3CD MATHEMATICS SPECIALIST INVESTIGATION 1 MARKING KEY 1. For n an integer, the product ( n 1).n.

.( n +1) is the product of three consecutive integers. In any 3 consecutive integers there will be at least one multiple of 2 and a multiple of 3. Any product which is a multiple of both 2 and 3 is a multiple of 6, and is therefore divisible by 6.

2.

rove! 1 + 4 + 7 + ... + (3n 2) = "tep 1!

n(3n 1) for all positive integers n. 2 #erify the statement is true when n $ 1.

%.&.". $ 1 1(3 1 1) '.&.". $ 2 1 2 $ 2 "tatement is true for n $ 1. "tep 2! Assume the statement is true for n $ k. k (3k 1) (hat is, 1 + 4 + 7 + ... + (3k 2) = 2 "tep 3! rove the statement is true for n $ k ) 1

=1

(hat is, prove 1 + 4 + 7 + ... + (3k 2) + (3[ k + 1] 2) =

%.&.".$ 1 + 4 + 7 + ... + (3k 2) + (3[ k + 1] 2) k (3k 1) = + (3k + 1) 2

(k + 1)(3[ k + 1] 1) 2 (k + 1)(3k + 2) $ 2

*from step 2+

k (3k 1) + 2(3k + 1) 2 3k 2 k + 6k + 2 $ 2 2 3k + 5k + 2 $ 2 (3k + 2)(k + 1) $ 2

$ $ '.&.". (he statement is true for n $ k ) 1 if it is true for n $ k. "tep ,! As the statement is true for n $ 1, it must be true for n $ 2. As the statement is true for n $ 2, it must be true for n $ 3 and so on. n(3n 1) &ence, 1 + 4 + 7 + ... + n = is true for all positive integers n. 2

3. rove ( z cis ) n = z n cis ( n ) for all positive integers n. "tep 1 #erify the statement is true for n $ 1 %&" $ ( z cis ( ))1 $ z cis ( ) '&" $ z cis (1 ) $ z cis ( ) "tatement true for n$1 "tep 2 Assume it is true for n $ (hat is, ( z cis ) k = z k cis ( k ) "tep 3 rove the statement is true for n $ - ) 1 (hat is, prove ( z cis ) k +1 = z k +1 cis ( ( k + 1 ) ) %&" $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ "tep ,!

( z cis ) k ( z cis )1
z
k

( cis ( k )) z ( cis )

"tep 1 and 2

z
z

k +1
k +1 k +1 k +1 k +1 k +1 k +1

cis ( k ) cis ( )

(cos( k ) + i sin ( k ) )(cos + i sin )

z
z

(cos( k ) cos + i cos( k ) sin + i sin ( k ) cos + i 2 sin( k ) sin )

(cos( k ) cos - sin( k ) sin + i(sin( k ) cos + cos( k ) sin

z
z

(cos( k + ) + i sin( k + ))
cis ( k + )

cis (( k + 1 ) )

'&"

As the statement is true for n $ 1, it must be true for n $ 2. As the statement is true for n $ 2, it must be true for n $ 3 and so on. &ence, ( z cis ) n = z n cis ( n ) is true for all positive integers n.