Technical Document

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ZXG10-iBSC(1.0) Lapd Path Stack Fucntion

Description

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ZXG10-iBSC(1.0)Lapd Path Stack Function Description

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ZXG10-iBSC(1.0)Lapd Path Stack Function Description

1 OVERVIEW..................................................................................................................................

1.1 BRIEF INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................. 3

1.2 BACKGROUND.............................................................................................................................. 3
1.3 PURPOSE...................................................................................................................................... 3
2 TECHNOLOGIES......................................................................................................................... 4
2.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION.............................................................................................................

2.2 ARITHMETIC..............................................................................................................................

2.2.1 Packet.................................................................................................................................. 4
2.2.2 PRI Division.....................................................................................................................

2.2.3 Path detection algorithm.................................................................................................... 6

2.2.4 Alternative re-transmission algorithm............................................................................... 6
3 ENGINEERING GUIDANCE....................................................................................................

3.1 RECOMMENDED OPERATION......................................................................................................... 7

3.2 MUTUAL RELATION WITH OTHER FUNCTIONS........................................................................... 8

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ZXG10-iBSC(1.0)Lapd Path Stack Function Description

Overview

1.1

Brief introduction

Considering the requirements of Abis resource dynamic distribution, the TS resource on E1

cable should be used on the media plane as much as possible and should be used on the control
plane as little as possible. Therefore, LAPD communication link module requires each BTS rack
holds one Lapd link and the Lapd on the master/slave rack is multiplexing. The physical path
bearing Lapd consists of 1 ~ 4 64K physical path. It includes the physical TS of the slave
direction E1 when supporting the ring networking. This path combination is called Lapd path
stack.

1.2

Background

Abis interface control plane of BSCV2 is: Each site sets up one Lapd link for each TRX
and CMM. Each site maintains several Lapd links. The Lapd link at the sat site can be
multiplexed (at most 1:4) but the resource between E1 TS can not be shared. The design of
iBSC aims to simple and effective E1 load sharing. Only one Lapd link is set up between iBSC
and each rack of the site. The downlink messages (O&M messages, signaling, and paging
messages) reach CMB on each rack via this Lapd link and then are forwarded to each carrier of
sTPB via HDLC. The principle is as shown in Figure 1 .
Figure 1

Communication between iBSC and BTS

iBSC
D
T
B

D
T
B

D
T
B

BTSV3.00
D
T
B

CMB
dTPB

Lapd
S
P
B

CMP

1.3

S
P
B

S
P
B

S
P
B

HDLC

dTPB

RUDP

dTPB

Purpose

To reduce the occupation of the control plane to E1 resource via Lapd path;
To implement the control plane E1 TS load sharing;
A single Lapd link is easy to maintain. Based on it, packet and PRI division are introduces,
enhacing the E1 resource utilization and reliability.

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ZXG10-iBSC(1.0)Lapd Path Stack Function Description

Technologies

2.1

General description

iBSC LAPD path pack consists of 1 ~ 4 64Kb/s physical paths. Via the background
configuration, E1 TS that O&M path stack contains is between iBSC and BTS. It contains O&M
TS defaulted by BTS (configured by ID_DOG on BTS cabinet-top) and this path is called the
master direction basic path. For the ring networking, it contains the O&M TS of BTS slave
direction E1 and this path is called the slave direction basic path, as shown in Figure 2 .
Figure 2 Principle of iBSC Lapd Path Stack

Master direction basic path

iBSC

Slave direction basic path

BTS
Expansible physical path
Lapd path stack

No matter it is the ring networking or not, there is only one Lapd link between iBSC and
one BTS rack. The difference is that whether this Lapd link path stack contains the O&M TS of
slave direction E1. The expanded physical TS can be either the master direction E1 TS or slave
direction E1 TS. Therefore, the active/standby link switchover does not exists, which is different
from the ring networking of V2. For the O&M master/slave configuration of the ring networking,
refer to ZXG10-BSC (v2.96) Shift Rate Lapd Design Description. No matter whether it is
configured as a ring networking, Lapd physical TS (combined as a path stack) should be on one
CPU subcard of one SPB. SPB handles with the messages in the queue according to Lapd sliding
window processor and sends the available paths from the path stack in turns.

2.2

Arithmetic

2.2.1

Packet
Based on the communication overhead of iBSC control plane signaling transmission
Ethernet, about 20 bytes net load of the signaling results in the huge IP head, which greatly
influence the CMP control plane throughput and processing capability. Therefore, the packet
processing on Abis control plane signaling is required, to reduce the impact of the IP head
overhead. Max Lapd frame is 260 bytes, so make the packet threshold as 255 bytes and set the
soecific packet delay. The principle is as shown in Figure 3 .
Figure 3 Lapd Data Report Packet

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ZXG10-iBSC(1.0)Lapd Path Stack Function Description

Head
Group message

Protocol

discriminatio type

Head

Body

Head

Body

Packet before delay arrival

Signaling or paging message

Message Message

Body

Head

Body

Group message body

length
Total length

n code

The group is at most 255BYTE

Send after the delayed
arrival

Ethernet

O&M messages are not grouped. The signaling message and the paging message are
grouped in the unit of rack. SPB board creates the independent buffering area for different rack.
The grouped data packets on CMP are put into different buffering area according to different
purpose. The paging message is only sent to the master rack of the BTS. The master rack CMM
sends the paging to BCCH of each rack.
2.2.2
PRI Division
During the transmission of Abis signaling, the DL paging messages and UL measurement
messages are less important than other signaling. The delay tolerance is larger than others.
Therefore, communicating Abis messages in PRI can take full advantage of the message queue
buffering to be against the effect on the communication link caused by paging surge.

Message from CMP

Head

Paging group message or

O&M message

Body

Service signaling group

Low PRI queue

High PRI queue

Head

Body

Head

Body

Sliding window
Head

Body

Head

Body

E1

Fig.2.3 DL Message PRI Division

On SPB, iBSC sets up two message queues for each channel and deals with them in PRI
when sending messages. O&M message and the paging group message are in the low PRI queue.
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ZXG10-iBSC(1.0)Lapd Path Stack Function Description

The service signaling group is in the high PRI queue. After receiving the control plane signaling
messages from the CMP, Lapd process puts the different group and non-group messages into
different PRI queues. After the scan timer arrives, Lapd process sends the messages in different
PRI queues in the order of high low PRI. Therefore, in the case of surging messages, the
important messages are sure to be sent first and the influence on the system indices are reduced.
2.2.3
Path detection algorithm
In the path stack, each path has its own status maintenance system and the status detection
algorithm is as shown in Fig 2.4. For iBSC, A checks the time difference of A and B according to
the requirements from BTS. The path should be barred if any is beyond the threshold value.

BTS

Lapd frame
Detection frame

iBSC
B

BTS detect B
BTS sends the
detection frame
(at the same time,,
BTS detects A)

iBSC sends the detection fram

(at the same time, BSC detects
B)

A
iBSC detects A

Fig. 2.4 Path Stack Path Status Detection Principles

The sending of the path status frame has nothing to do with the current path status. Even in
prohibited status, it can be sent periodically. If, in the status frame received from the peer path,
the value of byTickAfterRev is less than the threshold, the path can be used. This method can
easily detect the usability of the path.
2.2.4
Alternative re-transmission algorithm
ITU suggests, in Q.920-Q.921, re-transmitting the Lapd sliding window system by
backwarding N frames. The receiving party receives the non-prospected frame and abandons.
And the, it sends the re-transmission requests to the receiving party. As a result, if the frame is
lost, the frames after this frame S.N. are all abandoned and are re-transmitted one by one. Abis
communication of iBSC supports the path stack bearer Lapd protocol, so the usage of different
physical paths and enlarge of the sliding window sizes, the proportion of the hopping frames are
increased greatly. This re-transmission method may cause a lot of information to be retransmitted, causing the waste of the bandwidth and the congestion. Therefore, it is better to
improve the sliding window system into the alternative re-transmission method.
After receiving the Abis messages, SPB first judges whether it is the expected frame. If so,
send to the CMP and update the expected frame No, enable the REJ timer (if exists), and kill it.
If no, judge whether the hopping frame falls into the sliding window (the difference of the frame
No. and the expected frame is smaller than the sliding window size). If so, buffer it in the sliding
window and see whether the REJ timer is enabled. If not, enable the REJ frame timer. Abandon
the hopping frame that do not fall into the sliding window directly. REJ timer sends the REJ
frame timer to the sending party for the expected frame re-transmission request. In addition, to
speed up the re-transmission, more path hopping frame are required. Each path make records of
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ZXG10-iBSC(1.0)Lapd Path Stack Function Description

the frame No. after sending I frame. If all frames of one path stack in the records are beyond the
expected frame No. of the path stack, send the REJ frame for the expected frame re-transmission
request, as shown in Fig. 2.5.

Receiving Lapd frame

Discard the frame
N
Expected frame or not

Does it fall in
the sliding
window

Y
REJ timer is
enabled or not

Is REJ timer
enabled

Buffer the frame

Y
Kill REJ timer

Kill REJ timer

Y

Send to CMP

Multi-path
hopping
frame check
passes

N
Send REJ

Y
Update the expected frame No
Is REJ timer
enabled or not
Y

Is the expected
frame buffered
in the sliding
window

N
Enable REJ timer

Fig.2.5 Multi-path Alternative Re-transmission Flow

Engineering Guidance

3.1

Recommended operation

When the background configures the OMU TS for the site, 1~4 TSs are require but it must
include the OMU TS of the BTS DIP switch. The OMU TS of the master/slave rack at the same
site are same. According to the common traffic model, the call duration is counted at 30s. Each
call has 16 UL signalings and UL signalings respectively, less than 30 bytes by average. The
UL/DL signaling traffic of each carrier is: 30*16*16/30 =256Bps. UL measurement reports that
the bandwidth is occupied: 40*16/2=320Bps. DL paging message traffic is counted on 30
messages per second, the messages length is 20 bytes and the bandwidth that the DL paging
occupies is: 20*30=600Bps. The paging messages are sent on cells and each site can have at
most 6 sites. In the case of the full configuration, UL has larger traffic and the UL traffic is the
base for the calculation. The peak signaling traffic of one cell is: 256+320=576Bps=4.6kbps.
Considering the bandwidth equipments, communication waste, and the anti-surging capability of
the control plane signaling message, the suggested configurations are as shown in Table 3.1.
Each Lapd uses the path stack that consists of 1 ~ 4 64Kb/s physical paths. When supporting the
ring networking, the path stack contains the counter physical TS. It supports the Lapd message
group and the PRI division.

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ZXG10-iBSC(1.0)Lapd Path Stack Function Description

Table3..1

3.2

Carrier

Path

Communication

Signaling Bandwidth

Qty.

Qty.

Bandwidth

Peak

64kbps

0 30kbps

7~16
1726

128kbps

192kbps

30~75kbps
75kbps 120kbps

2736

256kbps

120kbps 180kbps

Mutual relation with other functions

None

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