Running Head: Etiology of Bullying

Etiology of Bullying Name: Institution:

ETIOLOGY OF BULLYING: Definition of bullying This is behavior that is human developing which is most common in work place,

community and school. It is an anti-social behavior involving harassing and aggressive behavior and occurs across social segments, economic, racial, geographical segments in society. Bullying happens mostly to children who have stress (either because they have siblings or parents that may be aggressive), and they want attention or are too jealous. To both victims and bullies, bullying causes influence of some magnitude and in worst case, it may even cause suicide. In children, it affects their behaviors and to an extent physical conditions. Major types of bullying include; Verbal-which is using humiliating or words that hurt to the victim. It may include insulting, racist comments or name-calling. The second is cyber-this is bullying carried out through any media that is electronic, for example, texting rumors of the victim through the phone. Finally, there is physical bullying which includes any physical contacts that are aggressive, for example, punching the victim. Both mental bullying and physical bullying have the same effect. Mental bullying causes mental abuse while physical bullying like hitting, throwing things to persons being bullied and pulling hair may cause bodily harm to the victim. Why bullying occurs The psychodynamic perspective emphasizes on the unconscious mind, interpersonal relations and experiences from early childhood. Most children who bully have common characteristics such as enjoying feelings of control and power, the excitement of their bullying behavior, lack of empathy and compassion towards the victim, little or no emotion, enjoyment of causing pain; just to name a few. These kinds of kids have a friend network that is small for hiding their behavior and are usually excited of the reactions of the victim.

ETIOLOGY OF BULLYING:

In the humanistic perspective, where there is no emphasize on motivation on behavior and thought behaviors of a bully will always sprout. The family is always the biggest factor on influencing the life of a child. Respect is learned from home, which is a miniature civilization with rules, roles and authority figures. If children are not taught how to differentiate and feel the wrong thing and the right thing they will certainly turn into bullies. On the other hand, parents that quarrel or physically assaults their children, the children elicit fear and hence cause immense amounts of stress leading to the children adapting behaviors of a bully to release the stress overload. Sometime, this childrens behavior of the bullying is brought about by stress so as to relieve the stress. Most of these kids live in homes where their parents are over permissive and lack the parents supervision. This lack of parents involvement causes the bullying behavior. Some children may also learn bullying from their peers who act as their role models. In a biological perspective, carbohydrates overload and low serotonin levels, because biochemical imbalances which cause behavior, that is violent leading to bullying. This difference in eating habits cause brain variations leading to deviance expressions along with biological behaviors that are the processes behind deviant and normal behavior. Most children with bullying behaviors have poor nutrition; they eat fast food which is mainly, with a tremendous amount of carbohydrates. Hence the unhealthy food does not provide the body with sufficient nutrition causing depression which in turn causes children to be bullies. Conclusion All the races and all countries experience bullying which is both, mentally and physically harmful. Statistics show that 255 of kids are bullied. Surveys have shown that the number of students bullied physically, mentally or verbally stands at 77%. In the study carried out by the American Justice Department, the experience of the abuses had severe reaction by the victims. A

ETIOLOGY OF BULLYING:

poll conducted on teens of ages twelve to seventeen proved that there was increase of violence in their schools. This statistics continue to show that, for every seven minutes, a child is bullied. In the study, the peer intervention stood at 11%, while the adult, intervention stood at 4%, and the no intervention stood at an overwhelming 85%. The victims dont give facts of getting bullied, or they are being bullied hence making it hard to find out. Generally, most of the time bullies are thought as bad people, but they are forced by circumstances that make them bullies. Bullies may have problems that are serious such as being abused by their parents, may be they have bullying siblings or maybe aggressive parents. To most victims, they think by telling adults about bullying, the adults would not help or even believe them and by telling them makes it even worse. However, bullying is not childrens problem only, adults in the work place also experience bullying, which means they are also part and parcel of the problem of bullying. In the issue of bullying, we all need to be careful and act in a proper manner. Behavior should not be the judging platform, and this includes the children also.

ETIOLOGY OF BULLYING: References

Allen, Kathleen P. (2008). A Bullying Intervention System: Reducing Risk and Creating Support for Aggressive Students. Preventing School Failure, (Vol. 54 No.3) Boulton, Michael J., Trueman, Mark, and Flemington, Ian (2002). Associations between Secondary School Pupils' Definitions of Bullying, Attitudes towards Bullying, and Tendencies to Engage in Bullying: age and sex differences. Educational Studies, (Vol. 28) Bradshaw, Catherine P., Sawyer, Anne L., and O'Brennan, Lindsey M. (2007). Bullying and Peer Victimization at School: Perceptual Differences Between Students and School Staff. (Volume 36, No. 3) Garcia Biggs, Mary Jo, Simpson, Cynthia, and Gaus, Mark D. (2010). Using a Team Approach to Address Bullying of Students with Asperger's Syndrome in Activity-based Settings. (Vol. 32)