Structure 1

3rd Class : 16th of March 2014 Adrian Budianto

adrian.budianto@gmail.com

Universitas Terbuka
Korea Selatan
1

PREPOSITIONS (KATA DEPAN)

 Kata depan adalah kata yang menunjukkan hubungan

antara kata benda (noun) atau kata ganti (pronoun) dengan kata lainnya dalam satu kalimat
Kata depan yang sering digunakan dalam Bahasa Inggris

About Along Behind By From Next to Over Towards With

above among below despite in of since under within

across around beside down into off through until without

after at besides during like on till up

against before between for near out to upon

3

For the more detailed version of the table, please visit this link : http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/prepositions
4

Penunjukkan tempat
In On

At

: di dalam : di atas, pada : pada

I will meet you in the station. Saya akan menemuimu

di dalam stasiun I will meet you at the station Saya akan menemuimu di stasiun I will meet you on the station (X)
We will have meeting on Monday at 1 PM in the new

meeting room coba artikan

5

Special cases
I live at 123, Baker Street

I live on Baker Street

I live in London

Penunjukkan waktu

AT At night At morning

IN In the night In the morning

ON On Monday night On Sunday morning

7

Penyegaran
on 1. My best friend lives ______ Bangka Road. in about twenty minutes. 2. I'll be ready to leave ____ at home. 3. Since he met his new girlfriend, Juan never seems to be ______ by throwing a 4. The child responded to his mother's demands ______

tantrum. on the phone. 5. I think she spent the entire afternoon ______ until 6:30, but then I'm going home. 6. I will wait ______ at the corner of Cascade and Plum 7. The police caught the thief _____ Streets. for me 8. My fingers were injured so my sister had to write the note _____ in buying a new car now 9. I am not interested _____ 10. What are the main ingredients ______ of this casserole? about the girls from our school. 11. I like to talk ______ In at on by until - about of for

after his great-grandfather. 12. My best friend, John, is named ______

until two in the morning. 13.Grandpa stayed up ______ for forty-nine years. 14. My parents have been married ______
15. He usually travels to Philadelphia _______ by train.

on television. 16. You frequently see this kind of violence ____

in 17. I told Mom we'd be home ______ an hour or so.
18. I was visiting my best friend _____ in the hospital.

from South Africa amazed the American students 19. The professor _______ with her stories. at home when I get there. 20. I'll see you ____ since Christmas morning. 21. It's been snowing ________ with 22. Lufpi doesnt like to see her _______another man
By after on - until with - in for at from - since

ARTICLES (KATA SANDANG)

10

 Article menempati posisi di depan kata benda yang

diterangkannya
Tiga macam article

The Indefinite Article : kata sandang tak tentu

A dan An

The Definite Article

The

Zero Article Activity 1 (4.25) and 11 (4.31)

11

PHRASE (FRASE)

12

 Frasa adalah kumpulan kata yang tidak mengandung subjek

dam predikat dan digunakan sebagai satu kata dalam satu kalimat.
Contoh : She is sleeping in the room. They went by train. I was standing in front of them. He came to me before 8 oclock.

13

Jenis Frasa
Noun Phrase (NP)

: Possessive Pronoun + Noun Verb Phrase (VP) : Auxiliary + Verb Adjective Phrase (AjP) : Adverb + Adjective Prepositional Phrase (PP) : Preposition + Noun Adverb Phrase (AvP) : Adverb + Adverb

My father has seemed rather angry with me just recently. NP VP AjP PP AvP

14

 Noun Phrase
A noun phrase includes a nouna person, place, or thingand

the modifiers which distinguish it. Modifiers can come before or after the noun. Ones that come before might include articles, possessive nouns, possessive pronouns, adjectives, and/or participles. Modifiers that come after the noun might include prepositional phrases, adjective clauses, participle phrases, and/or infinitives. We just saw a dog on the loose, The drooling dog is very funny.

Adjective Phrase
An adjective phrase (or adjectival phrase) is a phrase that tells us

something about the noun it is modifying. The head (principal) word in an adjective phrase must be an adjective. These are unbelievably expensive shoes Her baking always smells very tempting.

15

 Prepositional phrase
A preposition is a word that begins a prepositional phrase and shows the

relationship between its object and another word in the sentence. A preposition must always have an object. A prepositional phrase starts with a preposition, ends with an object, and may have modifiers between the preposition and object of the preposition. Remember that a prepositional phrase will never contain the subject of a sentence. The book on the table in the English classroom is Barbara's book. The roads of ancient Rome connected the cities of the empire.

Adverb phrase
Adverbial phrase (or adverb phrase) is the term for two or more words

which play the role of an adverb. Most adverbial phrases are prepositional phrases functioning as an adverb, modifying a verb, an adverb and an adjective. But there are some prepositional phrases that function as an adjective phrase, not as an adverb ; for example, 'I want to see the man in blue trousers'. 'In blue trousers' is a prepositional phrase functioning as an adjectival phrase modifying the noun 'man'. Another difference is that not all adverbial phrases are derived from prepositional phrases. For example, 'I saw him the other day'; the phrase 'the other day' is an adverbial phrase 16 modifying the verb 'saw'.

 Verb Phrase
Every sentence must have a verb. To depict doable activities, writers use

action verbs. To describe conditions, writers choose linking verbs. Selena sobbed in the driver's seat. Officer Carson was unmoved. Other times, the activity or condition continues over a long stretch of time, happens predictably, or occurs in relationship to other events. In these instances, a single-word verb like sobbed or was cannot accurately describe what happened, so writers use multipart verb phrases to communicate what they mean. As many as four words can comprise a verb phrase. Selena should have been driving with more care, for then she would not have gotten her third ticket this year.

17

Selamat berjuang!

18