Economic Ceology Vol. 83, 1988, pp.

657-663

OLIGOCENE

MAGMATIC ACTIVITY IN THE POLYMETALLIC

AND ASSOCIATED MINERALIZATION BELT OF CENTRAL PERU

' PIERRE SOLER

Institut Francais deRecherche Scientifique pourle Ddveloppement enCoopdration-ORSTOM, 213rueLafayette,

75480 ParisCedex10, France,and C.N.R.S.,U.A. 384, "Pdtrologie et Mdtallogdnie"
AND MICHEL G. BONHOMME

InstitutDolomieu,Universitd Scientifique et Mddicalede Grenoble and C.N.R.S.,U.A. 69 "GologieAlpine," 15 rue Maurice Gignoux,38031 Grenoble,France

partly published(SolerandBonhomme, 1988), that refersto metallogenetic aspects; it allowsusto conAmong the most striking characteristics of the clude that there havebeen at leasttwo distinctpeCenozoicevolutionof the centralAndesare the ig- riods of polymetallic mineralizationin central peru neousactivity,both effusiveand intrusive,and the duringt. he Oligoceneand Mioceneepochs. formation of very numerousassociated base metal Data on two polymetallicdistr.icts are presented ore deposits.The most important Pb-Zn-(Ag)-(Cu) (Fig. 1). The economically importantMilpo-Atacometallogenetic provinceis the polymetallicbelt of cha district, located a few kilometers northeast of central Peru (Petersen, 1965; Bellido et al., 1969; Cerro de Pasconear to the eastern edge of the Ponzoni, 1982; Soler, 1986; Soler et al., 1986). polymetallic belt, is shownto be of middleOligoAlthoughmineral deposits of Paleogeneage are ceneageandthe noweconomically marginal Chuncommonin southernPeru (e.g., Noble et al., 1984) gar district, located in the middle part of the belt and in the southern part of the centralAndes(e.g., southwest of Cerro de Pasconear the top of the Sillitoe, 1981), they have not heretoforebeen rec- westerncordillera, appearsto be of normal middle ognized in the cordillera of central Peru. In this Miocene age. generalarea, a considerable number of K-Ar deterK-Ar Geochronologic Data
minations of middle and late Miocene have been

Introduction

obtained on intrusive stocks,commonly subvolcanic,which are associated geographically and very probablygenetically with theseore deposits, andon alteration and gangue minerals of the actual deposit.North to south,K-Ar radiochronological data from the depositsof Hualgayoc(Borredon, 1982), Antamina(McKee et al., 1979), Raura(D. C. Noble, unpub.data),Cerro de Pasco (Silberman andNoble, 1977), Colquijirca (Vidal et al., 1984), Huaron (Thouvenin,1984; J. C. Baubronand J. M. Thouvenin, unpub. data), Rio Pallanga (Farrar and Noble, 1976), Morococha (Eyzaguirre et al., 1975), Colqui (Kamilli and Ohmoto, 1977), Yauricocha (Giletti and Day, 1968), Huachocolpa(McKee et al., 1975), Julcani (Noble and Silberman, 1984),
and one fission-track determination for Pasto Bueno

Analytical procedures All ages havebeenobtained by conventional K-Ar methods.The K content of the varioussamples has

beenobtained using X-ray fluorescence for K20 > 1 wt percentandusingatomicabsorption for K20 < 1 wt percentor in cases where only smallamounts of a
samplewere available.The Ar content hasbeen de-

(Landis andRye, 1974) gaveages in the rangeof 15 to 7 m.y. The late Eocene-early Oligocene magmaticbelt of centralPeruhaspreviously beencharacterized by the lack of associated mineralization (Noble et al., 1984).
Various volcanic and intrusive rocks were dated

at the InstitutDolomieu(Grenoble, France)aspart of a researchprogramdealingwith the spaceand time evolution of magmatic and metallogenetic processes alonga transectacross the central Peruvian Andes.The presentcommunication dealswith the part of this new data, which hasalreadybeen
0361-0128/88/812/657-752.50

FIG. 1. Map of the northernpart of centralPeru showing the location of areas referred to in the text and areas covered by Figures 2, 3, and 4. The dashedlines indicate the easternand westernlimitsof the polymetallic provinceof centralPeru (from Soleret al., 1986). 1 -- Cerro de Pasco-Atacocha area(seeFig. 2), 2 = Chungar-Huaron area(seeFigs.3 and4), Uc = Uchucchacua deposit.

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TABLE 1. K-Ar Radiochronologic Data--Milpo-AtacochaArea

Location no. (Fig.2)

Yanamate

Field number
CP 66

Location
76 14' 02" W 10 42' 23" S

Analyzed fraction
Viii P1

K20 (%)
3.74 1.20

4OArtad 4OArtad (%)/4Artors! (tA/g)

76.9 53.2 1.844 0.509

Age (m.y. ___ I r)

15.2 _+0.4 13.1 _+ 1.1

i
$unkullo

2
Mariac

CP 54

76 08' 28" W 10 39' 21" S 76 07' 58" W 10 40' 44" S

76 12' 24" W
10 35' 42" S

Bi P1 Bi P1
WR

8.48 0.73 8.59 0.75

4.03

92.3 79.8 92.4 62.3

82.4

8.58 0.579 8.62 0.586

3.65

30.9 _+0.5 24.4 _+0.9 31.1 _+0.4 24.1 _+ 1.9

27.8 _+0.6

CP 55

Milpo-Socorro
4 MI 15

MI 106

76 12' 31" W
10 35' 25" S

H
P1

0.91
2.67

37.5
87.9

0.883
2.59

29.8 _+2.5
29.8 _+ 1.4

Atacocha-San Gerardo

6 7

AT 43 AT 47

76 12' 55" W
10 34' 37 S

WR P1
WR

3.66 0.71
2.98

76.9 62.3
87.0

3.49 0.599
2.60

29.3 _+0.5 25.9 ___ 1.5

26.3 _+ 0.4

76 12' 55" W
10 34' 28" S

Bi -- biotite,H -- hornblende, P1-- plagioclase, WR -- wholerock

of the Late Triassic andLiastermined using isotope dilutionof aSAr in a 6-cm- in platformlimestones radius mass spectrometer. The spikewascalibrated sic Pucar5Group and partly (veins)in sandstones against the G1-O standard (Odin, 1982). The mean and orthoquartzitesof the NeocomianGoyllarizis quizga Group (Delgado, 1979; Soler, 1986). The appeargeometrically associated with a 24.92 nl/g ascompared to the international valueof ore deposits 24.82 nl/g.All calculations usethe constants recom- seriesof small (<1 km in diam) porphyric quartz dioritic to granodioriticstocks,emplacedalong a mendedby $teiger and J/iger(1977). system of regional thrustfaults(Mgard, Most of the samples have been analyzedusing complex various mineralfractions pluswhole-rock material. 1978). value of this standard measured in Grenoble

The resultsare givenin Tablesi and 2.

In this area (Fig. 2), age determinations have been performed for the Atacocha-San Gerardo stock(samples AT 43 andAT 47) andthe Milpo-SoMilpo-Atacochadistrict corro stock(samples MI 15 and MI 106) which are with the ore deposits; for the Sunkullo Milpo andAtacocha are skarnandvein-typebase associated CP 54) and Mariac (sample CP 55) stocks metal deposits emplacedmostly(skarns and veins) (sample
TASLE 2. K-Ar Radiochronologic Data--Chungar District
Location no. Field

Analyzed

K20

(Figs.3 and4)
Chalhuacocha
8

number
CH 28

Location
76 33' 25" W
11 03' 00" S

fraction
Bi

(%)
8.20

4OArtad (%)/4Artot
71.1

40Arrad (/A/g)
2.67

Age

(Ma _+i a)
10.0 -+ O.3

Chungar
9 10 CU 40 CU 31

76 31' 54" W
11 06' 57" S

WR
Bi P1 Bi Bi

1.93
7.65 2.94 7.78 8.91

56.6
78.1 61.1 76.5 81.7

1.57
3.29 1.21 3.40 3.87

25.1

___ 1.6

11
12

CU 56
CU 57

76 32' 22" W 11 07' 09" S 76 32' 15"W

11 07' 24" S

13.3 _+ 0.3 12.7 _+ 0.6 13.5 _+ 0.3

13.4_+0.3

76 32' 05" W
11 07' 15"S

Bi = biotite,PI = plagioclase, WR = wholerock

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3km

10

FIG. 2. Geologicmap of the Cerro de Pasco-Atacocha area (compiledfrom Mgard, 1978, and unpub.data;Delgado,1979; Soler,unpub.data),with location of samples i to 7. Definitionof patterns: i -- lowerPaleozoic, 2 -- Eo-Hercynian granite(SolerandBonhomme, unpub.data),3 -- Mitu Group,4 = Upper Triassic andLiassic Pucara Group (limestones), 5 -- Neocomian Goyllarizquizga Group (sandstones andorthoquartzites), 6 -- Middle to Upper Cretaceous sedimentary formations, 7 = uppermost Cretaceous and Paleogene red beds,8 -- Oligoceneintrusiverocks,9 -- Mioceneintrusiverocks,10 -- Quaternarydeposits, and 11 -- polymetallicore deposits. which are located about 12 km east of Cerro de

The Yanamate granodioritic porphyric stock Pasco;and for the Yanamate(sampleCP 66) stock gives slightly discordant plagioclase-whole-rock which is located about 4 km southeast of Cerro de ages. The plagioclase phenocrysts are partly sericiPasco. The data are presentedin Table 1. tized, sothat the ageof 15.2 m.y. hasto be consid-

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ered as a minimumage for the emplacement of this stock;it appearsto be approximately contemporaneouswith the Cerro de Pascointrusions(SilbermanandNoble, 1977) andslightlyyoungerthanthe Marcapunta stockat Colquijirca(Vidal et al., 1984). The Sunkulloand Mariac granodioriticporphyric stocksgave discordant ageson biotite and plagioclase.The plagioclase age probablycorresponds to a partial reset; the plagioclasephenocrystsare slightly sericitized,but the biotite appearsunaltered. Cobbing et al. (1981) obtained an ageof 29.5

herent and an ageof 31.0 _+ 0.5 m.y. maybe considered as a good approximation for the age of emplacement of the stocks of the Ticlacayan-Mariac
belt.

The agesobtainedfor the intrusions associated with the Milpo and Atacochadepositsare discordant and scattered between 25.9 _+ 1.5 and 29.8

m.y. on plagioclase for the Quinua stocklocated

several kilometers to the north in the same belt

(Fig. 2). The K20 content of the material datedby Wilson(2.06%)indicates animperfect separation of the plagioclase; the obtained ageisintermediate between the ageswe obtainedon biotite and plagioclase. Thusthe datasetappears to be internallyco-

_+2.5 m.y. The datedporphyricquartzdioritesand granodiorites showa clear alterationof the plagioclase (sericitization and carbonation), so that the plagioclase and whole-rockageshaveto be considered as minimum ages. However, sampleMI 106 givesagesof 29.8 _+2.5 m.y. on hornblende and 29.8 _+1.4 m.y. on plagioclase; we may assume an age about 30 m.y. for the emplacement of the Milpo-Atacocha stocks. Moreover,the similarityof the petrographic and chemical features of the stocksof the Milpo-Atacochadistrict and those of

0
I

2
I

3
I

4
I

FIC. 3. Geologic mapof the Chungar-Huaron area(compiled from Cobbing,1973, andThouvenin, 1984), with location of sample 8. Definitionof patterns: I = Chim6andSanta Formations, 2 = Carhuaz Formation,3 = Farrat, Pariahuanca, Chulec,and Pariatambo Formations, 4 = Jumasha and Celendln Formations, 5 = Upper Cretaceous andPaleogene red beds,6 -- post-Incaic Calipuyvolcanic rocks,7

-- Miocene intrusive rocks, 8 = polymetallic ore deposits andoccurrences, 9 = Pliocene ignimbrites

(Bosque de Piedra),and 10 = lakesandQuaternary deposits.

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661

the Ticlacayan-Mariac belt allowsusto propose that Chalhuacochagranodiorite located about 8 km all these stocks belong to a singleOligocenemag- north of Chungar(Fig. 3), with which the polymetallic prospect of Don Miguel (similar to Chungar) is matic ensemble,emplacedabout 31 m.y. ago. associated (sample CH 28); and (3) an andesitic sill Chungatdistrict (sampleCU 40), intrusiveinto the Jumasha Formation near the easterncontactof the Chungargranite The Chungarskarn-type basemetaldepositis as(Fig. 4). The results are givenin Table 2. sociated both spatiallyand genetically with a graniSample CU 31 of the Chungargranitegivescontic stock (1,300 m NS-750 m EW), which is emcordant biotite-plagioclase agesof about 13.0 m.y. placed in Turonian platform limestones of the JuBoth additional samples give biotite K-Ar agesin masha Formationalongan importantregionalthrust agreement with this concordant age. Both biotite fault. Ore consists mostlyof sphalerite, galena,chaland plagioclase appear completely unalteredand copyrite, and pyrrhotite in an andradite-garnet this age (13.0 +_ 0.5 m.y.) can be regarded asthe age skarngangue,which wasdevelopedin the western of emplacement of the Chungar granite. contactof the stockand in roof pendants. The Chalhuacochagranodiorite gives a biotite In this area (Fig. 3), age determinations have age of 10.0 _+0.3 m.y.; the analyzedbiotite shows been performed on three igneousbodies:(1) the no alterationand this age may be considered as a granite associated with the Chungar ore deposit goodapproximation for the ageof emplacement of (samples CU 31, CU 56, and CU 57; Fig. 4); (2) the this stock, which appears to be slightly younger than the Chungargranite. Both the Chungarand Chalhuacocha stocks were emplacedalongthe same thrust fault, probablylinked with the "Incaic" tectonic phase(Noble et al., 1979). Thouvenin(1984) givesan ageof 10.3 _ 0.2 m.y. for the secondstage of ore formation at Huaron which is located in the samegeneral area (Fig. 3), and J. C. Baubron and J. M. Thouvenin (unpub. data; Thouvenin, writ. commun., 1985) have obtainedK-Ar ages of 15.6 _ I m.y. on plagioclase for the unaltered part of the Huaron stockand of 13.2 _ 0.7 m.y. on chloritefor the first stageof the alteration of the stock.

The CU 40 andesiticsill, which belongsto an intrusive ensemblerecognizedfrom Oyon (Romani, 1982) about 50 km to the north and stretchingto the latitude of Chungar (Soler, in prep.), gives an age of 25.1 _ 1.6 m.y. on whole rock; this hasto be regardedasa minimumagefor the emplacement of this sill. Conceivably,this age corresponds to a partial reset due to a weak alteration (carbonation) of the rock andto the low-grademetamorphicepisode of Miocene age, the existenceof which has been recently demonstrated (Soler, 1987) in the western
cordillera of central Peru.
Conclusions

The present K-Ar data for the Chungar granite, the Chalhuacocha granodiorite,and the Yanamate porphyricgranodioriteconfirmthe importanceof the medium to late Miocene magmaticepisodein the westerncordillera and high plateausof central Peru; the Chungarore depositand the Don Miguel FIG. 4. Geologicmap of the Chungar granite (Cia. Minera prospect are two more polymetallicoccurrences asChungar,unpub.data;Soler,unpub.data),with locationof sam- sociated with this magmaticepisode. ples9 to 12. Definitionof patterns:i = Chim6 Formation(sandThe early and middle Miocene magmaticarc is stones andorthoquartzites), 2 -- Jumasha Formation (limestones),
3 -- Oligocenesills,4 -- Mioceneintrusiverocks,5 = Skarnand ore, 6 -- lakesand Quaternarydeposits.

identified from the medium elevations of the Pacific

slopeof the westerncordillera--the Rupaylacolith

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near Cajatambo(Soler and Bonhomme,1988) and huaylas-Yauri copperprovince(Bellidoet al., 1969; the East Churin stockin the Huaura River valley Santa Cruz et al., 1979) of the south-centralseg(Cobbinget al., 1981)--to the Amazonian slopeof ment of the PeruvianAndes (Soleret al., 1986).
the eastern cordillera, where various alkaline stocks

have been identified in the Oxapampa area (Soler, June22, December21, 1987 unpub. data). Preliminarydatingon three of these REFERENCES stocks hasgiven agesin the rangeof 21.0 +__ 1.0 to Bellido, B. E., DeMontreuil, D. L., and Girard, P. D., 1969, 12.8 +__ 0.6 m.y. by K-Ar on plagioclase and wholeAspectos generales de la metalogenia del Per6: XI Cong.Ing. rock material (Soler and Bonhomme,in prep.).
Borredon, R., 1982, Etudeg6ologique et m6tallog6nique du disChungar and for the porphyric intrusionsof the trict minier de Hualgayoc (P6rouSeptentrional) tplomb-zincMilpo-Atacochadistrict and the Ticlacayan-Mariac cuivre-argent: Unpub.Ph.D. thesis, Univ. ParisVI, 224 p. Cobbing,C. J., 1973, Geologiade loscuadrangulos de Barranca, belt are importantfrom two pointsof view. Ambar,Oyon, Huacho,Huaral y Canta:Lima, Peru, Serv.Geol.
Min., v. 26, 170 p. Cobbing,E. J., Pitcher, W. S., Wilson,J., Baldock,J. W., Taylor, W., McCourt, W., andSnelling,N.J., 1981, The geologyof the
western cordillera of northern Peru: London, Inst. Geol. Sciences, Overseas Mem. 5, 143 p .

The

data obtained

for the andesitic

sill near

Min., Lima, Peru, 96 p.

Firstthey confirm andevenincrease the volumetric importanceof the middle Oligocene magmatic episode in central Peru. The middle Oligocene magmatic arc is identifiedfrom the mediumPacific slopeof the westerncordillera--i.e., from the West Churin and Paccho Tingo stocks in the Huaura River valley (Cobbinget al., 1981; Soler, 1987)-to at leastthe limit between the high plateausand the easterncordillera(Ticlacayan-Mariac belt). The hypothesis of an eastwardextensionof this arc in the easterncordillera cannotbe disregarded, but the chronology of magmaticactivity in this area is still poorly documented.

Delgado,H., 1979, Res6mende la geologla de Atacocha: Lima, Peru, C{aMineraAtacocha S. A., internalrept., 15 p. Eyzaguirre,V. R., Montoya,D. E., Silberman,M. L., and Noble, D.C., 1975, Age of igneous activityand mineralization, Morococha district, central Peru: ECON. GEOL., v. 70, p.
1123-1125.

Farrar, E., and Noble, D.C., 1976, Timing of late tertiary deformationin the Andesof Peru:Geol. Soc.AmericaBull., v. 87, p.
1247-1250.

Second, they demonstrate that the middleOligocene magmatic episodeactuallyplaysa metallogenetic role in the centralPeruvianpolymetallicbelt; district, central Peru: ECON. GEOL., v. 72, 950-982. and thisfactis totallynew.The onlyprevious indication Landis,G. P., andRye, R. O., 1974, Geologic,fluid inclusion stableisotopestudiesof the PastoBuenotungsten-base metal of possibleore formationduring Oligocenetimes ore deposit, northern Peru: ECN. GEOL., v. 69, p. was an age of 25 m.y. obtainedby D.C. Noble 1025-1059. (unpub.data,quotedin Romani,1982) on the small McKee, E. H., Noble, D. C., Petersen, U., Arenas, M., and Benadaciticporphyrystockassociated with the Uchuc- vides, A., 1975, Chronologyof late Tertiary volcanismand mineralization, Huachocolpadistrict, central Peru: ECON. chacuaore deposit, located about 50 km northGEOL., v. 70, p. 388-390. northwestof Chungarat the crest of the western McKee, E. H., Noble, D. C., Sherkenbach, D. A., Drexler, J. W., cordillera (Fig. 1). Thissingle agewasconsidered to Mendoza,J., and Eyzaguirre,V. R., 1979, Age of porphyry be equivocal by Noble,who pointedout the possi- intrusion,potassic alteration,andrelatedskarnmineralization, Antamina district, northern Peru: ECON. GEOL., v. 74, p. bility of excess radiogenic argonwhichmighthave been extractedfrom the underlyingPrecambrian 928-930. F., 1978,Etudeg6ologique desAndes duP6rouCentral: basement.Our data suggest that no excess argonis M6gard, Office de la RechercheScientifiqueet Technique Outre-Mer

Giletti, B. J., and Day, H. W., 1968, Potassium-argon ages of igneous intrusiverocksin Peru: Nature, v. 220, p. 570-572. Kamilli,R. J., and Ohmoto,H., 1977, Paragenesis, zoning,fluid inclusions and isotopicstudiesof the Finlandiavein, Colqui

present andthatthe ageobtained by Noble,considering both the hydrothermalalterationand the Mioceneregional metamorphism (Soler,1987), is a minimumage for the emplacement of this stock. Consequently, the Uchucchacua stock appearsto belong to the same magmatic episode asthe sillsof the Chungar areaandthe stocks of the Milpo-Atacocha districtandthe Ticlacayan-Mariac belt. Thus,
middleOligocene metallogenetic igneous activityis
documented from the crest of the western cordil-

Mem. 86, 310 p. Noble, D.C., McKee, E. H., andM6gard,F., 1979, Early Tertiary "Incaic" tectonism, uplift andvolcanic activity,Andesof central Peru: Geol. Soc.AmericaBull., v. 90, p. 903-907.
Noble, D.C., and Silberman, M. L., 1984, Evoluci6n volctnicae

172-176. lera at Uchucchacua to the easternpart of the high Odin, G. S., 1982, Numeral dating in stratigraphy: New York, plateaus at Milpo-Atacocha. Wiley, 1025 p. This metallogeneticigneousactivity appearsto Petersen, U., 1965, Regionalgeologyand major ore deposits of

hidrotermal y cronologlade K-Ar del distrito minero de Julcani,Per6:Lima, Geol. Soc.Per6, 60th JubileeAnniv.Vol., no. 5, p. 1-35. Noble, D. C., McKee, E. H., Eyzaguirre,V. R., and Marocco,R., 1984, Age and regional tectonic and metallogenetic implications of igneous activity and mineralization in the Andahuaylas-Yauri belt of southernPeru: ECON. GEOL.,v. 79, p.

be slightlyyounger than that associated with the central Peru: ECON.GEOL.,v. 60, p. 407-476. Cu-Fe skarndeposits at Tintayaand Chalcobamba Ponzoni,E., 1982, Metalogeniadel Per6, in Metalogenesis in (Noble et al., 1984) which belongto the Anda- Latino America:Mexico City, Mexico, IUGS Pub. 5, 32 p.

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663

Romani, M., 1982, Gologiede la rgion minire Uchucchacua- Soler,P., andBonhomme, M. G., 1988, New K-Ar agedeterminaHaciendaOtuto, Prou: Unpub. Ph.D. thesis,Inst. Dolomieu, tionsof intrusiverocksfrom westerncordilleraand high plaUniv. Grenoble,176 p. teausof centralPeru.The identification of magmatic pulses and episodes of mineralization: Jour.South American EarthSci.,v. Santa Cruz, S., Guerrero, T., Castilia, F., and Caro, E., 1979, 1, no. 2, in press. Geologla de yacimientos de cobre en "skarn" en la regi6nsurSoler,P., Grandin,G., and Fornari, M., 1986, Essaide synthse oriental del Per6:Geol.Soc.Per6Bol.,v. 59, p. 153-176. surla mtallogniedu Prou: Godynamique, v. 1, p. 33-68. Silberman, M. L., andNoble,D.C., 1977,Ageof igneous activity Steiger,R. H., andJiger,E., 1977, Subcommission on geochroand mineralization, Cerro de Pasco, central Peru: ECON. nology:Convention on the useof decayconstants in geo- and GEOL., v. 72, p. 925-930. cosmochronology: Earth Planet. Sci. Letters, v. 36, p. 359-362. Sillitoe,R. H., 1981, Regional aspects of the Andeanporphyry copperbelt in Chile and Argentina: Inst. Mining Metallurgy Thouvenin,J.-M., 1984, Le gisementpolymtallique Zn-PbCu-Agde Huaron(Prou): Description descorpsminraliss, Trans., v. 90, sec.B., p. B15-B36. tude paragntique, datationsK/Ar des alterationshydroSoler,P., 1986, La province polymtallique desAndes du Prou thermales, rpartition de l'argent:Chron.Recherche MiniSre, central:Chron.Recherche Miniere, no. 482, p. 39-54. no. 477, p. 35-54. -1987, Sur l'existenced'un pisode de mtamorphisme Vidal, C., Mayta, O., Noble, D.C., and McKee, E. H., 1984, Sobre la evoluci(n de soluciones hidrotermales desde el centro rgional d'ge Mioceneinfrieur dansla Cordill,re Occidentale desAndesdu Prou central:Acad.Sci. [Paris] Comptes volcnicoMarcapuntaen Colquijirca,Pasco: Geol. Soc.Per6, Rendus,v. 304, p. 911-916, 60th JubileeAnniv.Vol., no. 10, p. 1-14.