URBAN DESIGN

THEORY CLASSES FOR VII SEMESTER VAISHNAVI SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING, HYDERABAD

ASHOK BHAIRI M.ARCH- URBAN DESIGN[CEPT UNIVERSITY]

UNITUNIT -1

ARCHITECTURE URBAN DESIGN PLANNING

INTERFACE

Land Form Climate Scale Style Material T h l Technology Finance Bye- Laws

Paths Districts Edges Landmarks Nodes Ti & Time& Mobility Vista & Skyline

Green belt Zoning g Housing Public Buildings Roads/Rail Infrastructure

ASSIGNMENT

UNITUNIT -2

CITIES C S THROUGH O G HISTORY: S O CLASSICAL, C SS C MEDIEVAL, NEO CLASSICAL, INDUSTRIAL TOWNS CHARACTERISTICS OF INDIAN CITIES: COLONIAL TOWNS

EVOLUTION

Shelters / Colony Settlements Classical- individuals / groups Medievel- Kingship, Kingship Wars Wars, Religion Religion, Neo Classical- Renaissance- Art influence, Restructure World War affects Restructure, Industrial Modern philosophy, Ideal towns, grid pattern, tt Cl Classification ifi ti of f activities[zones] ti iti [ ] etc t

CLASSICAL / ANCIENT CITIES

EGYPT- KAHUN - 2500 BC designed to accommodate workmen and officials engaged in construction of pyramids INDIA- INDUS VALLEY CIVILISATION MOHANJO-DARO MOHANJO DARO_ 2600 BC Designed for a population of 40,000-60,000 Proper arrangement of roads, roads housing blocks blocks, public places- like public bath, plazas etc

KAHUN - 2500 BC
EGYPT- KAHUN - 2500 BC designed g to accommodate workmen and officials engaged in construction of pyramids

MOHANJOMOHANJO -DARO_ 2600 BC

INDIA- INDUS VALLEY CIVILISATION MOHANJO-DARO_ 2600 BC Designed g for a p population p of 40,000-60,000 , , Proper arrangement of roads, housing blocks, public placesplaces like public bath, plazas etc

MEDIEVAL TOWNS

Fortress towns, Castle Towns, High Elevations, Built atop hills Centers of agricultural domains- town boundaries could be reached in half a day journey Craftsmen lived and worked Town walls expanded, along with the growth of population Relied heavily on security Walls, plazas, church, public buildings, most important street patterns- appears like maze but very functional f ti l Grid layout forms essentially by colonial outposts

MEDIEVAL TOWNS

NEO CLASSICAL CITIES / RENAISSANCE

3 Events marks the transition The dawn of Science Fall of Constantinople Discovery of new worldend world end of 15th Century Architecture and town design as a single themeLeon Battista Alberti Ideal cities- Star shaped Cities like- rebuilding rome- St Peters square in 1660

NEO CLASSICAL CITIES / RENAISSANCE

INDUSTRIAL CITIES

Large Working Population Large g scale operations p on textile p plants Transportation Networks Tony GarniersFrench Architect1901-04 1901-04_ hypothetical city- Une Cite Industrielle Inspired by and built by Dutch Architect JJP Oud build workers colony at RotterdamS Spanish i h business b i man and d Engineer E i D Arturo Don At S i Soria Y Mata- Linear city R il Railways, Lift TelephoneLifts, T l h 3 key k factors f t of f exploded l d d reasons of Architecture and Planning

NEW ATTITUDE TOWARDS NATURE

Ebenezer Howard- Tomorrow: A peaceful path to social reform- 1898. book talks about Garden city concept. George Perking Marsh- Man and Nature book1862 Pattrick Geddes- Cities in Evolution book- 1915 Relationship between man and nature & people and Cities and effect on each other

COLONIAL CITIES

Port Cities Bombay y Madras Calcutta Pondicherry

Hill Stations Shimla Nainital Mussorriee Darjeeling Ooty O t Kodaikanal Manthan

Cantonments Delhi Bangalore Nagpur Secunderbad Pune P

COLONIAL CITIES

COLONIAL CITIES_BOMBAY

COLONIAL CITIES_CALCUTTA

COLONIAL CITIES_MADRAS

COLONIAL CITIES_PONDICHERRY

COLONIAL CITIES_CANTONMENTS

COLONIAL CITIES_ DELHI

COLONIAL CITIES_POONA

COLONIAL CITIES_BANGALORE, BARODA

COLONIAL CITIES_HILL STATIONS

COLONIAL CITIES_DARJEELING

COLONIAL CITIES_DARJEELING

COLONIAL CITIES_ SHIMLA

COLONIAL CITIES_KODAIKANAL

COLONIAL CITIES_ MUSSOORIE

COLONIAL CITIES_ RANIKHET

UNITUNIT -3
MODERN MOVEMENTS: CITY BEAUTIFUL GARDEN CITY UTOPIAN CITIES CHANGING STRUCTURE OF CITIES: SECTORS S S BLOCKS STREETS SQUARES OPEN SPACES

MODERN MOVEMENTMOVEMENT- BOOKS

EBENEZER HOWARD, GARDEN CITIES OF TOMORROW CHARLES MULFORD ROBINSON, MODERN CIVIC ART PATRICK GEDDES GEDDES, CITIES IN EVOLUTION NELSON P. LEWIS, PLANNING THE MODERN CITY JOHN NOLEN, , NEW TOWNS FOR OLD CLARENCE PERRY, THE NEIGHBORHOOD UNIT PATRICK ABERCROMBIE, TOWN AND COUNTRY PLANNING THOMAS ADDAMS OUTLINE OF TOWN AND CITY PLANNING

FREDERICK LAW OLMSTED, , PUBLIC PARKS AND THE ENLARGEMENT OF TOWNS ALBERTO SORIA Y MATA, THE LINEAR CITY A.D. A D SANDERSON FURNISS & MARION PHILLIPS PHILLIPS, THE WORKING WOMANS HOUSE CATHERINE BAUER, , MODERN HOUSING REXFORD TUGWELL, THE FOURTH POWER RICHARD NEUTRA, RUSH CITY REFORMED

CITY BEAUTIFUL MOVEMENT

The City Beautiful Movement was a reform philosophy hil h of f North N hA American i architecture hi and d urban b planning that flourished during the 1890s and 1900s with ith the th intent i t t of f introducing i t d i beautification b tifi ti and d monumental grandeur in cities. City Beautiful movement included 4 main elements or themes: Municipal art Civic improvement p Outdoor art Classical design

CITY BEAUTIFUL MOVEMENT

Municipal art Promotion of decoration in the city p , statues Addition of sculpture, Public art display arches, murals, fountains tree planting Use of color in public spaces , anti billboards and anti smoke campaigns Sought to temper the effect of industrialization in the domestic (home and neighborhood) environment Often led by women who promoted: Cleanup and beautification of communities improvement i in i appearance of f front f yards d Promotion of decorative home gardens Led by American Park and Outdoor Art Association (APOAA) Frederick F d i k Law L Olmsted Ol t d a major j figure fi of f APOAA and d - American A i Civic Ci i Association joined APOAA*. Together they pushed for: a National Park System, city parks for enjoyment working people, planned urban development, development better housing, housing civic art, art sanitation and traffic safety. Led by Architects Objective: to integrate European classicism and grand design in American city, including: traditional Grecian-Roman design themes, into city plans. See for Example: Daniel Burnhams Plan of Chicago [But [B t preceded d d by b other th examples l like lik Pi Pierre LEnfants LE f t street t t plan l of f Washington , D.C. in 1790]

Civic improvement

Outdoor art

Classical design

CITY BEAUTIFUL MOVEMENT

CITY BEAUTIFUL MOVEMENT

Daniel D i l Burnham B h : 1893 Chicago Worlds Fair orderl and clean orderly aesthetic rather than social sensibility grandiose and ambitious The S.F. Plan (1905) The Chicago Plan (1909)

CITY BEAUTIFUL MOVEMENT

1822-1903 advanced quite impressively for a park superintendent without a college degree g with Calvert Vaux (1847) won the competition & went on to design: Prospect Park (1865-1873), Chicago's Riverside subdivision Buffalo's park system (1868-1876), the park at Niagara Falls (1887) In later years worked on Bostons park system, the Emerald Necklace and the 1893 World's Fair in Chicago

GARDEN CITY
Ebenezer Howard- 1850-1928 No training in urban planning or design, a Stenographer Opposed urban crowding/density p to create a magnet g p people p would want to come Hoped to Garden Cities of To-morrow To morrow (1902) three magnets town (high wages wages, opportunity opportunity, and amusement) country (natural beauty, low rents, fresh air) town country (combination of both) town-country separated from central city by greenbelt t two actually t ll built b ilt i in E England l d Letchworth W l Welwyn

GARDEN CITY

GARDEN CITY
Would combine the best elements of city and country Would avoid the worst elements of city and country, Formed the basis of the earliest suburbs, Central city with 58000 population and 30000 [6000 acres] smaller garden cities An ideal, self-contained community of predetermined area and population surrounded by a greenbelt Was intended to bring together the economic and cultural advantages of both city and country life while at the same time discouraging metropolitan sprawl and industrial centralization Land ownership would be vested in the community (socialist element) Howard organized the garden-city association (1899) in england and secured backing for the establishment of letchworth and welwyn

GARDEN CITY

GARDEN CITY

UTOPIAN MODELS
Le Corbusier (1920s): skyscrapers in parks apartment tower idea caught on, but not the park setting bland concrete apartment building is everywhere

UTOPIAN MODELS

UTOPIAN MODELS
Very high density 1,200 people per acre in skyscrapers Overcrowded sectors of paris & london ranged from 169213 pers./Acre at the time Manhattan has only 81 pers./Acre 120 people per acre in luxury houses 6 to 10 times denser than current luxury housing in the u.S. Multi-level traffic system to manage the intensity of traffic Access to green space Between 48% and 95% of the surface area is reserved for green space Gardens Squares Sports fields Restaurants Theaters With no sprawl, access to the protected zone (greenbelt/open space) is quick and easy

UTOPIAN MODELS
Frank Lloyd Wright (1930s): Broadacre City his small house with carport became more or less the A American i standard t d di in th the 1950 1950s his dream of a decentralized, automobile-dependent society i t materialized t i li d Wrights vision, with 1-acre lots, would have created even worse traffic nightmares Later realized the land supply logistics, scheme unveiled as Mile Mile- High Skyscraper

UTOPIAN MODELS

low-density car-oriented freeways +feeder roads multinucleated

UTOPIAN MODELS
Louis Kahn- Philadelphia movement proposals Kenzo tange- Plan for Tokyo

STRUCTURE OF CITY

CHANGING STRUCTURE OF CITIES: CITIES SECTORS BLOCKS STREETS SQUARES OPEN SPACES

CHANDIGARH

CHANDIGARH

CHANDIGARH

CHANDIGARH

CHANDIGARH

CHANDIGARH

UNIT 4

DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES URBAN ARTS COMMISSION MASTER PLAN ZONING REGULATIONS LANDUSES RESIDENTIAL, COMMERCIAL, INDUSTRIAL, RECREATIONAL ETC PATTERNS OF SUBDIVISION & LAND DEVELOPMENT

DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES
ROLE:

PLANNING, CO-ORDINATION, SUPERVISING, PROMOTING AND SECURING THE PLANNED DEVELOPMENT OF THE DEVELOPMENT REGION CO ORDINTES WITH THE LOCAL MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS, MUNICIPALITIES, LOCAL AUTHORITIES FOR THE INTEGRATED GROWTH OF THE CITY MANAGES THE DEVELOPMENT FUND, , UNDERTAKES DEVELOPMENT OF AMENITIES AND INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITIES THROUGH URBAN LOCAL BODIES(ULB) HERITAGE, CONSERVATION, LAYOUT O C O S, U URBAN FORESTRY O S ETC C PROTECTIONS, APPROVALS, LAKE

HYDERABAD
HYDERABAD METROPOLITAN DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY:

THE HYDERABAD METROPOLITAN DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY WAS FORMED BY AN ACT (GO MS. MS NO. NO 570 MA DT: 25-08-2008) OF THE ANDHRA PRADESH LEGISLATURE IN THE YEAR 2008, WITH AN AREA OF 7,100 SQ KM UNDER ITS PURVIEW. IT IS THE 2ND LARGEST URBAN DEVELOPMENT AREA IN INDIA AFTER THE BANGALORE METROPOLITAN REGION DEVELOPMENT (8,005 , SQ KM) ) AUTHORITY ( HMDA WAS FORMED BY THE MERGING OF THE FOLLOWING ERSTWHILE ENTITIES - HYDERABAD URBAN DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY (HUDA), HYDERABAD AIRPORT DEVELOPMENT (HADA), ), CYBERABAD DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY AUTHORITY ( (CDA) AND BUDDHA POORNIMA PROJECT AUTHORITY (BPPA) 2011 CENSUS, THE HYDERABAD URBAN AGGLOMERATION HAD A POPULATION OF 7,749,334, 7 749 334 MAKING IT THE SIXTH MOST POPULOUS URBAN AGGLOMERATIONIN THE COUNTRY. THE POPULATION DENSITY IS 18,480 , /KM2

HYDERABAD

URBAN ARTS COMMISSION

THE DELHI URBAN ART COMMISSION WAS SET UP BY AN ACT OF PARLIAMENT IN 1973 TO "ADVISE THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA IN THE MATTER OF PRESERVING, DEVELOPING AND MAINTAINING THE AESTHETIC QUALITY OF URBAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN WITHIN DELHI TO PROVIDE ADVICE AND GUIDANCE TO ANY LOCAL BODY IN RESPECT OF ANY PROJECT OF BUILDING OPERATIONS OR ENGINEERING OPERATIONS OR ANY DEVELOPMENT PROPOSAL WHICH AFFECTS OR IS LIKE TO AFFECT THE SKYLINE OR THE AESTHETIC QUALITY OF THE SURROUNDINGS OR ANY PUBLIC AMENITY PROVIDED THEREIN.

URBAN ARTS COMMISSION

THE COMMISSION WITH THE APPROVAL OF THE GOVERNMENT HAS TAKEN UP IMPORTANT CITY LEVEL PROJECTS INDICATED BELOW SITE SPECIFIC DESIGNS FOR WARDS REHABILITATION PROPOSALS FOR UNAUTHORIZED COLONY/SLUMS ONE PROPOSAL IN RESPECT OF VISION FOR DELHI HIGH RISE DEVELOPMENT PROPOSALS ALONG METRO CORRIDORS REJUVENATION OF DELHIS GARDENS PREPARATION O OF O DESIGN S G AND PROTOTYPE O O FOR O HIGH-TECH G C PUBLIC TOILETS UNIFIED BUILDING BYE-LAWS FOR DELHI

MASTER PLAN
MASTER PLAN FOR THE DEVELOPMENT CITY CONSTITUTES THE FOLLOWING: LANDUSE ZONING RESIDENTIAL,COMMERCIAL, INDUSTRIAL, OPEN SPACES, ETC ROAD AND TRANSPORTATION NETWORK, RAIL, METRO, FOOTPATHS ETC SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE SCHOOLS, HOSPITALS, LIBRARIES,TOWN HALLS ETC PHYSICAL S C INFRASTRUCTURE: S C WATER SUPPLY, SEWERAGE & SANITATION, STORM WATER DRAINAGE, SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT, HAZARDUS WASTE MANAGEMENT RECREATION, OPEN SPACES, WATER BODIES FOREST, SPECIAL RESERVATION ZONES CONSERVATION

ZONING REGULATIONS
Category Type / Use of Building Plot permissible Minimum abutting existing road width required (in meters)

SITES IN OLD /EXISTING BUILT-UP AREAS /CONGESTED AREAS /SETTLEMENT / GRAM KHANTAM/ABAD All Residential (other than Group Housing) & with maximum permissible height of 10 m 9* For other categories the Minimum road width shall be as given in B1 Category SITES IN NEW AREAS / APPROVED LAYOUT AREAS Non-High Rise (Residential) Buildings including Group Housing (Cellar and / or Stilt as permissible + maximum up to 5 floors), Basic level social amenities like Nursery School, Primary School / Religious Place /Clinic / Dispensary / Diagnostic Laboratory g Rise Buildings g / Complexes p up p to height g of 24 meters, Non High g Rise Group p High Housing (Cellars as applicable + 6 floors), Group Housing with more than 100 units, Group Development Scheme; Middle school / Tutorial institution / General Industry / Godown / Petrol / Diesel/ Gas Filling Station; High School, Junior College/ Commercial Complex Computer units /Office Building, Complex, Building ITES Complex, Complex Nursing Home /Hospital of not more than 20 beds / Community Hall/Function/Marriage Hall/ Assembly Hall/Cinema Theater; Service establishment / Workshop; Others not specified in the Table and all Non High High-Rise Rise buildings up to 18m height

B B1

9 **

12

B2

B3

General Degree and other non-professional College / Polytechnic, ITI; Professional College Campus; Multiplex Complexes, Shopping Malls (above 4000sq.m), Hospitals of more than 20 beds and all High-Rise buildings above 24m and up to 30 m height All above 30 meters will be permitted as per the Minimum Road width and setbacks as specified in Table-IV of rule-7

18

B4

ZONING REGULATIONS
Sl. No. Plot Size (in Sq. m) Above Up to 2 Less than 50 50-100 100 - 200 200 - 300 Parking provision Height (in m) Permissib le Up to 4 7 Stilt floor 7 10 10 7 10 5 300 - 400 Stilt floor 7 12 6 400 - 500 Stilt floor 7 12 7 7 * 500 - 750 Stilt floor 12 15 Stilt S il + One Cellar floor 7 12 15 7 9 1000 - 1500 Stilt + 2 Cellar floors 12 15 18** Stilt + 2 Cellar floors 7 15 18** Building Line or Minimum Front Setback to be left (in m) Abutting Road Width Above Above Up to Above 12m & up to 18m & up 24m & up Above 30m 12m 18m to to 30m 24 m 5 6 7 8 9 1.5 1.5 1.5 15 1.5 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 1.5 1.5 1.5 15 1.5 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 3 3 3 3 4 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 3 3 3 3 5 6 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 75 7.5 7.5 7.5 75 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 Minimum setbacks on remaining sides (in m) 10 0.5 10 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.5 2.0 2.0 2.5 25 2.5 3.0 3.5 30 3.0 3.5 4.0 3.5 4.0 5.0 6.0 40 4.0 5.0 6.0

1 1 2 3 4

750 - 1000

10

1500 - 2500

ZONING REGULATIONS
Minimum Mi i all-round open space on remaining sides above Up to (in meters) ( )* 1 2 3 4 21 12 7 21 24 12 8 24 27 18 9 27 30 18 10 30 35 24 11 35 40 24 12 40 45 24 13 45 50 30 14 50 55 30 16 AFTER 55M 0.5M 0 5M ADDITIONAL SETBACK FOR EVERY 5M OF HEIGHT SHALL BE INSISTED Height of building (in meters) Minimum abutting road width required (in meters) TOWER AND PODIUM TYPE BUILDING: STEPPED TYPE OR PYRAMIDAL TYPE BUILDING: MULTIPLEX COMPLEXES GROUP DEVELOPMENT SCHEMES, ROW TYPE HOUSING / ROW TYPE SHOPPING PRECINCTS, CLUSTER HOUSING, PROVISIONS FOR ECONOMICALLY WEAKER SECTION (EWS) ( ) / LOW INCOME GROUP ( (LIG) ) HOUSING CATEGORY, BUILDINGS WITH CENTRAL COURTYARD FOR COMMERCIAL USE

ZONING REGULATIONS
Sl. No Category of building/ activity Parking area to be provided as percentage of total built up area All Municipal Corporations Municipalities/ N.Ps/ G.Ps. HMDA Area & other than UDA Areas UDA Areas Municipalities Municipalities Selection & Other / All Municipal / N.Ps/ G.Ps. Special GHMC N.Ps/ G.Ps. Municipalities in UDA Grade Corporations in / N.Ps/ G.Ps. Areas Municipalities HMDA Area 3 4 5 6 7 8 60 50 60 50 60 50

1 1 2

2 Multiplexes Shopping Malls (above 4000 sq.m), Information Technology Enabling Services Complexes Hotels, Restaurants, Lodges, Cinema halls Business halls, buildings, Other Commercial buildings, Kalyana Mandapams, Offices, & High-Rise Buildings / Complexes of Non Residential Category Residential Apartment Complexes, Hospitals, Institutional buildings, Industrial b ildi buildings, S Schools, h l Colleges, Other Educational Buildings & Godowns & Others

60

50

50

40

40

30

40

30

30

25

25

25

30

20

20

20

20

20

PATTERNS OF DEVELOPMENTS

UNIT 5

ELEMENTS OF URBAN SPACES: SQUARES AND STREETS LANDSCAPES IN URBAN DESIGN LIGHTING AND ILLUMINATION OF CITIES SIGNAGE AND ELEMENTS OF UTILITY SERVICES

SQUARES, PLAZAS
INTEGRATES THE SPACES PEDESTRIAN ORIENTED , CULTURAL OCASSIONS, , SCOPE EXTENDS TO ART SHOWS, PROTESTS, GATHERINGS LANDSCAPE PLAYS MAJOR ROLE ELEMENTS OF WATER, WATER SCULPTURES KIDS ZONES

SQUARES, PLAZAS

PIAZZA SAN MARCO, VENICE

PIAZZA DEL CAMPO ITALY

ELEMENTS OF SQUARES
LANDSCAPES, WATER, TREES, AVENUES

ELEMENTS OF SQUARES
FURNITURE, ART

ELEMENTS OF SQUARES
FURNITURE, ART

UNIT 6

URBAN CONSERVATION TRENDS AND ROLE IN CITY CHARACTER

URBAN CONSERVATION

URBAN CONSERVATION

URBAN CONSERVATION
CITY AS URBAN SPACE JAIPUR, JAISLAMER, GOA, PONDICHERRY, DELHI, CHANDIGARH

URBAN CONSERVATION
TRENDS: HOTELS,RESORTS, TOURISM, HERITAGE SITES, HERITAGE WALK

URBAN CONSERVATION
IMPACT ON CITY CHARACTER:

HISTORICAL CONTEXT AND SPACE PLANNING IDENTITY TO THE REGION PREVAILING PLANNING METHODS PEDESTRIAN ORINTED SPACES FOR RELIGIOUS ACTIVITIES JUXTAPOSITION OF OLD AND NEW TECHNIQUES OF CONSTRUCTION

references

Bacon, N. Edmund. Design of Cities. Penguin Books, New York, 1976. Benevolo , Leonard. History of the City. City Krier, Krier Rob. Rob Urban Space Space, 3rd ed. ed Academy Editions Editions, London, 1984. Moughtin, Cliff and Others. Urban Design: Ornament and Decoration. ButterworthHeinemann, London, 1995. Moughtin, Cliff. Urban Design Street and Square. Mumford, Lewis. City in History: Its origin transformation and its prospects. Sprelregen, Paul. Urban Design: The Architecture of Towns and Cities. Lynch, Kwin, the Image of the city Cambridge mass: MIT press, 1965 Rangwala, Town Planning , Charotar Publsihsings, 2012 www.uspace.shef.ac.uk www.userwww.sfsu.edu www.utexas.edu t d www.myteacherpages.com www.hmda.gov.in