CHAPITRE V

Les lments Secondaires

25

CHAPITRE V

Les lments Secondaires

Les Escaliers
V 1.Introduction :
Un escalier dans une construction, est une suite rgulire de plans horizontaux permettant de
passer pied dun niveau un autre.

Un escalier est dtermin par :

La monte (hauteur gravir) H

Lemmarchement (largeur utile) E

Son giron g

Sa hauteur de marche h

Hauteur de marche : valeur moyenne 13cm h 17cm

On prend : h = 17cm

V 2.Pr dimensionnement :
Relation de Blondel :
Un escalier se montera sans fatigue sil respecte la relation de Blondel
0.59 g + 2h 0.66 cm
En pratique on prend g+2h = 0.64 m
Hauteur de RDC : H = 3.50 m.
Hauteur dtage : H = 3.06 m.
Choix de la hauteur de la marche : h = 17cm
Dtermination du nombre de contre marches :

RDC : n=H / h = 350 / 17 = 20.58 on prend n = 20 contre marches.

Les tages : n = H / h = 306 / 17 = 18 contre marches.

Dtermination du nombre des marches :

RDC : N= n 1 = 20 1 = 19 marches.

Les tages : N= n 1 = 18 1 = 17 marches.

Dtermination de giron:
Daprs blondel : 0.59 g + 2h 0.66cm

Soit : g + 2h = 64 => g = 64 2h = 64 2(17) = 30 cm.

26

CHAPITRE V

Les lments Secondaires

Dou :
0.59 g + 2h 0.66cm cm => 0.59 0.64 0.66 vrifier.

Calcul de langle dinclinaison de la paillasse :

tg = h / g = 17 / 30 = 0.566 => = 29.540.

Calcul dpaisseur de la paillasse :

l0 / 30 e l0 / 20 => 380 / 30 e 380/ 20
12.66 e 19 => e = 18 cm.

V 3. Evaluation des charges :

Palier :
-Mortier de pose ..0,03 2 = 0.06 t/m2
-Carrelage.0,02 2 = 0.04 t/m2
-Enduit en pltre ..0,02 1 = 0.02 t/m2
-dalle(e=18cm) ....................................................0.18 2.5 = 0.45 t/m2
-lit de sable0.02 1.8 = 0.036 t/m2
G1 = 0.606 t/m2

Q1 = 0.250 t/m2

Paillasse :

- Poids propre de la marche ....0.17/2 2.5 = 0.212 t/m2

-Mortier de pose .0.03 2 = 0.06 t/m2
-Carrelage ...........................................................0.02 2 = 0.04 t/m2
-Enduit en pltre .0.02/cos(29.54)1 = 0.023t/m2
-dalle (e=18cm)0.18/cos (29.54) 2.5 = 0.517t/m2
G2 = 0.852 t/m2

Q2 = 0.250 t/m2

V 4. Determination des sollicitations :

Combinaisons :
Palier : G1 =0.606 t/m2
Q1 =0.250 t/m2
ELU : qu = 1,35G1 + 1.5Q1 = 1.193 t/m2.
ELS :

qs = G1 + Q1 = 0.856 t/m2.

Paillasse : G2 = 0.852 t/m2

Q2 = 0.250 t/m2

27

CHAPITRE V

Les lments Secondaires

ELU : G = max (G1 ; G 2) = max (0.606 ; 0.852) = 0.852 t/m2

Q = 1,35G + 1.5Q = 1,35(0.852) + 1.5(0.250) = 1.525 t/m2.
ELS : Q = G + Q= 0.852 + 0.250 = 1.102 t/m2.

Moments :
ELU : Q = 1.525 t/m2
M0= Q l2 / 8 = 1.525*(3.8)2 / 8 = 2.752 t.m.
Mt = 0.8 M0 = 0.8 * 2.752 = 2.201 t.m.
Ma = - 0.4 M0 = - 0.4 * 2.752 = - 1.1 t.m.
Tu = Q * l / 2 = 1.525* 3.8 / 2 = 2.897 tf.
ELS: Q = 1.102 t/m2
M0 = Q l2 / 8 = 1.102*(3.8)2 / 8 = 1.989 t.m.
Mt = 0.8 M0 = 0.8 * 1.989 = 1.591 t.m.
Ma = - 0.4 M0 = - 0.4 * 1.989 = - 0.795 t.m.
Ts = Q * l / 2 = 1.102* 3.8 / 2 = 2.094 tf.

V 5. Ferraillage en flexion simple: C 1 cm, soit C = 2 cm

ELU :
En trave:
Mu = Mt = 2.201 t.m

Mu
bd 2 bc

d = 16 cm
2.20110 5
10016 2 113.3

b =100 cm

= 0.076

Acier fe E400: R = 0.392

R = 0.668
= 0.076 R = 0.392 => AS = 0
= 0.076 0.186
=> Domaine 1 =>
=

1 12
0.8

==

s =Fe / s = 348 Mpa

fe = 400 Mpa

1 12(0.076)
0.8

= 0.099
28

CHAPITRE V

Les lments Secondaires

B = 1- 0.4 = 1 0.4(0.099) = 0.96

As =

Mu
Bds

2.20110 5
0.96163480

= 4.12 cm2

On adopte 6T12 = 6.78 cm2

Armatures de repartition:
Arep = As / 4 = 6.78 / 4 = 1.69 cm2.
On adopte 5T8 = 2.51 cm2.
Condition de non fragilit: Calcul de section minimale

Amin = 0.23*b*d*

= 0.2310016

1.8
400

= 1.66 cm2

As = 6.78 cm2 > 1.66 cm2 ...vrifier.

Arep = 2.51 cm2 > 1.66 cm2 vrifier.

Sur appuis :
Mu = Ma = 1.1 t.m

Mu
bd 2 bc

d = 16 cm

1.110 5
10016 2 113.3

b =100 cm
= 0.038

Acier fe E400: R = 0.392

R = 0.668
= 0.038 R = 0.392 => AS = 0
= 0.038 0.186
s =Fe / s = 348 Mpa
=> domaine 1 => fe = 400 Mpa

1 12
0.8

==

1 12(0.038)
0.8

= 0.048

B = 1- 0.4 = 1 0.4(0.048) = 0.981

As=

Mu
Bds

1.110 5
0.981163480

= 2.01 cm2

On adopte 6T12 = 6.78 cm2

29

CHAPITRE V

Les lments Secondaires

Armatures de rpartition:
Arep = As / 4 = 6.78 / 4 = 1.69 cm2 .
On adopte 5T8 = 2.51 cm2.
Condition de non fragilit: Calcul de section minimale

Amin = 0.23*b*d*

t
e

= 0.2310016

1.8
400

= 1.66 cm2

As = 6.78 cm2 > 1.66 cm2 ...vrifier.

Arep = 2.51 cm2 > 1.66 cm2 vrifier.
Vrification lELS :

En trave :
Mt = 1, 591 t.m
b = 100 cm

position de laxe neutre (y) :

b y/2 15 As (d-y) = 0 => 100 y /2 15* 6.78 (16 - y) = 0
50 y + 101, 7 y -1627, 2 = 0
= (101,7)2 4(50) (- 1627.2) = 0
= 579.46 => y =

101.7+579.46
100

=> y = 4.77 cm
Moment dinertie :

I = (by3/ 3) +15 As (d-y)

I = [100 (4.77)3/ 3] + 15*6.78 (16 4.77) = 16443.39 cm4

Vrification de Contrainte :

b =

En bton :
Mts y
I

1.59110 5 4.77
16443 .39

=>b = 46.152 kg / cm2

0.6 fcj = 0.6* 200 = 120 kg / cm2

=> b = 46.152 kg / cm2 0.6 fcj =120 kg / cm2
=> b 0.6 fcj Condition vrifie.
30

CHAPITRE V

Les lments Secondaires

En acier : Daprs BAEL 91:

La fissuration est prjudiciable => s min {2/3fe, 110 *ftj )} = min {(267, 200 )}

=> s = 200MPa = 2000 kg / cm2

s =

15Mts (dy)
I

151.59110 5 (164.77)
16443 .39

=> s = 1629.85 kg /cm2

=> s = 1629.85 kg / cm2 s =2000 kg / cm2

=> s s.. Condition vrifie.

Sur appuis:
Ma = 0.795 t.m , b = 100 cm

position de laxe neutre (y) :

b y/2 15 As (d-y) = 0 => 100 y /2 15* 6.78 (16 - y) = 0
50 y + 101, 7 y -1627, 2 = 0
= (101,7)2 4(50) (- 1627.2 ) = 0
= 579.46 => y =

101.7+579.46
100

=> y = 4.77 cm

Moment dinertie :

I= (by3/ 3) +15 As (d-y)

I = [100 (4.77)3/ 3] + 15*6.78 (16 4.77) = 16443.39 cm4

Vrification de Contrainte :

b =

En bton :
Mas y
I

0.79510 5 4.77
16443 .39

=> b = 23.061 kg / cm2

0.6 fcj = 0.6* 200 = 120 kg / cm2

=> b = 23.061 kg / cm2 0.6 fcj =120 kg / cm2
=> b 0.6 fcj Condition vrifie.

En acier : Daprs BAEL 91:

La fissuration est prjudiciable => s min {2/3fe,110 *ftj )} = min {(267, 200 )}

=> s = 200 MPa = 2000 kg / cm2

31

CHAPITRE V
s =

Les lments Secondaires

15Mas (dy)
I

150.79510 5 (164.77)

16443 .39

=> s = 814.41 kg /cm2

=> s = 814.41 kg / cm2 s =2000 kg / cm2

=> s s.. Condition vrifie.

Vrification de lEffort Tranchant :

Tu = 2.897 t

u =
u =

0.07fc 28
b
Tu
db

0.0720
1.5

2.89710 3
16100

= 0.933 Mpa = 9.33 kg / cm2

= 1.81 kg / cm2

=> u = 1.81 kg / cm2 u = 9.33 kg / cm2 .. Condition vrifie.

Vrification de la Flche :

h / l 1/ 16 => 18 / 380 = 0.047 0.0625 non vrifier.

h / l Mt / 10 Mo => 0.047 2.201 / 10* 2.752 = 0.08

=> 0.047 0.08. non vrifier.

As / b*d 4.2 / fe => 6.78 / 100*16 4.2 / 400

=> 0.0042 0.0105.. vrifi.
La 1re et la 2me condition ne sont pas vrifies ; donc il est ncessaire de calculer
la flche.
I0= bh3/12 + 15 As (h/2 - d) 2 =

10018 3
12

18

+15*6.78 (

- 16)

=> I0= 53583.3 cm4

As
b0d

6.78
10016

= 0.0043.

1 = 100 = 0.43 => = 0.9

s =

Mser
dA

1.59110 5
0.916 6.78

= 1629.588 kgf / cm2.

32

CHAPITRE V
i =

0.05fi28
3b 0

(2+ b )
2

Les lments Secondaires

0.051.8
3100

0.0043 (2+ 100 )

=> i = 4.18

v = 5 i = 5 (4.18) => v = 1.672

=1
If =

1.75fi28
(4s)+fi28

1.1 I0
1+v

=1

1.153583 .3
1+(0.111.672)

1.751.8
(40.0043 1629.588)+1.8

=> = 0.11

= 49785.14 cm4

Schma de Ferraillage

33

CHAPITRE V

Les lments Secondaires

Balcon
V 6.Difinition:
Notre balcon est constitu dune dalle pleine encastre dans les poutres. Le balcon est
considr comme une porte faux (console), on fait son calcul comme une poutre
encastre dune seule extrmit. Lpaisseur est gale 14 cm.

1.53 m

Epaisseur de la dalle :
e = L /12 = 153 / 12 = 12.75 cm.
On adopte: e = 14 cm.

V 7.Evaluation des Charges:

G = 0.540 t / m2
Q = 0.350 t / m2
Poids propre de garde corps :
G = 1.530.12.5
G=0.382 t/m2
ELU :
qu = 1.35 G + 1.5 Q = 1.35(0.540) + 1.5(0.350)
=> qu = 1.254 t/m2
Pu = 1.35 G = 1.35(0.382) => Pu = 0.515 t/m2
ELS :
qs= G + Q = 0.540 + 0.350
=> qu = 0.89 t/m2
Ps = G => Ps = 0.382 t/m2
34

CHAPITRE V

Les lments Secondaires

V 8.Calcul des Moments flchissant:

ELU:
Mu = qu( x2 / 2) + Pu x = 1.254(x2/2)+0.515 x
x = 0 => Mu = 0
x = 1.53 => Mu = 1.254[(1.53)2 /2] + [0.515(1.53)]
=> Mu = 2.255 t.m

ELS :
Ms = qs( x2 / 2) + Ps x = 0.89(x2/2)+0.382 x
x = 0 => Ms = 0
x = 1.53 => Ms = 0.89[(1.53)2 /2] + [0.382(1.53)]
=> Ms = 1.626 t.m

V 9.Calcul des Efforts Tranchants:

ELU:
Tu = qu x + Pu = 1.254 x + 0.515
x = 0 => Tu = 0.515 tf
x = 1.53 => Tu = 1.254(1.53) + 0.515
=> Tu = 2.433 tf

ELS:
Ts = qs x + Ps = 0.89 x + 0.382
x = 0 => Ts = 0.382 tf
x = 1.53 => Ts = 0.89(1.53) + 0.382
=> Ts = 1.743 tf

V 10.Calcul de Ferraillage:

C 1 cm, soit C = 2 cm

ELU:
Sens (x)
Mu = 2.255 t.m

d = 12 cm

b =100 cm
35

CHAPITRE V
=

Mu

Les lments Secondaires

2.25510 5

bd 2 bc

10012 2 113.3

= 0.138

Acier fe E400: R = 0.392

R = 0.668
= 0.138 R = 0.392 => AS = 0
= 0.138 0.186 => vrifier.
s =Fe / s = 348 Mpa
=> Domaine 1 =>
=

1 12

=> =

0.8

fe = 400 Mpa

1 12(0.138)
0.8

= 0.186

B = 1- 0.4 = 1 0.4(0.186) = 0.925

As =

Mu
Bds

2.25510 5
0.925123480

= 5.84 cm2

On adopte 6T12 = 6.78 cm2

Armatures de rpartition:
Arep = As / 4 = 6.78 / 4 = 1.69 cm2 .
On adopte 5T8 = 2.51 cm2.

Condition de non fragilit:

1.8

As 0.23*b*d* = 0.2310012 400 = 1.24 cm2

As = 6.78 cm2 > 1.24 cm2 ...vrifier.
Arep = 2.51 cm2 > 1.24 cm2 vrifier.

ELS:
Sens (x) et (y):
Mser = 1.626 t.m

Mu
bd 2 bc

d = 12 cm

1.62610 5
10012 2 113.3

b =100 cm

= 0.099
36

CHAPITRE V

Les lments Secondaires

Acier fe E400: R = 0.392

R = 0.668
= 0.099 R = 0.392 => AS = 0
= 0.099 0.186 => vrifier.

=> domaine 1 =>

=

1 12
0.8

=> =

s =Fe / s = 348 Mpa

fe = 400 Mpa

1 12(0.099)
0.8

= 0.13

B = 1- 0.4 = 1 0.4(0.13) = 0.948

As =

Mser
Bds

1.62610 5
0.948123480

= 4.11 cm2

On adopte 6T10= 4.71 cm2

Armatures de rpartition:
Arep = As / 4 = 4.71 / 4 = 1.18 cm2 .
On adopte 5T8 = 2.51 cm2.

Condition de non fragilit:

1.8

As 0.23*b*d* = 0.2310012 400 = 1.24cm2

As = 4.71 cm2 > 1.24 cm2 ...vrifier.
Arep = 2.51 cm2 > 1.24 cm2 vrifier.
Vrification lELS :
position de laxe neutre (y) :
b y/2 15 As (d-y) = 0 => 100 y /2 15* 6.78 (12 - y) = 0
50 y + 101, 7 y -1220, 4 = 0
= (101,7)2 4(50) (- 1220.4 ) = 0

37

CHAPITRE V

Les lments Secondaires

= 504.4 => y =

101.7+504.4
100

=> y = 4.03 cm

I= (by3/ 3) +15 As (d-y)

I = [100 (4.03)3/ 3] + 15*6.78 (12 4.03) = 8641.77 cm4

Vrification de Contraint de bton :

b =

Mser y
I

1.62610 5 4.03
8641.77

=> b = 75.827 kg / cm2

0.6 fcj = 0.6* 200 = 120 kg / cm2

=> b = 75.827 kg / cm2 0.6 fcj =120 kg / cm2
=> b 0.6 fcj Condition vrifie.
Vrification de la contrainte Tangentielle :
Puisque la fissuration est considr comme prjudiciable
Tadm = min[(0.2* fc28 / b) ; 5 Mpa] = min[(0.2* 20 / 1.5) ; 5Mpa]
Tadm = min[2.67Mpa ; 5Mpa] => Tadm = 2.67 Mpa.
tu =

tu =

Vu
bd

2.433
10012

; Vu = Qu .L +Pu = (1,254 * 1,53) + 0.515 => Vu = 2.433 t .

*103 => tu = 2.027 Mpa.

tu= 2.027 MPa < Tadm = 2.67 MPa.condition vrifie.

Vrification de la Flche :
1- h / L 1/ 16 => 14 / 153 = 0.091 0.062.condition vrifie.
2- A / (b*d) 3.6 / fe =>
A / (b*d) = 6.78 / (100*12) = 0.0056
3.6 / fe =3.6 / 400 = 0.009
=> A / (b*d) 3.6 / fe...condition vrifie.

38

CHAPITRE V

Les lments Secondaires

Schma de Ferraillage

39

CHAPITRE V

Les lments Secondaires

La Tuile
V 11.Introduction :
Les dalles sont des lment de construction gnralement rectangulaire dont une
dimension est plut petite par apport aux autres les dalles sont plaque dont :
Lx : dsigne la petite porte
Ly : dsigne la grand port

lx

h : paisseur de la dalle

Epaisseur de la dalle :
Lx = 3.5 m

Ly = 6.5 => lx < ly

Iy

Lx/50 e Lx /40= 7 e 8.75

e ( 815 cm) => On adopte: e = 10cm.

V 12.Evaluation des Charge:

G =0.350 t / m2
Q = 0.100 t / m2
ELU :
qu = 1.35 G + 1.5 Q = 1.35(0.350) + 1.5(0.1)
=> qu = 0.623 t/m2
ELS :
qs= G + Q = 0.350 + 0.1
=> qs = 0.450 t/m2

V 13.Calcul des Moments flchissant:

ELU:
Lx/ly = 350/650 = 0.54 => 0.4 < = lx/ly < 1 dalle portante dans les deux sens.
x = 0.0908

y = 0.2500

Calcul des moments dpres BAEL91 :

La dalle porte suivant les deux sens les moments flchissant dveloppes au centre
du panneau ont pour expression.
40

CHAPITRE V

Les lments Secondaires

Moment isostatique :
M0x = x .qu. (lx) = 0.0908 x0.623x(3.5) = 0.69 t.m
M0y = y .qu. (lx) = 0.2500 x0.623x(3.5) = 1.91 t.m
Sens x:
Mt = 0.85 M0x = 0.85 x0.69 = 0.59 t.m
Ma = 0.5 M0x = 0.5 x0.69 = 0.35 t.m
Sens y:
Mt = 0.85 M0y = 0.85 x1.91 = 1.62 t.m
Ma = 0.5 M0y = 0.5 x1.91 = 0.96 t.m

ELS :
qu = 0.450 t.m
Lx/ly =350/650 = 0.54 => 0.4 < = lx/ly < 1 dalle portante dans les deux sens.
x = 0.0908

y = 0.2500

M0x = x .qu. (lx) = 0.0908 x0.450x(3.5) = 0.5t.m

M0y = y .qu. (lx) = 0.2500 x0.450x(3.5) = 1.38 t.m
Sens x :
Mt = 0.85 M0x = 0.85 x0.5 = 0.43 t.m
Ma = 0.5 M0x = 0.5 x0.5 = 0.25 t.m
Sens y :
Mt = 0.85 M0y = 0.85 x1.38 = 1.17 t.m
Ma = 0.5 M0y = 0.5 x1.38 = 0.69 t.m
Effort Tranchant :
Tx = q
Ty = q

2+

= 0.69 *3.5 /2+ 0.54 = 2.42 t

= 1.91 *3.5 /3 = 2.23 t

Ferraillage de la dalle pleine :

Sens x :
41

CHAPITRE V

Les lments Secondaires

En trave :
Mt = 0.59 t.m
= Mt / b.d.fc28 = 0.59x105 / 100x8x113.3 = 0.08 < 0.392 ( As = 0)
= 1- 1 2 / 0.8 = 0.104
Z = d (1- 0.4 ) = 7.68 cm
As = Mt / Z. s = 0.59x105 / 7.68x 3480 = 2.21 cm.
On adopte : 4T10 = 3.14 cm
Sur appuis:
Ma = 0.35 t.m
= Mt / b.d.fc28 = 0.35x105 / 100x8x113.3 = 0.05 < 0.392 ( As = 0)
= 1- 1 2 / 0.8 = 0.06
Z = d (1- 0.4 ) = 7.80 cm
As = Mt / Z. s = 0.35x105 / 7.80 x 3480 = 1.29 cm
On adopte : 4T8 = 2.01 cm
Condition de non fragilit :
Amin = 0.23 x b x d x ft / fe = 0.828 cm
En trave : As = 3.14 cm > 0.828 cm ..vrifi
En appuis : As = 9.05 cm > 0.828 cm ..vrifi

Sens y :
En trave :
Mt = 1.62 t.m
= Mt / b.d.fc28 = 1.62x105 / 100x8x113.3 = 0.223 < 0.392 ( As = 0)
= 1- 1 2 / 0.8 = 0.32
Z = d (1- 0.4 ) = 6.98 cm
As = Mt / Z. s = 1.62x105 / 6.98 x 3480 = 6.68 cm
On adopte : 6T12 = 6.79 cm
42

CHAPITRE V

Les lments Secondaires

Sur Appuis:
Ma = 0.96 t.m
= Mt / b.d.fc28 = 0.96x105 / 100x8x113.3 = 0.132 < 0.392 ( As = 0)
= 1- 1 2 / 0.8 = 0.18
Z = d (1- 0.4 ) = 7.42 cm
As = Mt / Z. s = 0.96x105 / 7.42 x 3480 = 3.72 cm2
On adopte : 4T12 = 4.52 cm
Condition de non fragilit :
Amin = 0.23 x b x d x ft / fe = 0.828 cm
En trave : As = 6.79 cm > 0.828 cm ..vrifi
En appuis : As = 4.52 cm > 0.828 cm ..vrifi
Vrification lELS :
En traves :
Mser = 1.17 t.m

As =6.79 cm

Position de laxe neutre :

bx/2 +15 As ( x-c) -15 As ( d-x) = 0
50 x -15 x6.79 (8-x) = 50 x + 101.85 x 814.8 = 0
= 334449.52 , = 578.32
=> x = 4.76 cm
Moment dinertie:
I = bx3 /3 +15 As( d x ) = 3925 cm4

Calcul et vrification des contraintes :

Contrainte dans lacier :
s = 15 Ms . (d-x) /I s = 200MPa
s = 1448.71 s = 0.60 fc28 .condition vrifie

43

CHAPITRE V

Les lments Secondaires

Sur appuis :
Mser = 0.69t.m

As =4.52 cm

Position de laxe neutre :

bx/2 +15 As ( x-c) -15 As ( d-x) = 0
50 x -15 x4.52 (8-x) = 50 x + 67.8 x 542.4 = 0
= 113076.84

, = 336.27

=> x = 2.68 cm
Moment dinertie:
I = bx3 /3 +15 As( d x ) = 1002.33 cm4

Calcul et vrification des contraintes :

Contrainte de compression dans le bton :
b = Ms .x /I c = 0.60 fc28
b = 184.49 c = 120 ..condition non vrifie
Contrainte dans lacier :
s = 15 Ms . (d-x) /I s = 200MPa
s = 5493.40 s = 0.60 fc28 ..condition non vrifie
il faut augmente lacier :
As = As ( s / s ) = 12.42 cm
On adopte 4T20 =12.57cm.
Vrification de leffort tranchant :
Sens x :
Tu = 2.42 t

u = Tu /b.d = 2.42 x103 /100x8 = 3.025 kg /cm

= min (0.2 fc28 /b ; 5 MPA).
= 2.66 MPa = 26.6 kg/ cm
u< condition vrifie

44

CHAPITRE V

Les lments Secondaires

Sens y :
Tu = 2.23 t

u = Tu /b.d = 2.23 x103 /100x8 = 2.79 kg /cm

= min (0.2 fc28 /b ; 5 MPA).
= 2.66 MPa = 26.6 kg/ cm
u< condition vrifie.
Vrification de la flche :
h/ lx ht/ 20 M0 => 0.03 0.03...condition vrifie.
A/ b.d 2/ fe => 0.016 0.005 .condition vrifie.

Ferraillage de la Tuile

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