Year 1 Drugs List Page 1/10

Year 1 Drugs List

REMEMBER, THERE MAYBE OTHER USES FOR THE DRUGS LISTED THAN THE ONES STATED THESE ARE WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW FOR YEAR 1 Drug Na!e Acebutolol Acetazolamide Fu"#ti$" Decrease slope of phase 4 depolarisation in nodal tissue. arbonic Anh!drase "nhibitor# $ea% diuretic effect# decreases &a' reabsorption b! diminishing suppl! of ('. )sed to treat glaucoma. ,ne of the main transmitters in the peripheral ner-ous s!stem and is released b! cholinergic ner-es to produce a $ide range of effects . all preganglionic neurons# most postganglionic paras!mpathetic ner-es and motor ner-es to s%eletal muscle release A h. Produces its effects b! stimulating cholinoceptors *main classes. muscarinic and nicotinic+. A catecholamine released from the adrenal medulla. /timulates both a0 and *1adrenoceoptors. )sed clinicall! in emergencies to ele-ate 2P# e.g. in anaph!lactic shoc%. Also %no$n as epinephrine. 3orms an artificial ph!sio0chemical barrier to strengthen the mucosal barrier in the stomach or lo$er oesophagus and hence reduce the effects of e4cess stomach acid. Acts as a chemical buffer to nuetralise e4cess stomach acid. 5' retention. 2loc%s &a' channels at D 6. 7ater soluble form of 6heoph!lline. Little effect on upstro%e# increases AP duration and prolongs refractoriness. alcium entr! bloc%er. Act on D 6 to increase /odium and 7ater e4cretion. An indirectl! acting s!mpathomimetic amine $hich causes release of noradrenaline from s!mpathetic ner-e endings. 6he released noradrenaline then acts on post0s!naptic adrenoceptors. Abused for its &/ stimulant actions. Phosphodiesterase inhibitor# pre-ents the brea%do$n of cA8P. &/A"D *&on0steroidal anti0inflammator! drug+. "nhibits thromobo4ane production and pre-ents platelets from aggregating. A selecti-e competiti-e 910adrenoceptor antagonist. )sed
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Acet!lcholine *A h+

Adrenaline

Alginic acid

Aluminium (!dro4ide Amiloride Aminoph!lline Amiodarone Amlodipine Amphetamine

Amrinone Aspirin Atenolol

Year 1 Drugs List Page =/10

in h!pertension and angina pectoris to bloc% effect of s!mpathetic ner-es in the heart and %idne! and reduces cardiac output and renin release. Atracurium A competiti-e *non0depolarising+ neuromuscular bloc%ing agent $hich bloc%s muscle nicotinic receptors on s%eletal muscle. )sed in surgical anaesthesia to paral!se -oluntar! muscle. lassical competiti-e receptor antagonist of A h at all muscarinic receptors. "t bloc%s most of the effects of stimulating the paras!mpathetic ner-ous s!stem and has man! uses. Decrease slope of phase 4 depolarisation in nodal tissue. 6hiazide. "nhibits &a' reabsorption. )sed in treatment of h!pertension# mild heart failure and oedema. Adrenergic neurone bloc%ers. Li%el! to cause postural h!pertension. 7hen gi-en acutel! can cause a fall in peripheral resistance. 2ecause of their man! side0effects# the! are no longer in clinical use. /timulant purgati-e. Acts b! indirect stimulation of propulsi-e motilit! in the intestine and colon -ia peristaltic refle4es or a direct action on the m!enteric ple4us. )sed to alle-iate constipation. A to4in produced b! the microorganism Clostridium botulinum $hich pre-ents release of A h from all cholinergic ner-es. ,ne of the causes of food poisoning. 8inor# highl! specialised clinical uses. Little effect on upstro%e# increases AP duration and prolongs refractoriness. An adrenergic neurone bloc%ing agent $hich inhibits the release of noradrenaline from s!mpathetic ner-es. 3ormerl! used to treat h!pertension and cardiac arrh!thmias. 5' retention. A > inhibitor# therefore indirectl! inhibits aldosterone production. A s!nthetic compound that stimulates both nicotinic and muscarinic cholinoceptors and mimics the actions of A h. A useful e4perimental drug but not used clinicall!. "nhibits dopa decarbo4!lase *i.e. inhibits formation of dopamine and noradrenaline+ in the peripheral ner-ous s!stem but does not enter the brain. )sed in Par%inson?s disease to reduce un$anted effects of increased dopamine s!nthesis in the peripher! *due to administration of L0Dopa+. /timulant purgati-e. Acts b! indirect stimulation of
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Atropine

20bloc%ers 2endrofluazide 2ethanidine

2isacod!l

2otulinum to4in

2ret!lium

aptopril arbachol

arbidopa

ascara

Year 1 Drugs List Page 1/10

propulsi-e motilit! in the intestine and colon -ia peristaltic refle4es or a direct action on the m!enteric ple4us. )sed to alle-iate constipation. hlorothiazide isapride lonidine "nhibits &a' reabsorption. )sed in treatment of h!pertension# mild heart failure and oedema. /ee 8etoclopramide. isapride has been $ithdra$n from use in the )5 and )/A. entral action. Lead to reduced s!mpathetic outflo$ and often cause letharg! and tiredness. An agonist at a=0adrenoceptors. /timulation of a=0adrenoceptors on postganglionic s!mpathetic ner-e endings inhibits release of noradrenaline from these neurons. (as been used to treat h!pertension. A naturall! occurring al%aloid found in the coca plant found in /outh America. "nhibits the re0upta%e of noradrenaline -ia upta%es into noradrenergic neurones and therefore potentiates the effects of noradrenergic transmission. Also possesses local anaesthetic action b! bloc%ing &a' channels in ner-es. Drug of abuse o$ing to &/ stimulant effect and po$erfull! addicti-e. A (=0receptor antagonist# thereb! redcing gastric acid secretion. /old as @6agametA. Directl! acting muscle rela4ant containing peppermint oil $hich is a a=' channel antagonist. an be used for "2/. Adrenergic neurone bloc%ers. Li%el! to cause postural h!pertension. 7hen gi-en acutel! can cause a fall in peripheral resistance. 2ecause of their man! side0effects# the! are no longer in clinical use. "nhibits upta%e of noradrenaline b! upta%e1. )sed as an antidepressant. An organophosphorus compound $hich irre-ersibl! inhibits cholinesterase *i.e. an anticholinesterase drug+ and therefore potentiates the actions of A h at all cholinergic s!napses. /imilar compounds *e.g. sarin+ are ner-e gases used in chemical $arfare. Predominantl! arteriolar action. Cesembles the calcium entr! bloc%ers in dilating arterioles $ith little or no effect on -eins. 3all in 6PC leads to a fall in arterial pressure. "nhibits &a'/5' A6Pase b! competing $ith 5'. Produces a large increase in the force of contraction of cardiac muscle. Also slo$s the heart and slo$s AD conduction. Ceduce the plateau of the AP and slo$ conduction in the
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ocaine

imetidine olpermin DebrisoBuine

Desmeth!limipramine D3P

Diazo4ide

Digo4in

Diltiazem

Year 1 Drugs List Page 4/10

nodal tissue. Disop!ramide Dobutamine Decrease upstro%e -elocit! and prolong AP duration. A selecti-e agonist at 910adrenoceptors. )sed to stimulate cardiac 910adrenoceptors in cardiogenic shoc% to impro-e cardiac output *increase in heart rate and force of contraction+. a0adrenoceptor bloc%ers. "nterfere $ith the constrictor function of the s!mpathetic in both arterial and -enous beds# but donEt bloc% s!mpathetic stimulation of the heart. 6he! interfere $ith postural refle4es. 6reatment $ith a10 selecti-e adrenoceptor bloc%ers such as do4asin has less side effects. lassical competiti-e *non0depolarising+ neuromuscular bloc%ing drug $hich is an antagonist of A h at nicotinic receptors. Also bloc%s autonomic ganglia and releases histamine from mast cells *un$anted effects+ and has been superseded b! other drugs *e.g. atracurium# see earlier+. A short0acting re-ersible anticholinesterase drug *see D3P+ used in the diagnosis of m!aesthenia gra-is. "nhibitor of A >. Pre-ent production of aldosterone# natriuretic function. An indirectl! acting s!mpathomimetic amine $hich causes release of noradrenaline from s!mpathetic ner-es. /timulated during renal h!po4ia# con-erts progenitor cells in bone marro$ to proer!throblasts. Decrease upstro%e -elocit! and little effect on AP duration. "nhibit &a' reabsorption# $hich produces a rapid and po$erful diuresis. )sed in treatment of acute pulmonar! oedema# refractor! oedema# acute renal failure and chronic heart failure. ombination of alginic acid and aluminium h!dro4ide. 2oth reduce e4cess stomach acid. 6hese are classical &, donors used in Angina Pectoris. Adrenergic neurone bloc%ers. Li%el! to cause postural h!pertension. 7hen gi-en acutel! can cause a fall in peripheral resistance. "nhibits the release of noradrenaline from s!mpathetic ner-es. )sed in h!pertension because it reduces cardiac output and produces -asodilatation .2ecause of their man! side0effects# the! are no longer in clinical use. A ganglion bloc%ing agent $hich bloc%s neurotransmission

Do4asin

d06ubocurarine

>drophonium >nalapril >phedrine >r!thropoietin 3lecainide 3rusemide

:a-iscon :l!cer!l 6rinitrate :uanethidine

(e4amethonium

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Year 1 Drugs List Page F/10

at all autonomic ganglion and inhibits all autonomic function. "t produces a $ide range of effects $hich illustrates the ph!siological functions regulated b! the A&/. 7or%s b! bloc%ing the ion channel opened b! A h. Ceduce , b! lo$ering DP and the le-el of cardiac stimulation. "nterfere $ith paras!mpathetic function as $ell as s!mpathetic# so potential side effects are dr! mouth# paral!sis of accommodation# male impotence and constipation. &o longer used clinicall! because large range of side effects caused b! bloc%ing all autonomic ganglia. (omatropine An antagonist of A h at muscarinic receptors *similar to atropine but a shorter duration of action+. )sed in e!e drops to produce m!driasis and bloc% the light refle4. Predominantl! arteriolar action. Cesembles the calcium entr! bloc%ers in dilating arterioles $ith little or no effect on -eins. 3all in 6PC leads to a fall in arterial pressure. 6hiazide. "nhibits &a' reabsorption. )sed in treatment of h!pertension# mild heart failure and oedema. A muscarinic antagonist similar to atropine and homatropine. )sed to treat motion sic%ness and also a mild sedati-e. Produces bronchodilatation $ith less s!stemic side effects than atropine. A 8A, inhibitor $hich increases noradrenergic transmission. &ot used clinicall!. A s!nthetic catecholamine $hich is an agonist at all t!pes of *10adrenoceptor. 5no$n as isoproterenol in )/A. &ot used much clinicall! but $as used to produce bronchodilatation in asthma 0 usage stopped because of cardiac side effects. Cela4 -ascular and other t!pes of smooth muscle but ha-e a preferential effect on -eins and in clinicall! used doses lead to a substantial increase in -enous capacitance $ith onl! a small fall in peripheral arteriolar resistance. Also account for the acti-it! of >DC3 *>ndothelium Deri-ed Cela4ing 3actor+. Cela4 -ascular and other t!pes of smooth muscle but ha-e a preferential effect on -eins and in clinicall! used doses lead to a substantial increase in -enous capacitance $ith onl! a small fall in peripheral arteriolar resistance. Also account for the acti-it! of >DC3 *>ndothelium Deri-ed Cela4ing 3actor+. &on0absorbable bul%ing agent $hich alle-iates constipation b! bul%ing up and softening the faeces# distending the gut

(!dralazine

(!drochlorothiazide (!oscine

"pratropium 2romide "proniazid "soprenaline

"sosorbide Dinitrate

"sosorbide 8ononitrate

"spaghula hus%s

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Year 1 Drugs List Page G/10

and therefore stimulating motilit!. Labetolol b0adrenoceptor bloc%ers. ,nl! cause a small fall in arterial pressure in normal subHects# but can cause a large fall in pressure in some h!pertension patients. All 20adrenoceptor bloc%ers are absolutel! contra0indicated in patients at ris% of bronchospasm. Decrease upstro%e -elocit! and shorten AP duration. "nhibitor of A >. Pre-ent production of aldosterone# natriuretic function. ,piate receptor agonist relie-ing diarrhoea. 7or% b! reducing propulsi-e acti-it! in the intestine and increasing segmenting acti-it!. Decrease upstro%e -elocit! and little effect on AP duration. Angiotensin "" t!pe " receptor antagonist. ,smotic diuretic# $hich increases the osmotic strength of a solution. )sed in the treatment of cerebral oedema. )sed to treat intra0cranial# intra0ocular pressure# pre-ention of acute renal failure# increases renal e4cretion of some poisons. An agonist at muscarinic receptors $hich is h!drol!sed b! cholinesterase. /ometimes used to test bronchial responsi-eness in chest medicine. entral action. Lead to reduced s!mpathetic outflo$ and often cause letharg! and tiredness. A motilit! stimulant acting primaril! on the m!enteric ple4us neurones $here the! act as agonists at the F0(64 *F0 h!dro4!tr!ptamine4+ receptor# releasing A h and /ubstance P. )sed primaril! to treat dela!ed gastric empt!ing from multiple causes such as idiopathic or post0 surger!. Also used to enhance oesophageal peristalsis and increase lo$er oesophageal sphincter tone in patients $ith :,CD. Decrease slope of phase 4 depolarisation in nodal tissue. Phosphodiesterase inhibitor# pre-ents the brea%do$n of cA8P. Predominantl! arteriolar action. Cesembles the calcium entr! bloc%ers in dilating arterioles $ith little or no effect on -eins. 3all in 6PC leads to a fall in arterial pressure. A naturall! occurring compound in a poisonous mushroom $hich stimulates muscarinic A h receptors. &o clinical
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Lignocaine Lisinopril Loperamide

Lorcainide Losartan 8annitol

8ethacholine

8eth!l Dopa 8etoclopramide

8etoprolol 8ilrinone 8ino4idil

8uscarine

Year 1 Drugs List Page I/10

uses but ma! cause accidental poisoning on consuming the mushrooms. (istorical importance in being the drug used b! Dale to define t!pes of A h receptor. &eostigmine A re-ersible medium acting anticholinesterase drug used to re-erse the effects of neuromuscular bloc%ing drugs on respirator! s%eletal muscle after surger! i.e. restores respiration. A natural al%aloid found in the tobacco plant $hich stimulates nicotinic A h receptors. "s responsible for the acute effects of smo%ing or che$ing tobacco. (istorical importance for defining A h receptors. )sed in s%in patches for people gi-ing up cigarette smo%ing. alcium channel antagonists. 6hese compounds bloc% -oltage0dependent a channels and pre-ent the influ4 of a=' ion. )sed in h!pertension and angina pectoris. A substance released b! some &A& ner-es and also the endothelium *lining of blood -essels+ $hich rela4es smooth muscle. 8an! important ph!siological and pathological roles. 6he neurotransmitter released b! nearl! all post0ganglionic s!mpathetic ner-e endings. Acts on J0 and 90adrenoceptors in effector tissues to produce its effects. ,b-ious ph!siological importance but not used clinicall! *also %no$n as norepinephrine+. Proton pump inhibitor reduced gastric acid secretion. /old as @LosecA. omposition of ions and glucose. K0m8 &a'# =0m8 5'# L0 m8 l# 10 m8 ( ,1# 100 m8 glucose. )sed as a reh!dration treatment *caused b!# for e4ample# the holera to4in+ b! acting on the absorpti-e cells at the tips of the -illi in the intestine. :lucose is ta%en up into the cells# and $ater follo$s do$n the concentration gradient. A 90adrenoceptor antagonist $ith partial agonist acti-it!. )ses. similar to propranolol. An agonist at J0adrenoceptors and is used as a nasal decongestant *producing -asoconstriction in nasal lining+. :anglion bloc%ers. Ceduce , b! lo$ering DP and the le-el of cardiac stimulation. "nterfere $ith paras!mpathetic function as $ell as s!mpathetic# so potential side effects are dr! mouth# paral!sis of accommodation# male impotence and constipation. a0adrenoceptor bloc%ers. a0adrenoceptor bloc%ers. An irre-ersible non0selecti-e antagonist at *40adrenoceptors *it

&icotine

&ifedipine

&itric o4ide *&,+

&oradrenaline

,meprazole ,ral Ceh!dration 6reatment *,C6+

,4prenolol ,4!metazoline Pentolinium

Pheno4!benzamine

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Year 1 Drugs List Page L/10

forms co-alent bonds $ith the receptor+ but is fairl! non0specific and also antagonises the actions of A h and histamine. )sed in phaeochromoc!toma to reduce 2P in preparation for surger!."nterfere $ith the constrictor function of the s!mpathetic in both arterial and -enous beds# but donEt bloc% s!mpathetic stimulation of the heart. 6he! interfere $ith postural refle4es. 6reatment $ith a10 selecti-e adrenoceptor bloc%ers such as do4asin has less side effects. Phentolamine A non0selecti-e antagonist of J0adrenoceptors *bloc%s both J10 and J=0 adrenoceptors+ and main effect is to produce -asodilatation. &o clinical use. A classical selecti-e agonist at oci0adrenoceptors and main effect is to produce -asoconstriction. "mportant e4perimental tool but no clinical use. Decrease upstro%e -elocit! and shorten AP duration. An anticholinesterase drug *see D3P+ of medium duration. )sed in e!e drops to treat glaucoma. A selecti-e agonist at muscarinic receptors $hich is not h!drol!sed b! cholinesterase. )sed in e!e drops to treat glaucoma 0 increases drainage through anal of /chlemm due to contracting circular muscle of iris. 8uscarinic *81+ cholinoceptor antagonists. )sed for its inhibitor! effect on gastric acid secretion. A selecti-e antagonist at J10adrenoceptors $ith a relati-el! short action. 8a! be used in essential h!pertension due to its arteriolar dilatation effects but is being superseded b! drugs $ith a longer action *e.g. do4azosin+. Decrease upstro%e -elocit! and prolong AP duration. Decrease upstro%e -elocit! and shorten AP duration. "ndirectl! acting muscle rela4ant useful in "2/. (as an atropine0li%e action. A non0selecti-e antagonist of 90adrenoceptors and produces man! important effects. )sed in the treatment of h!pertension# angina pectoris and cardiac arrh!thmias. Decrease upstro%e -elocit! and prolong AP duration. A (=0receptor antagonist# thereb! redcing gastric acid secretion. /old as @NantacA. ontains al-erine. Directl! acting muscle rela4ant# can be used for "2/.
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Phen!lephrine

Phen!toin Ph!sostigmine Pilocarpine

Pirenzepine Prazosin

Procainamide Propafenone Propantheline 2romide Propranolol

Muinidine Canitidine Cela4!l

Year 1 Drugs List Page K/10

Ceserpine

A drug $hich depletes noradrenaline from noradrenergic ner-e terminals and therefore inhibits s!mpathetic ner-e transmission. entral action. Lead to reduced s!mpathetic outflo$ and often cause letharg! and tiredness. Pre-iousl! used as an anti0h!pertensi-e but no longer used because of serious side effects *can produce se-ere &/ depression+. A selecti-e 9=0adrenoceptor agonist $hich is used in asthma to produce bronchodilatation. 2ronchiolar smooth muscle has 9=0adrenoceptors $hich produce rela4ation $hen stimulated 0 increases air$a! diameter and therefore reduces air$a! resistance. Angiotensin "" antagonists. /timulant purgati-e. Acts b! indirect stimulation of propulsi-e motilit! in the intestine and colon -ia peristaltic refle4es or a direct action on the m!enteric ple4us. )sed to alle-iate constipation. Acts as a chemical buffer to nuetralise e4cess stomach acid. 8i4ed -enous/arteriolar action. A &, donor has more effect on the -enous reser-oir than the resistance -essels. 3all in DP leads to a fall in , $hich leads to a fall in arterial pressure. Little effect on upstro%e# increases AP duration and prolongs refractoriness. 5' retention. ompetiti-e antagonist of aldosterone.

/albutamol

/aralasin /enna

/odium 2icarbonate /odium &itroprusside

/otalol /pironolactone 90bungaroto4in /u4amethonium

A to4in in the -enom of sna%es of the %rait famil!. Acts li%e botulinum to4in. A depolarising *non0competiti-e+ neuromuscular bloc%ing drug $ith a short duration of action. "t is an a onist at muscle nicotinic A h receptors *contrast $ith d0tubocurarine# belo$+ and is used to paral!se s%eletal *-oluntar!+ muscle in short surgical procedures such as tracheal intubation. 5' retention. Diuretic acti-it!. Pre-ents action of phosphodiesterases# and hence pre-ents brea%do$n of cA8P potentiating its action. Potassium sparing diuretic. "ncrease sodium and $ater e4cretion. :anglion bloc%ers. Ceduce , b! lo$ering DP and the

6heoph!lline

6riamterene 6rimetaphan

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Year 1 Drugs List Page 10/10

le-el of cardiac stimulation. "nterfere $ith paras!mpathetic function as $ell as s!mpathetic# so potential side effects are dr! mouth# paral!sis of accommodation# male impotence and constipation. "t is used to produce a large controlled fall in blood pressure in some surgical operations. 6!ramine An indirectl! acting s!mpathomimetic amine $hich re%eases noradrenaline from s!mpathetic ner-e teminals. "t has no clinical use but is present in some foods. Ceduce the plateau of the AP and slo$ conduction in the nodal tissue. An antagonist of J=0adrenoceptors. "t has no clinical use but is claimed to be an aphrodisiac. 6a%en up b! noradrenergic neurones $here it forms the false transmitter ocmeth!lnoradrenaline. 7as used to treat h!pertension but little used no$.

Derapamil Yohimbine J08eth!ldopa

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