DIPLOMA IN PLANTING INDUSTRY MANAGEMENT AGR122 PLANT SCIENCE

LAB 2 : CYTOLOGY

GROUP : AT1101A2

PREPARE BY : No 1 2 3 4 NAME DANIEL ALBERT NORSYAMIMI BINTI HAMZAH ARCHEL BINTI AHMAD FRIA BINTI HAMMIN STUDENT ID 2013577807 2013341163 2013102057 2013591547

PREPARED FOR: MADAM JACQUELINE JOSEPH

Introduction
The cell is the basic structural, functional and biological unit of all known living organisms. Cells are the smallest unit of life that can replicate independently, and are often called the "building blocks of life".

Objective
1. To learn how to difference between human and plant cell 2. To learn how to observe the structure of human and plant cell. 3. To learn how to find out the organelle that shown at the end of the experiment.

Materials
1. Methylene Blue 2. Iodine solution 3. Immersion Oils 4. Onion cells 5. Cheek cells

Apparatus
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Dropper Compound light microscope Glass slide Glass cover slip Cutter Tooth pick

TASK 1: ONION CELLS

Procedure
1. A wet mount of fresh onion was prepared. The wet mount was stained with a drop of iodine before it was covered by the glass cover. 2. The slide was placed under the light microscope and observes it from low to high magnification. 3. A few pictures of the onion cell were taken under the high magnification.

TASK 2: CHEEK CELLS

Procedure
1. The cheek cell was obtain by scraping inside the cheek using toothpick and rubbed on the glass microscope slide. 2. A drop of methylene blue was place on the slide to ensure that the cell easier to see under the microscope. 3. A glass coverslip was place on the slide and observed the cell under microscope using lower to high magnification. 4. A picture was taken in each magnification.

Results
ONION CELL

Nucleus

Total magnification 10x10

Cell wall

Nucleus

Cytoplasm
Total magnification 40x10

Nucleus

Cytoplasm

Total magnification 100x10

CHEEK CELL

Total magnification 10x10

Total magnification 40x10

Nucleus

Total magnification 100x10

Discussion
Prepared the plant cell by removed the epidermal layers by cutting the onion and peeling them off. Iodine is used to stain the cell. It makes each component of the cell visible, especially the nucleus.There will be change in the colour of iodine into blue dark because of the presence of starch in it. Actually, the epidermal cell prevents plasmolysis (water loss) and protects the onion from invaders such as bacteria and fungi. Since onions grow as underground bulb and arent ever exposed to light, chloroplasts are not necessary. Other than that, the onion fruiting body (bulb) is used for storing energy, not photosynthesis.

A Human cheek cell is an epithelial cell that is highly specialized for protection.Cheek cells also form a layer of protection to the cheeks and they prevent the cheeks from any form of injury. They give mucous membrane surroundings to the inside of the mouth. It consists of nucleus, ribosomes, Mitochondria, lysosomes and plasma membrane.The light microscope used in the lab not powerful enough to view other organelles in the cheek cells. The part of the cell were visible are nucleus and membrane cell.Methylene blue was used in cheek cell observation. The stains make the cells appear more clearly too observed.

Conclusion
The experiments showed that both of plant cell and cheek cell has some of similarity with their function. For example the epidermal layer (bulb) and epithelial cell (cheeks) used for protection. The difference between both of cell is the shape size and structure.

Reference
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

MADAMJACQUELINE JOSEPH Group discussion http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onion_epidermal_cell http://www.biologycorner.com/worksheets/cheekcellkey.html http://serc.carleton.edu/microbelife/research_methods/microscopy/cellstain.html