2005

MID-HSC COURSE
EXAMINATION

PHYSICS
2 uNrr
This examinationhas TWO parts. Multiple Choice

General Instructions
o . o o . Assessment Task No. 1 Weighting- 18% Readingtime - 5 minutes Working time - I hour & 30 minutes PhysicsFormulae&Data Sheets are attached to the back of this paper. I

Total marks (10) o Attempt ALL Questions o Mark your answerson the Multiple Choice Answer Sheetprovided at the back ofthis paper. Part B I ExtendedAnswer Questions

Total marks (aa) o Attempt ALL Questions o Write your answersin the spaces provided on the ExaminationPaper.

PART A
Total Marks (10) Attempt all questionsI to 10. Allow 18 minutes for this part.

I to 10 are worth One Mark Each. Questions

For eachquestion(1 - 10) choose the best of the four possibleanswersand indicate your choiceby marking the appropriate spaceon the Answer Sheet provided. Mark only ONE choicefor eachquestion,using a pencil. Do NoT use a ball-point or an ink pen. If you changeyour mind, completely eraseyour first mark.

QUESTTON I Thepicturebelowshowsa gameof cricket.

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The picture shows two consecutive shotsby the batsman.Both balls reachthe samemaximum height above the ground but ball Q travels twice as far as ball P. Which of the following is DIFFERENTfor balls P and Q? (A) Gravitationalacceleration (B) Gravitationalforce (C) Time of flight (D) Initial velocity

2 QUESTTON
A satellite moves in uniform circular motion around Earth. The following table shows the svmbols used in the diagrams below. These diagrams are NOT drawn to scale. Key F = Net force on satellite v : Velocity of satellite \Alhich diagram shows the correct direction of F and zrat the position indicated?

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{B}

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\, Earth /'
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,$at*tli{e -:...'.-...-,-,.------.

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3 QUESTTON
A man weighs 1000N at the surfaceof the earth. With the aid of the information in the following table, estimatethe man's weight on the surfaceof planetX.

PLANET X
Earth

MASS (1024 ke)

RADruS &m)
6400 6400

3.0 6.0

(A) 500N (B) 1000 N (c) 2000N (D)4000 N

QUESTTON4
An astronaut set out in a spaceship from Earth orbit to travel to a nearby star in our galaxy. The spaceship travelled at a constant speed of 0.95 c. When the spaceship reached the star the on-board clock showed the astronaut that the journey had taken 5 years. An identical clock remained on Earth. What time in years had elapsed on this clock as seen by an observer who had remained on Earth with the clock? (A) 16.0

(B) 22.4 (c) 51.3

(D) 100.0

s QUBSTTON
The most likely causeof the orbital decayof satellites in low Earth orbit is: (A) Decrease in massas fuel is usedup (B) Friction betweenthe satelliteand the solarwind (C) Friction betweenthe satelliteand cosmicray particles (D) Friction betweenthe satelliteand the top of the Earth's atmosphere

6 QUBSTTOT\
A physicist builds a transformer to increasethe 240 V AC mains electricity supply to 480 v AC. To do this, the numberof turns of wire on the primary coil must be: (A) The sameas the numberof turns of wire on the secondary coil (B) Double the numberof turns of wire on the secondary coil (C) Lessthan the number of tums of wire on the secondary coil (D)More than the number of tums of wire on the secondarv coil

QUESTTON7
Of the following components, the one that is leastlikely to be usedin an AC electric motor is: (A) Slip rings (B) Split ring commutator (C) Rotor (D) Stator

8 QUESTTON
A coil of wire is in a uniform magneticfield betweentwo magnets. The coil of wire is rotatedaboutan axis. In which of the following diagramsis the magneticflux throughthe coil greatest?

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5 V V 1 5

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9 QUESTTON
The coil of an AC generator rotates at a constant rate in a magnetic field as shown.

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\Alhich of the following diagrams represents the curve of induced emf against position?

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Fo*ition

iFi Indurei emf

10 QUESTTON
Two straight metal rods, P and Q, have the same length. They are each pivoted at one end and rotated with the same orbital speed so that they sweep out horizontal circular paths as shown in diagrams X and Y. A constant current I is flowing along each rod, as shown. In diagram X, a constant magnetic field is applied at right anglesto the plane ol the circular path. In diagram Y, a uniform magnetic field of the same magnitude is applie d in theplane of the circular path.

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0 0 0
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Which of the following statements about the forces acting on rod P and rod Q is correct? (A)The magnitude of the force on P is exactly the same as the magnitude of the force on Q at all times. (B) The magnitude of the force on P is constant and the magnitude of the force on Q is zero. (C)The magnitude of the force on P is constant and the magnitude of the force on Q varies with time. (D) The magnitude of the force on P varies with time and the magnitude of the force on Q is constant.

PART B
Total Marks (44) Attempt all questionsl1 to 20. Allow 72 minutes for this part.

For each question(11 - 20) write your answer in the appropriate space. You are advised to show your full working for all answers as marks may be awarded for relevant working.

11 to 20 are FREE RESPONSE Questions Questions.

QUESTION 11 (4 Marks) (a) Use the Law of Conservation of Momentum to explain how a spacerocket such as the SpaceShuttle lifts off the ground at launch.

Marks

(b) Explain why the acceleration of the SpaceShuttle increases during launch and describe how this affects the forces experiencedby the astronauts.

QUESTION 12 (5 Marks) Isaac Newton did much to improve our understanding of gravity. (a) There are many natural satellitesin our Solar System. The Earth moves in orbit around the Sun and the Moon is in orbit around the Earth to name just two examples.Briefly, discussthe importance of Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation in understanding and calculating the motion of such satellites.

Marks

(b) Calculate the gravitational force of the Earth on the Moon, given that the mass of Earth is 5.98 x l02akg, mass of Moon is 7.35 x 1022 kg and distance from the Earth to the Moon is 3.844x 108m.

(c) Identify an example of how gravity can be used to advantageby a space probe.

(d) A spaceshipflies past the Earth parallel to its axis of rotation at a speedof 0.99c. Determine the diameter of the Earth from the north to south pole as seenby the pilot of the spaceship.The diameter of the Earth as seenby an observerstationary with respectto the Earth is 1.28x 107m.

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Marks QUESTION 13 (7 Marks) A Physicsstudentusesthe apparatus shownbelow to measure somekey parameters of projectilemotion.

oact{ board
bal

loaded Spring firing mechanism

Protractor
Lightgate Timing mat
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position for
horizontal launch

A steelball was launchedfrom a spring loadedfiring mechanism.The launch platform could be arrangedhorizontally or at various angles0 to the horizontal. The height from which the ball is launchedcould alsobe adjusted. The initial velocity v6 of the ball could be measured using a light gateheld by a retort stand (not shown here)and slottedinto position in the backingboard. The time of flight could be measured using a light gatein combinationwith a timing mat. Both the light gate and timing mat were connectedto the appropriateterminals of a data logger. The following table containsall the datarecordedby the student. The studenttook only one measurement of eachvariable. The rangewas measured by observing where the ball landed and measurinethe distancewith a ruler. vo (rnls) 0 (degrees) Height from which ball was launched (m) Time of fiight (s) Range (m)

0.200

00

0.s0
0.50 0.50 0.50

0.r95
0.190 0.183

300
450

600

0.319 0.330 0.333 0.336

0.060 0.045 0.040 0.030

appearon next page. Questions

11

Marks (a) For the caseof horizontallaunch,comparethe experimentally obtainedvalue of the time of flight with that which is expectedfrom theory. )

(b) For the caseof 0 : 30o,comparethe experimental value of the rangewith that which is expectedfrom theory given the initial velocity, launchangleand time of flieht as statedin the table.

(c) For the caseof 0: 60o,determinethe magnitudeof the vertical componentof velocity at the instantthe ball hits the timing mat. Use the valuesof the initial velocity, launchangleand time of flight as statedin the table.

(d) StateTWO changes to the methodof this experimentthat would improve the reliabilityof the experiment.

(e) Explain why the initial velocity of the ball decreases as 0 increases, even though the force provided by the spring remains the same.

t2

QUESTION 14 (6 Marks) (a) Identify the structureattachedto the power pole in the photographat the right and discussthe needfor thesestructures in transferring electrical energyfrom a power stationto its point of use.

Marks 4

Fig. I

Fig.2

(b) With reference to Figures 1 and2 aboveidentify how transmission lines are
insulated from supporting structuresand protected from lightning strikes.

13

QUESTION 15 (6 Marks) Two parallel wires are separated by a distance of 0.75 m. wire X is 3.0 m long and carries a current of 2.A A. Wire Y can be considered to be infinitely long and carries a current of 5.0 A. Both currents flow in the same direction along the wires.

Marks

3.il rn WireX#

:.na

0.?5m
Wire I

I
5.0A

(a) What is the direction of the force that exists between the two wires?

(b) on the axes,sketch a graph that shows how the force between the two wires would vary if the length of Wire X was decreased.

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Lensth nl'lVire X
(c) In your Physicscourseyou have performed a first-hand investigation to demonstratethe motor effect. Explain how your results demonstrated that effect.

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QUESTION 16 (4 Marks) Marks In the diagram below a thin loop of copper wire is sitting stationary in a uniform magneticfield directed down into the plane of the page. The magnetic field is supplied by an electromagnetwith the north pole sitting abovethe plane of the page and the south pole sitting below.

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(a) Describe how a potential difference could be generatedwithin the loop without touching or moving the copper loop.

(b) Assume the potential difference acrossthe loop produces a clockwise current viewed from abovethe plane of the page. Use Lenz's Law to explain how such a current direction could be achieved.

l5

QUESTION 17 (1 Mark) The conductorshownbelow is lying in a magneticfield at an angleof X: 30oto the field. It is carrying a current from Y to Z.

Marks 1

Statethe directionof the force on the conductor.

QUESTION 18 (2 Marks) It can be shown experimentally that a DC electricmotor operatingat full speed useslesscurrentthan an identicalmotor running at half speed. Explain this observation.

QUESTION 19 (3 Marks) Describe a first-hand investigation that you have performed to demonstratethe production of an alternatingcurrent.

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Marks QUESTION 20 (6 Marks) Recount ONE of Einstein's thought experiments involving mirrors and/or trains and usethis experimentto discussthe relationship betweenthought and reality. 6

End ofExam

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