1. What is the wavelength (in nanometers) of light having a frequency of 8.6 1013 Hz !) 3." nm #) 3." 103 nm $) 3.

3." 106 nm %) &.' 10" nm &. What is the frequency (in Hz) of light having a wavelength of "66 nm. !) 1.8' Hz #) ".30 Hz $) 1.8' 106 Hz %) ".30 101( Hz 3. What is the frequency of light having a wavelength of ("6 nm !) 1.3) 10& Hz #) 6."8 10" Hz $) 6."8 101( Hz %) 1.3) 101( Hz (. What is the wavelength (in nanometers) of ra*iation having a frequency of &.(" 10' Hz (+his is the ty,e of ra*iation use* in microwave ovens.) !) 1.&& 108 nm #) 8.&0 10' nm $) 1.&& 1011 nm %) 8.&0 101& nm ". +he average *istance -etween .ars an* /arth is a-out 1.3 108 miles. How long woul* it ta0e +1 ,ictures transmitte* from the Viking s,ace vehicle on .ars2 surface to reach /arth (1 mile 3 1.61 0m.) !) 0.)0 s #) ).0 10& s $) &.) 103 s %) 1.0 10" s 6. How many secon*s woul* it ta0e a ra*io wave to travel from the ,lanet 1enus to /arth (!verage *istance from 1enus to /arth 3 &8 million miles.) !) 1." 10& s #) '.3 101 s $) '.3 s %) 0.1" s

). +he 45 unit of time is the secon*6 which is *efine* as '61'&66316))0 cycles of ra*iation associate* with a certain emission ,rocess in the cesium atom. $alculate the wavelength of this ra*iation (to three significant figures). 5n which region of the electromagnetic s,ectrum is this wavelength foun* !) 3.06 10) nm6 microwave #) 3.06 1010 nm6 ra*io wave $) 3.&6 10) nm6 microwave %) 3.&6 1010 nm6 ra*io wave 8. +he 45 unit of length is the meter6 which is *efine* as the length equal to 166"06)63.)3 wavelengths of the light emitte* -y a ,articular energy transition in 0ry,ton atoms. $alculate the frequency of the light to three significant figures. !) 18& s71 #) 1.8& 101( s71 $) (.'" s71 %) (.'" 101( s71 '. ! ,hoton has a wavelength of 6&( nm. $alculate the energy of the ,hoton in 8oules. !) 3.1' 10716 9 #) 3.1' 1071' 9 $) 1.&( 107&& 9 %) 3.1' 107&8 9 10. +he -lue color of the s0y results from the scattering of sunlight -y air molecules. +he -lue light has a frequency of a-out )." 101( Hz. $alculate the wavelength6 in nm6 associate* with this ra*iation. !) &." 1073 nm #) (.0 10& nm $) (." 10& nm %) (.8 10& nm 11. +he -lue color of the s0y results from the scattering of sunlight -y air molecules. +he -lue light has a frequency of a-out )." 101( Hz. $alculate the energy6 in 8oules6 of a single ,hoton associate* with this frequency. !) &.6 10731 9 #) &.6 107&& 9 $) ".0 1071' 9 %) ".0 10716 9 1&. ! ,hoton has a frequency of 6.0 10( Hz. (a) $onvert this frequency into wavelength (nm). %oes this frequency fall in the visi-le region !) ".0 101& nm: no6 ra*iowave #) ".0 10' nm: no6 ra*iowave

$) &.0 10" nm: no6 microwave %) ".0 103 nm: no6 infrare* 13. ! ,hoton has a frequency of 6.0 10( Hz. $alculate the energy (in 8oules) of this ,hoton. !) (.0 103' 9 #) '.0 103) 9 $) (.0 107&' 9 %) 1.1 10738 9 1(. ! ,hoton has a frequency of 6.0 10( Hz. $alculate the energy (in 8oules) of 1 mole of ,hotons all with this frequency. !) &.( 107" 9;mol #) (.0 10710 9;mol $) 6.6 1071" 9;mol %) (.0 107&0 9;mol 1". What is the wavelength6 in nm6 of ra*iation that has an energy content of 1.0 103 09;mol 5n which region of the electromagnetic s,ectrum is this ra*iation foun* !) 1.& 1071 nm6 <=ray #) &.0 101 nm6 ultraviolet $) 1.& 10& nm6 ultraviolet %) &.0 103 nm6 infrare* 16. When co,,er is -om-ar*e* with high=energy electrons6 <=rays are emitte*. $alculate the energy (in 8oules) associate* with the ,hotons if the wavelength of the < rays is 0.1"( nm. !) 3.06 1071( 9 #) 1.&' 1071" 9 $) 1.&' 107&( 9 %) 3.06 107&6 9 1). ! ,articular form of electromagnetic ra*iation has a frequency of 8.11 101( Hz. What is its wavelength in nanometers +o what region of the electromagnetic s,ectrum woul* you assign it !) &.(3 1011 nm6 ra*io #) &.(3 108 nm6 microwave $) 3.)0 10" nm6 microwave %) 3.)0 10& nm6 ultraviolet

18. ! ,articular form of electromagnetic ra*iation has a frequency of 8.11 101( Hz. What is the energy (in 8oules) of one quantum of this ra*iation !) ".38 10710 9 #) ".38 1071' 9 $) &.(" 107&& 9 %) &.(" 10731 9 1'. 4ome co,,er com,oun*s emit green light when they are heate* in a flame. How woul* you *etermine whether the light is of one wavelength or a mi>ture of two or more wavelengths !) ?-serve the emitte* light with green tinte* glasses. #) @ass the emitte* light through a -ea0er of water. $) @ass the emitte* light through a ,rism. %) @ass the emitte* light through green tinte* glasses. &0. 5s it ,ossi-le for a fluorescent material to emit ra*iation in the ultraviolet region after a-sor-ing visi-le light />,lain your answer. !) Ao6 ultraviolet light has higher energy than visi-le light. #) Ao6 fluorescent materials only emit ,ur,le an* green visi-le light. $) Bes6 fluorescent materials emit a -roa* s,ectrum of light. %) Bes6 after storing enough visi-le light energy6 the fluorescent material can emit ultraviolet light. Cse the following to answer questions &1=&3D $onsi*er the following energy levels of a hy,othetical atomD /( 3 71.0 1071' 9 /3 3 7".0 1071' 9 /& 3 710 1071' 9 /1 3 71" 1071' 9 &1. What is the wavelength of the ,hoton nee*e* to e>cite an electron from /1 to /( !) 1.1 108 nm #) 1.( 10& nm $) 1.1 1071 nm %) 1.( 107) nm &&. What is the energy (in 8oules) a ,hoton must have in or*er to e>cite an electron from /& to /3 !) " 10710 9 #) 10 1071' 9 $) " 1071' 9 %) 1" 1071' 9

&3. When an electron *ro,s from the E3 level to the E1 level6 the atom is sai* to un*ergo emission. $alculate the wavelength of the ,hoton emitte* in this ,rocess. !) 7&.0 10& nm #) &.0 107) nm $) &.0 10& nm %) &.0 10" nm &(. +he first line of the #almer series occurs at a wavelength of 6"6.3 nm. What is the energy *ifference -etween the two energy levels involve* in the emission that results in this s,ectral line !) 3.36) 10736 9 #) 3.0&) 107&8 9 $) 1.&'' 107&& 9 %) 3.0&) 1071' 9 &". $alculate the wavelength (in nanometers) of a ,hoton emitte* -y a hy*rogen atom when its electron *ro,s from the n = " state to the n = 3 state. !) 1.&8 1076 nm #) 1.(6 1076 nm $) 1.(6 103 nm %) 1.&8 103 nm &6. $alculate the frequency (Hz) of the emitte* ,hoton when an electron *ro,s from the n = ( to the n = & level in a hy*rogen atom. !) &.)( 101( Hz #) 6.1) 101( Hz $) 1.6& 101" Hz %) 3.6" 101" Hz &). $alculate the wavelength (nm) of the emitte* ,hoton when an electron *ro,s from the n = ( to the n = & level in a hy*rogen atom. !) (.86 10& nm #) 1.8" 10& nm $) 8.&& 101 nm %) 1.0' 103 nm &8. $areful s,ectral analysis shows that the familiar yellow light of so*ium lam,s (such as street lam,s) is ma*e u, of ,hotons of two wavelengths6 "8'.0 nm an* "8'.6 nm. What is the *ifference in energy (in 8oules) -etween ,hotons with these wavelengths !) 3.( 107&& 9 #) 3 107&& 9 $) +here is no significant *ifference.

&'. !n electron in the hy*rogen atom ma0es a transition from an energy state of ,rinci,al quantum num-ers ni to the n = & state. 5f the ,hoton emitte* has a wavelength of (3( nm6 what is the value of ni !) 3 #) ( $) " %) 6 30. +hermal neutrons are neutrons that move at s,ee*s com,ara-le to those of air molecules at room tem,erature. +hese neutrons are most effective in initiating a nuclear chain reaction among &3"C isoto,es. $alculate the wavelength (in nm) associate* with a -eam of neutrons moving at ).00 10& m;s. (+he mass of a neutron is 1.6)" 107&) 0g.) !) 1.)) nm #) 0."6" nm $) 0.1)) nm %) 0.0"6" nm 31. @rotons can -e accelerate* to s,ee*s near that of light in ,article accelerators. /stimate the wavelength (in nm) of such a ,roton moving at &.'0 108 m;s. (.ass of a ,roton is 1.6)3 107&) 0g.) !) 1.3) 1073 nm #) 1.3) 1076 nm $) 1.3) 107' nm %) 1.3) 1071" nm 3&. What is the *e #roglie wavelength6 in cm6 of a 1&.(=g humming-ir* flying at 1.&0 10& m,h (1 mile 3 1.610m.) !) '.'6 107&' cm #) 1.66 10730 cm $) '.'6 1073& cm %) 1.66 10733 cm 33. What is the *e #roglie wavelength (in nm) associate* with a &."=g @ing=@ong -all traveling 3"m,h !) 1.) 107&3 nm #) &.8 107&" nm $) 1.) 107&6 nm %) &.8 107&8 nm 3(. !n electron in a certain atom is in the n = & quantum level. Eist the ,ossi-le values of l6 an* ml6 that it can have. !) l 3 0, ml 3 0: l 3 16 ml 3 716 06 1: l 3 &: ml 3 7&6 716 06 16 & #) l 3 06 ml 3 0: l 3 16 ml 3 716 06 1 $) l 3 06 ml 3 716 06 1

%) l 3 16 ml 3 716 06 1 3". !n electron in an atom is in the n = 3 quantum level. Eist the ,ossi-le values of l an* ml6 that it can have. !) l 3 16 ml 3 716 06 1: l 3 &6 ml 3 7&6 716 06 16 & #) l 3 06 ml 3 0: l 3 16 ml 3 06 1: l 3 &6 ml 3 06 16 & $) l 3 06 ml 3 0: l 3 16 ml 3 716 06 1: l 3 &6 ml 3 7&6 716 06 16 & %) l 3 0, ml 3 0: l 3 16 ml 3 716 06 1: l 3 &6 ml 3 7&6 716 06 16 &: l 3 36 ml 3 736 7&6 716 06 16 &6 3 36. Five the values of the quantum num-ers associate* with the &p su-shell. !) n 3 &6 l 3 &6 ml 3 7&6 716 06 16 & #) n 3 &6 l 3 16 ml 3 0 $) n 3 &6 l 3 16 ml 3 1 %) n 3 &6 l 3 16 ml 3 716 06 1 3). Five the values of the quantum num-ers associate* with the 3s su-shell. !) n 3 36 l 3 06 ml 3 0 #) n 3 36 l 3 16 ml 3 716 06 1 $) n 3 36 l 3 &6 ml 3 7&6 716 06 16 & %) n 3 36 l 3 36 ml 3 736 7&6 716 06 16 &6 3 38. Five the values of the quantum num-ers associate* with the "d su-shell. !) n 3 "6 l 3 06 ml 3 0 #) n 3 "6 l 3 16 ml 3 716 06 1 $) n 3 "6 l 3 &6 ml 3 7&6 716 06 16 & %) n 3 "6 l 3 36 ml 3 736 7&6 716 06 16 &6 3 3'. Gor the (p su-shell6 state whether the values of the quantum num-ers (n6 l6 an* ml6) an* the num-er of or-itals in the su-shell are +rue or Galse. (p su-shellD n 3 (6 l 3 36 ml 3 7 36 7&6 716 06 16 &6 3: 3 p or-itals. !) +rue #) Galse (0. Gor the 3d su-shell6 state whether the values of the quantum num-ers (n6 l6 an* ml6) an* the num-er of or-itals in the su-shell are +rue or Galse. 3d su-shellD n 3 36 l 3 &6 ml 3 7 &6 716 06 16 &: " d or-itals. !) +rue #) Galse (1. Gor the 3s su-shell6 state whether the values of the quantum num-ers (n6 l6 an* ml6) an* the num-er of or-itals in the su-shell are +rue or Galse. 3s su-shellD n 3 36 l 3 06 ml 3 0: 1 s or-ital. !) +rue #) Galse

(&. Gor the "f su-shell6 state whether the values of the quantum num-ers (n6 l6 an* ml6) an* the num-er of or-itals in the su-shell are +rue or Galse. "f su-shellD n 3 "6 l 3 36 ml 3 06 16 &6 3: )f or-itals. !) +rue #) Galse (3. 4tate whether or not (+;G) the following list inclu*es all the ,ossi-le su-shells an* or-itals associate* with the ,rinci,al quantum num-er n6 if n = "D l 3 06 16 &6 36 (: "s(1 or-ital)6 "p(3 or-itals)6 "d(" or-itals)6 "f() or-itals)6 "g(8 or-itals). !) +rue #) Galse ((. 4tate whether or not (+;G) the following list inclu*es all the ,ossi-le su-shells an* or-itals associate* with the ,rinci,al quantum num-er n6 if n = 6D l 3 06 16 &6 36 (6 ": 6s(1 or-ital)6 6p(3 or-itals)6 6d(" or-itals)6 6f() or-itals)6 6g(' or-itals)6 6h(11or-itals). !) +rue #) Galse (". $alculate the total num-er of electrons that can occu,yD (!) one s or-ital6 (#) three p or-itals6 ($) five d or-itals6 (%) seven f or-itals. !) (!)&: (#)': ($)106 (%)1( #) (!)&: (#)6: ($)86 (%)1( $) (!)&: (#)6: ($)106 (%)1( %) (!)&: (#)6: ($)106 (%)16 (6. What is the total num-er of electrons that can -e hel* in all or-itals having the same ,rinci,al quantum num-er n !) (n& #) &n& $) &n %) & (). %etermine the ma>imum num-er of electrons that can -e foun* in each of the following su-shellsD 3s6 3d6 (p6 (f6 "f. !) 3s(&): 3d(8): (p(6): (f(1(): "f(1() #) 3s(&): 3d(10): (p(6): (f(1(): "f(16) $) 3s(&): 3d(8): (p(6): (f(1(): "f(1() %) 3s(&): 3d(10): (p(6): (f(1(): "f(1() (8. 4tate the total num-er ofD p electrons in A (Z = )): s electrons in 4i (Z = 1(): an* 3d electrons in 4 (Z = 16). !) A6 3p electrons: 4i6 6s electrons: 46 "d electrons #) A6 &p electrons: 4i6 6s electrons: 46 "d electrons $) A6 3p electrons: 4i6 6s electrons: 46 0d electrons

%) A6 6p electrons: 4i6 6s electrons: 46 0d electrons ('. Why *o the 3s6 3p6 an* 3d or-itals have the same energy in a hy*rogen atom -ut *ifferent energies in a many=electron atom !) .any=electron atoms have shiel*ing from the lower or-itals. #) +he many electrons e>cite each other to higher energies. $) +he or-itals are sha,e* *ifferently with many=electron atoms. "0. Gor each of the following ,airs of hy*rogen or-itals6 in*icate which is higher in energyD (!) 1s6 &s: (#) &p6 3p: ($) 3dxy6 3dyz: (%) 3s6 3d: (/) (f6 "s. !) (!) &s: (#) 3p: ($) equal: (%) 3d: (/) "s #) (!) &s: (#) 3p: ($) equal: (%) equal: (/) "s $) (!) &s: (#) &p: ($) equal: (%) equal: (/) "s %) (!) &s: (#) 3p: ($) equal: (%) equal: (/) (f "1. Which or-ital in each of the following ,airs is lower in energy in a many=electron atom (!) &s6 &p: (#) 3p6 3d: ($) 3s6 (s: (%) (d6 "f. !) (!) &s: (#) 3p: ($) 3s6 (%) "f #) (!) &s: (#) 3*: ($) 3s6 (%) (d $) (!) &s: (#) 3p: ($) 3s6 (%) (d %) (!) &p: (#) 3p: ($) 3s6 (%) (d "&. 5n*icate which of the following sets of quantum num-ers in an atom are unacce,ta-leD (!) (16 06 H6 H): (#) (36 06 06 IH): ($) (&6 &6 16 IH): (%) ((6 36 7&6 IH): (/) (36 &6 16 1). !) (!) an* (/) are unacce,ta-le. #) (#)6 ($) an* (/) are unacce,ta-le. $) (!)6 (#)6 ($) an* (/) are unacce,ta-le. %) (!)6 ($) an* (/) are unacce,ta-le. "3. +he groun*=state electron configuration liste* here is incorrectD !lD 1s2&s&&p(3s&3p3. Write the correct electron configuration. !) !lD 1s2 &s& &p6 3s& 3p& #) !lD 1s2 &s& &p6 3s& $) !lD 1s2 &s& &p6 3s& 3p1 "(. +he groun*=state electron configuration liste* is incorrectD #D 1s&&s&&p". Write the correct electron configuration. !) #D 1s2 &s& &p1 #) #D 1s2 &s& &p& $) #D 1s2 &s& &p3 "". +he groun*=state electron configuration liste* is incorrectD GD 1s2&s&&p6. Write the correct electron configuration. !) GD 1s2 &s& &p3 #) GD 1s2 &s& &p(

$) GD 1s2 &s& &p" "6. +he atomic num-er of an element is )3. 5s this element *iamagnetic or ,aramagnetic !) %iamagnetic #) @aramagnetic "). 5n*icate the num-er of un,aire* electrons ,resent in each of the following atomsD #6 Ae6 @6 4c6 .n6 4e. !) #(1): Ae(0): @(3): 4c(1): .n("): 4e(&) #) #(0): Ae(0): @(3): 4c(1): .n("): 4e(&) $) #(1): Ae(0): @(&): 4c(&): .n("): 4e(&) %) #(1): Ae(0): @(3): 4c(&): .n((): 4e(&) "8. 5n*icate the num-er of un,aire* electrons ,resent in each of the following atomsD Jr6 Ge6 $*6 56 @-. !) Jr(0): Ge((): $*(0): 5(1): @-(1) #) Jr(0): Ge((): $*(1): 5(1): @-(&) $) Jr(0): Ge(3): $*(0): 5(1): @-(&) %) Jr(0): Ge((): $*(0): 5(1): @-(&) "'. %etermine whether all the groun*=state electron configurations for the elements liste* are correct. 5f they are all correct6 answer +rue. 5f any are incorrect6 answer Galse. #D KHeL &s& &p1 !sD K!rL (s& 3d10 (p3 1D K!rL (s&3d3 5D KJrL "s& (d10 "p" AiD K!rL (s& 3d8 !uD K<eL 6s1 (f1( "d10 !) +rue #) Galse 60. %etermine whether all the groun*=state electron configurations for the elements liste* are correct. 5f they are all correct6 answer +rue. 5f any are incorrect6 answer Galse. FeD K!rL (s& 3d10 (p& GeD K!rL (s& 3d6 MnD K!rL (s& 3d10 AiD K!rL (s& 3d8 WD K<eL 6s& (f1( "d( +lD K<eL 6s& (f1( "d10 !) +rue #) Galse 61. +he electron configuration of a neutral atom is 1s&&s&&p63s&. Aame the element. !) 4i #) Aa $) .g

%) !l 6&. Which of the following s,ecies has the most un,aire* electrons 4I6 46 or 47 !) 4I #) 4 $) 47 %) +hey all have the same num-er of un,aire* electrons. 63. Cse the !uf-au ,rinci,le to o-tain the groun*=state electron configuration of selenium. !) 4eD K!rL(s&3d10(p3 #) 4eD K!rL(s&3d10(p( $) 4eD K!rL(s&3d10(p" %) 4eD K!rL(s&3d10(p6 6(. Cse the !uf-au ,rinci,le to o-tain the groun*=state electron configuration of technetium. !) +cD KJrL (d6 #) +cD KJrL (d) $) +cD KJrL "s&(d" %) +cD KJrL "s&(d6 6". When a com,oun* containing cesium ion is heate* in a #unsen -urner flame6 ,hotons with an energy of (.30 101' 9 are emitte*. What color is the cesium flame !) 1iolet #) #lue $) Freen %) Bellow 66. Which of the following statements are currently consi*ere* to -e correct (1) +he electron in the hy*rogen atom is in an or-it that never -rings it closer than 100 ,m to the nucleus. (&) !tomic a-sor,tion s,ectra result from transitions of electrons from lower to higher energy levels. (3) ! many=electron atom -ehaves somewhat li0e a solar system that has a num-er of ,lanets. !) (1) only. #) (1) an* (&). $) (&) only. %) (&) an* (3). 6). What is the ma>imum num-er of electrons in an atom that can have the following quantum num-ersD (1) n 3 &6 ms 3 IH : (&) n 3 (6 ml 3 +1: (3) n 3 36 l 3 &: (() n 3 &6 l 3 06 ms 3 H : (") n 3 (6 l 3 36 ml 3 &. !) (1)(: (&)": (3)8: (()&: (")& #) (1)(: (&)6: (3)8: (()1: (")& $) (1)(: (&)6: (3)10: (()1: (")& %) (1)(: (&)6: (3)10: (()&: (")&

68. What ,ro,erties of electrons are use* in the o,eration of an electron microsco,e !) +he wave ,ro,erties. #) +he ,article ,ro,erties. $) #oth the wave an* the ,article ,ro,erties. 6'. 5n a ,hotoelectric e>,eriment a stu*ent uses a light source whose frequency is greater than that nee*e* to e8ect electrons from a certain metal. However6 after continuously shining the light on the same area of the metal for a long ,erio* of time the stu*ent notices that the ma>imum 0inetic energy of e8ecte* electrons -egins to *ecrease6 even though the frequency of the light is hel* constant. How woul* you account for this -ehavior !) +he metal surface o>i*izes ra,i*ly un*er -om-ar*ment6 an* the o>i*e coating -egins to shiel* it. #) +he metal surface -ecomes ,itte*6 so the light cannot stri0e it as efficiently. $) +he e8ecte* electrons -uil* u, an* interfere with the a,,roaching light ,hotons. %) +he metal surface -ecomes ,ositively charge*6 attracting -ac0 the electrons. )0. ! certain ,itcher2s fast-alls have -een cloc0e* at a-out 100 m,h. $alculate the wavelength of a 0.1(1=0g -ase-all (in nm) at this s,ee*. (1 mile 3 160' m.) !) 1.0" 107&& nm #) 1.0" 107&" nm $) 1.)" 107&( nm %) 1.)" 107&) nm )1. ! certain ,itcher2s fast-alls have -een cloc0e* at a-out 100 m,h. What is the wavelength of a hy*rogen atom at the same s,ee* (1 mile 3 160' m.) !) 1.() 107&3 nm #) 0.1() nm $) 8.86 nm %) 8.86 10' nm )&. $onsi*ering only the groun*=state electron configuration6 are there more *iamagnetic or ,aramagnetic atoms !) @aramagnetic #) %iamagnetic $) !-out equal num-ers of *iamagnetic an* ,aramagnetic. )3. ! ru-y laser ,ro*uces ra*iation of wavelength 633 nm in ,ulses whose *uration is 1.00 10' s. 5f the laser ,ro*uces 0.3)6 9 of energy ,er ,ulse6 how many ,hotons are ,ro*uce* in each ,ulse !) 1.&0 10&) ,hotons #) 1.&0 1018 ,hotons $) 3.18 1018 ,hotons

%) 8.3" 101' ,hotons )(. ! ru-y laser ,ro*uces ra*iation of wavelength 633 nm in ,ulses whose *uration is 1.00 10' s. 5f the laser ,ro*uces 0.3)6 9 of energy ,er ,ulse6 calculate the ,ower (in watts) *elivere* -y the laser ,er ,ulse. (1W 3 19;s.) !) &.66 101& W #) 3.)6 1011 W $) &.66 10' W %) 3.)6 108 W )". ! 368=g sam,le of water a-sor-s infrare* ra*iation at 1.06 10( nm from a car-on *io>i*e laser. 4u,,ose all the a-sor-e* ra*iation is converte* to heat. $alculate the num-er of ,hotons at this wavelength require* to raise the tem,erature of the water -y ".00N$. !) (.10 103& ,hotons #) ".3& 10&8 ,hotons $) (.10 10&3 ,hotons %) ".3& 101' ,hotons )6. @hoto*issociation of water H&? (l) I h H& (g) I 1;&?& (g) has -een suggeste* as a source of hy*rogen. +he Hr>n for the reaction6 calculate* from thermochemical *ata6 is &8".8 09 ,er mole of water *ecom,ose*. $alculate the ma>imum wavelength (in nm) that woul* ,rovi*e the necessary energy. 5n ,rinci,le6 is it feasi-le to use sunlight as a source of energy for this ,rocess !) (.1' 10" nm: yes #) (.1' 10" nm: no $) (1' nm: yes %) (1' nm: no )). 4,ectral lines of the Eyman an* #almer series *o not overla,. 1erify this statement -y calculating the longest wavelength associate* with the Eyman series an* the shortest wavelength associate* with the #almer series (in nm). !) Eongest EymanD 18& nm: shortest #almerD 36" nm #) Eongest EymanD 1&1 nm: shortest #almerD 36" nm $) Eongest EymanD 1&1 nm: shortest #almerD (86 nm %) Eongest EymanD 36" nm: shortest #almerD (86 nm )8. ?nly a fraction of the electrical energy su,,lie* to a tungsten light -ul- is converte* to visi-le light. +he rest of the energy shows u, as infrare* ra*iation (that is6 heat). ! )"= W light -ul- converts 1".0 ,ercent of the energy su,,lie* to it into visi-le light (assume the wavelength to -e ""0 nm). How many ,hotons are emitte* -y the light -ul- ,er secon* (1 W 3 1 9;s.) !) 3.0 101' ,hotons

#) &.1 10&0 ,hotons $) 3.0 10&8 ,hotons %) &.1 10&' ,hotons )'. $ertain sunglasses have small crystals of silver chlori*e (!g$l) incor,orate* in the lenses. When the lenses are e>,ose* to light of the a,,ro,riate wavelength6 the following reaction occursD !g$l !g I $l +he !g atoms forme* ,ro*uce a uniform gray color that re*uces the glare. 5f H for the reaction is &(8 096 calculate the ma>imum wavelength of light that can in*uce this ,rocess. !) &') nm #) (83 nm $) &.') 10" nm %) (.83 10" nm 80. +he HeI ion contains only one electron an* is therefore a hy*rogen=li0e ion. $alculate the wavelengths of the first four transitions in the #almer series of the HeI ion. (+he Oy*-erg constant for HeI is 8.)& 1018 9.) Which of the following is not one of these transitions !) n 3 3 to &: 3 16( nm: C1 #) n 3 ( to &: 3 1&1 nm: C1 $) n 3 " to &: 3 10) nm: C1 %) n 3 6 to &: 3 103 nm: C1 81. $alculate the wavelengths of the first four transitions in the #almer series of the H atom. Which of the following is not one of these transitions !) n 3 3 to &: 3 6") nm: 1isi-le #) n 3 ( to &: 3 (8) nm: 1isi-le $) n 3 " to &: 3 (3( nm: 1isi-le %) n 3 6 to &: 3 (0' nm: 1isi-le Cse the following to answer questions 8&=83D Cse ta-les of 4tan*ar* /nthal,y of Gormation. ?zone (?3) in the stratos,here a-sor-s the harmful ra*iation from the sun -y un*ergoing *ecom,ositionD ?3 ? I ?&. 8&. $alculate the H for the *ecom,osition of ozone. !) 710).& 09 #) 73'&.0 09 $) 10).& 09 %) 3'&.0 09

83. $alculate the ma>imum wavelength of ,hotons (in nm) that ,ossess this energy to cause the *ecom,osition of ozone ,hotochemically. !) 1.1& 103 nm #) 306 nm $) 186 nm %) 11& nm 8(. +he retina of a human eye can *etect light when ra*iant energy inci*ent on it is at least (.0 101) 9. Gor light of 600=nm wavelength6 how many ,hotons *oes this corres,on* to !) 1.3 101 ,hotons #) 1.& 10& ,hotons $) 1.3 103 ,hotons %) 1.& 1011 ,hotons 8". ! ,hotoelectric e>,eriment was ,erforme* -y se,arately shining a laser at ("0 nm (-lue light) an* a laser at "60 nm (yellow light) on a clean metal surface an* measuring the num-er of the e8ecte* electrons. Which light woul* generate more electrons !ssume that the same amount of energy is *elivere* to the metal surface -y each laser an* that the frequencies of the laser lights e>cee* the threshol* frequency. !) +he yellow light woul* generate more electrons. #) +he -lue light woul* generate more electrons. $) +he -lue an* yellow lights woul* generate equal num-ers of electrons. 86. ! ,hotoelectric e>,eriment was ,erforme* -y se,arately shining a laser at ("0 nm (-lue light) an* a laser at "60 nm (yellow light) on a clean metal surface an* measuring the 0inetic energy of the e8ecte* electrons. Which light woul* e8ect electrons with greater 0inetic energy !ssume that the same amount of energy is *elivere* to the metal surface -y each laser an* that the frequencies of the laser lights e>cee* the threshol* frequency. !) +he yellow light woul* e8ect electrons with greater 0inetic energy. #) +he -lue light woul* e8ect electrons with greater 0inetic energy. $) +he -lue an* yellow lights woul* e8ect electrons with the same 0inetic energy. 8). +he electron configurations *escri-e* in this cha,ter all refer to gaseous atoms in their groun* states. !n atom may a-sor- a quantum of energy an* ,romote one of its electrons to a higher=energy or-ital. When this ha,,ens6 we say that the atom is in an e>cite* state. +he electron configurations of some e>cite* atoms are given. 5*entify the s,ecies. (!) 1s1&s1 : (#) 1s&&s&&p&3d1 : ($) 1s&&s&&p6(s1 !) (!) He: (#) $: ($) Ae #) (!) HeI: (#) AI: ($) AaI $) (!) He: (#) A: ($) Aa %) (!) He: (#) ?: ($) Aa

88. +he electron configurations *escri-e* in this cha,ter all refer to gaseous atoms in their groun* states. !n atom may a-sor- a quantum of energy an* ,romote one of its electrons to a higher=energy or-ital. When this ha,,ens6 we say that the atom is in an e>cite* state. +he electron configurations of some e>cite* atoms are given. 5*entify these s,ecies. (!) K!rL(s13d10(p(: (#) KAeL3s&3p(3d1. !) (!) 4e: (#) $l #) (!) Fe: (#) 4 $) (!) !sI: (#) $l7 %) (!) !s: (#) $l 8'. 5f Outherfor* an* his cowor0ers ha* use* electrons instea* of al,ha ,articles to ,ro-e the structure of the nucleus6 what might have they *iscovere* !) +he ,ositive charge of ,rotons. #) +he negative charge of electrons. $) +he wave ,ro,erties of electrons. %) +he ,article ,ro,erties of electrons. '0. 4cientists have foun* interstellar hy*rogen atoms with quantum num-er n in the hun*re*s. $alculate the wavelength of light emitte* when a hy*rogen atom un*ergoes a transition from n = &36 to n = &3". 5n what region of the electromagnetic s,ectrum *oes this wavelength fall !) 0."'6 nm6 <ray #) '.1& 101 nm6 Cltraviolet $) ".'6 108 nm6 .icrowave %) '.1& 101& nm6 Oa*iowave '1. $alculate the wavelength of a helium atom whose s,ee* is equal to the root=mean= square s,ee* at &0N$. !) ).3' 10" nm #) ).3' 10& nm $) &.83 101 nm %) &.83 10& nm '&. 5onization energy is the minimum energy require* to remove an electron from an atom. 5t is usually e>,resse* in units of 09;mol6 that is6 the energy in 0ilo8oules require* to remove one mole of electrons from one mole of atoms. $alculate the ionization energy for the hy*rogen atom. !) 1.31 103 09;mol #) 1.31 10' 09;mol $) &.18 10&3 09;mol %) &.18 1018 09;mol

'3. 5onization energy is the minimum energy require* to remove an electron from an atom. 5t is usually e>,resse* in units of 09;mol6 that is6 the energy in 0ilo8oules require* to remove one mole of electrons from one mole of atoms. $alculate the ionization energy for the hy*rogen atom6 assuming that the electrons are remove* from the n = & state. !) 3.&8 10" 09;mol #) 1.31 103 09;mol $) 6."6 10& 09;mol %) 3.&8 10& 09;mol '(. !n electron in a hy*rogen atom is e>cite* from the groun* state to the n = ( state. %eci*e whether the following statement is true or false. 4tatementD n = ( is the first e>cite* state. !) +rue #) Galse '". !n electron in a hy*rogen atom is e>cite* from the groun* state to the n = ( state. %eci*e whether the following statement is true or false. 4tatementD 5t ta0es more energy to ionize (remove) the electron from n = ( than from the groun* state. !) +rue #) Galse '6. !n electron in a hy*rogen atom is e>cite* from the groun* state to the n = ( state. %eci*e whether the following statement is true or false. 4tatementD +he electron is farther from the nucleus (on average) in n = ( than in the groun* state. !) +rue #) Galse '). !n electron in a hy*rogen atom is e>cite* from the groun* state to the n = ( state. %eci*e whether the following statement is true or false. 4tatementD +he wavelength of light emitte* when the electron *ro,s from n = ( to n = 1 is longer than the wavelength of light emitte* when the electron *ro,s from n = ( to n = &. !) +rue #) Galse '8. !n electron in a hy*rogen atom is e>cite* from the groun* state to the n = ( state. %eci*e whether the following statement is true or false. 4tatementD +he wavelength the atom a-sor-s in going from n = 1 to n = ( is the same as the wavelength it emits as it goes from n = ( to n = 1. !) +rue #) Galse

''. +he ionization energy of a certain element is (1& 09;mol. However6 when the atoms of this element are in the first e>cite* state6 the ionization energy is only 1&6 09;mol. #ase* on this information6 calculate the wavelength of light emitte* in a transition from the first e>cite* state to the groun* state. !) 3."0 106 nm #) (.1' 10" nm $) (.1' 10& nm %) 3."0 10& nm 100. !lveoli are the tiny sacs of air in the lungs whose average *iameter is ".0 107" m. $onsi*er an o>ygen molecule (".3 107&6 0g) tra,,e* within a sac. $alculate the uncertainty in the velocity of the o>ygen molecule. (Hint: +he ma>imum uncertainty in the ,osition of the molecule is given -y the *iameter of the sac.) !) 1.0 1078 m;s: 1.0 101 nm;s #) &.0 107" m;s: &.0 10( nm;s $) (.0 107" m;s: (.0 10( nm;s %) 3.0 m;s: 3.0 10' nm;s 101. How many ,hotons at 660 nm must -e a-sor-e* to melt ".0 10& g of ice ?n average6 how many H&? molecules *oes one ,hoton convert from ice to water (Hint: 5t ta0es 33( 9 to melt 1 g of ice at 0N$.) !) &.& 1018 ,hotons #) "." 10&3 ,hotons $) &.& 10&) ,hotons %) "." 103& ,hotons

Cse the following to answer questions 10&=103D />amine the following ,ortions of or-ital *iagrams re,resenting the groun*=state electron configurations of certain elements.

10&. Which of the or-ital *iagrams violate the @auli e>clusion ,rinci,le !) (1) an* (6) #) (1)6 (3) an* (6) $) (&) an* (") %) (() an* (") 103. Which of the or-ital *iagrams violate Hun*2s rule !) (&) an* (3) #) (&)6 (() an* (") $) (1)6 (() an* (") %) (1) an* (()

10(. +he C1 light that is res,onsi-le for tanning the s0in falls in the 3&0= to (00=nm region. $alculate the total energy (in 8oules) a-sor-e* -y a ,erson e>,ose* to this ra*iation for &.0 hours6 given that there are &.0 1016 ,hotons hitting /arth2s surface ,er square centimeter ,er secon* over a 80=nm (3&0 nm to (00 nm) range an* that the e>,ose* -o*y area is 0.(" m&. !ssume that only half of the ra*iation is a-sor-e* an* the other half is reflecte* -y the -o*y. (Hint: Cse an average wavelength of 360 nm in calculating the energy of a ,hoton.) !) &.' 101" 9 #) 3.6 10" 9 $) 1.8 10" 9 %) 3.6 10& 9 10". +he sun is surroun*e* -y a white circle of gaseous material calle* the corona6 which -ecomes visi-le *uring a total ecli,se of the sun. +he tem,erature of the corona is in the millions of *egrees $elsius6 which is high enough to -rea0 u, molecules an* remove some or all of the electrons from atoms. ?ne way astronomers have -een a-le to estimate the tem,erature of the corona is -y stu*ying the emission lines of ions of certain elements. Gor e>am,le6 the emission s,ectrum of Ge1(I ions has -een recor*e* an* analyze*. Jnowing that it ta0es 3." 10( 09;mol to convert Ge13I to Ge1(I6 estimate the tem,erature (J) of the sun2s corona. (Hint: +he average 0inetic energy of one mole of a gas is 3;&PRT.) !) 6.3 10' J #) &.8 10' J $) 6.3 106 J %) &.8 106 J 106. 5n 1''6 ,hysicists create* an anti=atom of hy*rogen. 5n such an atom6 which is the antimatter equivalent of an or*inary atom6 the electrical charges of all the com,onent ,articles are reverse*. +hus the nucleus of an anti=atom is ma*e of an anti=,roton6 which has the same mass as a ,roton -ut -ears a negative charge6 while the electron is re,lace* -y an anti=electron (also calle* ,ositron) with the same mass as an electron6 -ut -earing a ,ositive charge. (1)Woul* you e>,ect the energy levels6 emission s,ectra6 an* atomic or-itals of an antihy*rogen atom to -e *ifferent from those of a hy*rogen atom (&)What woul* ha,,en if an anti=atom of hy*rogen colli*e* with a hy*rogen atom !) (1)Bes6 *ifferent: (&)Ao reaction. #) (1)Bes6 *ifferent: (&)!nnihilation an* energy release*. $) (1)Ao6 the same: (&)Ao reaction. %) (1)Ao6 the same: (&)!nnihilation an* energy release*. 10). #egin -y using the root=mean=square s,ee* equation an* then calculate the *e #roglie wavelength of a A& molecule at 300.0 J. !) &.)"" 101( m #) 8.)10 1013 m $) &.)"" 1011 m %) 8.)10 1010 m

Answer Key
1. &. 3. (. ". 6. ). 8. '. 10. 11. 1&. 13. 1(. 1". 16. 1). 18. 1'. &0. &1. &&. &3. &(. &". &6. &). &8. &'. 30. 31. 3&. 33. 3(. 3". 36. 3). 38. 3'. (0. (1. (&. (3. ((. (". (6. (). (8. ('. "0. # % $ ! # ! $ % # # $ ! $ ! $ # % # $ ! # $ $ % % # ! # $ # # $ ! # $ % ! $ # ! ! # # ! $ # % $ ! #

"1. "&. "3. "(. "". "6. "). "8. "'. 60. 61. 6&. 63. 6(. 6". 66. 6). 68. 6'. )0. )1. )&. )3. )(. )". )6. )). )8. )'. 80. 81. 8&. 83. 8(. 8". 86. 8). 88. 8'. '0. '1. '&. '3. '(. '". '6. '). '8. ''. 100. 101. 10&.

$ % $ ! $ # ! % ! # $ ! # $ # $ $ ! % # $ ! # % $ % # ! # $ % $ ! # ! # $ % $ $ # ! % # # ! # ! $ # # !

103. 10(. 10". 106. 10).

# $ % % $

Chapter 7 Quantum Theory and the Electronic Structure of Atoms

Student: ___________________________________________________________________________ 1. What is the wavelength of radiation that has a frequency of 6.912 1014 s-1? A. B. C. D. E. 2. 1.447 10-15 nm 4.337 102 nm 2.304 106 nm 2.074 1023 nm 4.337 10-7 nm

What is the wavelength of radiation that has a frequency of 2.10 1014 s-1? A. B. C. D. E. 6.30 1022 m 7.00 102 nm 7.00 105 m 1.43 10-6 m 3.00 108 m

3.

Calculate the frequency of visible light having a wavelength of 486 nm. A. B. C. D. E. 2.06 1014 /s 2.06 106 /s 6.17 1014 /s 1.20 10-15 /s 4.86 10-7 /s

4.

Calculate the frequency of visible light having a wavelength of 686 nm. A. B. C. D. E. 4.37 1014 /s 4.37 105 /s 6.17 1014 /s 2.29 10-15 /s 2.29 10-6 /s

5.

What is the energy in joules of one photon of microwave radiation with a wavelength 0.122 m? A. B. C. D. E. 2.70 10-43 J 5.43 10-33 J 1.63 10-24 J 4.07 10-10 J 2.46 109 J

6.

What is the energy in joules of a mole of photons associated with visible light of wavelength 486 nm? A. B. C. D. E. 6.46 10-16 J 6.46 10-25 J 2.46 10-4 J 12.4 kJ 246 kJ

7.

What is the energy in joules of a mole of photons associated with red light of wavelength 7.00 102 nm? A. B. C. D. E. 256 kJ 1.71 105 J 4.72 10-43 J 12.4 kJ 2.12 1042 J

8.

What is the binding energy (in J/mol or kJ/mol) of an electron in a metal whose threshold frequency for photoelectrons is 2.50 1014 /s? A. B. C. D. E. 99.7 kJ/mol 1.66 10-19 J/mol 2.75 10-43 J/mol 7.22 1017 kJ/mol 1.20 10-6 J/mol

9.

Complete this sentence: Atoms emit visible and ultraviolet light A. B. C. D. E. as electrons jump from lower energy levels to higher levels. as the atoms condense from a gas to a liquid. as electrons jump from higher energy levels to lower levels. as they are heated and the solid melts to form a liquid. as the electrons move about the atom within an orbit.

10. Calculate the energy, in joules, required to excite a hydrogen atom by causing an electronic transition from the n = 1 to the n = 4 principal energy level. Recall that the energy levels of the H atom are given by En = -2.18 10-18 J(1/n2) A. B. C. D. E. 2.07 10-29 J 2.19 105 J 2.04 10-18 J 3.27 10-17 J 2.25 10-18 J

11. Calculate the wavelength, in nanometers, of the light emitted by a hydrogen atom when its electron falls from the n = 7 to the n = 4 principal energy level. Recall that the energy levels of the H atom are given by En = -2.18 10-18 J(1/n2) A. B. C. D. E. 4.45 10-20 nm 2.16 10-6 nm 9.18 10-20 nm 1.38 1014 nm 2.16 103 nm

12. Calculate the frequency of the light emitted by a hydrogen atom during a transition of its electron from the n = 6 to the n = 3 principal energy level. Recall that for hydrogen En = -2.18 10-18 J(1/n2). A. B. C. D. E. 1.64 1015 /s 9.13 1013 /s 3.65 1014 /s 1.82 10-19 /s 2.74 1014/s

13. Calculate the frequency of the light emitted by a hydrogen atom during a transition of its electron from the n = 4 to the n = 1 principal energy level. Recall that for hydrogen En = -2.18 10-18 J(1/n2) A. B. C. D. E. 3.08 1015 /s 1.03 108 /s 2.06 1014 /s 1.35 10-51 /s 8.22 1014 /s

14. Calculate the wavelength of the light emitted by a hydrogen atom during a transition of its electron from the n = 4 to the n = 1 principal energy level. Recall that for hydrogen En = -2.18 10-18 J(1/n2) A. B. C. D. E. 97.2 nm 82.6 nm 365 nm 0.612 nm 6.8 10-18 nm

15. The second line of the Balmer series occurs at a wavelength of 486.1 nm. What is the energy difference between the initial and final levels of the hydrogen atom in this emission process? A. B. C. D. E. 2.44 1018 J 4.09 10-19 J 4.09 10-22 J 4.09 10-28 J 1.07 10-48 J

16. In an electron microscope, electrons are accelerated to great velocities. Calculate the wavelength of an electron traveling with a velocity of 7.0 103 kilometers per second. The mass of an electron is 9.1 10-28 g. A. B. C. D. 1.0 10-13 m 1.0 10-7 m 1.0 m 1.0 10-10 m

17. Calculate the wavelength associated with a 20Ne+ ion moving at a velocity of 2.0 105 m/s. The atomic mass of Ne-20 is 19.992 amu. A. B. C. D. E. 1.0 10-13 m 1.0 10-16 m 1.0 10-18 m 9.7 1012 m 2.0 10-13 cm

18. Calculate the wavelength of a neutron that has a velocity of 200. cm/s. (The mass of a neutron = 1.675 10-27 kg.) A. B. C. D. E. 1.98 10-9 m 216 nm 1.8 1050 m 198 nm 5.05 mm

19. A common way of initiating certain chemical reactions with light involves the generation of free halogen atoms in solution. If H for the reaction Cl2(g) 2Cl(g) is 242.8 kJ/mol, what is the longest wavelength of light that will produce free chlorine atoms in solution? A. B. C. D. E. 246.3 nm 465.2 nm 349.3 nm 698.6 nm 492.6 nm

20. The longest wavelength of light that causes electrons to be ejected from the surface of a copper plate is 243 nm. What is the maximum velocity of the electrons ejected when light of wavelength 200. nm shines on a copper plate? A. B. C. D. E. 1.48 106 m/s 6.22 105 m/s 4.67 104 m/s 1.97 104 m/s 1.34 106 m/s

21. When photons with a wavelength of 310. nm strike a magnesium plate, the maximum velocity of the ejected electrons is 3.45 105 m/s. Calculate the binding energy of electrons to the magnesium surface. A. B. C. D. E. 386 kJ/mol 419 kJ/mol 32.7 kJ/mol 321 kJ/mol 353 kJ/mol

22. Electrons can be used to probe the arrangement of atoms on a solid surface if the wavelength of the electrons is comparable with the spacing between the atoms. Which of the following electron velocities would be appropriate for use in this application if the atoms are separated by 0.320 nm? A. B. C. D. E. 2.27 106 m/s 1.24 103 m/s 3.00 108 m/s 4.41 106 m/s 8.06 103 m/s

23. A single pulse of a laser yields an average of 5.00 1018 photons with = 633 nm. If melting ice to water at 0C requires 6.01 kJ/mol, what is the fewest number of laser pulses need to melt 10.0 g of ice? A. B. C. D. E. 3830 3340 38300 2120 212

24. Which one of the following sets of quantum numbers is not possible?

A. B. C. D. E.

Row 1 Row 2 Row 3 Row 4 Row 5

25. Which one of the following sets of quantum numbers is not possible?

A. B. C. D. E.

Row 1 Row 2 Row 3 Row 4 Row 5

26. What is the maximum number of electrons in a atom that can have the following set of quantum numbers? n=4 l=3 ml = -2 ms = +1/2 A. B. C. D. E. 0 1 2 6 10

27. A possible set of quantum numbers for the last electron added to complete an atom of gallium Ga in its ground state is

A. B. C. D. E.

Row 1. Row 2. Row 3. Row 4. Row 5.

28. A possible set of quantum numbers for the last electron added to complete an atom of germanium in its ground state is

A. B. C. D. E.

Row 1. Row 2. Row 3. Row 4. Row 5.

29. Electrons in an orbital with l = 3 are in a A. B. C. D. E. d orbital. f orbital. g orbital. p orbital. s orbital.

30. The number of orbitals in a d subshell is A. B. C. D. E. 1. 2. 3. 5. 7.

31. The maximum number of electrons that can occupy an energy level described by the principal quantum number, n, is A. B. C. D. E. n. n + 1. 2n. 2n2. n2.

32. How many orbitals are allowed in a subshell if the angular momentum quantum number for electrons in that subshell is 3? A. B. C. D. E. 1 3 5 7 9

33. "No two electrons in an atom can have the same four quantum numbers" is a statement of A. B. C. D. E. the Pauli exclusion principle. Bohr's equation. Hund's rule. de Broglie's relation. Dalton's atomic theory.

34. The orbital diagram for a ground-state nitrogen atom is

A. B. C. D.

Row 1. Row 2. Row 3. Row 4.

35. The orbital diagram for a ground-state oxygen atom is

A. B. C. D. E.

Row 1. Row 2. Row 3. Row 4. Row 5.

36. The orbital diagram for a ground state carbon atom is

A. B. C. D.

Row 1. Row 2. Row 3. Row 4.

37. Which ground-state atom has an electron configuration described by the following orbital diagram?

A. B. C. D. E.

phosphorus germanium selenium tellurium none of these

38. Which ground-state atom has an electron configuration described by the following orbital diagram?

A. B. C. D. E.

phosphorus nitrogen arsenic vanadium none of these

39. How many unpaired electrons does a ground-state atom of sulfur have? A. B. C. D. E. 0 1 2 3 4

40. Which element has the following ground-state electron configuration? 1s22s22p63s2 A. B. C. D. E. Na Mg Al Si Ne

41. Which element has the following ground-state electron configuration? [Kr]5s24d105p3 A. B. C. D. E. Sn Sb Pb Bi Te

42. Which element has the following ground-state electron configuration? [Kr]5s24d105p2 A. B. C. D. E. Sn Sb Pb Ge Te

43. The electron configuration of a ground-state Co atom is A. B. C. D. E. [Ar]4s23d7. 1s22s22p63s23d9. [Ne]3s23d7. [Ar]4s13d5. [Ar]4s24d7.

44. The electron configuration of a ground-state vanadium atom is A. B. C. D. [Ar]4s24d3. [Ar]4s24p3. [Ar]4s23d3. [Ar]3d5.

45. The electron configuration of a ground-state copper atom is A. B. C. D. E. [Ar]4s24d4. [Ar]4s24p63d3. [Ar]4s23d9. [Ar]3d9. [Ar]4s13d10.

46. The ground-state electron configuration for an atom of indium is A. B. C. D. E. [Kr]5s24p64d5. [Ar]4s23d104p1. [Ar]4s24p63d5. [Kr]5s25p64d5. [Kr]5s24d105p1.

47. The ground-state electron configuration of a calcium atom is A. B. C. D. E. [Ne]3s2. [Ne]3s23p6. [Ar]4s13d1. [Ar]4s2. [Ar]3d2.

48. How many electrons are there in the 2nd principal energy level (n = 2) of a phosphorus atom? A. B. C. D. E. 3 5 6 8 10

49. How many electrons are there in the 3rd principal energy level (n = 3) of a phosphorus atom? A. B. C. D. E. 3 5. 6 8 10

50. A ground-state atom of manganese has ___ unpaired electrons and is _____. A. B. C. D. E. 0, diamagnetic 2, diamagnetic 3, paramagnetic 5, paramagnetic 7, paramagnetic

51. A ground-state atom of vanadium has ___ unpaired electrons and is _____. A. B. C. D. E. 0, diamagnetic 2, diamagnetic 3, paramagnetic 5, paramagnetic 4, diamagnetic

52. A ground-state atom of iron has ___ unpaired electrons and is _____. A. B. C. D. E. 0, diamagnetic 6, diamagnetic 3, paramagnetic 5, paramagnetic 4, paramagnetic

53. Transition metal elements have atoms or ions with partially filled A. B. C. D. E. s subshells. p subshells. d subshells. f subshells. g subshells.

54. Lanthanide (or rare earth elements) have atoms or ions with partially filled A. B. C. D. E. s subshells. p subshells. d subshells. f subshells. g subshells.

55. Which choice lists two elements with ground-state electron configurations that are well-known exceptions to the Aufbau principle? A. B. C. D. E. Cu and C Cr and Cu Cs and Cl Rb and Co Fe and Co

56. A ground-state chromium atom has how many unpaired electrons? A. B. C. D. E. 1 2 4 5 6

57. Which of these choices is the electron configuration of an excited state of an oxygen atom? A. B. C. D. E. 1s22s22p4 1s22s22p5 1s22s22p33s1 1s22s22p6 1s22s22p3

58. Which of these choices is the electron configuration of an excited state of an iron atom? A. B. C. D. E. [Ar]4s23d7 [Ar]4s23d6 [Ar]4s23d8 [Ar]4s13d7 [Ar]4s13d5

59. Which of these choices is the electron configuration of an excited state of a copper atom? A. B. C. D. E. [Ar]4s23d9 [Ar]4s13d10 [Ar]4s13d8 [Ar]4s23d8 [Ar]4s03d10

60. The ground-state electron configuration of Cr, Mo, and Ag are exceptions to the Aufbau principle. Which of the following is the electron configuration for Mo? A. B. C. D. E. [Kr]5s14d5 [Kr]5s24d4 [Xe]6s25d4 [Ar]4s24d4 [Kr]5s24d6

61. How many electrons in a ground-state tellurium atom are in orbitals labeled by l = 1? A. B. C. D. E. 4 10 12 16 22

62. How many electrons in a ground-state cadmium atom are in orbitals labeled by ml = -1? A. B. C. D. E. 2 10 12 18 36

63. Which of these ground-state atoms is diamagnetic? A. B. C. D. E. Ca As Cu Fe none of these

64. Which of these atoms is paramagnetic both in its ground state and in all of its excited states? A. B. C. D. E. C N O Ti Cr

65. Which of these atoms is diamagnetic both in its ground state and in all of its excited states? A. B. C. D. E. Mg Ne Cu Zn none of these

66. The electron in a hydrogen atom falls from an excited energy level to the ground state in two steps, causing the emission of photons with wavelengths of 2624 and 97.2 nm. What is the quantum number of the initial excited energy level from which the electron falls? A. B. C. D. E. 2 3 4 6 8

67. The electron in a hydrogen atom falls from an excited energy level to the ground state in two steps, causing the emission of photons with wavelengths of 1870 and 102.5 nm. What is the quantum number of the initial excited energy level from which the electron falls? A. B. C. D. E. 2 3 4 6 8

68. When the electron in a hydrogen atom falls from the n = 3 excited energy level to the ground state energy level, a photon with wavelength is emitted. An electron having this same wavelength would have a velocity of A. B. C. D. E. 7.10 103 m/s. 2.93 106 m/s. 2.93 103 m/s. 7.10 m/s. 3.00 108 m/s.

69. When the electron in a hydrogen atom falls from its first excited energy level to the ground state energy level, a photon with wavelength is emitted. A proton having this same wavelength would have a velocity of A. B. C. D. E. 3.87 m/s. 5990 m/s. 1.21 10-7 m/s. 3.26 m/s. 5.99 m/s.

70. Breaking the oxygen-oxygen bond in hydrogen peroxide requires 210 kJ/mol. What is the longest wavelength of light that can cause this bond to be broken? A. B. C. D. E. 5.7 10-4 m 9.5 10-31 m 2.8 10-7 m 9.5 10-28 m 5.7 10-7 m

71. A photovoltaic cell converts light into electrical energy. Suppose a certain photovoltaic cell is only 63.5% efficient, in other words, that 63.5% of the light energy is ultimately recovered. If the energy output of this cell is used to heat water, how many 520 nm photons must be absorbed by the photovoltaic cell in order to heat 10.0 g of water from 20.0C to 30.0? [Given: The specific heat of water is 4.184 J/gC.] A. B. C. D. E. 4.12 1020 1.72 1021 2.62 1020 6.95 1020 1.10 1021

72. Write the ground state electron configuration for the selenium atom.

73. Write the ground state electron configuration for the phosphorus atom.

74. Calculate the energy of a photon of light with a wavelength of 360 nm.

75. What is the difference in the electron configuration between carbon-14 and carbon-12?

76. With regard to electron behavior, what happens when light is absorbed or emitted by an atom?

77. What is the total number of electrons possible in the 2p orbitals?

78. What is the total number of electrons possible in the 6s orbital?

79. What is the ground-state electron configuration for chlorine?

80. If one electron is added to the outer shell of chlorine, to which element would the configuration be similar?

81. What is the electron configuration of calcium?

82. If we take away two electrons from the outer shell of calcium, to which element would the structure be similar?

83. The colors of the visible spectrum are red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and violet. Of these colors, _______ has the most energy.

84. The colors of the visible spectrum are red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and violet. Of these colors, ______ has the least energy.

85. What is the outermost electron configuration of O?

86. What is the outermost electron configuration of S?

87. What is the outermost electron configuration of Se?

88. What is the outermost electron configuration of Te?

89. What is the outermost electron configuration of Be?

90. What is the outermost electron configuration of Mg?

91. What is the outermost electron configuration of Ca?

92. What is the outermost electron configuration of Sr?

93. What is the wavelength, in meters, of an alpha particle with a kinetic energy of 8.0 10-13 J. [mass of an alpha particle = 4.00150 amu; 1 amu = 1.67 10-27 kg]

94. What is the wavelength of a ball bearing with a mass of 10.0 g, and a velocity of 10.0 cm/s?

95. The bonds of oxygen molecules are broken by sunlight. The minimum energy required to break the oxygen-oxygen bond is 495 kJ/mol. What is the wavelength of sunlight that can cause this bond breakage?

96. The Bohr model of the hydrogen atom found its greatest support in experimental work on the photoelectric effect. True False

97. An electron in a 3p orbital could have a value of 2 for its angular momentum quantum number (l). True False

98. A neon atom in its ground state will be diamagnetic. True False

99. Each shell (principal energy level) of quantum number n contains n subshells. True False

100. For all atoms of the same element, the 2s orbital is larger than the 1s orbital. True False

101. According to de Broglie's equation, the wavelength associated with the motion of a particle increases as the particle mass decreases. True False

102. The frequency of the emitted light from a cesium atom is an intensive property. True False

Chapter 7 Quantum Theory and the Electronic Structure of Atoms Key

1.B 2.D 3.C 4.A 5.C 6.E 7.B 8.A 9.C 10.C 11.E 12.E 13.A 14.A 15.B 16.D 17.A 18.D 19.E 20.B 21.E 22.A 23.D 24.B 25.B 26.B 27.C 28.C 29.B 30.D

31.D 32.D 33.A 34.A 35.D 36.D 37.C 38.A 39.C 40.B 41.B 42.A 43.A 44.C 45.E 46.E 47.D 48.D 49.B 50.D 51.C 52.E 53.C 54.D 55.B 56.E 57.C 58.D 59.A 60.A 61.E 62.B 63.A 64.B

65.E 66.D 67.C 68.A 69.D 70.E 71.B 72.[Ar] 4s23d104p4 73.[Ne] 3s23p3 74.5.5 10-19 J 75.There is no difference. 76.The electrons move between orbitals. 77.6 78.2 79.1s22s22p63s23p5 or [Ne]3s23p5 80.Argon 81.1s22s22p63s23p64s2 or [Ar]4s2 82.Argon 83.violet 84.red 85.2s22p4 86.3s23p4 87.4s23d104p4 88.5s24d105p4 89.2s2 90.3s2 91.4s2 92.5s2 93.6.4 10-15 m 94.6.63 10-22 nm 95.242 nm 96.FALSE 97.FALSE 98.TRUE

99.TRUE 100.TRUE 101.TRUE 102.TRUE