Landform/topography reconstruction before sand mining takes place, save the top 50 millimetres of topsoil, and set to the

side, as this contains the most nutrients, and seeds. Save the next 100 millimetres of topsoil, in a seperate place. his !ill be kept for later use. "ll sand that !ill be stripped for minerals, precious metals, and other elements, that is not used in the processes, !ill be placed in a storage facility, to be used in reconstructing the sand dunes. he site !ill be mapped, to ensure complete kno!ledge of !hat is !here. he slope of the land, ho! high it is above sea level, any rocks and trees, shrubs and bushes, ground cover, !ill be mapped, and plotted on a #$ render of the coast. "ll rocks in the area, !ill be saved, and placed in a reserve. "ll tree%s if they can be, !ill be transplanted into another site. &f these tree%s are not transplanted, then ne! tree%s !ill be gro!n in a nursery, to later be reestablished on the dunes. 'efore these dunes are reconstructed, !ind barriers !ill be set up around the sections to be reconstructed, as !ell as !ater skirts. Small areas at a time !ill be reconstructed partially. (ind breaks set up, !ater skirts set up, sand moving machinery to bring the sand in, then ground covers planted into them, !ith careful note of !here these ground covers should be placed. )round cover !ill established small sections at a time, *ther sections !ill have matting and covers over the top of them, to prevent significant erosion. hese ground covers stabilise the dunes, and allo! for the !ind breaks to be brought do!n. Sand !ill also be compacted in points !here it !as compacted beforehand, and spread lightly on areas that !ere loose. "fter one section is stabilised, the next section !ill be moved onto, until all of the coast is stabilised. &f sand cannot be used from the original site, sand of a medium grain !ill be used, as coarse grain drains to easily, and holds little nutrients in it, and fine grain is too easily eroded, to be used for $une reconstruction.

+reparation of opsoil for seeding opsoil !ill be kept from the original ,ining area, therefore, preperation is not needed. &f more topsoil is needed, as it most likely !ill be, the topsoil from the coast !ill be chemically and biologically analysed, and all effort !ill be made to recreate the topsoil, !ith nutrient content, mineral content, moisture content, and chemical composition as close to that as possible.if this cannot be done, Sand dunes !ill be established from ordinary sand. "fter these dunes are establishedfertilisation of the topsoil !ill occur, mixed !ith multiple types of ground cover, to stabilise the dunes.

,onitoring and care of the sand dunes

+ropogation of seedlings for future planting "ll trees, shrubs, and other plants that can be transplanted into a nursery !ill be transplanted. "ny tree%s that cannot be transplanted, !ill be bought, and planted in the nursery, gro!n, and then transplanted into the sand dunes at a later date. Seedling preperation. "ll seedling must experience similar conditions to that that they !ill experience on the sand dunes. his means, that after they have begun to gro!, the seedlings !ill be exposed to sun, !ind, periods of lo! moisture. 'efore they are to be transplanted, they !ill be pruned, to as to relieve stress from the seedling. +runing reduces the amount of leaves, thus reducing need for moisture, and for nutrients. -ooting agent !ill be administered to the seedlings, to create a strong and extensive root system, one that !ill provide anchorage in the sand dunes, and allo! the seedling to collect all moisture and nutrients that it needs. ,ost trees !ill be transplanted around the "pril/,ay time, as this period is cool enough not to burn the plants, and

is also !et enough to allo! for plenty of moisture.

ypes of plant species re.uired, and !hy they are chosen 'each Spinifex. 'each spinifex is a very good choice for use in recontruction of sand dunes. his perennial grass produces strong, hori/ontal 0runners0 !hich bind the sand, and allo! other ground covers, and larger plants to establish a root system in the sand. his binding of the sand stops it from blo!ing a!ay, and allo!s the sand barriers and !ater skirts to be taken do!n. 'each spinifex is extremely salt tolerant, they reduce !ind velocity in the areas behind them, allo!ing for other plants species to gro!. )oats 1oot. "nother pioneering plant, )oats foot is also very resistant to salt, and salt spray. &t is a creeping vines, and sends runners through the sand dunes, but usually do!n the beach. &t !ill be used in con2unction !ith the 'each Spinifex, to help stabilise the dunes. 3asuarina. he casuarina is a fast gro!ing tree, that can gro! up to 10, high. hese tree%s are highly resistant to salt, and also very resistant to 4eat, as the tiny leaves on it, in (horls around the nodes of the branchlets, do not release a lot of moisture. hese trees can also 0fix0 atmospheric nitrogen, improving the nitrogen content of the sandy soils, and allo!ing further plantation of other species of tree%s. nitrogen fixing ,icro organisms live in the root system of the She5oak, and this is !hat allo!s the conversion of 67 into 6itrates. he root system of this tree is also rather aggressive, allo!ing it to get the much needed nutriens from the sandy soil. it is an impressive natural !ind break, !ith its branchlets catching the !ind, and also acts as a salt trap, for the salt spray from the sea, +roviding protection for vegetation established further inland. 3oastal 'anksia. his is a bushy, fast gro!ing tree, that gro!s to around 8m high. &ts root system forms a carpet5like structure, that allo!s it to trap nutrients, and extract them from the nutrient poor sand. his root carpet also absorbs and stores +hosphorus, !hich makes it a prime selection for retaining phosphorus in the frontal dune.

+ast and future concerns !ith the survival of the ecosystem +ast concerns9 serious destruction of habitat, destruction of species, deaths, extinction. $amage to environment, irrepairable, 3auses emmigration. 3reatures not !anting to live there, dont kno! that they can.

1uture concerns he sand dunes must be given a lot of care, other!ise rehabilitation !ill fail. 3reatures must be introduced into the habitat, or the rehabilitation !ill not have been a success. his section must be monitored for years after reconstruction, to ensure that it stays as it is, and no erosion or serious decline in the ecosystem occurs. &f the dunes are not returned to a suitable level, then the ecosystem may not be able to support them. the 3arrying capacity of the dunes may be too lo! for the species present on them