Object Technology: [8.0] Oracle 8.

0 - Object Oriented RDBMS Tool Object is a collection of elements of different data types stored at one locat ion. It will not hold data. It can have Methods ( Functions ) defined in it. It is stored permenantly in database in "User_types" system table. It can be shared with other users. It is an re-usable component. It supports "Inheritence" feature of OOPS. 8.0 -- Composite Datatypes 7.x - Comp DT Objects - C structure Pl/sql Records Object with Methods - C++ class Pl/sql Tables Nested Tables Varrying Arrays Syntax : create type <obj name > as object (element 1 datatype, element 2 datatype, ....... element N datatype ); Ex: 1 create type addr_type as object ( hno varchar2(10), street varchar2(20), city varchar2(20), pin number(6)); / Ex: 2 create type pf_type as object (pfno number(4), amt number(10)); / desc addr_type desc pf_type desc user_types select * from user_types; Ex : 1 Using Objects : create table student ( roll number(3), sname varchar2(20), address addr_type, course varchar2(20), fee number(5)); desc student insert into student values(101,'RAM', addr_type('112 - A','ameerpet','hyd',500038),

'oracle',2500);

select * from student; select sname, address from student; select sname, s.address.city, s.address.pin from student s; update student s set s.address.city = 'secbad' where roll = 101; delete from student s where s.address.city = 'hyd'; --------------------------------------------------------------Ex :2 Re-using Object :

create table emp(empno number(4), ename varchar2(20), eaddr addr_type, sal number(12,2), pf pf_type); desc emp insert into emp values(1001,'RAJ', addr_type('121- Q', 's.r.nagar', 'hyd', null), 12000, pf_type(123, 3000)); select * from emp; select ename, eaddr from emp; select empno, sal, pf from emp; select ename, e.eaddr.city, e.eaddr.pin from emp e; select empno, sal, e.pf.pfno from emp e; update emp e set e.pf.amt = 4000 where e.pf.pfno = 123; update emp e set e.eaddr.pin = 500039 where empno = 1001; delete from emp e where e.pf.pfno = 123; --------------------------------------------------------------Sharing Objects : scott: grant execute on addr_type to user1; user1: create table supplier ( supp_id number(4), sname varchar2(20), saddr scott.addr_type ); insert into supplier(1001,'RAJ', scott.addr_type( '123-A' , 'ameerpet' , 'hyd' , 500038));

select * from supplier; desc supplier select sname, s.saddr.city from supplier s; --------------------------------------------------------------Nested Objects : create type person_type as object ( pname varchar2(20), paddr addr_type); create table customer (cust_id number(3), cinfo person_type); desc customer insert into customer values( 101, person_type('RAM',addr_type(- - - -))); select * from customer; select cust_id , c.cinfo.pname, c.cinfo.paddr.city, c.cinfo.paddr.pin from customer c; --------------------------------------------------------------Object Types: 2 Types Row Object: Entire structure of table depends on object. Column Object: Only few columns of table depends on object. create type etype as object ( eid number(4), ename varchar2(20),

sal number(10,2), deptno number(2)); / --------------------------------------------------------------Row Object : create table etab of etype; desc etab = desc etype insert into etab values(1001,'RAM',21000,10); select * from etab; select eid,ename,sal from etab; update etab set sal = sal + 4000; --------------------------------------------------------------Column Object : create table employ(einfo etype, job varchar2(20), hiredate date); insert into employ values(etype(101,'VARUN',21000,10), 'MANAGER',sysdate); select * from employ; select e.einfo.eid, e.einfo.ename, e.einfo.sal, job from employ e; --------------------------------------------------------------* Objects cannot be Altered * Constraints will not support on Objects To apply restrictions on Object elements Triggers can be used : * Triggers checks for "null" value in city . create or replace trigger chk_city before insert on student for each row begin if :new.address.city is null then raise_application_error(-20500,'Student city cannot be Null'); end if; end; --------------------------------------------------------------- Removing Object s : Drop type < obj name >; > drop type addr_type; > drop type pf_type; * Object can be removed only if it is not used in any table . --------------------------------------------------------------create table t1 (name varchar2(20), cont_addr addr_type, perm_addr addr_type, phno number(10), email varchar2(50)); --------------------------------------------------------------Object with Methods: create or replace type etype as object (ecode number(4), name varchar2(20), basic number(12,2), job varchar2(20), hiredate date, member function gross(vbasic number) return number, pragma restrict_references(gross,WNDS), member function experiance(doj date) return number, pragma restrict_references(experiance,WNDS)); / create or replace type body etype as member function gross(vbasic number) return number is

begin return(round(vbasic + vbasic * .25 + vbasic * .35 vbasic * .15)); end; member function experiance(doj date) return number is begin return(round(months_between(sysdate,doj))/12); end; end; / create table etab of etype; -- Row Object insert into etab values (1001,'RAM',30000,'ANALYST','10-dec-01'); select ecode, name, job ,basic, e.gross(basic) "gross" , e.experiance(hir edate) "exp in years" from etab e ; Purity Level Test: Checks for member functions are having " DML" * DML are not valid in member functions. Restrict_references : Built_in sub program used to check for DML stmts in methods . WNDS - Write No Database State * Pragma - Instruction to Pl/sql Supports to execute Sub program in declaration statements or not.

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* PRAGMA --- 4 Types 1. Pragma Exception_init --- Exceptions 2. Pragma Serially_reusable --- Packages 3. Pragma Autonomous_transaction --- Triggers 4. Pragma Restrict_references --- Object Methods ---------------------------------------------------------------