8a' the %eeder o% the se.tor 8ith normal RSSIs and that 8ith abnormal RSSIs at the .abinet/to' inter%a.eF Obser,e i% the RSSIs .hangeF I% yes9 it means the abnormal RSSI 'roblem is not .aused by BTS de,i.esF other8ise9 it is .aused by BTS de,i.es+
BTS
4ain -eeder
6ightning Arrester
6ightning Arrester
6ightning Arrester
6ightning Arrester
1@)Q Mum'er
1@)Q Mum'er
1@)Q Mum'er
Se.tor 0
1@)Q Mum'er
3i,ersity Antenna Inter%a.e Se.tor 0
BTS
)J 7J
1!
-igure " Antenna S8a''ing 4ethodC 4ain and 3i,ersity RSSIs Are Abnormal
Antenna 1@)Q Mum'er Gater'roo% $lbo8
3i,ersity -eeder
Antenna 1@)Q Mum'er Gater'roo% $lbo8 1@)Q Mum'er Gater'roo% $lbo8

3i,ersity -eeder
Antenna 1@)Q Mum'er Gater'roo% $lbo8 1@)Q Mum'er Gater'roo% $lbo8 1@)Q Mum'er Gater'roo% $lbo8
3i,ersity -eeder
Antenna 1@)Q Mum'er Gater'roo% $lbo8

3i,ersity -eeder
1@)Q Mum'er Gater'roo% $lbo8 4ain -eeder
4ain -eeder
4ain -eeder
4ain Antenna 3i,ersity Antenna Inter%a.e Inter%a.e BTS In,ormation Se.tor 0 Re,erence
4ain -eeder
6ightning Arrester
6 ightnin g Arrester
6 ightnin g Arrester
6ightni ng Arrester
6ightni ng Arrester
6ightnin g Arrester
6ightnin g Arrester
6ightning Arrester
1@)Q Mum'er
1@)Q Mum'er
1@)Q Mum'er
1@)Q Mum'er
1@)Q Mum'er
1@)Q Mum'er
1@)Q Mum'er
1@)Q Mum'er
4ain Antenna 3i,ersity Antenna Inter%a.e Inter%a.e BTS Se.tor 1
1+
The 'ro.edure o% antenna s8a''ing method is illustrated in the %igure belo8+
-igure 2 &ro.edure o% Antenna S8a''ing 4ethod
S8a' the %eeders o% main and di,ersity antennas at the .abinet/to' inter%a.e
Are RSSIs .hangedR 0 Che.5 non/BTS de,i.es
Che.5 BTS de,i.es
)+
In .ase o% a BTS de,i.e 'roblem9 .he.5 related modules He+g+ R-$9 TRXJ9 'o8er am'li%iers to see i% there is any alarm on them9 the modules are 'ro'erly inserted or the 'arameters are .orre.tly set+ In .ase o% a non/BTS de,i.e 'roblem9 re%er to Se.tion !+!9 !+= and !+# %or the troubleshooting 'ro.edure+
7+
1=
7060604
+umm) oad Connection

Introduction
I% related test de,i.es are a,ailable9 you .an use dummy load .onne.tion method to determine abnormal RSSIs are .aused eAternally or internally+
&reparation
Be%ore using this method9 you should 're'are the %ollo8ing de,i.esC
A )!0 G load 8ith an */- or 3I*/- .onne.tor One 1@)Q .able 8ith an */4 or 3I*N4 .onne.tor Se,eral 3I*/* and 4/- ada'ters
&rocedure
1+ )+ Blo.5 the .arriers o% the se.tor 8ith abnormal RSSIsF 3is.onne.t the 1um'ers o% main and di,ersity antennas o% the se.tor %rom the out'ut 'orts TX@RX and RX on to' o% the .abinet res'e.ti,ely+ Conne.t dummy loads to the out'ut 'orts res'e.ti,ely9 ma5ing sure the dummy loads and their .onne.tions 8or5 8ell+ As5 the 'ersons in the e:ui'ment room to unblo.5 related .arriers ,ia the O4C+ Obser,e re,erse RSSIs in the O4C+ Com'are obser,ed RSSIs 8ith its normal range+ I% they are in the range9 it means the abnormal RSSI 'roblem is not .aused by BTS de,i.esF other8ise9 it is .aused by BTS de,i.es+
7+
<+ !+ =+
*oteC In this method9 the dummy load and the .able should meet test re:uirements and be reliably .onne.ted+ Re,erence In,ormation
1+ The 'ro.edure o% dummy load .onne.tion method is illustrated in the %igure belo8+
1#
-igure 10 &ro.edure o% 3ummy 6oad Conne.tion 4ethod

Blo.5 the .arriers o% the se.tor 8ith abnormal RSSIs
3is.onne.t the 1um'ers o% main and di,ersity antennas o% the se.tor %rom the out'ut 'orts TX @ RX and RX on to' o% the .abinet res'e.ti,ely+
Conne.t dummy loads to the out'ut 'orts res'e.ti,ely9 ma5ing sure the dummy loads and their .onne.tions 8or5 8ell+
As5 the 'ersons in the e:ui'ment room to unblo.5 related .arriers ,ia the O4C+
Obser,e re,erse RSSIs in the O4C+
* Are re,erse RSSI normalR Che.5 BTS de,i.es %or reasons
)+
In .ase o% a BTS de,i.e 'roblem9 .he.5 related modules He+g+ R-$9 TRXJ9 'o8er
Che.5 non/BTS de,i.es+ am'li%iers to see i% there is any alarm on them9 the modules are 'ro'erly inserted or
the 'arameters are .orre.tly set+ 7+ In .ase o% a non/BTS de,i.e 'roblem9 re%er to Se.tion !+!9 !+= and !+# %or the troubleshooting 'ro.edure+
707
Checking &assi'e<Acti'e &arts

$b>ecti'e
To .he.5 i% abnormal RSSIs are .aused by a.ti,e@'assi,e 'arts that are .onne.ted to the BTS+
1"
Background In,ormation
*onlinearity o% a.ti,e@'assi,e de,i.es may lead to signal intermodulation+ Ghen intermodulated signals %all 8ithin the band8idth o% re.ei,ed signals9 RSSIs rise u'+ Besides9 i% the 'arameters o% re'eaters or trun5 am'li%iers are in.orre.tly set9 the gain o% re,erse lin5 is eAtremely high or sel%/eA.itation o..urs9 the RSSIs o% re,erse lin5s may rise too+
-igure 11 Indoor Co,erage o% A.ti,e@&assi,e 3e,i.es
Coupler
&o-er Splitter Trunk Ampli,ier Ceiling Antenna
&rocedure
1+
Repeater Coupler &o-er Splitter

Che.5 'o8er s'litterC Use a 1um'er to re'la.e the s'litter and obser,e i% RSSIs return normal+ I% yes9 it means the 'o8er s'litter is %aultyF other8ise9 go to the neAt ste'+ Che.5 the .ou'lerC Use a 1um'er to re'la.e the .ou'ler and obser,e i% RSSIs return normal+ I% yes9 it means the .ou'ler is %aulty+ Other8ise9 'ro.eed to the neAt ste'+ Che.5 the re'eaterC I% there is an o'ti.al re'eater .onne.ted to the BTS9 dis.onne.t the re'eater %rom the .ou'ler and obser,e RSSIs+ I% RSSIs return normal9 it means the o'ti.al re'eater brings inter%eren.e+ In this .ase9 it is re:uired to ad1ust the re,erse gain 'arameter or the re'eater+ -or details about troubleshooting 8ith 8ireless re'eaters9 'lease re%er to Se.tion !+#+ Che.5 the trun5 am'li%ierC Che.5ing a trun5 am'li%ier is similar to .he.5ing a
)+
7+
<+
12
re'eater+ -irst9 dis.onne.t the am'li%ier and obser,e RSSIs+ I% RSSIs return normal9 it means the am'li%ier brings inter%eren.e+ In this .ase9 it is re:uired to ad1ust the re,erse gain 'arameter or the am'li%ier+ !+ Che.5 to8er/mounted am'li%ierC 0ou .an use a 1um'er to re'la.e the am'li%ier and obser,e i% RSSIs return normal+ I% yes9 it means the abnormal RSSI 'roblem is .aused by the am'li%ier+ Other8ise9 it means the am'li%ier 8or5s 8ell+
A 'o8er s'litter is o%ten used in an indoor distribution system or 8hen a se.tor is s'lit into se,eral se.tors+ A .ou'ler is o%ten used 8hen there is a re'eater or indoor distribution system+ A trun5 am'li%ier is o%ten used in an indoor distribution system9 %or .om'lementing the signal loss during transmission+ A to8er/mounted am'li%ier is o%ten used in the antenna %eeder system o% a BTS+
708
Checking Antenna #eeder S)stem

I% abnormal RSSIs are .aused by internal inter%eren.e but BTS de,i.es and a.ti,e@'assi,e 'arts 8or5 8ell9 you should turn to the antenna %eeder system to %ind the reasons+ In this .ase9 %ollo8 this se:uen.e to .he.5 the antenna %eeder systemC 1+ )+ 7+ <+ !+ =+ The %eeder inter%a.es on the to' o% the .abinetF 1@)Q 1um'ers on to' o% the .abinetF 6ightning arrestersF #@"Q %eedersF 1@)Q 1um'er at the antenna sideF Conne.tors
The Qdummy load .onne.tionQ and@or Qs8a''ingQ methods .an be used to .he.5 the antenna %eeder system+
&rocedure
1+ 1@)Q 1um'er on to' o% the .abinet
-igure 1) illustrates the s8a''ing o% the 1um'ers+ To .he.5 the 1@)Q 1um'ers9 %irst9 ma5e sure the 1um'er is 'ro'erly .onne.ted to the
)0
.abinet/to' inter%a.e+ Then .onne.t 1@)Q 1um'ers and the lightning arresters in a .ross 8ay9 as sho8n in -igure 1)+
-igure 1) Che.5ing 1@)Q 1um'ers on to' o% the .abinet
Antenna
Antenna
3i,ersity -eeder
4ain -eeder
)+
6ightning Arrester Inter%a.e

BTS
4ain Antenna
I% the 1@)Q 1um'ers on the to' o% .abinet are %ound normal9 resume their .onne.tions 8ith the lightning arresters and .onne.t the lightning arresters 8ith #@"Q %eeders o% main and di,ersity antennas in a .ross 8ay9 as sho8n in -igure 17+
4ain -eeder
6ightning Arrester
6ightning Arrester
6ightning Arrester
6ightning Arrester
1@)Q Mum'er
1@)Q Mum'er
1@)Q Mum'er
1@)Q Mum'er
4ain Antenna Inter%a.e BTS
)1
-igure 17 Che.5ing 6ightning Arresters
Antenna
Antenna
3i,ersity -eeder
4ain -eeder
7+
#@"S -eeder Inter%a.e
4ain Antenna BTS
I% the lightning arresters are %ound normal9 resume their .onne.tions 8ith #@"S %eeders and .onne.t #@"Q %eeders 8ith the 1@)Q 1um'ers at the antenna side in a .ross 8ay9 as sho8n in -igure 1<+
4ain -eeder
6ightning Arrester
6ightning Arrester
6ightning Arrester
6ightning Arrester
1@)Q Mum'er
1@)Q Mum'er
1@)Q Mum'er
1@)Q Mum'er
))
-igure 1< Che.5ing #@"S -eeders
Antenna
Antenna
3i,ersity -eeder
4ain -eeder
<+
Inter%a.e Inter%a.e 1@)Q 1um'er at the antenna side BTS Se.tor 0
4ain Antenna
I% #@"Q %eeders are %ound normal9 resume their .onne.tions 8ith the 1@)Q 1um'ers at the antenna side and .onne.t the 1@)Q 1um'ers at the antenna side 8ith t8o antennas Hor t8o 'orts o% a di'olari>ed antennaJ in a .ross 8ay9 as sho8n in -igure 1!+
4ain -eeder
6ightning Arrester
6ightning Arrester
6ightning Arrester
6ightning Arrester
1@)Q Mum'er
1@)Q Mum'er
1@)Q Mum'er
3i,ersity Antenna
1@)Q Mum'er
)7
-igure 1! Che.5ing the 1@)Q 1um'ers at the antenna side
Antenna
Antenna
3i,ersity -eeder
4ain -eeder
Re,erenceInter%a.e In,ormation
1+
4ain Antenna
BTS method Se.tor 0 .he.5ing BTS Se.tor 0 -igure 1= illustrates the 'ro.edure o% dummy load .onne.tion %or the antenna %eeder system+
4ain -eeder
6ightning Arrester
6ightning Arrester
6ightning Arrester
6ightning Arrester
1@)Q Mum'er
1@)Q Mum'er
1@)Q Mum'er
3i,ersity Antenna Inter%a.e
1@)Q Mum'er
4ain Antenna Inter%a.e
3i,ersity Antenna Inter%a.e
)<
-igure 1= &ro.edure o% 3ummy 6oad Conne.tion 4ethod %or Che.5ing Antenna -eeder System
Conne.t a dummy load onto 1@)OO 1um'er on to' o% the .abinet
3o RSSIs turn normalR 0 Conne.t a dummy load onto the lightning arrester
1@)OO 1um'er on to' o% the .abinet is %aulty
3o RSSIs turn normalR 0 Conne.t a dummy load onto #@"OO %eeder
The lightning arrester is %aulty
3o RSSIs turn normalR 0 Conne.t a dummy load onto 1@)OO 1um'er at antenna side
#@"OO %eeder is %aulty
3o RSSIs turn normalR 0
1@)OO 1um'er at antenna side is %aulty
)+The antenna -igure 1# illustrates the 'ro.edure o% s8a''ing method %or .he.5ing the antenna is %aulty 9 8hi.h should be %eeder system+
re'la.ed
The s8a''ing method .an be used 8hen main or di,ersity RSSIs be.ome abnormal+
)!
-igure 1# &ro.edure o% S8a''ing 4ethod %or Che.5ing Antenna -eeder System

Conne.t 1@)OO 1um'ers on to' o% the .abinet and the lightning arresters in a .ross 8ay
3o RSSIs turn normalR 0 Conne.t the lightning arresters and #@"Q %eeders in a .ross 8ay
1@)OO 1um'ers on to' o% the .abinet are %aulty
3o RSSIs turn normalR 0 Conne.t #@"OO %eeder and 1@)OO 1um'ers at antenna side in a .ross 8ay
The lightning arresters are %aulty
3o RSSIs turn normalR 0 Conne.t 1@)OO 1um'ers at antenna side and the antennas in a .ross 8ay
#@"OO %eeders are %aulty
3o RSSIs turn normalR 0 The antennas are
1@)OO 1um'ers at antenna side are %aulty
709
%aulty9 8hi.h should be #inding !Bternal Inter,erence re'la.ed
$b>ecti'e
To .he.5 i% abnormal RSSIs are a result o% eAternal inter%eren.e+
&rocedure
1+ -irst9 .he.5 i% there are any 8ireless re'eaters .onne.ted to the BTS+ Shut do8n the re'eaters that bring inter%eren.e %or .ertain and then .he.5 other re'eaters by shutting them one by one+ I% RSSIs return normal a%ter one re'eater is shut do8n9 it means this re'eater brings inter%eren.e and need to be ad1usted+ Che.5 other eAternal inter%eren.e sour.esC s.an the %re:uen.ies o% the 8ireless net8or5 to determine the lo.ations o% inter%eren.e sour.es+ -or details about the %re:uen.y s.anning method9 'lease re%er to Wireless Network Electromagnetic
)+
)=
Environment Test and Interference Checking+
The .ommon eAternal inter%eren.e that may .ause abnormal RSSIs in.ludesC Inter%eren.e %rom other .ommuni.ation systems9 su.h as armyDs A4&S system9 and the inter'hone system o% a hotel Inter%eren.e %rom 8ireless re'eaters Inter%eren.e %rom illegal terminals9 su.h as 8ireless %iAed stations that do not meet the s'e.i%i.ations Tele,ision re.ei,ers Con%eren.e 1amming systems
8
801
Case Stud)
Abnormal RSSI Arisen ,rom !Bternal Inter,erence
+escription
In a .ommer.ial o%%i.e9 about <0 BTSs had su%%ered abnormal RSSIs %or a long timeC 1< BTSs in Region A9 10 in Region B and 7 in Region C+ The inter%eren.e sour.e o% Region A 8as a tele,ision T broad.asting transmitting station9 8hi.h transmitted signals 8ith high s'urious strengths9 raising the noise %loor le,el o% u'lin5 band o% the C34A net8or5 to /=< dBm Hthe test result at the %oot o% the stationJ+ The inter%eren.e o% Region B raised the noise %loor to /"0 L /20 dBm+ As this inter%eren.e disa''eared in a %e8 days9 the sour.e had not been %ound out+ The inter%eren.e sour.e o% Region C is the 1ammers installed in the buildings o% muni.i'al and 'ro,in.ial national se.urity bureaus+
Solution
At the BTS sites9 0BT)!0 and 0agi antenna 8ere used to measure the en,ironmental noise %loor9 8hi.h 8ere higher than normal9 so a C34A %ilter 8as a''lied to %ilter u'lin5 outbound signals out o% the signals re.ei,ed by the 0agi antenna+
Summar)
The RSSI alarms .aused by eAternal inter%eren.e o%ten ha,e the %ollo8ing %eaturesC
)#
Both main and di,ersity RSSIs are abnormalF All .arriers o% main and di,ersity se.tors re'ort RSSI alarmsF The disabling@enabling &A o'eration does not .hange main and di,ersity RSSIs+
804
Abnormal RSSI Arisen ,rom Repeater &roblem

+escription
In a region9 1) BTSs 8ere re'orted 8ith high RSSIs+ Analyses sho8ed there 8ere re'eaters on the bran.h lin5s and their u'lin5 gains 8ere set too large9 As a result9 the RSSIs rose u'+
Solution
RSSIs returned normal a%ter the re'eaters on the bran.h lin5s 8ere disabled+
Summar)
The high RSSI alarms .aused by re'eater 'roblems ha,e the %ollo8ing %eaturesC
The main RSSIs remain high9 8hile the di,ersity RSSIs are normalF All .arriers on the main lin5 re'ort high RSSI alarms and their RSSIs are a''roAimateF A%ter the &A is disabled9 the RSSIs still 5ee' at a high le,el+
805
Abnormal RSSI Arisen ,rom oose ink Connection

+escription
In a region9 11 BTSs 8ere re'orted 8ith high RSSIs+ Analyses sho8ed the reason lied in loose .onne.tions bet8een 1@)Q 1um'er and R-$ out'ut 'ort as 8ell as bet8een 1@)Q 1um'er and #@"Q %eeder+ $A'erien.e demonstrates that i% the .onne.tions o% main lin5 are in 'oor .ondition9 enabling &A 8ill raise the noise %loor o% u'lin59 but the 'oor .onta.t o% .onne.tors on the di,ersity lin5 has little im'a.t on RSSIs+
Solution
6o8er the 'o8er to de.rease RSSIs+ A%ter the &A is turned o%%9 RSSIs return normal+ -ind the loose .onne.tions and tighten them+
)"
Summar)
The RSSI alarms .aused by loose lin5 .onne.tions ha,e the %ollo8ing %eaturesC The main RSSIs are abnormal9 8hile the di,ersity ones are normalF All .arriers o% the main lin5 re'ort high RSSI alarms9 that is9 the noise %loors 8ithin 10 4;> band8idth are relati,ely highF The alarms are .ontinuously raised+
806
Abnormal RSSI Arisen ,rom (ard-are &roblem

+escription
In a region9 1 BTS 8as re'orted 8ith abnormal RSSIs+ Analyses sho8ed the 'roblem is .aused by TRX 'roblem+
Solution
1+ The test results at R-$ test 'ort sho8 the u'lin5 noise %loors are in normal range+ HThe noise %loor is less than /#0 dBm at 1+)7 4;> band8idth+J The alarm disa''ears 8ith the TRX module being eA.hanged 8ith that o% a neighbor .ell+
)+
Summar)
The RSSI alarms .aused by hard8are 'roblems ha,e the %ollo8ing %eaturesC
$ither main or di,ersity RSSIs or both o% them are abnormalF The alarms may be re'orted .ontinuously or %rom time to timeF One or se,eral .arriers may re'ort the RSSI alarms+
807
Abnormal RSSI Arisen ,rom Terminal &roblem

+escription
In a region9 a BTS raised high RSSI alarm+ Analyses sho8ed this is be.ause o% a terminal 'roblem+ *ormally9 a terminal has good 'o8er .ontrol 'er%orman.e9 enabling it to .ontrol the transmit 'o8er based on s'e.i%i. en,ironment so as to redu.e its im'a.t on other terminals+ As a result9 a normal terminal 8ill not ha,e great im'a.t on the BTSOs RSSIs+ But i% the terminalOs 'o8er .ontrol %un.tion %ails9 it 8ill send the signals at a high 'o8er9 thus leading to high RSSIs+
)2
Solution
3uring the tests at R-$ test 'ort o% the BTS9 a high C34A signal is %ound+ The test results sho8 the u'lin5 noise %loor is in normal range+ HThe noise %loor is less than /#0 dBm at 1+)7 4;> band8idth+J
Summar)
The RSSI alarms .aused by terminal 'roblems ha,e the %ollo8ing %eaturesC
The RSSIs o% one .arrier o% main or di,ersity lin5 stay high9 8hile the other .arriersD RSSIs are normal+ S.anning the .arrier 8ith abnormal RSSIs .annot %ind any narro8band inter%eren.e signal+
70
AppA Re,erences
A01
RSSI 1uer) %ethod

-or ZT$ C34A BTSs9 their RSSIs .an be :ueried in the O4C+ The o'erations are as %ollo8sC 1+ In the O4C system9 .hoose U?ie8sV //W U&er%orman.e 4anagementV to dis'lay the &er,ormance %anagement 8indo8+ Choose U&er%orman.e 4anagementV //W UOriginal 3ata BueryV+ In the dialog boA that 'o's u'9 .hoose UI& R- 3ata Ob1e.tV or U;irs R- 3ata Ob1e.tV %or the USele.t &er%orman.e Ob1e.tV+ Choose UBuery by Grou'V in :uery .ondition and U70 minutesV in the 'eriod9 and set the start and end times+ In the :uery .ondition9 .hoose the BTSs 8hose RSSIs are to be :ueried+ In the Attribute %iled9 .hoose .orre.t o'tions+ By de%ault9 all o'tions are .hosen+ U'on .om'letion o% :uery9 .li.5 $A.el i.on to sa,e the :uery result as an $A.el %ile+
)+ 7+
<+
!+ =+ #+
A04
Re'erse Spectrum Scanning

ZT$Os CBTS I) and BTSB I< ha,e re,erse s'e.trum s.anning %un.tion9 8hi.h .an be used to s.an the re,erse re.ei,ed s'e.trum o% a se.tor+ By analy>ing the s.anning result9 you .an see i% there is any inter%eren.e signal as 8ell as the .hara.teristi.s o% the inter%eren.e signal9 su.h as band Hnarro8 or 8ideJ9 %re:uen.y and am'litude+ To 'er%orm the s'e.trum s.anning %un.tion9 do the %ollo8ing in the O4C systemC 1+ Choose U?ie8sV //W USystem ToolsV //W UBTS 3ata Obser,ationV to o'en BTS 3ata Obser,ation 8indo8+ Choose UReal/time Obser,ationV //W US'e.trum S.anningV+ Choose U3ata O'erationV //W USet Obser,ation Ob1e.tV and in the inter%a.e that dis'lays9 sele.t .orres'onding BTS9 .ells and main@di,ersity Choose U3ata O'erationV //W UStart Obser,ationV to start the obser,ation+
)+ 7+
<+
71
!+
A%ter the S.anning Su..ess%ul message is dis'layed9 double/.li.5 the desired line H.ellJ and you .an see the re,erse s'e.trum+ Or you .an sele.t one or more %re:uen.ies to see their s'e.trums+
=+
The %ollo8ing %igures sho8 s'e.trum s.anning results obtained in the O4C+ -rom these %igures9 you .an see the di%%eren.e bet8een main and di,ersity s'e.trums as 8ell as the narro8band inter%eren.e signals in main and di,ersity band8idths+
-igure 1" Re,erse S'e.trum S.anningC 4ain RSSIs Are *ormal9 8hile 3i,ersity RSSIs Are 6o8
-igure 12 Re,erse S'e.trum S.anningC *arro8band Inter%eren.e Signals &resent in 4ain and 3i,ersity Band8idth
7)

ZXC10 BSSB RSSI Alarm Troubleshooting Guide R1 1

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ZXC10 BSSB RSSI Alarm Troubleshooting Guide Internal Use Only

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ZXC10 BSSB RSSI Alarm Troubleshooting Guide Internal Use Only

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ZXC10 BSSB RSSI Alarm Troubleshooting Guide Internal Use Only

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Table ) &rodu.t ?ersion &roduct ZXC10/BSSB *ersion ?"+)0+0< and higher

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"ormal RSSI Range

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-igure 1 Statisti.al RSSI 3ata

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#ault ocation Tool

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Checking BTS Alarm

Checking Radio &arameter

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Anal)Aing Characteristics o, Abnormal RSSI *alues

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Time3'ariant Characteristics o, RSSI Strength

-igure ) RSSI ?alues o% a Region

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-igure 7 Abru't In.rease o% RSSIs in a &eriod

-igure < ;igh 4ain RSSIs a%ter a 3O Carrier Being Added

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