SAE Network Fundamental

SAE Network Fundamental
www.huawei.com
Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
References
3GPP TS23401 R8
Page2
Objectives
Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:
Describe the SAE network structure
Describe the SAE Network interface and protocol

Describe the SAE Network working procedures
Page3
Contents
1. SAE Network Structure 2. SAE Network Working Principle
Page4
Contents
Page5
Contents
1. SAE Network Structure
1.1 SAE Network Structure
1.2 SAE Network Interfaces
Page6
3GPP System Evolution

3GPP GSM/ GPRS UMTS: R99/R4/R5/R6/R7 LTE/SAE: R8
1.PS core network only support nonreal time services. 2. Voice services are carried in the CS domain. 3. Low efficiency of routes in forwarding data due to the over-layered networks. 4. Incapability of supporting multiple radio access systems
1. The all-IP network contains the PS. Voice services are jointly provided by the PS and the IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS). 2. Flattened network architecture. 3. Support of the multiple access technologies. 4. High data transmission rate: downlink 100 Mbit/s and uplink traffic 50 Mbit/s.
Page7
The Evolution of PS Network

R6 and its earlier versions R7 non-direct tunnel NodeB RNC SGSN GGSN
SGSN R7 Direct Tunnel Solution
NodeB
RNC
GGSN
MME
R8 SAE
eNodeB
Serving GateWay
PDN GateWay
Control plane User plane
Page8
EPS Network Structure

HSS eNodeB MME S1-MME S6a Gxc S11 Rx Gx PCRF Control plane User plane
LTE -Uu
X2
S1-U
S1-MME eNodeB S1-U
S5
SGi P-GW
Operator's IP Service
S-GW
UE
LTE
SAE
Page9
EPS Network Functions
The EPS network perform the following logical functions :
Network Access Control Functions.
Packet Routeing and Transfer Functions.

Mobility Management Functions. Security Functions. Radio Resource Management Functions. Network Management Functions.
Page10
SAE Network Structure
Co-Site of the S-GW and P-GW

UTRAN NodeB GERAN BTS RNC S6a HSS BSC/PCU MME S11 LTE eNodeB S1-MME S1-U S-GW/P-GW SGi Operator's IP Services S4 Gx Rx
SGSN S12
S3
PCRF
Page11
SAE Network Structure
Separate Installation of the S-GW and P-GW
UTRAN NodeB GERAN BTS RNC
SGSN S12 S3 S6a HSS BSC/PCU MME S1-MME eNodeB S1-U S-GW S11 S4 Gx Rx Operator's IP Services
PCRF
LTE
S5 P-GW
SGi
Page12
Functions of SAE Network Entity

MME: mobility management entity
Non-access stratum (NAS) signaling MME selection for handovers with MME change
NAS signaling security
SGSN selection for handovers to 2G/3G access

networks
Signaling interaction between core network (CN) nodes during an inter3GPP access network handover Reachability of UEs in IDLE mode Tracking area (TA) list management Selection of the P-GW and S-GW
Roaming
Authentication Bearer management Lawful interception of signaling traffic
Page13

SGW: serving gateway
Functioning as the local mobility anchor point for inter-eNodeB handovers
Assisting the eNodeB reordering function during inter-eNodeB handovers by sending one or more "end
marker" packets to the source eNodeB immediately after switching the path Supporting inter-operator charging based on subscriber and QoS class identifier (QCI) granularity Implementing downlink packet buffering and E-UTRAN triggered paging in ECM-IDLE mode Functioning as the mobility anchor point for inter3GPP handovers Supporting packet routing and transfer
Performing lawful interception
Supporting transport level packet marking for

uplink and downlink data
Page14

P-GW: packet data network gateway
Packet filtering based on single user Uplink and downlink rate control based on traffic
Lawful interception
Uplink and downlink rate enforcement based on

access point name-aggregate maximum bit rate (APN-AMBR)
IP address allocation for UEs
Downlink rate enforcement based on guaranteed bit rate (GBR)
Supporting packet marking for uplink and downlink data based on transfer priority Uplink and downlink charging based on traffic Uplink and downlink gateway control based on traffic
DHCPv4 (server/client) and DHCPv6 (server) functions Uplink and downlink bearer binding Uplink bearer binding verification
Page15

HSS: home subscriber server
Supporting authentication and registration for subscribers and downloading user profiles to the MME Supporting authentication and registration for non-3GPP subscribers and distributing user
profiles to the AAA

Providing roaming restriction Providing barring services Providing restrictions over access network types Implementing IPv4/IPv6 dual protocol stack Supporting Diameter-based IP networking
Page16

PCRF: policy control and charging rule function The PCRF is mainly used for prescribing rules for policy and charging control.
The PCRF is responsible for terminating the Rx interface and the Gx interface.
Page17
HUAWEI LTE-SAE Solution

SGSN GPRS HSS Control plane User plane BTS UMTS NodeB RNC MME BSC/PCU PCRF
LTE eNodeB S-GW
Operator Service Network
P-GW
Corporate Services
CDMA BTS BSC/PCF PDSN/HSGW
Page18
Contents
1. SAE Network Structure
1.1 SAE Network Structure
1.2 SAE Network Interfaces
Page19
SAE Network Interfaces

HSS eNodeB MME S1-MME S6a Gxc S11 Rx Gx PCRF Control plane User plane
LTE -Uu
X2
S1-U
S1-MME eNodeB S1-U
S5
SGi P-GW
Operator's IP Service
S-GW
UE
LTE
SAE
Page20
Control Plane Protocol Stacks

NAS RRC PDCP RLC MAC L1
UE LTE-Uu
NAS RRC PDCP RLC MAC L1 S1-AP SCTP IP L2 L1

eNodeB S1-MME
S1-AP SCTP IP L2 L1
MME
Page21
User Plane Protocol Stacks

Application IP PDCP Relay PDCP RLC MAC L1 LTE-Uu RLC MAC L1 GTP-U UDP/IP L2 L1 S1-U Relay GTP-U UDP/IP L2 L1 GTP-U UDP/IP L2 L1 S5/S8 a UDP/IP L2 L1 SGi IP GTP-U
UE
eNodeB
Serving GW
PDN GW
Page22
S1 Interface
S1-MME S1-U eNodeB S-GW MME
S1-AP SCTP IP L2 L1 eNodeB S1-MME
S1-AP SCTP
GTP-U UDP/IP
GTP-U UDP/IP L2 L1 S1-U S-GW
IP L2 L1 MME
L2 L1 eNodeB
Page23
S6a Interface
S1-MME S6a
eNodeB
MME
HSS
Diameter SCTP IP L2 L1 S6a MME
Diameter SCTP IP L2 L1
HSS
Page24
S10 Interface
S10 MME S1-MME S6a
eNodeB
GTP-C UDP IP L2 L1
MME
GTP-C UDP IP L2 L1 S10 MME
HSS
MME
Page25
S11 Interface
S10 MME S1-MME S6a
eNodeB
GTP-C UDP IP L2 L1 S11 MME GTP-C UDP IP L2 L1 S-GW
MME
S11
HSS
S-GW
Page26
S5/S8 Interface
MME S1-U
S11 S5 P-GW
eNodeB PLMN1
S-GW
S8
PLMN2 P-GW
Page27
S5/S8 Interface: 3gpp 23401
3GPP23.401(3gpp access): An S5/S8 interface based on GTP. The signaling plane runs the GTPv2 protocol and the user plane
runs the GTPv1 protocol.

GTP-C UDP/IP L2 L1 S-GW GTP based S5/S8 GTP-C UDP/IP L2 L1 P-GW
GTP-U UDP/IP L2 L1 S-GW GTP based S5/S8
GTP-U UDP/IP L2 L1 P-GW
Control plane
User plane
Page28
Gx/Gxc Interface
Diameter protocol application Diameter base protocol TLS Diameter protocol application Diameter base protocol
PCRF Gxc Gx
TLS TCP/SCTP IP/IPSec

Gx/Gxc Gx
TCP/SCTP
S-GW
P-GW
IP/IPSec P-GW P-GW/S-GW
PCRF
Page29
SGi Interface
AAA Server SGi Web Server
RADIUS/ DHCPv4/L2TP UDP/IP
P-GW
RADIUS/ DHCPv4/L2TP UDP/IP
PDN
L2
L2
L1 P-GW SGi
L1 PDN
Page30
Contents
Page31
Contents
2. SAE Network Working Principle
2.1 General Service Process
2.2 Identity of SAE Network

2.3 Mobility Management Procedure 2.4 Session Management Procedure
Page32
Typical Packet Service
MME
ICP/ISP internet
eNodeB
S-GW
P-GW Signaling Data
Page33
Typical Voice Service

IMS domain SAE Signaling IMS Signaling Data (VOIP) CSCF 1 2 IMS-MGW 3 MGCF
MME
MSC
eNodeB
S-GW SAE
P-GW
PLMN
Page34
Roaming: Home Routed

VPLMN
Gb GERAN Iu SGSN
HPLMN
HSS PCRF
S3
S12 UTRAN S1-C MME S1-U E-UTRUAN
S4 S6a S7
Rx
S11 S8a SGi
Operators IP Service
S-GW
PDN-GW
Page35
Roaming: Local Breakout

VPLMN
Gb GERAN Iu S3 S12 UTRAN S1-C MME S1-U E-UTRUAN S-GW PDN-GW S11 S8a S4 S6a V-PCRF S7 SGi S9 SGSN
HPLMN
HSS H-PCRF Rx
Local Breakout with Home Operator's Application Functions only
Page36
Roaming: Local Breakout

VPLMN
Gb GERAN Iu S3 S12 UTRAN S1-C MME S1-U E-UTRUAN S-GW PDN-GW S11 S8a S4 S6a V-PCRF Rx S7 SGi S9 SGSN
HPLMN
HSS H-PCRF
Local Breakout with Visited Operator's Application Functions only
Page37
Contents

Page38
Identity of SAE Network

MME TAI=MCC+MNC+TAC TA List TA 1
CELL1 CELL2
MMEI= MME Group ID+MME Code
TA List TA 2 TA 1
CELL1 CELL2
TA 2
CELL3 CELL4
CELL3 CELL4
IMSI MSISDN GUTI=GUMMEI+M-TMSI =MCC+MNC+MMEI+M-TMSI

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page39
Contents

Page40
Subscriber State Management
Subscriber state
EMM: EPS Mobility Management
EMM-DEREGISTERED
EMM-REGISTERED
ECM: EPS Connection Management
ECM-IDLE
ECM-CONNECTED
Page41
EMM State
Detach, Attach Reject, TAU reject, E-UTRAN interface switched off due to Non-3GPP handover, All bearers deactivated EMM-DEREGISTERED Attach accept EMM-REGISTERED
EMM state in UE
Detach, Attach Reject, TAU reject, All bearers deactivated EMM-DEREGISTERED EMM-REGISTERED Attach accept TAU accept for a UE selecting E-UTRAN from GERAN/UTRAN
EMM state in MME
Page42
ECM State
RRC connection released ECM-IDLE RRC connection established ECM-CONNECTED
ECM state in UE
S1 connection released ECM-IDLE S1 connection established ECM-CONNECTED
ECM state in MME
Page43
MM and EPS Bearer Context

MM context MME EPS bearer context HSS Subscription information EPS bearer Subscription context
ICP/ISP internet MM context EPS bearer context S-GW EPS bearer context P-GW EPS bearer context Signaling Data
Page44
Mobility Management Procedures
Main mobility management procedures:
Attach procedure
Tracking area update procedure

Detach procedure
Page45
Attach Procedure
Function of attach procedure:
The UE register to the EPS network.
The always-on IP connectivity for UE/users of the EPS is enabled

by establishing a default EPS bearer during Network Attachment.
The MM context and EPS bearer context will be created in the
MME and UE. The EPS bearer context will be created in S-GW and
P-GW.
Page46
Attach Procedure
eNodeB New MME Old MME
HSS
S-GW
P-GW
1. Attach request 2. Identification req/rsp 3. Identity req/rsp
4. Security function
5. Update location request 6. Cancel location /Ack
7. Update location Ack

8. Create default bearer req 9. Create default bearer req 10. Create default bearer rsp
Page47
Attach Procedure
HSS
S-GW
P-GW
11. Create default bearer rsp
12. Attach accept

13. Radio bearer establish
14. Attach complete

15. Update bearer request 16. Update bearer response 17. Uplink and downlink data
Page48
Location Information Storage

HSS MME IP address
MME1
MME2
Tracking Area list Tracking Area ID E-UTRAN Cell Global Identity
Tracking Area list Tracking Area ID
Page49
TAU Procedure
S-GW1 S-GW2
MME1
MME2
MME3
TA list 1 Periodic TAU
TA list 2
TA list 3
TA list 4
Inter MME TAU with SGW change Inter MME TAU without SGW change
Intra MME TAU
Page50
Inter TAU without SGW change

eNodeB 1. TAU request New MME Old MME
HSS
S-GW
P-GW
2. Context request 3. Context response 4. Security function

5. Context Ack 6. Update bearer request 7. Update bearer request 8. Update bearer response 9. Update bearer response
Page51
Inter TAU without SGW change

HSS
S-GW
P-GW
10. Update location request
11. Cancel location

12. Cancel location Ack
13. Update location Ack

14. TAU accept 15. TAU complete
Page52
Inter TAU with SGW change

eNodeB 1. TAU request New MME Old MME
HSS New S-GW Old S-GW
P-GW
2. Context request 3. Context response 4. Security function

5. Context Ack 6. Create bearer request 7. Update bearer request 8. Update bearer response 9. Create bearer response
Page53
Inter TAU with SGW change

HSS New S-GW Old S-GW
P-GW
10. Update location request 11. Cancel location 12. Cancel location Ack 13. Update location Ack 16. TAU accept 14. Delete bearer request 15. Delete bearer response
17. TAU complete
Page54
Detach Procedure
The detach procedure is used in the following scenarios:
A UE is detached from the EPS service.
A UE is disconnected from the last PDN connection.

The network informs a UE that the UE cannot access to the EPS.
A UE can be detached explicitly or implicitly.
Explicit detach Implicit detach
Page55
UE Initiated Detach Procedure

eNodeB 1. Detach request 2. Delete bearer request MME S-GW P-GW
3. Delete bearer request

4. Delete bearer response 5. Delete bearer response
6. Detach accept
7. Signaling connection release
Page56
Security Function
2G Authentication Security vectors Single-directional authentication Triplet (RAND, Sres, and Kc) 3G bi-directional authentication Quintet (RAND, XRES, CK, IK, and AUTN) Yes Yes No SAE bi-directional authentication New EPS security vectors (RAND, AUTN, XRES, and KASME). The UMTS and EPS authentication vectors are separated. Yes No Provides protection for the NAS layer and the AS layer separately. Manages the keys in the NAS and AS layers separately. Performs the algorithm negotiation for the NAS and AS layers separately.
Page57
Integrity protection SIM compatibility Layered security architecture
No N/A No
Authentication Vector
EPS authentication quaternary
RAND: Random Challenge
AUTN: Authentication Token

XRES: Expected Response Kasme: Ciphering key
Page58
Authentication Procedure
MME MME
1. Authentication data request 2. Authentication data response

3. User authentication request 4. User authentication response
Page59
EPS Security Architecture

UE NAS NAS eNodeB Ciphering/integrity NAS MME
RRC
RRC Ciphering/integrity
RRC
UP Ciphering PDCP PDCP
Page60
NAS/AS Security Mode Procedure

eNodeB MME
1. NAS security mode command 2. NAS security mode complete
1. AS security mode command 2. AS security mode complete
Page61
Contents

Page62
Multiple-PDN connectivity
PDN connection 1: APN1 P-GW S-GW ICP/ISP internet P-GW PDN connection 3: APN3
Server
Intranet
PDN connection 2: APN2
Server Intranet
S-GW P-GW Wap server Wap network
PDN connection 4: APN4
Page63
EPS Bearer
One PDN connection include one default EPS bearer, and zero or several dedicated EPS bearer.
PDN connection 1 Default EPS bearer Dedicated EPS bearer 1 Dedicated EPS bearer 2 S-GW EPS bearer eNodeB P-GW
Radio bearer
S1 bearer
S-GW S5/S8 bearer
P-GW
Page64
Session Management Procedure
EPS bearer management procedure
Bearer activation procedure
Bearer modification procedure

Bearer deactivation procedure
PDN connection management procedure (UE support for multiple PDN connections):
UE requested PDN connectivity procedure UE or MME requested PDN disconnection procedure
Page65
P-GW Initiated Dedicated Bearer Activation

eNodeB
MME
S-GW
P-GW
1. Create dedicated bearer request 2. Create dedicated bearer request 3. Session management request 4. Creation of bearer of E-UTRAN 5. Session management response
6. Create dedicated bearer response

7. Create dedicated bearer response
Page66
P-GW Initiated Bearer Modification With QoS Update

eNodeB
MME
S-GW
P-GW
1. Update bearer request 2. Update bearer request 3. Session management request 4. Update of bearer of E-UTRAN 5. Session management response
6. Update bearer response

Page67
PDN GW Initiated Bearer Deactivation

eNodeB
MME
S-GW
P-GW
1. Delete bearer request 2. Delete bearer request 3. Deactivate EPS bearer context request 4. Release of bearer of E-UTRAN 5. Deactivate EPS bearer context accept
6. Delete bearer response

7. Delete bearer response
Page68
UE Requested Bearer Resource Modification

eNodeB
MME
S-GW
P-GW
1. Request bearer resource modification 2. Request bearer resource modification 3. Request bearer resource modification
4. Dedicated bearer activation, or dedicated bearer modification, or dedicated bearer deactivation procedure
Page69
UE Requested PDN Connectivity Procedure

MME 1. PDN connectivity request eNodeB S-GW P-GW
2. Create default bearer request 3. Create default bearer request 4. Create default bearer response 5. Create default bearer response 6. PDN connectivity accept 7. Creation of bearer of E-UTRAN 8. PDN connectivity complete
9. Update bearer request

UE Requested PDN Connectivity Procedure

MME 1. PDN connectivity request eNodeB S-GW P-GW
2. Create default bearer request 3. Create default bearer request 4. Create default bearer response 5. Create default bearer response 6. PDN connectivity accept 7. Creation of bearer of E-UTRAN 8. PDN connectivity complete
9. Update bearer request

UE Requested PDN Disconnection Procedure

eNodeB
MME
S-GW
P-GW
1. PDN disconnection request 2. Delete bearer request 3. Delete bearer request 4. Delete bearer response 5. Delete bearer response 6. Release of bearer of E-UTRAN
Page72
Summary
The SAE network is composed of:
MME, S-GW, P-GW
The main working principle of SAE network are:
Mobility management procedure Session management procedure
Page73
Thank you
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SAE Network Fundamental

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SAE Network Fundamental

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:

Describe the SAE network structure

Describe the SAE Network interface and protocol

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

1.2 SAE Network Interfaces

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

3GPP System Evolution

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

The Evolution of PS Network

SGSN R7 Direct Tunnel Solution

Control plane User plane

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

EPS Network Structure

S1-MME eNodeB S1-U

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

EPS Network Functions

The EPS network perform the following logical functions :

Network Access Control Functions.

Packet Routeing and Transfer Functions.

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

SAE Network Structure

Co-Site of the S-GW and P-GW

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

SAE Network Structure

Separate Installation of the S-GW and P-GW

UTRAN NodeB GERAN BTS RNC

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Functions of SAE Network Entity

NAS signaling security

SGSN selection for handovers to 2G/3G access

Authentication Bearer management Lawful interception of signaling traffic

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Functions of SAE Network Entity

Performing lawful interception

Supporting transport level packet marking for

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Functions of SAE Network Entity

Uplink and downlink rate enforcement based on

IP address allocation for UEs

Downlink rate enforcement based on guaranteed bit rate (GBR)

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Functions of SAE Network Entity

profiles to the AAA

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Functions of SAE Network Entity

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

HUAWEI LTE-SAE Solution

LTE eNodeB S-GW

Operator Service Network

CDMA BTS BSC/PCF PDSN/HSGW

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

1.2 SAE Network Interfaces

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

SAE Network Interfaces

S1-MME eNodeB S1-U

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Control Plane Protocol Stacks

NAS RRC PDCP RLC MAC L1 S1-AP SCTP IP L2 L1

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.