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Batane
Machining processes
Single point cutting/machining Shaping Planing Turning
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Machining
Chip formation : Formation of the chips during cutting depends on: Properties of material; Properties of the tool material; and Tool geometry Tool wear occurs on: Flank surface (flank wear) Top face (crater wear)
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Adapted from the Hongkong Polytechnique University (2003) MMB 325 7
Types of chips
Discontinuous (segmented) chips: form from hard, brittle materials and two phase materials e.g. lead
Continuous chips: sharp, hot, long continuous chips; dangerous, e.g., steel and aluminum
Built-up edge: chips (some) adhere to the tool, and thus result in a rough surface on the product.
Discontinuous type is preferred due to: good surface finish, and safety Usually Pb and S and added to steel to enhance machinability and discontinuous chips.
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Turining
Operation to produce cylindrical, Conical, plane (flat) surfaces and screw threads, using a single point tool.
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DRILLING CALCULATIONS
Calculating the spindle speed (RPM) for a Drilling operation Spindle speed settings on the drill press are done in RPMs To calculate the proper RPM for the tool, use the formula; RPM= CS * 4 /d Where: CS = the cutting speed d = the cutter diameter
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DRILLING CALCULATIONS
Example: A 0.5mm drill is used to drill a piece of 1018 steel with a brinnel hardness of 200.Given that the recommended cutting speed is 70 revolutions per minute, calculate the RPM setting to perform this drilling operation? SOLUTION: RPM = CS * 4 /d = 70 * 4/0.5 = 280/0.5 = 560 RPM
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Milling
Operation using a multiple tooth cutter (tool) to generate flat surfaces as well as complex surfaces. Milling machine is either horizontal or vertical.
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