Cylindrical-Rectangular Microstrip Antenna on Cavity Q Factor Efficiency Based

-Radiation

C. M. Krowne N C 27650 Dept. of Electrical Engineering, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh,

5 of a cylindrical-rectangular Introduction: Radiation efficiencies microstrip antenna depend on the ohmic (or dissipative) losses in the dielectrical substrate underlying the conducting antenna patch, and in the patch itself and the ground plane cylinder upon which rests the dielectric substrate. Belowwe will only consider conductor ohmic losses, assming the homogeneous dielectric to be perfectly lossless. The antenna is analyzed by first treating it as a cavity with two electric walls (at p=a and p=a+h; h=substrate thickness) and four magnetic walls ("open"; at z=O, -2b and $=0,29). Cavity Q ' s derived from this model are then combined with a lumped-element equivalent circuit model (Figure 1) of the antenna which leaks radiation from the formerly perfect magnetic walls. Figure 2 shows the antenna cavity.

: For an antenna patch of length 2b in the axial zModal CavityQ direction, ang%.ir circumferential length28 in the $-direction, and radial width h in the p-direction, the ideal lossless cavity modal fiel are

cmi ,'
w = wdi

-J

-V

'(koi'a)/Jv'(kmi'a). radian frequency.

is

the

modal

resonant

CH1672-5/81/0000-00011$00.75 @ 1981 IEEE

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%e

'PI

f i e l d solution i s

'p

-L pF m i E .(=)Rv(k l 28 ml .p)sin($

+)sin(% z )
= 0

( 3d)

HQ

-BmLikniR.~J(k,io)c~ 29 s ( i.;)sin(= '~ 2b z); H

i 3e)

Here kmi a r e t h e r o o t s of Rv(kmip) = 0 (p=a and a t h ) , c i i of Eq. (2b) become cmi = -J-v(kmia)/Jv(kmia), Bmei is a c o n s t a n t f o r t h e m i i t h mode, m=O,1,--- and k = 1 , 2 , - - - . Define the m l i t h mode Q as given by t h e p e r t u r b a t i o n a l e x p r e s s i o n

Qdi =

d/Pd

(4)

where [rl is t h e t o t a l s t o r e d c a v i t y energyand 7, !he time-average d i s s i p a t e d Dower by theconductors (Eq. (4) is evaluatedusmgtheunperturbedfields of Eqs. (1)-(3)). For TEz modes,
a+h

23

= E

1 d$
0

I dz(lEG12 + lE+I2)
-2b

(Jd

Here R is theconductorsurfaceresistance. Combining Eqs. (l), (2), ( 4 ) , and ( 5 ) , and using Bessel function properties' allows Qi t o b e w r i t t e n as

2 M modal Q can be found by adding IE t ot h e Eq. (5a) integrand, countingonlythp&angential H c o n t r i b u t i o n s Z a t p=a and a+h i n t h e Eq. (5b) integrand, and using Eqs. ( 2 ) - t 4 ) .

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Note that Eq. (7a) should be evaluated by replacing J- by the Bessel in Eqs. (2). function N of the second kind to maintain linear inde;endence Modal Radiation Efficiency: Figure 1 models the antenna as a 2-port network by using a parallel lumped-element circuit equivalent. The radiation admittance Y = Gr + jBr accounts for the time-average radiation power loss through G akd B contains both the ideal cavity susceptance and the radiationrsuscep%ance contribution due to the leaky cavity3. R accounts for ohmic l o s s e s in the conducting cavity walls. It is possiblg that G nay also have to account for waves launched as dielectric surface-guide2 waves.

P to the Defining 5 as the ratio of the time-average radiated power P by the network gives time-average total dissipated power
5
= Pr/P =

(P-P )/P

= 1

- P /P

(8)

where P is the time- verage power dissipated by the resistance R. Since PC =(l/!hRe[vIc*l=lVl /2Rw andP=(l/2)Re[VI*]=IVI2(Rw-'+cr)/2, w

A quality factorQ can be defined for the antenna equivalent network as the ratio of the timg-average reactive to power the time-average dissipated power:

Qc = Im[VI*]/Re[VI*]=R

B w r

(10)

Combining Eqs. ( 9 ) and (10) yields for the radiation efficiency of the m ? . i th mode

Conclusion: In many applications pertaining to satellites, missiles, spacecraft, and aircraft conformal microstrip antenna patches are used. Knowledge of the radiation behavior of cylindrical-rectangular microstrip antennas contributes to an understanding of radiation from curved patch antennas, and in particular, to an understanding of radiation from a patch on a cylindrical surface which has a circular cross-section normal to the cylindrical axial direction. Here we have determined the modal efficiency for radiation of them l l i th cavitymode. This analysis has assumed that the leakage of energy from the cavity is small enough so that the use of cavity modes to characterize the radiation Emri as well Y is a good approximatron. One as the useof these modes in finding expects the approximation to be exceldnt when h<<a.

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References
1.

D. L. Kreider, R. G. K u l l e r , D. R. Ostberg and P . W. Perkins, Introduction to Linear Analysis"(Addison-Wesley,Reading, Ha 1966), pp. 773.

2.

C. H. Krone, "E-Plane Coupling Between Two Rectangular Micros Antennas", Electron.Lett., 1980,Vol.16, pp. 635-636.

+O

___)

Y-v

Figure 1.

.
Equivalent circuit model of antenna.

yr

Figure 2.

Cylindrical-rectangular antenna cavity.

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