Database Recovery ----------------user defined object types:-------------------------Object types: These complex types are an abstraction of real-world entities.

Array types: These types are used to create ordered sets of data elements of the same type. Table types: These types are used to create an unordered set of data elements of the same dat a type. XML schema: This is a new object type that is used to create types and storage elements for XML documents based on the XML schema.

types of db failure:system failures data center disasters human errors media failures system failures ---------------If you have only one instance running and your entire system goes down, there s re ally not a whole lot you can do. If you have mission-critical systems, you can prevent the downtime by using a cluster of several nodes, thus avoiding a single point of failure. Oracle offe rs Real Application Clusters (RAC), which involves running several instances from different servers connectin g to a single database. When one node or server goes down, the others can take over within seconds, with out any noticeable disruption in service. Oracle also offers the Transparent Application Failover f eature, which you can use in tandem with RAC to failover clients transparently from one server to the other. Data Center Disasters ---------------------

Standby databases provide good protection against a data center disaster. Your business will continue to r un without any interruption, because all the changes made to your operational database are sent to a duplicat e standby database over the network. In a disaster recovery situation, you just turn the d uplicate database into your main production database, with almost no disruption and no loss of data. human error ----------If you have entered incorrect data into a table or deleted some data in error, y ou have several ways to get out of this jam. You can use Oracle s Flashback Query feature to query old data and replace the lost or wrongly entered data without taking the database offline. Flashback Database and Flashback Drop features, which enable you to perform a database or table recovery without restoring datafiles. Media Failures -------------If you have to restore a backed-up datafile or you take a file offline using the OFFLINE IMMEDIATE option, you ll need to perform a media recover y. Two factors are critical when disasters occur: the amount of data that becomes unavailable and n eeds to be replaced from backups, and the amount of time it might take to replace the data

----------------------------------------------desc dual; DUMMY select * from dual; ----------------------------------------------create table emp3 as select FIRST_NAME as "NAME", EMPSTATE as "STATE" from emp1;

FLASHBACK TABLE emp3 TO BEFORE DROP;